CN107295933A - A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, specially a kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry, cultivate, transplant including selection kind, rootstock seedling, carrying planting management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control totally five steps, by selecting high quality seed, scientific cultivation sapling, rational planting technique, efficient Planting management and the timely measure such as preventing and treating pest and disease damage, the yield of Kiwi berry can be improved, make its fresh and tender pulp, soft texture, sweet mouthfeel, local flavor delicious, efficiently solve that the yield run into current Kiwi berry planting process is unstable, pulp is strong, mouthfeel peracid the problems such as.Technical scheme is scientific and reasonable, and method is easy and effective, easy to operate, can significantly improve the yield of Kiwi berry unit area, and the quality of Chinese gooseberries cultivated is excellent, pest and disease damage is few, obtains significant economic benefit.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, specially a kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry.

Background technology

Kiwi berry, nickname Chinese grooseberry, the king for being known as fruit is that a kind of quality is fresh and tender, nutritious, the delicious water of local flavor Really.The soft texture of Kiwi berry, sweet mouthfeel, taste is described as strawberry, banana, the mixing of pineapple three.Kiwi berry contains Abundant carbohydrate, vitamin and trace element, especially vitamin C, vitamin A folic acid content it is higher, vitamin C Content be ten times of apple or so, be described as " king of vitamin C ", Kiwi berry crust contains abundant pectin, Actinidia is low Fat low calorie fruit, also abundant folic acid, dietary fiber, low-sodium and high-potassium etc., contain several amino acids, as bran ammonia in Kiwi berry Acid and arginine both amino acid can as brain neuroblastoma transmitter, black in growth hormone secretion, pulp can be promoted , there is abundant vitamin E grain part, and in the world in the maximum preceding 26 kinds of fruit of consumption figure, Kiwi berry enriches comprehensive the most.Macaque Vc, Mg and micronutrient levels highest in Peach fruits, Kiwi berry are ranked first due to the potassium that heavier banana and citrus contain. Nutritive value just because of Kiwi berry extremely enriches, mouthfeel tasty and refreshing deliciousness, therefore in the market is all what supply falls short of demand forever again Situation.

At present due to the immature of Kiwi berry planting technology and management it is not in place, cause yield relatively low, mouthfeel is also When it is good when it is bad, it is therefore necessary to a kind of Kiwi berry planting technology is researched and developed to solve the above problems.

The content of the invention

For above-mentioned problem, a kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry of the invention are trained by selected high quality seed, science Sapling, rational planting technique, efficient Planting management and the timely measure such as preventing and treating pest and disease damage are educated, raising macaque has been reached The yield of peach, the purpose for making its fresh and tender pulp, soft texture, sweet mouthfeel, local flavor delicious, efficiently solves current Kiwi berry kind The yield that is run into during plant is unstable, pulp is strong, mouthfeel peracid the problems such as, preferably meet consumer demand, increase Add the economic well-being of workers and staff of planting household, transfer the enthusiasm of planting household.

In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme：

A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry, it is characterised in that：Cultivated by selection kind, rootstock seedling, transplant, carry planting management, disease pest Totally five steps are constituted for evil preventing and treating.

Further, the kind of the Kiwi berry include Red Male, extra large water, Bu Lunuo, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, River Mi 2, river Mi 4.

Further, the rootstock seedling is cultivated and comprised the following steps：

Step（1）Collect seed：Gather abundant mellow fruit in early September-mid-October, after softening through after-ripening, by fruit together with Seed is extruded together, is loaded in gauze bag and is crumpled, seed is separated with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind Son, which is placed on interior and spread out, to dry in the shade；

Step（2）Seed Sand culture：Seed is soaked 2 hours with 40-50 DEG C of warm water, then diel, Ran Housha are soaked with cold water Sowed after hiding 50-60 days；

Step（3）Sowing：Sowing time is mid-March to early April, and sowing area must be broadcast in the area of height above sea level more than 800 Kind of method is one to be selected at that soil layer is deep fertile and the preferable place of irrigation and drainage is nursery lot；Two be that site preparation makees railway carriage or compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, Debris is removed, seedbed is slightly suppressed, pour permeable, the seed belt sand of sand storage is sowed, after planting, spreads one layer by wide 1 meter or so of railway carriage or compartment Thick about 2-3 millimeter of thin river sand, and be covered with straw, it is careless on spray water or take plastics hut.

