CN101695266A - Method for managing grape culture - Google Patents
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- CN101695266A CN101695266A CN200910229451A CN200910229451A CN101695266A CN 101695266 A CN101695266 A CN 101695266A CN 200910229451 A CN200910229451 A CN 200910229451A CN 200910229451 A CN200910229451 A CN 200910229451A CN 101695266 A CN101695266 A CN 101695266A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for managing grape culture, which mainly comprises five parts, namely nursery arrangement, water control fertilization, trimming and pruning, pergola erection and bag covering protection. The method can ensure that soil night soil and light energy can be utilized furthest, the use of protective covering bags can shorten the production period, protect insects and diseases, contribute to the ripeness of grapes, improve the color brightness and the sweetness so as to enable plants to have frondent branches and leaves and bloom growth and effectively improve the yield and the quality of grapes. The grapes manufactured by using the method have large and full fruits, bright colors, no dehiscent fruits, and transportation endurance; simultaneously, compared with the grape fruits manufactured by the conventional culture method, the acidity, the sugar content, the vitamin C content and other indexes of the grape fruits are greatly improved, and the manufacture is safe without chemical pesticide residues, so the grape fruits can achieve the standard of green foods.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grape cultivation and management method, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Along with the development of society and the raising of living standards of the people, people more and more pay attention to the nutrition of diet with healthy, and vitamin that fruit is rich in and cellulose, mouthfeel delicious food more and more are subjected to people's favor.Grape is one of the longest edible fruit, and China is grape big producing country, and annual requirement occupies prostatitis, the world, therefore the cultivated area of grape constantly increases, become the important channel that growth of agricultural efficiency increases income gradually, by 2004, the cultivated area of China's grape occupied the 7th in the world.
In present grape cultivation and management technology, ground, garden spacing in the rows is near excessively, the soil layer arrangement is unreasonable, fertigation efficient is lower, though the output of grape improves constantly, but the quality of grape fruit is unsatisfactory, index such as sugar content, vitamin content is all undesirable, even the phenomenon of chemical agents such as excessive spraying hormone, toner and sweetener appears in order to make grape lovely luster, shape full.Obviously run counter to the natural law of plant growing, influenced the nutritive value and the edible safety of grape self, be difficult to meet the requirement of producing green product.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiency that prior art exists, technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of grape cultivation and management method is provided, and improves bright and new degree of grape color and luster and sugariness, effectively improves vintage and quality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is that a kind of grape cultivation and management method comprises following content:
(1) ground, garden arrangement: treating excavation field planting ditch on kind of the ground, apply fertilizer at soil surface, form nutrition soil mixed layer, plant grape seedlings thereon, seeding row spacing is a 1.5-2.5 rice, ridging degree of depth 8cm, and the control plant spacing is no more than 500 strains for every mu.
(2) control water fertilising: the vernalization phase is irritated sufficient water; Poured water 1 time in budding period and the every 5-6 of young fruit expanding stage days, and be as the criterion for drenched about 1 cun with ground; Preceding about 10 days of florescence was irritated 1 water, ground entry 3cm; Water is controlled in the strictness in early stage of bearing fruit, and notes draining, and the intermediary and later stages cut off the water supply; Every mu of late May and early July are executed 15 kilograms in urea, 20 kilograms of potassium sulphates; Every mu of mid or late October is executed 1500-2000 kilogram fertilizer, mixes 50 kilograms of superphosphate, adopts ditch spread; Other seasons are in the morning or use urea 0.2%-0.3% at dusk, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and superphosphate leachate 0.5%-1.0%, borax 0.2% grade is carried out foliar spray.
(3) pruning: planted back 1 year, the strong young sprout of selecting and remain is fostered the grown cultures trunk, and all the other young sprouts and sublateral shoot stay the pinching of 1-2 leaf, increases slightly with the auxilliary trunk of supporting; Second and third year keeps major branch growth vigor, and the major branch straight line is extended, and from about 2 meters on the trunk first secondary major branch of selecting and remain, the bearing basal shoot allowance is controlled at 1000-1500 root/every mu; Rare colored fringe is pinched the fringe point, requires a tip one fringe, removes secondary fringe, pinches and removes spike length 1/3.
