CN108713438A - A kind of organic Kiwi cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of organic Kiwi cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108713438A CN108713438A CN201810519420.9A CN201810519420A CN108713438A CN 108713438 A CN108713438 A CN 108713438A CN 201810519420 A CN201810519420 A CN 201810519420A CN 108713438 A CN108713438 A CN 108713438A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of organic Kiwi cultural methods.The cultural method includes variety selection, nursery, field construction, plantation, cultivation management, water management, soil management, fertilizing management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvesting, packaging and other steps.Cultural method of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, simple and practicable, is suitble to large-scale promotion; and the quality of Chinese gooseberries of plantation out is excellent, fruit shape is big, and quality is delicate; the dense sweet tea of flavor, pol is high, environmentally protective; for Organic Fruit, and pest and disease damage incidence is low, and survival rate is high; yield is high, can increase production 800 kilograms or more per acre, cultural method of the present invention can get good quality and high output organic Kiwi; it disclosure satisfy that the market demand to increase sharply, there is important economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of organic Kiwi cultural methods, belong to technical field of cultivation.
Background technology
Actinidia is a kind of fallen leaves tendril fruit tree in Actinidiaceae Actinidia, and nickname Chinese grooseberry is that a kind of quality is fresh
It is tender, full of nutrition, the delicious fruit of flavor, the soft texture of Kiwi berry, sweet mouthfeel, rich in multivitamin and nutrition member
Element is known as " king of fruit ", has higher economic value and cultivating value.The market demand of Kiwi berry is very big at present,
But existing organic Kiwi cultural method is there is lack of standardization and not science, leads to organic Kiwi low output, poor quality,
It cannot be satisfied the market demand to increase sharply.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of organic Kiwi cultural methods, significantly improve the yield of organic Kiwi
And quality, to meet the market demand to increase sharply.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose：
A kind of organic Kiwi cultural method, includes the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection mouthfeel is delicious, adaptable, resistance is high, fruit shape is big and best in quality, energy and market
The improved seeds to integrate with；
(2) nursery：
1. collecting seed：October early September-early and middle ten days acquire abundant mellow fruit, after after-ripening softens, by fruit together with
Seed squeezes out together, is packed into rubbing in gauze bag, so that seed is detached with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind
Son, which is placed on interior and spreads out, to dry in the shade；
2. seed Sand culture：40-50 DEG C of warm water of seed is impregnated 2-3 hours, then diel is soaked with cold water, it is then husky
It is sowed after hiding 50-60 days, macaque peach seeds are afraid of that dry fearness is wet during sand storage, to be frequently checked, be frequently stirred, prevent from going mouldy；
3. sowing：Mid-March to early April is sowed, and sowing ground selects deep fertile soil layer and irrigation and drainage and transportation condition good
Place, site preparation makees compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, removes sundries, and seedbed is slightly suppressed, sprinkled profoundly water, sand storage by the wide 0.8-1.2m in compartment
Seed belt sand is sowed, and after planting, spreads the thin river sand of a thickness 2-3mm, and be covered with straw, is sprayed water on grass；
(3) field is built：
1. field selects：Air, soil, the free of contamination region of water quality are selected, height above sea level is in the area of 500-1200m
Domain, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, the subacidity soil that the soil is porous, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, preferable 25 degree of conditions of transportation or less
Gentle slope ground building well；
2. windbreak construction：Windbreak transplants row 5-6m away from Kiwi berry, transplants 2 rows, line-spacing 1.0-1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.8-
1.2m is transplanted with diagonal way, sets high 10-15m, seeds are based on coniferals；
3. planting generation：To carrying out before frozen ground after fallen leaves, spring plant is sprouted advance to bud after thawing for autumn plant
Row；
4. the configuration of pollinizers：The selection of staminiferous plant is identical as the main breed florescence, male and female plant ratio 4-6:1, in every 3 row
Between a line, plant one plant of staminiferous plant every 2 plants of female plants；
5. planting density：Planting density and cultivation posture are closely related, when using flat-top frame, spacing in the rows 2.8-3.2m,
Line-spacing is 5.0-5.5m, transplants 50-60 plants per acre；When using "T"-shaped frame, spacing in the rows 2.0-3.0m, line-spacing 3.5-4.0m, often
70-80 plants of mu plant；When using hedge frame, spacing in the rows 1.8-2.4m, line-spacing 3.2-3.6m transplant 35-45 plants per acre；
6. field planting method：60-80cm is ploughed deeply into field in autumn last year before field planting, then presses seeding row spacing and digs planting furrow, ditch
Deep 50-70cm, width 70-90cm, when having dug backfill table soil after ditch, uniformly mixing applies 80-100 kilograms of decomposed manure and nitrogen
5-10 kilograms of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer is filled and led up planting furrow, is then colonized, and when field planting keeps root system open and flat in soil, earthing, and watering waits for water
After oozing, keep seedling equal with ground, then covering film water conservation, heat preservation, to facilitate work；
(4) cultivation management：
1. stand：After field planting winter current year i.e. set up holder, be divided into pillar, crossbeam, canopy face be iron wire；By 3-4m spacing
1 pillar is found, long-press line-spacing determines that 40-50cm high 1 iron wires of horizontal drawing, the roads Gong La 3-4, in case tying up are pressed in pillar height 1.5-2m, centre
Bolting tree is climing；When to third year large result, start to take crossbeam, the wide 2-3m of crossbeam on hedge wall；By the 4th year, as a result by hedge wall portion
On bit transition to crossbeam；
2. tying up climing：6, July is the vigorous period of Kiwi berry young sprout dendritic growth, with the growth of branches and tendrils, should be tied up in time
Bolting tree is climing on iron wire frame, to prevent from lodging；
3. trimming：
