CN107926453B - Method for mixed cultivation of Chinese-line and delicious-line kiwi fruits to build garden - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for mixed cultivation of Chinese and delicious kiwi fruits to build a garden, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a land, 2) preparing soil and planting stems, 3) planting strong finished seedlings, 4) matching male and female plants, 5) adopting a single-trunk double-main-vine mode for Chinese kiwi fruits, adopting a Y-shaped mode for delicious kiwi fruits to shape trees, 6) managing scientific water and fertilizer, and 7) managing orchards after garden forming. The method effectively solves the problems of weak disease and pest resistance of a single variety and low yield and benefit existing in the existing kiwi fruit planting technology.

Description

Method for mixed cultivation of Chinese-line and delicious-line kiwi fruits to build garden

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of kiwi fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for building a mixed cultivation garden of Chinese-line kiwi fruits and delicious-line kiwi fruits.

Background

Chinese actinidia is a new trend and direction for cultivating kiwi in garden building in the world. Chinese actinidia is rich in nutrition, sour, sweet and delicious, and the eating of the Chinese actinidia is beneficial to body health and gradually develops into favorite fruits of people. New Zealand is the leading sheep of the Chinese kiwi fruit cultivation country, the Havode of the delicious kiwi fruit is vigorously developed from 1960, the world is sold for more than 50 years, the delicious kiwi fruit is reduced in 2000, the golden fruit of the Chinese kiwi fruit variety, G9 sunshine golden fruit and G3 sunshine golden fruit are vigorously developed, and the sweet taste and the appetite are increased by matching in the morning, noon and evening. In China, the Qinmei, mute, Xuxiang, Haiword, Miliang, Jinkui and Cuixiang of delicious kiwi fruits are vigorously developed in 1990, and the Huazhou kiwi fruits of China, Huayou, Hongyang, Jinnong No. 2, navel red and the like are developed in 2010.

In recent years, the kiwi fruit industry in China develops rapidly, and both the cultivation area and the fruit yield are the first in the world. Taking the Shaanxi province, the first big province of Kiwi berry in China as an example, the Shaanxi province is formed by radiating Shaanxi Guanzhong region and Shaannan region with the core of Zhou Zhi and Mei county, and large batches of Kiwi berry orchards are continuously diffused and developed outwards. The kiwi fruit industry of Shaanxi province is the second large industry after the apple industry, and is a rising sun industry, the market potential is large, and the price is unique. The price of the Chinese red-heart kiwi fruit is more than 5 times of that of the delicious kiwi fruit.

The mulberry work station of old storehouse area of Bao chicken city in Shaanxi province, the wide book of the party, the Jiatan department, the Wang Chenke department and the red bud of poplar (northwest horticulture: fruit tree, 2 nd 2013) report that four groups of shanghai bears are fishing the Dongyang village in Shanxi Bao chicken city in old storehouse area, 3.2 mu of Hongyang kiwi fruits in 2012 produce 8670kg of commercial fruits, the average selling price is 16.6 yuan/kg, the total income is 14.4 yuan, the high-quality commercial fruits 2710kg are produced per mu, and the income is 4.5 yuan. However, the single variety of the red-heart kiwi fruits is established to bear fruits for 2-3 years, the canker outbreak occurs, the area is reduced, and the yield is reduced.

However, even in the Shaanxi region where kiwi fruits intensively develop, the prevention and control of the diseases and insect pests of kiwi fruits are still very troublesome, and the quality and the benefit of the kiwi fruits cannot be guaranteed. At present, most of kiwi fruit orchard planting methods are single variety planting, and different variety partitions are formed. The single variety planting is easy to cause the same type of plant diseases and insect pests, and particularly when canker occurs, the single variety planting often causes the destruction of a whole orchard, so that the yield and the fruit quality of the orchard are greatly reduced, and the economic benefit of the orchard is seriously influenced. Therefore, the selection of a new orchard establishment and a cultivation management method thereof is particularly important for the problems of kiwifruit canker outbreak and orchard yield reduction.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating Chinese-style and delicious-style kiwifruits in a mixed manner, and mainly solves the problems of weak disease and pest resistance, low yield and low benefit of a single variety in the existing kiwifruit planting technology.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for mixed cultivation of Chinese-line and delicious-line kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a field:

selecting a leeward area with the annual average temperature of 12-16 ℃, the effective accumulated temperature of more than 8 ℃ of 2500-3000 ℃, and the frost-free period of more than 210 days, wherein the area is provided with proper water supply and drainage facilities, the soil is loose and fertile, the neutral or slightly acidic light soil, medium soil or sandy soil, and the pH value of the soil is between 5.5 and 7.5;