Further, the plant comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Planting technique：The planting technique includes planting pit and prepared and kind configuration, and the planting pit prepares to refer to Field is ploughed deeply 60-80 centimetres by autumn upper one year, and by 6 × 4 meters or 4 × 4 meters or 5 × 4 meters determination seeding row spacings, planting pit digs deep 60-80 centimetres, wide 80-100 centimetres planting pit, per cave when backfilling table soil, uniform mixing applies 50-100 kilograms of farm manure, Each 0.5 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium or add 1.5 kilograms of oil cakes, build up be above the ground level 20-30 centimetres ridge or steamed bun shape Mound, the kind configuration refers to fruit ranche male and female plant by 10:1 or 12:1 uniform collocation, small orchard staminiferous plant then presses 8:1 or 6:1 ratio is arranged in pairs or groups, and specific hydroponics is：In every 3 row middle row, one plant of staminiferous plant is planted every 2 plants of female plants, planting density be 2m × 4m；

Step（2）Method for planting：During plant, the center of nursery stock blow-down plant hole does not make root system directly contact fertilizer, makes root system with hand Unfold to surrounding, and root is covered with fine earth, subsequent earth backing lid is put down, somewhat steady and sure with pin, is filled with enough root water, the depth of planting is with root Neck and native face are equal or slightly higher.

Further, the load planting management comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Soil management：The land management includes ploughing deeply and improving the soil and tillage and weeding, it is described plough deeply to improve the soil to refer to combine apply Base manure, it is preferably shallow in tree crown with annual or next year in root system periphery plough deeply digging dressing furrow, wait to trim, at the end of clear garden, will apply fertilizer Soil beyond ditch ploughs deeply 20-30 centimetres again, and the tillage and weeding refers to tilth with 10-15 centimetres, and spring is attached in tree disk It is near to plough shallowly, month summer 6-8, shallow plowing weeding is carried out to tree disk with reference to weeding and loosened the soil, loosing soil is breathed freely, strengthens moisturizing drought resisting energy Power；

Step（2）Fertilizing management：One is base manure, after late October-late November picking fruit, is dug immediately around tree disk Deep 35 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres of annular groove or along plant row to trench digging applies decomposed manure and simultaneously adds oil cake, phosphate fertilizer, then Pour water earth backing, every mu is applied 1500-2800 kilograms of slag fertilizer, 150-190 kilograms of oil cake, 100-160 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer；Two are chased after before rudiment Fertilizer, late Febuary-early March, imposes the quick action fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and combination is poured water, and every mu is applied 6-9 kilograms of urea；Three are Fruit expanding period is applied fertilizer, and late May-mid-June, every plant is applied 100-135 grams of compound fertilizer, 7-10 kilograms of people and animals' liquid dung；Four are The fruit growth later stage applies fertilizer, late July-early August, applies quick-acting phosphorus, the fertilizer based on potassium, to control the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer, often 200-240 grams of phosphorus, potash fertilizer is applied in strain；Five be foliage top dressing, in full-bloom stage and setting phase, with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2% Urea solution carries out foliage top dressing；

Step（3）Water management：Before one is spring rudiment, poured water with reference to fertilising, every plant fills 25-30 kilograms, and pour water 2-3 It is secondary；During two be the dry season, pour water 2-3 times；Three be the autumn rain phase, must be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away；

Step（4）Pruning：The shaping refers to the horizontal shaping of hedge frame, is delayed with light pruning based on putting, strengthens repairing for growth period Cut, delay gesture and promote flower result；Trimming point summer and winter, the summer pruning one is to remove to sprout, that is, the sprout tillers sent on stock of erasing The branch of excessive growth sprouted with trunk or main stem base portion, in addition to prepared branch is given over to, remaining erases without exception；Two be pinching i.e. setting phase, The spring tip semi-lignified when, to excessive growth fruitful branch pinching, the spring tip at the 10th leaf or last fruit above 7-8 piece leaf Pinching at the 15th leaf of nutrition branch, 3-4 piece leaf pinching can be stayed by such as sprouting second branch；Three be that sparse branching removes overstocked, long and shadow Weak branch in two young sprouts sprouted between the summer shoot and same axil that ring fruit growth；Four be the curved branch i.e. treelet phase to over growth Young sprout march, torsion, draw, Spindling control, and keeping flat branches and tendrils in early August, promote bud differentiation；

The winter pruning one is sparse branching, i.e., main dredge goes to grow the unsubstantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersection branch, disease It is raw then healthy and strong on worm branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without value and the fruitful branch without updating ability, bearing basal shoot Nutrition branch be the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stay 8-12 bud cutting back depending on growing way and breediness, weak branch stays bud less, and enriching shoot is more Stay bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back, the result bearing basal shoot of 3 years or so, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion has At vigorous branches, strong bud, to be updated；Two be fruitful branch processing, and the branch of excessive growth of result, short at 3-4 bud on setting fruit position Cut, long, medium fruit branch can stay 2-3 bud cutting back on setting fruit position, and fruit spur is not cut typically, give over to reservation 5-8 of innovation shoot Bud cutting back.

Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control refers to prevent and treat fruit tree disease by way of soil disinfection and pruning fruit trees Insect pest.

Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：

A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry of the present invention, by selected high quality seed, the season of reasonable selection cultivation, are arranged suitably Time sowing, scientific cultivation sapling, rational planting technique, efficient Planting management and timely preventing and treating pest and disease damage etc. is arranged Apply, significantly improve the yield of Kiwi berry, while making its fresh and tender pulp, soft texture, sweet mouthfeel, local flavor delicious, effectively solve The yield that is run into current Kiwi berry planting process of having determined is unstable, pulp is strong, mouthfeel peracid the problems such as, alleviate market confession The contradiction that should not be asked, reduces the Planting risk of planting household, preferably meets consumer demand, adds the warp of planting household Ji income, has transferred the enthusiasm of planting household, with wide application prospect.

Embodiment

With reference to embodiment to a kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry of the invention, it is described further.

Embodiment 1

A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry, including selection kind, rootstock seedling are cultivated, transplant, carry planting management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control five Step；The kind of the Kiwi berry includes Red Male, extra large water, Bu Lunuo, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2, river Mi No. 4；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control refers to prevent and treat fruit tree diseases and pests by way of soil disinfection and pruning fruit trees；

The rootstock seedling, which is cultivated, to be comprised the following steps：

Step（1）Collect seed：Gather abundant mellow fruit in early September-mid-October, after softening through after-ripening, by fruit together with Seed is extruded together, is loaded in gauze bag and is crumpled, seed is separated with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind Son, which is placed on interior and spread out, to dry in the shade；

Step（2）Seed Sand culture：Seed is soaked 2 hours with 40 DEG C of warm water, then diel is soaked with cold water, then sand storage 50 Sowed after it；

Step（3）Sowing：Sowing time is mid-March to early April, and sowing area must be broadcast in the area of height above sea level more than 800 Kind of method is one to be selected at that soil layer is deep fertile and the preferable place of irrigation and drainage is nursery lot；Two be that site preparation makees railway carriage or compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, Debris is removed, seedbed is slightly suppressed, pour permeable, the seed belt sand of sand storage is sowed, after planting, spreads one layer by wide 1 meter or so of railway carriage or compartment Thick about 2 millimeters of thin river sand, and be covered with straw, grass and spray water or take plastics hut；

The plant comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Planting technique：The planting technique includes planting pit and prepared and kind configuration, and the planting pit prepares to refer to Field is ploughed deeply 60 centimetres by autumn upper one year, and by 6 × 4 meters of determination seeding row spacings, planting pit digs deep 60 centimetres, wide 80 centimetres of field planting Cave, per cave when backfilling table soil, uniform mixing applies 50 kilograms of farm manures, and each 0.5 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium builds up and be higher than The steamed bun shape mound on 20 centimetres of ground, the kind configuration refers to fruit ranche male and female plant by 10:1 uniform collocation, small orchard is male Strain then presses 8:1 ratio is arranged in pairs or groups, and specific hydroponics is：In every 3 row middle row, one plant of staminiferous plant, planting density are planted every 2 plants of female plants For 2m × 4m；

Step（2）Method for planting：During plant, the center of nursery stock blow-down plant hole does not make root system directly contact fertilizer, makes root system with hand Unfold to surrounding, and root is covered with fine earth, subsequent earth backing lid is put down, somewhat steady and sure with pin, is filled with enough root water, the depth of planting is with root Neck and native face are equal or slightly higher；

The load planting management comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Soil management：The land management includes ploughing deeply and improving the soil and tillage and weeding, it is described plough deeply to improve the soil to refer to combine apply Base manure, it is preferably shallow in tree crown to plough deeply digging dressing furrow in root system periphery every year, wait to trim, at the end of clear garden, beyond dressing furrow Soil plough deeply 20 centimetres again, the tillage and weeding refers to tilth with 10 centimetres, and spring ploughs shallowly near tree disk, summer 6 Month, shallow plowing weeding is carried out to tree disk with reference to weeding and loosened the soil, loosing soil is breathed freely, strengthens moisturizing drought-resistant ability；