Summer pruning：First, except sprouting：It erases the branch of excessive growth that the sprout tillers sent out on stock and trunk or main stem base portion sprout,
In addition to giving over to prepared branch, remaining erases without exception；Second is that pinching, that is, setting phase, the spring tip semi-lignified when, to excessive growth result
Branch pinching at the 10th leaf or the above 7-8 pieces leaf of the last one fruit；Pinching at the 15th leaf of spring tip nutrition branch such as sprouts two
The secondary tip can stay 3-4 piece leaf pinching；Third, sparse branching：It removes between overstocked, summer shoot that is long and influencing fruit growth and same axil
Weak branch in two young sprouts sprouted；Fourth, curved branch：I.e. the treelet phase, control was on foot to the young sprout march of over growth, torsion, drawing
It is long, and keep flat branches and tendrils in early August, promote bud differentiation；
Winter pruning：First, sparse branching is：It is main dredge go growth not the substantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersect branch,
Sick branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without utility value and the fruitful branch without updating ability；It is raw for the year strong on bearing basal shoot
Strong nutrition branch is the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stays 8-12 bud cutting back, weak branch to stay bud, enriching shoot less depending on growing way and breediness
It is stay bud more, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back；3 years or so bearing basal shoots of result, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion
There is vigorous branches, strengthen at bud, to be updated；Second is that fruitful branch is handled：The branch of excessive growth of result, on setting fruit position at 3-4 bud
Cutting back, long, medium fruit branch can stay 2-3 bud cutting back, fruit spur not to cut generally on setting fruit position；Give over to the reservation 5-8 of innovation shoot
A bud cutting back；
(5) water management：First, before spring rudiment, pour water, every plant 20-30 kilograms, depending on damage caused by a drought, pours water in conjunction with fertilising
2-3 times；Second is that during the dry season, pour water 2-3 times depending on damage caused by a drought；It, be in time in orchard or the plant in the ranks row of trench digging third, the autumn rain phase
Water；
(6) soil management：
Soil is ploughed 1. ploughing deeply：Newly-built field can plough deeply base manure in conjunction with Fertilizer In Autumn every year, and First Year is dug outward from planting pit outer
Annular groove, furrow width 30-40cm, depth 35-45cm, the second year edge that then last year ploughs deeply, which extends to the outside, to be ploughed deeply, and full garden is ploughed deeply
One time；
2. tillage and weeding：Tilth is advisable with 10-15cm, spring tree disk near plough shallowly, month summer 6-8, in conjunction with except
Grass carries out shallow plowing weeding to tree disk and loosens the soil, and keeps loosing soil ventilative, enhances moisturizing drought-resistant ability；
(7) fertilizing management：
1. base manure：Preferably base manure was applied with the autumn, mid-November mid-October-again time, the type of base manure is with decomposed manure
Based on.With proper amount of microorganism fertilizer and mineral fertilizer, dose is depending on the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, result quantities, and raw tree is applied per acre within 1 year
Enter 1500-2000 kilograms of decomposed manure, the raw trees of 2-3 apply 2000-2500 kilograms of decomposed manure, the raw trees of 4-5 per acre
2500-3000 kilograms of decomposed manure is applied per acre, and 6-7 is raw, and tree applies 3500-4000 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, at age
4500-5500 kilograms of decomposed manure is applied per acre；
2. top dressing：Root top dressing and foliage spray, root top dressing decomposed manure is divided to add mineral fertilizer and microorganism fertilizer
It carries out, root top dressing was poured every 15-20 days in the 3-8 months and applied 1 time；The fish meal or biogas slurry of foliage spray solubility, foliage spray
Whole year applies 4-5 times, and early period is applied 2-3 times, later stage 2-3 times in growth；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Major Diseases have the soft corruption of anthracnose, brown spot, phytophthora root rot, blossom rot, blight dis-ease, fruit
Disease, insect pest have bud maggot, clearwing moth, fruit piercing moth, chafer, to reinforce orchard management, enhance tree vigo(u)r, reinforce soil disinfection,
Strengthen the integrated control aimed at prevention；
(9) it harvests, pack：It is harvested in mid-October to early November, the latest earlier than dew frost, daily collecting time is best
To harvesting before noon after dew is dry in the morning, specification by size after fruit harvesting carries out classification packaging, level-one fruit single fruit weight
100 grams or more；80-100 grams of two level fruit single fruit weight, 50-80 grams of three-level fruit single fruit weight.
Preferably, the kind include and be not limited to Red Male, red assorted, Jin Yan, assorted, the Jin Guo, Jin Tao of gold, emerald green fragrant, extra large water,
Bu Lunuo, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2, river Mi 3, river Mi 4.
Preferably, the cultivation posture of the hedge frame is：Zhi Zhuchang 2.5-3.0m, rugosity 10-15cm, bury 70-90cm, ground
Face clear height 1.5-2.0m, the roads drawing 3-5 antirust iron wire successively from bottom to up on frame face, first of iron wire is away from ground 55-65cm, often
Found a pillar every 5-10m, branches and tendrils draw tie up on the iron wire of frame face.
Preferably, the cultivation posture of the flat-top frame is：The high 2-2.5m of frame sets pillar, full garden B-C post every 5-7m
It square can arrange, pillar overall length 2.5-3.0m, bury 70-90cm, the pillar angle iron or bar connecting of frame surrounding
Get up, each branch intercolumniation draws grid with thickness iron wire, constitutes a flat canopy.
Preferably, the cultivation posture of the "T"-shaped frame is：One horizontal gird is set at the top of vertical struts, forms T words
Small rack, pillar overall length 2.5-3.0m, crossbeam overall length 1.5-2.0m, the roads traction 3-4 high intensity antirust iron wire, pillar on crossbeam
Embedded depth 70-90cm, overground part clear height 2-2.5m set a pillar every 5-7m.
Preferably, the decomposed manure includes and is not limited to decomposed compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, work
Object compost made of stalks.
Preferably, the mineral fertilizer includes and is not limited to rock phosphate in powder, potassium ore, trace element, crude sulfur.
Preferably, the microorganism fertilizer is EM bacterium bio-fertilizers.
Preferably, the irrigation method includes and is not limited to flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation.