(4) frame sets up: adopt T type frame, the first road steel wire is drawn at vertical 1.2-1.5 rice, cement pole clearance ground, upwards sets up two crossbeams separately, long 60 centimetres of first crossbeam, the long 90-100 of second crossbeam centimetre every 30-35 centimetre.Two crossbeam two ends respectively draw one steel wire to form T type frame; High 120-150 centimetre on tree body trunk, cultivate 2 climing two arms that become of master, being mutually rightabout ties up on the first road iron wire, on the master is climing, stay the female skill of a result every 15-25 centimetre, the living young sprout branch both sides of taking out outwards let alone after through second road, the 3rd road steel wire saggingly, hedge wall both sides respectively form face as a result.
(5) protected by bagging: in the grape growth process, begin to the fructescence from young fruit period, the bagging one by one in the outside of fruit ear, the oral area sealing, a bag body leaves air-vent.
Above-mentioned grape cultivation and management method in (3) pruning, is cultivated second trunk at the sublateral shoot of selecting and remain from frame face 30-50 centimeters, and leading shoot continues to extend, and cultivates into first major branch, makes every square metre of frame face stay 12 branch.
Grape cultivation and management method of the present invention can guarantee to utilize to greatest extent the soil liquid manure and the luminous energy in vineyard; the use of protection bagging can be shortened the production cycle; insect protected is prevented evil, is beneficial to grape maturity and improved bright and new degree of color and luster and sugariness; make that plant is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, growing way is vigorous, effectively improve vintage and quality.Grape cultivation and management method of the present invention is applied to produce, the grape berry of being produced is big and full, color and luster is bright and new, few dehiscent fruit, anti-accumulating, simultaneously the grape fruit all produced than the conventional cultivation method of indexs such as the acidity of grape fruit, sugar content, Vitamin C content has significantly and improves, and production safety not have chemical pesticide residual, can reach green food standard.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
This grape cultivation and management method is: the arrangement of ground, (1) garden: treating excavation field planting ditch on kind of the ground, apply fertilizer at soil surface, form nutrition soil mixed layer, plant grape seedlings thereon, seeding row spacing is 1.5 meters, 8 centimetres of the ridging degree of depth, and the control plant spacing is no more than 500 strains for every mu.(2) control water fertilising: the vernalization phase is irritated sufficient water; Budding period and young fruit expanding stage were poured water 1 time in per 5 days, were as the criterion for drenched about 1 cun with ground; Preceding about 10 days of florescence was irritated 1 water (ground is gone into 3 centimetres); Water is controlled in the strictness in early stage of bearing fruit, and notes draining, and the intermediary and later stages cut off the water supply.Every mu of late May and early July are executed 15 kilograms in urea, 20 kilograms of potassium sulphates; Every mu of mid or late October is executed 1500 kilograms of fertilizers, mixes 50 kilograms of superphosphate, adopts ditch spread; Other seasons are in the morning or use urea 0.3% at dusk, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and superphosphate leachate 1.0%, borax 0.2% grade is carried out foliar spray.(3) pruning: planted back 1 year, the strong young sprout of selecting and remain is fostered the grown cultures trunk, all the other young sprouts and sublateral shoot stay a leaf pinching, increase slightly with the auxilliary trunk of supporting, cultivate second trunk at the sublateral shoot of selecting and remain from frame face 50 centimeters, leading shoot continues to extend, and cultivates into first major branch, guarantees that every square metre of frame face stays 12 branch; Second and third year keeps major branch growth vigor, and the major branch straight line is extended, from about 2 meters on the trunk first secondary major branch of selecting and remain, and 1000 of every mu of bearing basal shoot allowance controls.Rare colored fringe is pinched the fringe point, requires a tip one fringe, removes secondary fringe, pinches and removes spike length 1/3.(4) frame sets up: adopt T type frame, the first road steel wire is drawn at vertical 1.2 meters, cement pole clearance ground, upwards sets up two crossbeams separately, long 60 centimetres of first crossbeam, long 100 centimetres of second crossbeam every 30 centimetres.Two crossbeam two ends respectively draw one steel wire to form T type frame.Tree body trunk is high 150 centimetres, cultivating climing two arms that become of 2 masters is mutually rightabout and ties up on the first road iron wire, stay a result female skill every 25 centimetres main on climing, the living young sprout branch both sides of taking out outwards let alone after through second road, the 3rd road steel wire saggingly, hedge wall both sides respectively form face as a result.(5) protected by bagging: in the grape growth process, begin to the fructescence from young fruit period, the bagging one by one in the outside of fruit ear, the oral area sealing, a bag body leaves air-vent.