Step（2）Fertilizing management：One is base manure, after late October-late November picking fruit, is dug immediately around tree disk Deep 35 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres of annular groove or along plant row to trench digging applies decomposed manure and simultaneously adds oil cake, phosphate fertilizer, then Pour water earth backing, every mu is applied 1500 kilograms of slag fertilizer, 150 kilograms of oil cake, 100 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer；Two are topdressed before rudiment, late Febuary -3 In the first tenday period of a month moon, the quick action fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer is imposed, and combination is poured water, every mu is applied 6 kilograms of urea；Three be that fruit expanding period is applied Fertilizer, late May-mid-June, every plant is applied 100 grams of compound fertilizer, 7 kilograms of people and animals' liquid dung；Four be the fertilising of fruit growth later stage, July In the last ten-days period-early August, quick-acting phosphorus, the fertilizer based on potassium are applied, the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer is controlled, every plant is applied 200 grams of phosphorus, potash fertilizer；Five are Foliage top dressing, in full-bloom stage and setting phase, foliage top dressing is carried out with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；

Step（3）Water management：Before one is spring rudiment, poured water with reference to fertilising, every plant fills 25 kilograms, pours water 2 times；Two are During dry season, pour water 2 times；Three be the autumn rain phase, must be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away；

Step（4）Pruning：The shaping refers to the horizontal shaping of hedge frame, is delayed with light pruning based on putting, strengthens repairing for growth period Cut, delay gesture and promote flower result；Trimming point summer and winter, the summer pruning one is to remove to sprout, that is, the main stem sent on stock of erasing The branch of excessive growth that base portion is sprouted, in addition to prepared branch is given over to, remaining erases without exception；Two be pinching i.e. setting phase, and the spring tip is half wooden During change, to the pinching at the 10th leaf of excessive growth fruitful branch, pinching at the 15th leaf of spring tip nutrition branch, such as sprouting second branch can stay 3-4 piece leaf pinching；Three be that sparse branching removes two sprouted between overstocked, summer shoot that is long and influenceing fruit growth and same axil Weak branch in young sprout；Four it is the curved branch i.e. treelet phase to the young sprout march of over growth, torsion, draws, Spindling control, and in August Ten days keeps flat branches and tendrils, promotes bud differentiation；

The winter pruning one is sparse branching, i.e., main dredge goes to grow the unsubstantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersection branch, disease It is raw then healthy and strong on worm branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without value and the fruitful branch without updating ability, bearing basal shoot Nutrition branch be the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stay 8 bud cutting backs depending on growing way and breediness, weak branch stays bud less, stayed enriching shoot more Bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back, the result bearing basal shoot of 3 years or so, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion has strong At branch, strong bud, to be updated；Two be fruitful branch processing, the branch of excessive growth of result, the cutting back at 3 buds on setting fruit position, Long, medium fruit branch can stay 2 bud cutting backs on setting fruit position, and fruit spur is not cut typically, gives over to 5 bud cutting backs of reservation of innovation shoot.

Embodiment 2

A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry, including selection kind, rootstock seedling are cultivated, plant, carry planting management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control totally five Individual step；The kind of the Kiwi berry includes Red Male, extra large water, Bu Lunuo, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2, river Mi 4；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control refers to prevent and treat fruit tree diseases and pests by way of soil disinfection and pruning fruit trees；

The rootstock seedling, which is cultivated, to be comprised the following steps：

Step（1）Collect seed：Gather abundant mellow fruit in early September-mid-October, after softening through after-ripening, by fruit together with Seed is extruded together, is loaded in gauze bag and is crumpled, seed is separated with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind Son, which is placed on interior and spread out, to dry in the shade；

Step（2）Seed Sand culture：Seed is soaked 2 hours with 50 DEG C of warm water, then diel is soaked with cold water, then sand storage 60 Sowed after it；

Step（3）Sowing：Sowing time is mid-March to early April, and sowing area must be broadcast in the area of height above sea level more than 800 Kind of method is one to be selected at that soil layer is deep fertile and the preferable place of irrigation and drainage is nursery lot；Two be that site preparation makees railway carriage or compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, Debris is removed, seedbed is slightly suppressed, pour permeable, the seed belt sand of sand storage is sowed, after planting, spreads one layer by wide 1 meter or so of railway carriage or compartment Thick about 3 millimeters thin river sand, and be covered with straw and take plastics hut；