Preferably, the PH of the subacidity soil is 6.0-6.5.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that and advantageous effect：
Cultural method of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, simple and practicable, is suitble to large-scale promotion, and plant quality of Chinese gooseberries out
Excellent, fruit shape is big, and quality is delicate, the dense sweet tea of flavor, and pol is high, environmentally protective, is Organic Fruit, and pest and disease damage incidence is low, at
Motility rate is high, and yield is high, can increase production 800 kilograms or more per acre, and cultural method of the present invention can get good quality and high output organic Kiwi,
It disclosure satisfy that the market demand to increase sharply, there is important economic benefit.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to specific embodiment, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation are only used for explaining the present invention, do not make
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of organic Kiwi cultural method, includes the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection mouthfeel is delicious, adaptable, resistance is high, fruit shape is big and best in quality, energy and market
The improved seeds to integrate with；Kind includes and is not limited to assorted Red Male, red assorted, Jin Yan, gold, Jin Guo, Jin Tao, emerald green fragrant, extra large water, Bu Lu
Promise, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2, river Mi 3, river Mi 4；
(2) nursery：
1. collecting seed：October early September-early and middle ten days acquire abundant mellow fruit, after after-ripening softens, by fruit together with
Seed squeezes out together, is packed into rubbing in gauze bag, so that seed is detached with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind
Son, which is placed on interior and spreads out, to dry in the shade；
2. seed Sand culture：40 DEG C of warm water of seed are impregnated 3 hours, then diel is soaked with cold water, then sand storage 50
It is sowed after it, macaque peach seeds are afraid of that dry fearness is wet during sand storage, to be frequently checked, be frequently stirred, prevent from going mouldy；
3. sowing：Mid-March to early April is sowed, and sowing ground selects deep fertile soil layer and irrigation and drainage and transportation condition good
Place, site preparation makees compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, removes sundries, and seedbed is slightly suppressed, sprinkled profoundly water, the seed of sand storage by the wide 0.8m in compartment
Band sand is sowed, and after planting, spreads the thin river sand of a thickness 2mm, and be covered with straw, is sprayed water on grass；
(3) field is built：
1. field selects：Air, soil, the free of contamination region of water quality are selected, height above sea level is in the region of 500m, soil layer
Deep, fertile soil, the PH that the soil is porous are 6.0 subacidity soil, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, preferable 25 degree of conditions of transportation or less
Gentle slope ground building well；
2. windbreak construction：Windbreak transplants row 5m away from Kiwi berry, transplants 2 rows, line-spacing 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.8m, with diagonal
Line mode is transplanted, and sets high 10m, seeds are based on coniferals；
3. planting generation：To carrying out before frozen ground after fallen leaves, spring plant is sprouted advance to bud after thawing for autumn plant
Row；
4. the configuration of pollinizers：The selection of staminiferous plant is identical as the main breed florescence, male and female plant ratio 4:1, among every 3 row
A line plants one plant of staminiferous plant every 2 plants of female plants；
5. planting density：Planting density and cultivation posture are closely related, when using flat-top frame, spacing in the rows 2.8m, and line-spacing
For 5.0m, 50 plants are transplanted per acre；When using "T"-shaped frame, spacing in the rows 2.0m, line-spacing 3.5m transplant 70 plants per acre；Use hedge frame
When, spacing in the rows 1.8m, line-spacing 3.2m transplant 35 plants per acre；
The cultivation posture of hedge frame is：Zhi Zhuchang 2.5m, rugosity 10cm, bury 70cm, ground clear height 1.5m, on frame face under
Supreme to pull 3 antirust iron wires successively, first of iron wire founds a pillar away from ground 55cm, every 5m, and branches and tendrils, which draw, to be tied up and frame face iron
On silk；
The cultivation posture of flat-top frame is：The high 2m of frame sets pillar every 5m, and full garden B-C post square can arrange, branch
Column overall length 2.5m, bury 70cm, and the pillar angle iron or bar connecting of frame surrounding get up, and each branch intercolumniation is led with thickness iron wire
Draw grid, constitutes a flat canopy；
The cultivation posture of "T"-shaped frame is：One horizontal gird is set at the top of vertical struts, forms the small rack of T words, branch
Column overall length 2.5m, crossbeam overall length 1.5m, draw 3 high intensity antirust iron wires on crossbeam, pillar embedded depth 70cm, and overground part is net
High 2m sets a pillar every 5m；
6. field planting method：60cm is ploughed deeply into field in autumn last year before field planting, then presses seeding row spacing and digs planting furrow, ditch depth
50cm, width 70cm, when having dug backfill table soil after ditch, uniformly mixing applies 80 kilograms of decomposed manures and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5
Kilogram, planting furrow is filled and led up, is then colonized, when field planting keeps root system open and flat in soil, earthing, and watering after water oozes, makes seedling and ground
It is equal, then covering film water conservation, heat preservation, to facilitate work；Decomposed manure include and be not limited to decomposed compost, make compost, barnyard manure,
Biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer；
(4) cultivation management：
1. stand：After field planting winter current year i.e. set up holder, be divided into pillar, crossbeam, canopy face be iron wire；It is vertical by 3m spacing
1 pillar, long-press line-spacing determine that 40cm high 1 iron wires of horizontal drawing are pressed in pillar height 1.5m, centre, 3 are drawn altogether, in case bondage is complicated and confused；It arrives
When third year large result, start to take crossbeam, the wide 2m of crossbeam on hedge wall；By the 4th year, cross is as a result transferred to by hedge wall site
Liang Shang；
2. tying up climing：6, July is the vigorous period of Kiwi berry young sprout dendritic growth, with the growth of branches and tendrils, should be tied up in time
Bolting tree is climing on iron wire frame, to prevent from lodging；
3. trimming：
Summer pruning：First, except sprouting：It erases the branch of excessive growth that the sprout tillers sent out on stock and trunk or main stem base portion sprout,
In addition to giving over to prepared branch, remaining erases without exception；Second is that pinching, that is, setting phase, the spring tip semi-lignified when, to excessive growth result
Branch pinching at 7 leaves more than the 10th leaf or the last one fruit；Pinching at the 15th leaf of spring tip nutrition branch, such as sprouts secondary
The tip can stay 3 leaf pinching；Third, sparse branching：It removes and is sprouted between overstocked, summer shoot that is long and influencing fruit growth and same axil
Two young sprouts in weak branch；Fourth, curved branch：That is the treelet phase to the young sprout march of over growth, torsion, drawing, Spindling control, and
Branches and tendrils are kept flat in early August, promote bud differentiation；
Winter pruning：First, sparse branching is：It is main dredge go growth not the substantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersect branch,