Embodiment 2
This grape cultivation and management method comprises following content: the arrangement of ground, (1) garden: treating excavation field planting ditch on kind of the ground, apply fertilizer at soil surface, form nutrition soil mixed layer, plant grape seedlings thereon, seeding row spacing is 2.5 meters, 8 centimetres of the ridging degree of depth, the control plant spacing is no more than 500 strains for every mu.(2) control water fertilising: the vernalization phase is irritated sufficient water; Budding period and young fruit expanding stage were poured water 1 time in per 6 days, were as the criterion for drenched about 1 cun with ground; Preceding about 10 days of florescence was irritated 1 water (ground is gone into 3 centimetres); Water is controlled in the strictness in early stage of bearing fruit, and notes draining, and the intermediary and later stages cut off the water supply.Every mu of late May and early July are executed 15 kilograms in urea, 20 kilograms of potassium sulphates; Every mu of mid or late October is executed 2000 kilograms of fertilizers, mixes 50 kilograms of superphosphate, adopts ditch spread; Other seasons are in the morning or use urea 0.2% at dusk, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and superphosphate leachate 0.5%, borax 0.2% grade is carried out foliar spray.(3) pruning: planted back 1 year, the strong young sprout of selecting and remain is fostered the grown cultures trunk, all the other young sprouts and sublateral shoot stay two leaf pinching, increase slightly with the auxilliary trunk of supporting, cultivate second trunk at the sublateral shoot of selecting and remain from frame face 30 centimeters, leading shoot continues to extend, and cultivates into first major branch, guarantees that every square metre of frame face stays 12 branch; Second and third year keeps major branch growth vigor, and the major branch straight line is extended, from about 2 meters on the trunk first secondary major branch of selecting and remain, and 1500 of every mu of bearing basal shoot allowance controls.Rare colored fringe is pinched the fringe point, requires a tip one fringe, removes secondary fringe, pinches and removes spike length 1/3.(4) frame sets up: adopt T type frame, the first road steel wire is drawn at vertical 1.5 meters, cement pole clearance ground, upwards sets up two crossbeams separately, long 60 centimetres of first crossbeam, long 90 centimetres of second crossbeam every 35 centimetres.Two crossbeam two ends respectively draw one steel wire to form T type frame.Tree body trunk is high 120 centimetres, cultivating climing two arms that become of 2 masters is mutually rightabout and ties up on the first road iron wire, stay a result female skill every 15 centimetres main on climing, the living young sprout branch both sides of taking out outwards let alone after through second road, the 3rd road steel wire saggingly, hedge wall both sides respectively form face as a result.(5) protected by bagging: in the grape growth process, begin to the fructescence from young fruit period, the bagging one by one in the outside of fruit ear, the oral area sealing, a bag body leaves air-vent.
Embodiment 3
This grape cultivation and management method comprises following content: the arrangement of ground, (1) garden: treating excavation field planting ditch on kind of the ground, apply fertilizer at soil surface, form nutrition soil mixed layer, plant grape seedlings thereon, seeding row spacing is 2 meters, 8 centimetres of the ridging degree of depth, and the control plant spacing is no more than 500 strains for every mu.(2) control water fertilising: the vernalization phase is irritated sufficient water; Budding period and young fruit expanding stage were poured water 1 time in per 5 days, were as the criterion for drenched about 1 cun with ground; Preceding about 10 days of florescence was irritated 1 water (ground is gone into 3 centimetres); Water is controlled in the strictness in early stage of bearing fruit, and notes draining, and the intermediary and later stages cut off the water supply.Every mu of late May and early July are executed 15 kilograms in urea, 20 kilograms of potassium sulphates; Every mu of mid or late October is executed 1800 kilograms of fertilizers, mixes 50 kilograms of superphosphate, adopts ditch spread; Other seasons are in the morning or use urea 0.25% at dusk, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and superphosphate leachate 0.8%, borax 0.2% grade is carried out foliar spray.(3) pruning: planted back 1 year, the strong young sprout of selecting and remain is fostered the grown cultures trunk, all the other young sprouts and sublateral shoot stay 1 leaf pinching, increase slightly with the auxilliary trunk of supporting, cultivate second trunk at the sublateral shoot of selecting and remain from frame face 40 centimeters, leading shoot continues to extend, and cultivates into first major branch, guarantees that every square metre of frame face stays 12 branch; Second and third year keeps major branch growth vigor, and the major branch straight line is extended, from about 2 meters on the trunk first secondary major branch of selecting and remain, and 1300 of every mu of bearing basal shoot allowance controls.Rare colored fringe is pinched the fringe point, requires a tip one fringe, removes secondary fringe, pinches and removes spike length 1/3.(4) frame sets up: adopt T type frame, the first road steel wire is drawn at vertical 1.4 meters, cement pole clearance ground, upwards sets up two crossbeams separately, long 60 centimetres of first crossbeam, long 95 centimetres of second crossbeam every 32 centimetres.Two crossbeam two ends respectively draw one steel wire to form T type frame.Tree body trunk is high 135 centimetres, cultivating climing two arms that become of 2 masters is mutually rightabout and ties up on the first road iron wire, stay a result female skill every 20 centimetres main on climing, the living young sprout branch both sides of taking out outwards let alone after through second road, the 3rd road steel wire saggingly, hedge wall both sides respectively form face as a result.(5) protected by bagging: in the grape growth process, begin to the fructescence from young fruit period, the bagging one by one in the outside of fruit ear, the oral area sealing, a bag body leaves air-vent.