The plant comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Planting technique：The planting technique includes planting pit and prepared and kind configuration, and the planting pit prepares to refer to Field is ploughed deeply 80 centimetres by autumn upper one year, by 4 × 4 meters of determination seeding row spacings, and planting pit digging is deep 80 centimetres, wide 100 centimetres to be determined Plant hole, per cave when backfilling table soil, uniform mixing applies 100 kilograms of farm manures and adds 1.5 kilograms of oil cakes, builds up and is above the ground level 30 centimetres of ridge, the kind configuration refers to fruit ranche male and female plant by 12:1 uniform collocation, small orchard staminiferous plant then presses 6:1 ratio Example is arranged in pairs or groups, and specific hydroponics is：In every 3 row middle row, one plant of staminiferous plant is planted every 2 plants of female plants, planting density is 2m × 4m；

Step（2）Method for planting：During plant, the center of nursery stock blow-down plant hole does not make root system directly contact fertilizer, makes root system with hand Unfold to surrounding, and root is covered with fine earth, subsequent earth backing lid is put down, somewhat steady and sure with pin, is filled with enough root water, the depth of planting is with root Neck and native face are equal or slightly higher；

The load planting management comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Soil management：The land management includes ploughing deeply and improving the soil and tillage and weeding, it is described plough deeply to improve the soil to refer to combine apply Base manure, it is preferably shallow in tree crown next year to plough deeply digging dressing furrow in root system periphery, wait to trim, at the end of clear garden, beyond dressing furrow Soil plough deeply 30 centimetres again, the tillage and weeding refers to tilth with 15 centimetres, and spring ploughs shallowly near tree disk, summer 8 Month, shallow plowing weeding is carried out to tree disk with reference to weeding and loosened the soil, loosing soil is breathed freely, strengthens moisturizing drought-resistant ability；

Step（2）Fertilizing management：One is base manure, after late October-late November picking fruit, is dug immediately around tree disk Deep 35 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres of annular groove or along plant row to trench digging applies decomposed manure and simultaneously adds oil cake, phosphate fertilizer, then Pour water earth backing, every mu is applied 2800 kilograms of slag fertilizer, 190 kilograms of oil cake, 160 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer；Two are topdressed before rudiment, late Febuary -3 In the first tenday period of a month moon, the quick action fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer is imposed, and combination is poured water, every mu is applied 9 kilograms of urea；Three be that fruit expanding period is applied Fertilizer, late May-mid-June, every plant is applied 135 grams of compound fertilizer, 10 kilograms of people and animals' liquid dung；Four be the fertilising of fruit growth later stage, 7 Month last ten-days period-early August, quick-acting phosphorus, the fertilizer based on potassium are applied, the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer is controlled, every plant is applied 240 grams of phosphorus, potash fertilizer；Five It is foliage top dressing, in full-bloom stage and setting phase, foliage top dressing is carried out with 0.2% urea solution；

Step（3）Water management：Before one is spring rudiment, poured water with reference to fertilising, every plant fills 30 kilograms, pours water 3 times；Two are During dry season, pour water 3 times；Three be the autumn rain phase, must be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away；

Step（4）Pruning：The shaping refers to the horizontal shaping of hedge frame, is delayed with light pruning based on putting, strengthens repairing for growth period Cut, delay gesture and promote flower result；Trimming point summer and winter, the summer pruning one is to remove to sprout, that is, the sprout tillers sent on stock of erasing And trunk, in addition to prepared branch is given over to, remaining erases without exception；Two be pinching i.e. setting phase, the spring tip semi-lignified when, to excessive growth Property fruitful branch pinching at more than last fruit pinching at 8 leaves, the 15th leaf of spring tip nutrition branch, such as sprout second branch can Stay 4 leaf pinching；Three be that sparse branching removes two sprouted between overstocked, summer shoot that is long and influenceing fruit growth and same axil Weak branch in young sprout；Four it is the curved branch i.e. treelet phase to the young sprout march of over growth, torsion, draws, Spindling control, and in August Ten days keeps flat branches and tendrils, promotes bud differentiation；

The winter pruning one is sparse branching, i.e., main dredge goes to grow the unsubstantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersection branch, disease It is raw then healthy and strong on worm branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without value and the fruitful branch without updating ability, bearing basal shoot Nutrition branch be the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stay 12 bud cutting backs depending on growing way and breediness, weak branch stays bud less, stayed enriching shoot more Bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back, the result bearing basal shoot of 3 years or so, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion has strong At branch, strong bud, to be updated；Two be fruitful branch processing, the branch of excessive growth of result, the cutting back at 4 buds on setting fruit position, Long, medium fruit branch can stay 3 bud cutting backs on setting fruit position, and fruit spur is not cut typically, gives over to 8 bud cutting backs of reservation of innovation shoot.