Sick branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without utility value and the fruitful branch without updating ability；It is raw for the year strong on bearing basal shoot
Strong nutrition branch is the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stays 8 bud cutting backs, weak branch to stay bud, enriching shoot more less depending on growing way and breediness
Stay bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back；3 years or so bearing basal shoots of result, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion has
At vigorous branches, strong bud, to be updated；Second is that fruitful branch is handled：The branch of excessive growth of result, the cutting back at 3 buds on setting fruit position,
Long, medium fruit branch can stay 2 bud cutting backs, fruit spur not to cut generally on setting fruit position；Give over to 5 bud cutting backs of reservation of innovation shoot；
(5) water management：First, before spring rudiment, pour water in conjunction with fertilising, 20 kilograms every plant, depending on damage caused by a drought, pours water 2
It is secondary；Second is that during the dry season, pour water 2 times depending on damage caused by a drought；It, be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away third, the autumn rain phase；It fills
Water method includes and is not limited to flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation；
(6) soil management：
Soil is ploughed 1. ploughing deeply：Newly-built field can plough deeply base manure in conjunction with Fertilizer In Autumn every year, and First Year is dug outward from planting pit outer
Annular groove, furrow width 30cm, depth 35cm, the second year edge that then last year ploughs deeply, which extends to the outside, to be ploughed deeply, and full garden is ploughed deeply one time；
2. tillage and weeding：Tilth is advisable with 10cm, and spring ploughs shallowly near tree disk, month summer 6-8, in conjunction with weeding pair
Tree disk carries out shallow plowing weeding and loosens the soil, and keeps loosing soil ventilative, enhances moisturizing drought-resistant ability；
(7) fertilizing management：
1. base manure：Preferably base manure was applied with the autumn, mid-November mid-October-again time, the type of base manure is with decomposed manure
Based on.With proper amount of microorganism fertilizer and mineral fertilizer, dose is depending on the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, result quantities, and raw tree is applied per acre within 1 year
Enter 1500 kilograms of decomposed manure, the raw trees of 2-3 apply 2000 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, and the raw trees of 4-5 apply rotten per acre
2500 kilograms of ripe organic fertilizer, 6-7 is raw, and tree applies 3500 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, and decomposed manure is applied per acre at age
4500 kilograms；Decomposed manure includes and is not limited to decomposed compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer；Mine
Object fertilizer includes and is not limited to rock phosphate in powder, potassium ore, trace element, crude sulfur；Microorganism fertilizer is EM bacterium bio-fertilizers；
2. top dressing：Root top dressing and foliage spray, root top dressing decomposed manure is divided to add mineral fertilizer and microorganism fertilizer
It carries out, root top dressing was poured every 15-20 days in the 3-8 months and applied 1 time；The fish meal or biogas slurry of foliage spray solubility, foliage spray
Whole year applies 4-5 times, and early period is applied 2-3 times, later stage 2-3 times in growth；Decomposed manure include and be not limited to decomposed compost, make compost,
Barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Major Diseases have the soft corruption of anthracnose, brown spot, phytophthora root rot, blossom rot, blight dis-ease, fruit
Disease, insect pest have bud maggot, clearwing moth, fruit piercing moth, chafer, to reinforce orchard management, enhance tree vigo(u)r, reinforce soil disinfection,
Strengthen the integrated control aimed at prevention；
(9) it harvests, pack：It is harvested in mid-October to early November, the latest earlier than dew frost, daily collecting time is best
To harvesting before noon after dew is dry in the morning, specification by size after fruit harvesting carries out classification packaging, level-one fruit single fruit weight
100 grams or more；80 grams of two level fruit single fruit weight, 50 grams of three-level fruit single fruit weight.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of organic Kiwi cultural method, includes the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection mouthfeel is delicious, adaptable, resistance is high, fruit shape is big and best in quality, energy and market
The improved seeds to integrate with；Kind includes and is not limited to assorted Red Male, red assorted, Jin Yan, gold, Jin Guo, Jin Tao, emerald green fragrant, extra large water, Bu Lu
Promise, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2, river Mi 3, river Mi 4；
(2) nursery：
1. collecting seed：October early September-early and middle ten days acquire abundant mellow fruit, after after-ripening softens, by fruit together with
Seed squeezes out together, is packed into rubbing in gauze bag, so that seed is detached with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind
Son, which is placed on interior and spreads out, to dry in the shade；
2. seed Sand culture：50 DEG C of warm water of seed are impregnated 2 hours, then diel is soaked with cold water, then sand storage 60
It is sowed after it, macaque peach seeds are afraid of that dry fearness is wet during sand storage, to be frequently checked, be frequently stirred, prevent from going mouldy；
3. sowing：Mid-March to early April is sowed, and sowing ground selects deep fertile soil layer and irrigation and drainage and transportation condition good
Place, site preparation makees compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, removes sundries, and seedbed is slightly suppressed, sprinkled profoundly water, the seed of sand storage by the wide 1.2m in compartment
Band sand is sowed, and after planting, spreads the thin river sand of a thickness 3mm, and be covered with straw, is sprayed water on grass；
(3) field is built：
1. field selects：Air, soil, the free of contamination region of water quality are selected, height above sea level is in the region of 1200m, soil
Layer depth thickness, fertile soil, the PH that the soil is porous are 6.5 subacidity soil, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, preferable 25 degree of conditions of transportation with
Lower gentle slope ground building well；
2. windbreak construction：Windbreak transplants row 6m away from Kiwi berry, transplants 2 rows, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 1.2m, with diagonal
Line mode is transplanted, and sets high 15m, seeds are based on coniferals；
3. planting generation：To carrying out before frozen ground after fallen leaves, spring plant is sprouted advance to bud after thawing for autumn plant
Row；
4. the configuration of pollinizers：The selection of staminiferous plant is identical as the main breed florescence, male and female plant ratio 6:1, among every 3 row
A line plants one plant of staminiferous plant every 2 plants of female plants；
5. planting density：Planting density and cultivation posture are closely related, when using flat-top frame, spacing in the rows 3.2m, and line-spacing
For 5.5m, 60 plants are transplanted per acre；When using "T"-shaped frame, spacing in the rows 3.0m, line-spacing 4.0m transplant 80 plants per acre；Use hedge frame
When, spacing in the rows 2.4m, line-spacing 3.6m transplant 45 plants per acre；
The cultivation posture of hedge frame is：Zhi Zhuchang 3.0m, rugosity 15cm, bury 90cm, ground clear height 2.0m, on frame face under
Supreme to pull 5 antirust iron wires successively, first of iron wire founds a pillar away from ground 65cm, every 10m, and branches and tendrils, which draw, to be tied up and frame face iron