2) planting the stems in the whole field:

deeply turning or ditching the land mass, wherein the width and the depth of the ditch are 1m, every 4m is one, surface soil and bottom soil are separately piled and placed, 5000kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu during deep turning or ditching, carbendazim and crushed straw stalks are matched, the surface soil is firstly backfilled in the ditch, then the bottom soil is backfilled, and water is poured for separating soil moisture;

a T-shaped frame, an n-shaped frame or a greenhouse frame is built on the upper part of the finished land, the distance between the T-shaped frame and the n-shaped frame and the longitudinal frame rod of the greenhouse frame is 6m, the steel wires are longitudinally straightened, and the transverse distance is 4 m;

3) and (3) strengthening seedling and planting of finished products:

selecting finished strong seedlings of Chinese-style and delicious-style kiwi fruits which are developed in root system, strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests, planting one finished seedling every 1.5m, planting according to the sequence of Chinese-style, delicious-Chinese-style and delicious-style, and the row spacing of the finished seedlings is 1.5m multiplied by 4 m;

selecting a planting point before planting, putting the selected seedling in the middle of a planting hole, uniformly scattering soil and compacting to enable a root system to be unfolded and tightly combined with the soil, enabling the root part to be flush with the ground by depth, watering in time after planting, and hoeing and loosening the soil when the soil is hardened;

4) male and female plant matching proportion

Chinese pollination trees are prepared in an orchard, the matching ratio of male and female plants is 8:1, the Chinese pollination trees are uniformly dispersed in the orchard, after the bodies of the delicious kiwi fruits are formed, branches of the delicious kiwi fruits are grafted at a high position for pollination, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the full bearing period, and the fruit setting rate is ensured;

5) tree form cultivation

The delicious kiwi fruit adopts a single trunk and double main tendrils, and the Chinese kiwi fruit adopts a Y shape to shape the tree shape;

the method is characterized in that after the finished kiwi fruit seedlings with single trunk and double main vines are planted, the seedlings are bound on the inserted bamboo poles in the first year, the trunks of the seedlings are upright, field management in the seedling stage is enhanced, and the seedlings are shaded; in the second year, when the trunk grows to be close to the trellis surface, 2 main vines are reserved and grow to the two sides in the opposite direction along the longitudinal central steel wire respectively, and new tips sent by the main vines are pulled to the direction vertical to the steel wire;

the shape of the Chinese gooseberry is Y-shaped, and 1 strong bud is selected from the overground part as a main stem after the Chinese gooseberry finished seedlings are planted; in the first year, when the trunk grows to about 80cm, pinching to promote secondary young shoots, and selecting and reserving 4-8 branches from the branch to be used as main vine culture; in the second year, the main tendrils on the two sides grow in a Y shape to be close to the shed surface, the main tendrils are longitudinally guided to the steel wires from the two sides along the steel wires of the shed frame, the number of the main tendrils on the steel wires on the two sides is kept consistent, and new tips which are re-sent out on the main tendrils are pulled to the direction vertical to the steel wires;

6) scientific water and fertilizer management

The kiwi fruit has strict water requirement, and is watered at proper time, and the irrigation at the germination stage, the irrigation at the fruit expansion stage and the irrigation at the winter dormancy stage are particularly noticed;

applying enough base fertilizer in 10-11 months, applying about 25kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each kiwi fruit tree, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer as germination fertilizer before spring shoot germination, and applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to high fruit fertilizer after one month after blossom;

7) orchard management after orchard establishment

After 2 years of cultivation management, the appearance of the mixed-cultivation orchard is formed, 2 varieties of fruits are produced in 3 rd year, the cultivation management is carried out according to the growth period of the kiwi fruits every year, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in a matched mode during fertilization, so that organic fertilizers are added.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method has the advantages of reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of the kiwi fruits, promoting the yield increase of the kiwi fruits and improving the comprehensive benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of mixed cultivation of Chinese and delicious kiwi fruits for building garden seedlings;

FIG. 2 is a tree diagram of a single trunk and double main vines;

FIG. 3 is a "Y-shaped" tree diagram;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of mixed cultivation effect.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

A method for mixed cultivation and management of Chinese and delicious kiwi fruit comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a field:

selecting a region which is leeward, has the annual average temperature of 12-16 ℃, the effective accumulated temperature of more than 8 ℃ of 2500-3000 ℃ and the frost-free period of more than 210 days, and selecting a region which is provided with proper water supply and drainage facilities, loose and fertile soil, neutral or slightly acidic light soil, medium soil or sandy soil and has the pH value of 5.5-7.5.