Embodiment 3

A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry, including selection kind, rootstock seedling are cultivated, plant, carry planting management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control totally five Individual step composition；The kind of the Kiwi berry includes Red Male, extra large water, Bu Lunuo, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2 Number, river Mi 4；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control refers to prevent and treat fruit tree diseases and pests by way of soil disinfection and pruning fruit trees；

The rootstock seedling, which is cultivated, to be comprised the following steps：

Step（1）Collect seed：Gather abundant mellow fruit in early September-mid-October, after softening through after-ripening, by fruit together with Seed is extruded together, is loaded in gauze bag and is crumpled, seed is separated with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind Son, which is placed on interior and spread out, to dry in the shade；

Step（2）Seed Sand culture：Seed is soaked 2 hours with 45 DEG C of warm water, then diel is soaked with cold water, then sand storage 55 Sowed after it；

Step（3）Sowing：Sowing time is mid-March to early April, and sowing area must be broadcast in the area of height above sea level more than 800 Kind of method is one to be selected at that soil layer is deep fertile and the preferable place of irrigation and drainage is nursery lot；Two be that site preparation makees railway carriage or compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, Debris is removed, seedbed is slightly suppressed, pour permeable, the seed belt sand of sand storage is sowed, after planting, spreads one layer by wide 1 meter or so of railway carriage or compartment Thick about 2 millimeters of thin river sand, and be covered with straw, grass and spray water or take plastics hut；

The plant comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Planting technique：The planting technique includes planting pit and prepared and kind configuration, and the planting pit prepares to refer to Field is ploughed deeply 70 centimetres by autumn upper one year, by the determination seeding row spacings such as 5 × 4 meters, and planting pit digging is deep 75 centimetres, wide 90 centimetres to be determined Plant hole, per cave when backfilling table soil, uniform mixing applies 80 kilograms of farm manures, and each 0.5 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium builds up height In 25 centimetres of the ridge in ground, the kind configuration refers to fruit ranche male and female plant by 12:1 uniform collocation, small orchard staminiferous plant is then pressed 6:1 ratio is arranged in pairs or groups, and specific hydroponics is：In every 3 row middle row, one plant of staminiferous plant is planted every 2 plants of female plants, planting density be 2m × 4m；

Step（2）Method for planting：During plant, the center of nursery stock blow-down plant hole does not make root system directly contact fertilizer, makes root system with hand Unfold to surrounding, and root is covered with fine earth, subsequent earth backing lid is put down, somewhat steady and sure with pin, is filled with enough root water, the depth of planting is with root Neck and native face are equal or slightly higher；

The load planting management comprises the following steps：

Step（1）Soil management：The land management includes ploughing deeply and improving the soil and tillage and weeding, it is described plough deeply to improve the soil to refer to combine apply Base manure, it is preferably shallow in tree crown to plough deeply digging dressing furrow in root system periphery every year, wait to trim, at the end of clear garden, beyond dressing furrow Soil plough deeply 25 centimetres again, the tillage and weeding refers to tilth with 13 centimetres, and spring ploughs shallowly near tree disk, summer 7 Month, shallow plowing weeding is carried out to tree disk with reference to weeding and loosened the soil, loosing soil is breathed freely, strengthens moisturizing drought-resistant ability；

Step（2）Fertilizing management：One is base manure, after late October-late November picking fruit, is dug immediately around tree disk Deep 35 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres annular groove trench digging, applies decomposed manure and adds oil cake, phosphate fertilizer, then pour water earth backing, every mu Apply 2400 kilograms of slag fertilizer, 170 kilograms of oil cake, 130 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer；Two are topdressed before rudiment, late Febuary-early March, impose nitrogen Quick action fertilizer based on fertilizer, and with reference to pouring water, every mu is applied 8 kilograms of urea；Three be fruit expanding period fertilising, late May-June In the middle ten days, every plant is applied 120 grams of compound fertilizer, 8 kilograms of people and animals' liquid dung；Four be to apply fertilizer in the fruit growth later stage, late July-early August, Quick-acting phosphorus, the fertilizer based on potassium are applied, the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer is controlled, every plant is applied 220 grams of phosphorus, potash fertilizer；Five be foliage top dressing, is being contained Florescence and setting phase, foliage top dressing is carried out with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；

Step（3）Water management：Before one is spring rudiment, poured water with reference to fertilising, every plant fills 28 kilograms, pours water 2 times；Two are During dry season, pour water 2 times；Three be the autumn rain phase, must be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away；