On silk；
The cultivation posture of flat-top frame is：The high 2.5m of frame sets pillar every 7m, and full garden B-C post square can arrange,
Pillar overall length 3.0m, bury 90cm, and the pillar angle iron or bar connecting of frame surrounding get up, each branch intercolumniation thickness iron wire
Grid is drawn, a flat canopy is constituted；
The cultivation posture of "T"-shaped frame is：One horizontal gird is set at the top of vertical struts, forms the small rack of T words, branch
Column overall length 3.0m, crossbeam overall length 2.0m, draw 4 high intensity antirust iron wires on crossbeam, pillar embedded depth 90cm, and overground part is net
High 2.5m sets a pillar every 7m；
6. field planting method：80cm is ploughed deeply into field in autumn last year before field planting, then presses seeding row spacing and digs planting furrow, ditch depth
70cm, width 90cm, when having dug backfill table soil after ditch, uniformly mixing applies 100 kilograms of decomposed manures and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
10 kilograms, planting furrow is filled and led up, is then colonized, when field planting keeps root system open and flat in soil, earthing, watering, after water oozes, makes seedling and ground
Face is equal, then covering film water conservation, heat preservation, to facilitate work；Decomposed manure includes and is not limited to decomposed compost, makes compost, matting
Fertilizer, biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer；
(4) cultivation management：
1. stand：After field planting winter current year i.e. set up holder, be divided into pillar, crossbeam, canopy face be iron wire；It is vertical by 4m spacing
1 pillar, long-press line-spacing determine that 50cm high 1 iron wires of horizontal drawing are pressed in pillar height 2m, centre, 4 are drawn altogether, in case bondage is complicated and confused；To
When 3 years large results, start to take crossbeam, the wide 3m of crossbeam on hedge wall；By the 4th year, crossbeam is as a result transferred to by hedge wall site
On；
2. tying up climing：6, July is the vigorous period of Kiwi berry young sprout dendritic growth, with the growth of branches and tendrils, should be tied up in time
Bolting tree is climing on iron wire frame, to prevent from lodging；
3. trimming：
Summer pruning：First, except sprouting：It erases the branch of excessive growth that the sprout tillers sent out on stock and trunk or main stem base portion sprout,
In addition to giving over to prepared branch, remaining erases without exception；Second is that pinching, that is, setting phase, the spring tip semi-lignified when, to excessive growth result
Branch pinching at 8 leaves more than the 10th leaf or the last one fruit；Pinching at the 15th leaf of spring tip nutrition branch, such as sprouts secondary
The tip can stay 4 leaf pinching；Third, sparse branching：It removes and is sprouted between overstocked, summer shoot that is long and influencing fruit growth and same axil
Two young sprouts in weak branch；Fourth, curved branch：That is the treelet phase to the young sprout march of over growth, torsion, drawing, Spindling control, and
Branches and tendrils are kept flat in early August, promote bud differentiation；
Winter pruning：First, sparse branching is：It is main dredge go growth not the substantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersect branch,
Sick branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without utility value and the fruitful branch without updating ability；It is raw for the year strong on bearing basal shoot
Strong nutrition branch is the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stays 12 bud cutting backs, weak branch to stay bud, enriching shoot more less depending on growing way and breediness
Stay bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back；3 years or so bearing basal shoots of result, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion has
At vigorous branches, strong bud, to be updated；Second is that fruitful branch is handled：The branch of excessive growth of result, the cutting back at 4 buds on setting fruit position,
Long, medium fruit branch can stay 3 bud cutting backs, fruit spur not to cut generally on setting fruit position；Give over to 8 bud cutting backs of reservation of innovation shoot；
(5) water management：First, before spring rudiment, pour water in conjunction with fertilising, 30 kilograms every plant, depending on damage caused by a drought, pours water 3
It is secondary；Second is that during the dry season, pour water 3 times depending on damage caused by a drought；It, be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away third, the autumn rain phase；It fills
Water method includes and is not limited to flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation；
(6) soil management：
Soil is ploughed 1. ploughing deeply：Newly-built field can plough deeply base manure in conjunction with Fertilizer In Autumn every year, and First Year is dug outward from planting pit outer
Annular groove, furrow width 40cm, depth 45cm, the second year edge that then last year ploughs deeply, which extends to the outside, to be ploughed deeply, and full garden is ploughed deeply one time；
2. tillage and weeding：Tilth is advisable with 15cm, and spring ploughs shallowly near tree disk, month summer 6-8, in conjunction with weeding pair
Tree disk carries out shallow plowing weeding and loosens the soil, and keeps loosing soil ventilative, enhances moisturizing drought-resistant ability；
(7) fertilizing management：
1. base manure：Preferably base manure was applied with the autumn, mid-November mid-October-again time, the type of base manure is with decomposed manure
Based on.With proper amount of microorganism fertilizer and mineral fertilizer, dose is depending on the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, result quantities, and raw tree is applied per acre within 1 year
Enter 2000 kilograms of decomposed manure, the raw trees of 2-3 apply 2500 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, and the raw trees of 4-5 apply rotten per acre
3000 kilograms of ripe organic fertilizer, 6-7 is raw, and tree applies 4000 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, and decomposed manure is applied per acre at age
5500 kilograms；Decomposed manure includes and is not limited to decomposed compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer；
2. top dressing：Root top dressing and foliage spray, root top dressing decomposed manure is divided to add mineral fertilizer and microorganism fertilizer
It carries out, root top dressing was poured every 20 days in the 3-8 months and applied 1 time；The fish meal or biogas slurry of foliage spray solubility, foliage spray are annual
It applies 5 times, early period is applied 3 times, later stage 3 times in growth；Decomposed manure includes and is not limited to decomposed compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas
Fertilizer, green manure, crop material fertilizer；Mineral fertilizer includes and is not limited to rock phosphate in powder, potassium ore, trace element, crude sulfur；Microorganism fertilizer
For EM bacterium bio-fertilizers；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Major Diseases have the soft corruption of anthracnose, brown spot, phytophthora root rot, blossom rot, blight dis-ease, fruit
Disease, insect pest have bud maggot, clearwing moth, fruit piercing moth, chafer, to reinforce orchard management, enhance tree vigo(u)r, reinforce soil disinfection,
Strengthen the integrated control aimed at prevention；
(9) it harvests, pack：It is harvested in mid-October to early November, the latest earlier than dew frost, daily collecting time is best
To harvesting before noon after dew is dry in the morning, specification by size after fruit harvesting carries out classification packaging, level-one fruit single fruit weight