2) Planting the stems in the whole field:

deeply turning or ditching the land mass, wherein the width and the depth of the ditch are 1m, every 4m is one, surface soil and bottom soil are separately piled and placed, 5000kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu during deep turning or ditching, carbendazim and crushed straw stalks are matched, the surface soil is firstly backfilled in the ditch, then the bottom soil is backfilled, and water is poured for separating soil moisture;

and a T-shaped frame, an n-shaped frame or a greenhouse frame is built on the upper part of the finished land. The distance between the T-shaped frame and the Pi-shaped frame and the longitudinal frame rod of the greenhouse frame is 6m, the steel wires are longitudinally straightened, and the transverse distance is 4 m.

3) And (3) strengthening seedling and planting of finished products:

selecting finished strong seedlings of Haiword and navel red which are developed in root systems, strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests, planting one finished seedling every 1.5m, and planting the finished seedlings according to the sequence of Haiword-navel red-Haiword-navel red.

Selecting a planting point before planting, placing the selected seedling in the middle of a planting hole, uniformly scattering soil and compacting, so that the root system is spread and tightly combined with the soil, and the root part is preferably flush with the ground by depth. After planting, watering in time, and hoeing and loosening the soil when paying attention to soil hardening.

4) Male and female plant matching proportion

The Havode pollinating trees are prepared in the orchard, the matching ratio of male and female plants is 8:1, and the male and female plants are uniformly dispersed in the orchard. The kiwi fruit can be pollinated by grafting branches of the male umbilical red plant after the tree body is formed. Artificial supplementary pollination should be carried out during the full bearing period to ensure the fruit setting rate.

5) Tree form cultivation

The Haiword kiwi adopts a single-trunk double-main-vine, and the navel red kiwi adopts a Y shape to shape the tree shape.

The tree type of 'single trunk and double main vines' is shown in figure 2, the nursery stock is bound on the inserted bamboo pole in the first year, so that the trunk of the nursery stock is upright, and the field management in the seedling stage is strengthened to shade the nursery stock. In the second year, when the trunk grows to be close to the trellis surface, 2 main vines are reserved and grow to the two sides in the opposite direction along the longitudinal central steel wire respectively, and the new tips of the main vines are pulled to the direction vertical to the steel wire.

The form of the Y-shaped tree is shown in figure 3, and after planting of the navel red finished seedlings, 1 strong bud is selected as a main trunk on the overground part. In the first year, when the trunk grows to about 80cm, pinching off the stem to promote secondary young shoots, and selecting and reserving 4-8 branches from the stem to be used as main vine culture. In the second year, the main tendrils on both sides grow in a Y shape to be close to the shed surface, and are longitudinally guided to the steel wires from both sides along the steel wires of the shed frame, and the number (2-4) of the main tendrils on the steel wires on both sides is kept consistent as much as possible. The new shoots re-issued from the main vines are pulled in a direction perpendicular to the steel wires.

6) Scientific water and fertilizer management

The kiwi fruit has strict water requirement and should be irrigated in time, and the irrigation in the germination stage, the irrigation in the fruit expansion stage and the irrigation in the winter dormancy stage are particularly noticed.

The fertilization needs to be carried out by applying enough base fertilizer, generally in 10-11 months, and about 25kg of decomposed organic fertilizer (sheep manure and cow manure) is applied to each kiwi fruit tree. The germination fertilizer before spring shoot germination (2-3 months) is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is added to the fruit-strengthening fertilizer after blossom withering for one month (5-6 months).

7) Orchard management after orchard establishment

Through 2 years of cultivation management, the mixed cultivation tree form is shown in figure 4, garden appearance of the mixed cultivation orchard is formed, 2 varieties of fruits are produced in 3 rd year, cultivation management is carried out according to the growth period of the kiwi fruits every year, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in a matched mode during fertilization, and organic fertilizers are added. The shaping of the orchard tree and the updating of bearing branches are carried out every year in winter.

The Changhou of Anjiazhuang village in Qian county desert west community, the Haohude navel red mixed cultivation is carried out in 5 mu orchard, the growth in seedling stage is strong, the tree vigor in fruiting stage is strong, the fruit quality is good, and farmers like to obtain good harvest year by year. The annual average income is about 3 ten thousand yuan more than that of the whole planted high-risk high-income red kiwi fruit, and the method is a good planting method for improving income and reducing the disease risk of the orchard.

The orchard is thick and strong in tree body and strong in disease resistance, so that pesticide spraying is reduced; after the orchard establishment, the pesticide is sprayed for 3-4 times all year round, each Chinese actinidia fruit plant bears 18-20 kg, each delicious actinidia fruit plant bears 36-40 kg, each mu bears 800-1000 kg of Chinese actinidia and 1800-2000 kg of delicious actinidia.