Step（4）Pruning：The shaping refers to the horizontal shaping of hedge frame, is delayed with light pruning based on putting, strengthens repairing for growth period Cut, delay gesture and promote flower result；Trimming point summer and winter, the summer pruning one is to remove to sprout, that is, the sprout tillers sent on stock of erasing The branch of excessive growth sprouted with trunk or main stem base portion, in addition to prepared branch is given over to, remaining erases without exception；Two be pinching i.e. setting phase, The spring tip semi-lignified when, to the pinching at the 10th leaf of excessive growth fruitful branch, pinching at the 15th leaf of spring tip nutrition branch is such as sprouted Hair second branch can stay 4 leaf pinching；Three be that sparse branching is removed between overstocked, summer shoot that is long and influenceing fruit growth and same axil Weak branch in two young sprouts sprouted；Four it is the curved branch i.e. treelet phase to the young sprout march of over growth, torsion, draws, Spindling control, And keep flat branches and tendrils in early August, promote bud differentiation；

The winter pruning one is sparse branching, i.e., main dredge goes to grow the unsubstantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersection branch, disease It is raw then healthy and strong on worm branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without value and the fruitful branch without updating ability, bearing basal shoot Nutrition branch be the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stay 10 bud cutting backs depending on growing way and breediness, weak branch stays bud less, stayed enriching shoot more Bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back, the result bearing basal shoot of 3 years or so, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion has strong At branch, strong bud, to be updated；Two be fruitful branch processing, the branch of excessive growth of result, the cutting back at 3 buds on setting fruit position, Long, medium fruit branch can stay 2 bud cutting backs on setting fruit position, and fruit spur is not cut typically, gives over to 7 bud cutting backs of reservation of innovation shoot.

Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment of the invention Limitation, other without departing from the present invention Spirit Essence made with principle changes, modification, replacement, combine, simplification, be accordingly to be regarded as The substitute mode of effect, is included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry, it is characterised in that：Cultivated by selection kind, rootstock seedling, transplant, carry planting management, disease Totally five steps are constituted for pest control.

2. a kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The kind of the Kiwi berry includes Red Male, extra large water, Bu Lunuo, Qincheng city 1, Qin Mei, summer millet, river Mi 2, river Mi 4.

3. a kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The rootstock seedling cultivate include with Lower step：

Step（1）Collect seed：Gather abundant mellow fruit in early September-mid-October, after softening through after-ripening, by fruit together with Seed is extruded together, is loaded in gauze bag and is crumpled, seed is separated with pulp, then eluriated repeatedly with clear water, clean kind Son, which is placed on interior and spread out, to dry in the shade；

Step（2）Seed Sand culture：Seed is soaked 2 hours with 40-50 DEG C of warm water, then diel, Ran Housha are soaked with cold water Sowed after hiding 50-60 days；

Step（3）Sowing：Sowing time is mid-March to early April, and sowing area must be broadcast in the area of height above sea level more than 800 Kind of method is one to be selected at that soil layer is deep fertile and the preferable place of irrigation and drainage is nursery lot；Two be that site preparation makees railway carriage or compartment, uses sufficient base fertilizer, Debris is removed, seedbed is slightly suppressed, pour permeable, the seed belt sand of sand storage is sowed, after planting, spreads one layer by wide 1 meter or so of railway carriage or compartment Thick about 2-3 millimeter of thin river sand, and be covered with straw, it is careless on spray water or take plastics hut.

4. the implantation methods of a kind of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the plant includes following step Suddenly：

Step（1）Planting technique：The planting technique includes planting pit and prepared and kind configuration, and the planting pit prepares to refer to Field is ploughed deeply 60-80 centimetres by autumn upper one year, and by 6 × 4 meters or 4 × 4 meters or 5 × 4 meters determination seeding row spacings, planting pit digs deep 60-80 centimetres, wide 80-100 centimetres planting pit, per cave when backfilling table soil, uniform mixing applies 50-100 kilograms of farm manure, Each 0.5 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium or add 1.5 kilograms of oil cakes, build up be above the ground level 20-30 centimetres ridge or steamed bun shape Mound, the kind configuration refers to fruit ranche male and female plant by 10:1 or 12:1 uniform collocation, small orchard staminiferous plant then presses 8:1 or 6:1 ratio is arranged in pairs or groups, and specific hydroponics is：In every 3 row middle row, one plant of staminiferous plant is planted every 2 plants of female plants, planting density be 2m × 4m；

Step（2）Method for planting：During plant, the center of nursery stock blow-down plant hole does not make root system directly contact fertilizer, makes root system with hand Unfold to surrounding, and root is covered with fine earth, subsequent earth backing lid is put down, somewhat steady and sure with pin, is filled with enough root water, the depth of planting is with root Neck and native face are equal or slightly higher.