100 grams or more；100 grams of two level fruit single fruit weight, 80 grams of three-level fruit single fruit weight.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of organic Kiwi cultural method, includes the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection mouthfeel is delicious, adaptable, resistance is high, fruit shape is big and best in quality, energy and market
The improved seeds to integrate with；Kind includes and is not limited to assorted Red Male, red assorted, Jin Yan, gold, Jin Guo, Jin Tao, emerald green fragrant, extra large water, Bu Lu
Promise, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2, river Mi 3, river Mi 4；
(2) nursery：
1. collecting seed：October early September-early and middle ten days acquire abundant mellow fruit, after after-ripening softens, by fruit together with
Seed squeezes out together, is packed into rubbing in gauze bag, so that seed is detached with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind
Son, which is placed on interior and spreads out, to dry in the shade；
2. seed Sand culture：45 DEG C of warm water of seed are impregnated 2.5 hours, then diel is soaked with cold water, then sand storage
It is sowed after 55 days, macaque peach seeds are afraid of that dry fearness is wet during sand storage, to be frequently checked, be frequently stirred, prevent from going mouldy；
3. sowing：Mid-March to early April is sowed, and sowing ground selects deep fertile soil layer and irrigation and drainage and transportation condition good
Place, site preparation makees compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, removes sundries, and seedbed is slightly suppressed, sprinkled profoundly water, the seed of sand storage by the wide 1.0m in compartment
Band sand is sowed, and after planting, spreads the thin river sand of a thickness 2.5mm, and be covered with straw, is sprayed water on grass；
(3) field is built：
1. field selects：Air, soil, the free of contamination region of water quality are selected, height above sea level is in the region of 900m, soil layer
Deep, fertile soil, the PH that the soil is porous are 6.2 subacidity soil, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, preferable 25 degree of conditions of transportation or less
Gentle slope ground building well；
2. windbreak construction：Windbreak transplants row 5.5m away from Kiwi berry, transplants 2 rows, line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 1.0m, with right
Linea angulata mode is transplanted, and sets high 12m, seeds are based on coniferals；
3. planting generation：To carrying out before frozen ground after fallen leaves, spring plant is sprouted advance to bud after thawing for autumn plant
Row；
4. the configuration of pollinizers：The selection of staminiferous plant is identical as the main breed florescence, male and female plant ratio 5:1, among every 3 row
A line plants one plant of staminiferous plant every 2 plants of female plants；
5. planting density：Planting density and cultivation posture are closely related, when using flat-top frame, spacing in the rows 3.0m, and line-spacing
For 5.2m, 55 plants are transplanted per acre；When using "T"-shaped frame, spacing in the rows 2.5m, line-spacing 3.8m transplant 75 plants per acre；Use hedge frame
When, spacing in the rows 2.1m, line-spacing 3.4m transplant 40 plants per acre；
The cultivation posture of hedge frame is：Zhi Zhuchang 2.7m, rugosity 12cm, bury 80cm, ground clear height 1.8m, on frame face under
Supreme to pull 4 antirust iron wires successively, first of iron wire founds a pillar away from ground 60cm, every 8m, and branches and tendrils, which draw, to be tied up and frame face iron
On silk；
The cultivation posture of flat-top frame is：The high 2.2m of frame sets pillar every 6m, and full garden B-C post square can arrange,
Pillar overall length 2.8m, bury 80cm, and the pillar angle iron or bar connecting of frame surrounding get up, each branch intercolumniation thickness iron wire
Grid is drawn, a flat canopy is constituted；
The cultivation posture of "T"-shaped frame is：One horizontal gird is set at the top of vertical struts, forms the small rack of T words, branch
Column overall length 2.7m, crossbeam overall length 1.8m, draw 3 high intensity antirust iron wires on crossbeam, pillar embedded depth 80cm, and overground part is net
High 2.3m sets a pillar every 6m；
6. field planting method：70cm is ploughed deeply into field in autumn last year before field planting, then presses seeding row spacing and digs planting furrow, ditch depth
50-70cm, width 80cm, when having dug backfill table soil after ditch, uniformly mixing applies 90 kilograms of decomposed manures and N P and K is compound
8 kilograms of fertilizer, fills and leads up planting furrow, is then colonized, and when field planting keeps root system open and flat in soil, earthing, watering, after water oozes, make seedling with
Ground is equal, then covering film water conservation, heat preservation, to facilitate work；Decomposed manure include and be not limited to decomposed compost, make compost,
Barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer；
(4) cultivation management：
1. stand：After field planting winter current year i.e. set up holder, be divided into pillar, crossbeam, canopy face be iron wire；By 3.5m spacing
1 pillar is found, long-press line-spacing determines that 45cm high 1 iron wires of horizontal drawing are pressed in pillar height 1.8m, centre, 3 are drawn altogether, in case bondage is complicated and confused；
When to third year large result, start to take crossbeam on hedge wall, crossbeam is wide by 2.5m；By the 4th year, as a result by hedge wall portion bit transition
Onto crossbeam；
2. tying up climing：6, July is the vigorous period of Kiwi berry young sprout dendritic growth, with the growth of branches and tendrils, should be tied up in time
Bolting tree is climing on iron wire frame, to prevent from lodging；
3. trimming：
Summer pruning：First, except sprouting：It erases the branch of excessive growth that the sprout tillers sent out on stock and trunk or main stem base portion sprout,
In addition to giving over to prepared branch, remaining erases without exception；Second is that pinching, that is, setting phase, the spring tip semi-lignified when, to excessive growth result
Branch pinching at 7 leaves more than the 10th leaf or the last one fruit；Pinching at the 15th leaf of spring tip nutrition branch, such as sprouts secondary
The tip can stay 3 leaf pinching；Third, sparse branching：It removes and is sprouted between overstocked, summer shoot that is long and influencing fruit growth and same axil
Two young sprouts in weak branch；Fourth, curved branch：That is the treelet phase to the young sprout march of over growth, torsion, drawing, Spindling control, and
Branches and tendrils are kept flat in early August, promote bud differentiation；
Winter pruning：First, sparse branching is：It is main dredge go growth not the substantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersect branch,
Sick branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without utility value and the fruitful branch without updating ability；It is raw for the year strong on bearing basal shoot
Strong nutrition branch is the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stays 10 bud cutting backs, weak branch to stay bud, enriching shoot more less depending on growing way and breediness
Stay bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back；3 years or so bearing basal shoots of result, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion has
At vigorous branches, strong bud, to be updated；Second is that fruitful branch is handled：The branch of excessive growth of result, the cutting back at 3 buds on setting fruit position,
Long, medium fruit branch can stay 2 bud cutting backs, fruit spur not to cut generally on setting fruit position；Give over to 6 bud cutting backs of reservation of innovation shoot；
(5) water management：First, before spring rudiment, pour water in conjunction with fertilising, 25 kilograms every plant, depending on damage caused by a drought, pours water 2