Claims (2)
1. grape cultivation and management method, it comprises following content:
(1) ground, garden arrangement: treating excavation field planting ditch on kind of the ground, apply fertilizer at soil surface, form nutrition soil mixed layer, plant grape seedlings thereon, seeding row spacing is a 1.5-2.5 rice, ridging degree of depth 8cm, and the control plant spacing is no more than 500 strains for every mu;
(2) control water fertilising: the vernalization phase is irritated sufficient water; Poured water 1 time in budding period and the every 5-6 of young fruit expanding stage days, and be as the criterion for drenched about 1 cun with ground; Preceding about 10 days of florescence was irritated 1 water (3cm is gone on ground); Water is controlled in the strictness in early stage of bearing fruit, and notes draining, and the intermediary and later stages cut off the water supply; Every mu of late May and early July are executed 15 kilograms in urea, 20 kilograms of potassium sulphates; Every mu of mid or late October is executed 1500-2000 kilogram fertilizer, mixes 50 kilograms of superphosphate, adopts ditch spread; Other seasons are in the morning or use urea 0.2%-0.3% at dusk, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and superphosphate leachate 0.5%-1.0%, borax 0.2% grade is carried out foliar spray;
(3) pruning: planted back 1 year, the strong young sprout of selecting and remain is fostered the grown cultures trunk, and all the other young sprouts and sublateral shoot stay the pinching of 1-2 leaf, increases slightly with the auxilliary trunk of supporting; Second and third year keeps major branch growth vigor, and the major branch straight line is extended, from about 2 meters on the trunk first secondary major branch of selecting and remain, bearing basal shoot allowance control 1000-1500 root/every mu; Rare colored fringe is pinched the fringe point, requires a tip one fringe, removes secondary fringe, pinches and removes spike length 1/3;
(4) frame sets up: adopt T type frame, the first road steel wire is drawn at vertical 1.2-1.5 rice, cement pole clearance ground, upwards sets up two crossbeams separately, long 60 centimetres of first crossbeam, the long 90-100 of second crossbeam centimetre every 30-35 centimetre; Two crossbeam two ends respectively draw one steel wire to form T type frame; High 120-150 centimetre on tree body trunk, cultivating climing two arms that become of 2 masters is mutually rightabout and ties up on the first road iron wire, on the master is climing, stay the female skill of a result every 15-25 centimetre, the living young sprout branch both sides of taking out outwards let alone after through second road, the 3rd road steel wire saggingly, hedge wall both sides respectively form face as a result;
(5) protected by bagging: in the grape growth process, begin to the fructescence from young fruit period, the bagging one by one in the outside of fruit ear, the oral area sealing, a bag body leaves air-vent.
2. grape cultivation and management method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described (3) pruning, cultivate second trunk at the sublateral shoot of selecting and remain from frame face 30-50 centimeters, leading shoot continues to extend, cultivate into first major branch, guarantee that every square metre of frame face stays 12 branch.
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| CN102138489A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-03 | 杭州秀山美地农业科技有限公司 | Protective cultivating method for grapes |
| CN102165906A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-08-31 | 付强 | Compound management method for five-time fruiting of grape vines |
| CN102334438A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2012-02-01 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Cultivation method of wine grapes growing in Minjiang upriver region |
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Application publication date: 20100421 |