5. the implantation methods of a kind of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the load planting management includes following Step：

Step（1）Soil management：The land management includes ploughing deeply and improving the soil and tillage and weeding, it is described plough deeply to improve the soil to refer to combine apply Base manure, it is preferably shallow in tree crown with annual or next year in root system periphery plough deeply digging dressing furrow, wait to trim, at the end of clear garden, will apply fertilizer Soil beyond ditch ploughs deeply 20-30 centimetres again, and the tillage and weeding refers to tilth with 10-15 centimetres, and spring is attached in tree disk It is near to plough shallowly, month summer 6-8, shallow plowing weeding is carried out to tree disk with reference to weeding and loosened the soil, loosing soil is breathed freely, strengthens moisturizing drought resisting energy Power；

Step（2）Fertilizing management：One is base manure, after late October-late November picking fruit, is dug immediately around tree disk Deep 35 centimetres, wide 30 centimetres of annular groove or along plant row to trench digging applies decomposed manure and simultaneously adds oil cake, phosphate fertilizer, then Pour water earth backing, every mu is applied 1500-2800 kilograms of slag fertilizer, 150-190 kilograms of oil cake, 100-160 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer；Two are chased after before rudiment Fertilizer, late Febuary-early March, imposes the quick action fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and combination is poured water, and every mu is applied 6-9 kilograms of urea；Three are Fruit expanding period is applied fertilizer, and late May-mid-June, every plant is applied 100-135 grams of compound fertilizer, 7-10 kilograms of people and animals' liquid dung；Four are The fruit growth later stage applies fertilizer, late July-early August, applies quick-acting phosphorus, the fertilizer based on potassium, to control the administration of nitrogenous fertilizer, often 200-240 grams of phosphorus, potash fertilizer is applied in strain；Five be foliage top dressing, in full-bloom stage and setting phase, with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2% Urea solution carries out foliage top dressing；

Step（3）Water management：Before one is spring rudiment, poured water with reference to fertilising, every plant fills 25-30 kilograms, and pour water 2-3 It is secondary；During two be the dry season, pour water 2-3 times；Three be the autumn rain phase, must be in time in orchard or plant in the ranks digs trenches to drain the water away；

Step（4）Pruning：The shaping refers to the horizontal shaping of hedge frame, is delayed with light pruning based on putting, strengthens repairing for growth period Cut, delay gesture and promote flower result；Trimming point summer and winter, the summer pruning one is to remove to sprout, that is, the sprout tillers sent on stock of erasing The branch of excessive growth sprouted with trunk or main stem base portion, in addition to prepared branch is given over to, remaining erases without exception；Two be pinching i.e. setting phase, The spring tip semi-lignified when, to excessive growth fruitful branch pinching, the spring tip at the 10th leaf or last fruit above 7-8 piece leaf Pinching at the 15th leaf of nutrition branch, 3-4 piece leaf pinching can be stayed by such as sprouting second branch；Three be that sparse branching removes overstocked, long and shadow Weak branch in two young sprouts sprouted between the summer shoot and same axil that ring fruit growth；Four be the curved branch i.e. treelet phase to over growth Young sprout march, torsion, draw, Spindling control, and keeping flat branches and tendrils in early August, promote bud differentiation；

The winter pruning one is sparse branching, i.e., main dredge goes to grow the unsubstantial branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersection branch, disease It is raw then healthy and strong on worm branch, weak cripetura branch, the descendant without value and the fruitful branch without updating ability, bearing basal shoot Nutrition branch be the coming year good bearing basal shoot, stay 8-12 bud cutting back depending on growing way and breediness, weak branch stays bud less, and enriching shoot is more Stay bud, extremely prosperous branch can behind Section 15 position cutting back, the result bearing basal shoot of 3 years or so, can retract to bearing basal shoot base portion has At vigorous branches, strong bud, to be updated；Two be fruitful branch processing, and the branch of excessive growth of result, short at 3-4 bud on setting fruit position Cut, long, medium fruit branch can stay 2-3 bud cutting back on setting fruit position, and fruit spur is not cut typically, give over to reservation 5-8 of innovation shoot Bud cutting back.

6. the implantation methods of a kind of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control refers to lead to The mode of soil disinfection and pruning fruit trees is crossed to prevent and treat fruit tree diseases and pests.