It is secondary；Second is that during the dry season, pour water 2 times depending on damage caused by a drought；It, be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away third, the autumn rain phase；It fills
Water method includes and is not limited to flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation；
(6) soil management：
Soil is ploughed 1. ploughing deeply：Newly-built field can plough deeply base manure in conjunction with Fertilizer In Autumn every year, and First Year is dug outward from planting pit outer
Annular groove, furrow width 35cm, depth 40cm, the second year edge that then last year ploughs deeply, which extends to the outside, to be ploughed deeply, and full garden is ploughed deeply one time；
2. tillage and weeding：Tilth is advisable with 12cm, and spring ploughs shallowly near tree disk, month summer 6-8, in conjunction with weeding pair
Tree disk carries out shallow plowing weeding and loosens the soil, and keeps loosing soil ventilative, enhances moisturizing drought-resistant ability；
(7) fertilizing management：
1. base manure：Preferably base manure was applied with the autumn, mid-November mid-October-again time, the type of base manure is with decomposed manure
Based on.With proper amount of microorganism fertilizer and mineral fertilizer, dose is depending on the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, result quantities, and raw tree is applied per acre within 1 year
Enter 1800 kilograms of decomposed manure, the raw trees of 2-3 apply 2200 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, and the raw trees of 4-5 apply rotten per acre
2700 kilograms of ripe organic fertilizer, 6-7 is raw, and tree applies 3800 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, and decomposed manure is applied per acre at age
5000 kilograms；Decomposed manure includes and is not limited to decomposed compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer；
2. top dressing：Root top dressing and foliage spray, root top dressing decomposed manure is divided to add mineral fertilizer and microorganism fertilizer
It carries out, root top dressing was poured every 18 days in the 3-8 months and applied 1 time；The fish meal or biogas slurry of foliage spray solubility, foliage spray are annual
It applies 4 times, early period is applied 2 times, later stage 2 times in growth；Decomposed manure includes and is not limited to decomposed compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas
Fertilizer, green manure, crop material fertilizer；Mineral fertilizer includes and is not limited to rock phosphate in powder, potassium ore, trace element, crude sulfur；Microorganism fertilizer
For EM bacterium bio-fertilizers；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Major Diseases have the soft corruption of anthracnose, brown spot, phytophthora root rot, blossom rot, blight dis-ease, fruit
Disease, insect pest have bud maggot, clearwing moth, fruit piercing moth, chafer, to reinforce orchard management, enhance tree vigo(u)r, reinforce soil disinfection,
Strengthen the integrated control aimed at prevention；
(9) it harvests, pack：It is harvested in mid-October to early November, the latest earlier than dew frost, daily collecting time is best
To harvesting before noon after dew is dry in the morning, specification by size after fruit harvesting carries out classification packaging, level-one fruit single fruit weight
100 grams or more；90 grams of two level fruit single fruit weight, 70 grams of three-level fruit single fruit weight.
Above-described specific implementation mode has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect
It is described in detail, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific implementation mode of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection mouthfeel is delicious, adaptable, resistance is high, fruit shape is big and best in quality, can integrate with market
Improved seeds；
(2) nursery：
1. collecting seed：In the abundant mellow fruit of early and middle ten days acquisition in October early September-, after after-ripening softens, by fruit together with seed
It squeezes out together, is packed into rubbing in gauze bag, so that seed is detached with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean seed is put
It spreads out and dries in the shade indoors；
2. seed Sand culture：40-50 DEG C of warm water of seed is impregnated 2-3 hours, then diel is soaked with cold water, then sand storage
It is sowed after 50-60 days, macaque peach seeds are afraid of that dry fearness is wet during sand storage, to be frequently checked, be frequently stirred, prevent from going mouldy；
3. sowing：Mid-March to early April is sowed, and soil layer is deep fertile and irrigation and drainage and the good ground of transportation condition for the selection of sowing ground
Side, site preparation make compartment, use sufficient base fertilizer, remove sundries, and seedbed is slightly suppressed, sprinkled profoundly water, the seed of sand storage by the wide 0.8-1.2m in compartment
Band sand is sowed, and after planting, spreads the thin river sand of a thickness 2-3mm, and be covered with straw, is sprayed water on grass；
(3) field is built：
1. field selects：Air, soil, the free of contamination region of water quality are selected, height above sea level is in the region of 500-1200m, soil
Layer depth thickness, fertile soil, the subacidity soil that the soil is porous, irrigation and drainage are convenient, preferable 25 degree of conditions of transportation or less gentle slope
Ground building well；
2. windbreak construction：Windbreak away from Kiwi berry transplant row 5-6m, transplant 2 rows, line-spacing 1.0-1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.8-1.2m,
It is transplanted with diagonal way, sets high 10-15m, seeds are based on coniferals；
3. planting generation：To carrying out before frozen ground after fallen leaves, spring plant carries out before sprouting after thawing to bud for autumn plant；
4. the configuration of pollinizers：The selection of staminiferous plant is identical as the main breed florescence, male and female plant ratio 4-6:1, one among every 3 row
Row plants one plant of staminiferous plant every 2 plants of female plants；
5. planting density：Planting density and cultivation posture are closely related, when using flat-top frame, spacing in the rows 2.8-3.2m, and line-spacing
For 5.0-5.5m, 50-60 plants are transplanted per acre；When using "T"-shaped frame, spacing in the rows 2.0-3.0m, line-spacing 3.5-4.0m are planted per acre
Plant 70-80 plants；When using hedge frame, spacing in the rows 1.8-2.4m, line-spacing 3.2-3.6m transplant 35-45 plants per acre；
6. field planting method：60-80cm is ploughed deeply into field in autumn last year before field planting, then presses seeding row spacing and digs planting furrow, ditch depth 50-
70cm, width 70-90cm, when having dug backfill table soil after ditch, uniformly mixing applies 80-100 kilograms of decomposed manure and N P and K
5-10 kilograms of composite fertilizer fills and leads up planting furrow, is then colonized, and when field planting keeps root system open and flat in soil, earthing, watering, after water oozes,
Keep seedling equal with ground, then covering film water conservation, heat preservation, to facilitate work；
(4) cultivation management：
1. stand：After field planting winter current year i.e. set up holder, be divided into pillar, crossbeam, canopy face be iron wire；By 3-4m spacing vertical 1
A pillar, long-press line-spacing determine that 40-50cm high 1 iron wires of horizontal drawing, the roads Gong La 3-4, in case bondage are pressed in pillar height 1.5-2m, centre
Branches and tendrils；When to third year large result, start to take crossbeam, the wide 2-3m of crossbeam on hedge wall；By the 4th year, as a result by hedge wall site
It is transferred on crossbeam；
2. tying up climing：6, July is the vigorous period of Kiwi berry young sprout dendritic growth, with the growth of branches and tendrils, answers timely bondage branch