The following specific comparison between the mixed cultivation orchard of Chinese and delicious kiwi fruits and other common orchards is carried out, wherein the orchard establishment comparison is shown in table 1, and the fruit quality comparison is shown in table 2.

TABLE 1 Mixed plantation of Chinese and Umami kiwi fruit and several other common gardens for comparison

TABLE 2 fruit quality of Chinese and Umami Kiwi mixed plantation and other common plantation as follows

As can be seen from the above table, the mixed cultivation of Chinese and delicacy kiwi fruits improves the yield and quality.

Claims (1)

1. A method for building a Chinese and delicious kiwi mixed cultivation garden is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a field:

selecting a leeward area with the annual average temperature of 12-16 ℃, the effective accumulated temperature of more than 8 ℃ of 2500-3000 ℃, and the frost-free period of more than 210 days, wherein the area is provided with proper water supply and drainage facilities, the soil is loose and fertile, the neutral or slightly acidic light soil, medium soil or sandy soil, and the pH value of the soil is between 5.5 and 7.5;

2) planting the stems in the whole field:

deeply turning or ditching the land mass, wherein the width and the depth of the ditch are 1m, every 4m is one, surface soil and bottom soil are separately piled and placed, 5000kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu during deep turning or ditching, carbendazim and crushed straw stalks are matched, the surface soil is firstly backfilled in the ditch, then the bottom soil is backfilled, and water is poured for separating soil moisture;

a T-shaped frame, an n-shaped frame or a greenhouse frame is built on the upper part of the finished land, the distance between the T-shaped frame and the n-shaped frame and the longitudinal frame rod of the greenhouse frame is 6m, the steel wires are longitudinally straightened, and the transverse distance is 4 m;

3) and (3) strengthening seedling and planting of finished products:

selecting finished strong seedlings of Chinese-style and delicious-style kiwi fruits which are developed in root system, strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests, planting one finished seedling every 1.5m, planting according to the sequence of Chinese-style, delicious-Chinese-style and delicious-style, and the row spacing of the finished seedlings is 1.5m multiplied by 4 m;

selecting a planting point before planting, putting the selected seedling in the middle of a planting hole, uniformly scattering soil and compacting to enable a root system to be unfolded and tightly combined with the soil, enabling the root part to be flush with the ground by depth, watering in time after planting, and hoeing and loosening the soil when the soil is hardened;

4) male and female plant matching proportion

Chinese pollination trees are prepared in an orchard, the matching ratio of male and female plants is 8:1, the Chinese pollination trees are uniformly dispersed in the orchard, after the bodies of the delicious kiwi fruits are formed, branches of the delicious kiwi fruits are grafted at a high position for pollination, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the full bearing period, and the fruit setting rate is ensured;

5) tree form cultivation

The delicious kiwi fruit adopts a single trunk and double main tendrils, and the Chinese kiwi fruit adopts a Y shape to shape the tree shape;

the method is characterized in that after the finished kiwi fruit seedlings with single trunk and double main vines are planted, the seedlings are bound on the inserted bamboo poles in the first year, the trunks of the seedlings are upright, field management in the seedling stage is enhanced, and the seedlings are shaded; in the second year, when the trunk grows to be close to the trellis surface, 2 main vines are reserved and grow to the two sides in the opposite direction along the longitudinal central steel wire respectively, and new tips sent by the main vines are pulled to the direction vertical to the steel wire;

the shape of the Chinese gooseberry is Y-shaped, and 1 strong bud is selected from the overground part as a main stem after the Chinese gooseberry finished seedlings are planted; in the first year, when the trunk grows to about 80cm, pinching to promote secondary young shoots, and selecting and reserving 4-8 branches from the branch to be used as main vine culture; in the second year, the main tendrils on the two sides grow in a Y shape to be close to the shed surface, the main tendrils are longitudinally guided to the steel wires from the two sides along the steel wires of the shed frame, the number of the main tendrils on the steel wires on the two sides is kept consistent, and new tips which are re-sent out on the main tendrils are pulled to the direction vertical to the steel wires;

6) scientific water and fertilizer management

The kiwi fruit has strict water requirement, and is watered at proper time, and the irrigation at the germination stage, the irrigation at the fruit expansion stage and the irrigation at the winter dormancy stage are particularly noticed;

applying enough base fertilizer in 10-11 months, applying about 25kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each kiwi fruit tree, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer as germination fertilizer before spring shoot germination, and applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to high fruit fertilizer after one month after blossom;

7) orchard management after orchard establishment

After 2 years of cultivation management, the appearance of the mixed-cultivation orchard is formed, 2 varieties of fruits are produced in 3 rd year, the cultivation management is carried out according to the growth period of the kiwi fruits every year, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in a matched mode during fertilization, so that organic fertilizers are added.

Images