It is climing on iron wire frame, to prevent from lodging；
3. trimming：
Summer pruning：First, except sprouting：It erases the branch of excessive growth that the sprout tillers sent out on stock and trunk or main stem base portion sprout, except staying
Make outside preparation branch, remaining erases without exception；Second is that pinching, that is, setting phase, the spring tip semi-lignified when, exist to excessive growth fruitful branch
Pinching at 10th leaf or the above 7-8 pieces leaf of the last one fruit；Second branch is such as sprouted in pinching at the 15th leaf of spring tip nutrition branch
3-4 piece leaf pinching can be stayed；Third, sparse branching：It removes and is sprouted between overstocked, summer shoot that is long and influencing fruit growth and same axil
Two young sprouts in weak branch；Fourth, curved branch：That is the treelet phase to the young sprout march of over growth, torsion, drawing, Spindling control, and
Branches and tendrils are kept flat in early August, promote bud differentiation；
Winter pruning：First, sparse branching is：It is main to dredge the branch of excessive growth for going growth not enrich, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersect branch, disease pest
Branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without utility value and the fruitful branch without updating ability；Stalwartness is given birth on bearing basal shoot for the year
Nutrition branch is the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stays 8-12 bud cutting back, weak branch that bud, enriching shoot is stayed to stay less depending on growing way and breediness more
Bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back；3 years or so bearing basal shoots of result, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion have it is strong
At branch, strong bud, to be updated；Second is that fruitful branch is handled：The branch of excessive growth of result, the cutting back at 3-4 bud on setting fruit position,
Long, medium fruit branch can stay 2-3 bud cutting back, fruit spur not to cut generally on setting fruit position；The 5-8 bud of reservation for giving over to innovation shoot is short
It cuts；
(5) water management：First, before spring rudiment, pour water in conjunction with fertilising, every plant 20-30 kilograms, depending on damage caused by a drought, pour water 2-3
It is secondary；Second is that during the dry season, pour water 2-3 times depending on damage caused by a drought；It, be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away third, the autumn rain phase；
(6) soil management：
Soil is ploughed 1. ploughing deeply：Newly-built field can plough deeply base manure in conjunction with Fertilizer In Autumn every year, and First Year digs ring-type outward from planting pit outer
Ditch, furrow width 30-40cm, depth 35-45cm, the second year edge that then last year ploughs deeply, which extends to the outside, to be ploughed deeply, and full garden is ploughed deeply one time；
2. tillage and weeding：Tilth is advisable with 10-15cm, and spring ploughs shallowly near tree disk, month summer 6-8, in conjunction with weeding pair
Tree disk carries out shallow plowing weeding and loosens the soil, and keeps loosing soil ventilative, enhances moisturizing drought-resistant ability；
(7) fertilizing management：
1. base manure：Preferably base manure was applied with the autumn, mid-November mid-October-again time, the type of base manure is based on decomposed manure.
With proper amount of microorganism fertilizer and mineral fertilizer, depending on the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r, result quantities, 1 year raw tree applies decomposed dose per acre
1500-2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, the raw trees of 2-3 apply 2000-2500 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, and 4-5 is raw, and tree is applied per acre
Enter 2500-3000 kilograms of decomposed manure, 6-7 is raw, and tree applies 3500-4000 kilograms of decomposed manure per acre, is applied per acre at age
Enter 4500-5500 kilograms of decomposed manure；
2. top dressing：Root top dressing and foliage spray, root top dressing is divided to add mineral fertilizer and microorganism fertilizer to carry out with decomposed manure,
Root top dressing was poured every 15-20 days in the 3-8 months and is applied 1 time；The fish meal or biogas slurry of foliage spray solubility, foliage spray whole year apply
4-5 times, early period is applied 2-3 times, later stage 2-3 times in growth；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Major Diseases have anthracnose, brown spot, phytophthora root rot, blossom rot, blight dis-ease, fruit soft rot, worm
Evil has bud maggot, clearwing moth, fruit piercing moth, chafer, to reinforce orchard management, enhances tree vigo(u)r, reinforces soil disinfection, strengthen with
The integrated control puted prevention first；
(9) it harvests, pack：It is harvested in mid-October to early November, the latest earlier than dew frost, daily collecting time is preferably in morning
To harvesting before noon after morning dew is dry, specification by size after fruit harvesting carries out classification packaging, 100 grams of level-one fruit single fruit weight
More than；80-100 grams of two level fruit single fruit weight, 50-80 grams of three-level fruit single fruit weight.
2. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the kind includes and unlimited
In Red Male, red assorted, Jin Yan, golden assorted, Jin Guo, Jin Tao, emerald green fragrant, extra large water, Bu Lunuo, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2
Number, river Mi 3, river Mi 4.
3. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cultivation posture of the hedge frame
For：Zhi Zhuchang 2.5-3.0m, rugosity 10-15cm, bury 70-90cm, ground clear height 1.5-2.0m, on frame face from bottom to up successively
The roads 3-5 antirust iron wire is pulled, first of iron wire founds a pillar away from ground 55-65cm, every 5-10m, and branches and tendrils, which draw, to be tied up and frame face iron
On silk.
4. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cultivation of the flat-top frame
Posture is：The high 2-2.5m of frame sets pillar every 5-7m, and full garden B-C post square can arrange, and pillar overall length 2.5-3.0m enters
Native 70-90cm, the pillar angle iron or bar connecting of frame surrounding get up, and each branch intercolumniation draws grid, structure with thickness iron wire
At a flat canopy.
5. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cultivation of the "T"-shaped frame
Posture is：One horizontal gird is set at the top of vertical struts, forms the small rack of T words, pillar overall length 2.5-3.0m, crossbeam is complete
Long 1.5-2.0m, the roads traction 3-4 high intensity antirust iron wire, pillar embedded depth 70-90cm, overground part clear height 2- on crossbeam
2.5m sets a pillar every 5-7m.
6. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the decomposed manure includes
And it is not limited to decomposed compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crop material fertilizer.
7. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mineral fertilizer includes and not
It is limited to rock phosphate in powder, potassium ore, trace element, crude sulfur.
8. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the microorganism fertilizer is EM bacterium
Bio-fertilizer.
9. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the irrigation method include and
It is not limited to flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation and spray irrigation.
10. a kind of organic Kiwi cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the subacidity soil
PH is 6.0-6.5.
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| CN109832073A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-04 | 西华大学 | A kind of cultural method of red kiwi fruit Tree Precise Fertilization good quality and high output |
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