CN107810821B - Single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation method - Google Patents
Single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
A single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1) cultivating seedlings; 2) cultivating single-stem arbor trunks; 3) pruning a tree shape; 4) and (5) topdressing management. The advantages are that: the height of a 3-year-old chimonanthus nitens plant subjected to modeling and pruning is increased by more than 25.53%, the height under branches is increased by more than 365.11%, the ground diameter of a main trunk is increased by 37.36% -194.40%, and the crown width is reduced by 26.91%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating single-stem vigorous nursery stocks, in particular to a method for cultivating single-stem vigorous wintersweet in a modeling manner, and belongs to the technical field of flower and tree modeling cultivation.
Background
Chimonanthus praecoxChimonanthus praecoxIs a plant of Calycanthaceae Calycaceae Calycanthus, and is one of the unique and rare ornamental flowers and trees in China. Since Tang and Song dynasties, Chimonanthus nitens began to be artificially planted, and the cultivation of Chimonanthus nitens has been over 1000 years.
The waxberry has unique color, fragrant flower taste, beautiful flower appearance, more gardening shapes, good color, fragrance and shape, and the characteristic of blooming in winter, thereby bringing beauty and vitality to the garden landscape in winter which is dull and lack of vitality. The application of the wintersweet breaks through the traditional mode of three-season flowering and four-season evergreen in urban greening, creates a beautiful, active and real four-season plant landscape, and is more and more valued by garden designers. The wintersweet is widely cultivated in China, has strong adaptability, and has important practical significance for the wintersweet garden application by carrying out the research and development of application technology.
At present, no single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation technology exists at home and abroad, the single-stem vigorous wintersweet is unique in shape, noble, elegant and well-arranged, is novel in visual effect, not only retains the advantages of strong fragrance, long flowering period and the like of the wintersweet, but also has more novel ornamental characteristics, research and development of the single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation method improves ornamental value, enriches the garden application modes of the wintersweet, can effectively promote the commercial development and utilization of the wintersweet, and promotes the conversion of the resource advantages of the wintersweet in China to the industrial advantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for cultivating a single-stem vigorous wintersweet model.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) cultivating seedlings;
2) cultivating single-stem arbor:
firstly, timely removing the tillering branches at the base of the seedling to ensure the single trunk growth of the plant;
secondly, transplanting and planting the single dry wintersweet seedlings for the second time;
thirdly, fixing the trunk in time after the second planting to ensure the lower height of the trunk and the branches;
3) pruning the tree shape:
firstly, shaping, trimming and cultivating a trunk and a first-level main branch for the first time;
secondly, continuously cultivating the main trunk, the main branches and the auxiliary main branches through second shaping and pruning;
thirdly, shaping, trimming and cultivating the extended trunk and the auxiliary main branches for the third time;
fourthly, shaping, pruning and cultivating the flowering branch group;
4) and (5) topdressing management.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
1) cultivating seedlings; soaking plump wintersweet seeds in warm water for 12 h in 2-3 months of the first year, after the plump wintersweet seeds are fully absorbed and expanded, sowing the plump wintersweet seeds in a seedling bed with good permeability in a row mode, transplanting the plump wintersweet seeds for field culture when the germinated seedlings of the seeds grow 4-5 true leaves and 6-8 cm high, transplanting the plump wintersweet seeds for the first time, wherein the row spacing of the planted plump wintersweet seeds is 20cm multiplied by 30 cm, keeping the root system intact during transplanting, watering root fixing water once after planting, performing soil preparation before field transplanting, applying sufficient thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, making a furrow with the width of 120-150 cm, and opening a deep groove with the width of 30 cm around;
2) cultivating single-stem arbor:
inserting a long bamboo pole at a position 5-8 cm away from the root and stem of a seedling in 6-8 months of the first year, binding the long bamboo pole on the bamboo pole by using a rope at the position 2/3 of the seedling, carrying out main stem shaping cultivation, removing sprout and lateral branches in time after the top bud of a seedling plant shoots, removing sprout at the base part of the seedling in time during the whole main stem shaping cultivation period, and ensuring the single-stem growth of the plant;
secondly, transplanting and field planting single-dry wintersweet seedlings for the second time within 2-3 months of the second year, applying 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (mass ratio is 1: 1) and 10-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu of field before field transplanting so as to ensure that the seedlings can grow rapidly, wherein the row spacing of planted plants is 60cm multiplied by 100cm, keeping the root system and the trunk intact during transplanting, and watering root fixing water once after planting;
thirdly, after the second planting, timely fixing the trunk, wherein the height of the fixed trunk is 120-150 cm; cutting the seedling with the height of less than 120cm, selecting 1 bud as a main stem for culture, pinching to promote sprouting on the spot when the seedling grows to 120cm, and ensuring the height of the main stem under the branches;
3) pruning the tree shape:
firstly, shaping, trimming and cultivating a trunk and a first-level main branch: selecting and reserving a branch as a main trunk in 6-7 months of the next year, and timely removing the tillering branches and side branches of the main trunk; selecting and reserving 3-4 branches as a first layer of main branches, pinching when the main branches grow to 60cm, promoting multiple branches, culturing auxiliary main branches, and selecting and reserving 2-3 auxiliary main branches for each main branch;
secondly, trimming and continuously cultivating the main trunk, the main branches and the auxiliary main branches: the method is carried out in 9-10 months of the second year, pinching is carried out when a new trunk grows to 80-120 cm, new branches are promoted, 1 robust branch is selected from the new trunk to culture an extended trunk and 2-3 robust branches to culture a second layer of main branches, and the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 80-100 cm; controlling the included angle between the main branches of the first layer and the main trunk to be 50-70 degrees by using a movable rope, and controlling the included angle between the main branches to keep the development of the main branches in the relative balanced space direction, wherein if the included angle is 3 main branches, the included angle between the main branches is 120 degrees;
thirdly, shaping, trimming, cultivating and extending the main trunk and the auxiliary main branches: culturing 1-2 third-layer main branches on the extended trunk in 3-4 months of the third year, wherein the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60-80 cm; pruning the main branches for the second time, pruning when the trunk grows to 60-80 cm, and if the length is less than 60cm, pruning 1/4-1/3 at the upper parts of the branches to promote branching; shearing off overlapped branches, drooping branches and weak branches;
fourthly, pruning and cultivating the flowering branch group for the third time: repeatedly pinching the auxiliary main branches to control the growth vigor and promote multiple branches in 6-8 months in the third year, and pinching before 8 middle ten days in the third month can still promote the formation of flower buds in the current year and promote the blooming of young trees; during the whole tree-shaped modeling period, the shoot at the root and stem of the plant is removed in time, and the single trunk growth of the plant is ensured;
4) and (3) topdressing management:
4-8 months, weeding and applying thin fertilizer once every 30-40 days, and applying 5-8 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1 per mu to promote the rapid growth of plants; 10 kg-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied once in the middle ten days of 9 months, and the mass ratio is 1:1, so that the branch filling and flower bud differentiation are promoted.
Further, in the step 1), the sowing time of the wintersweet seeds is 2-3 months, the seeds are subjected to warm water soaking for 12 hours before sowing, and a sowing substrate is peat and perlite according to a volume ratio of 2: 1, the sowing mode is drill sowing; fully preparing soil before the first transplantation of the field, applying 1000 kg-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 30 kg-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers to each mu of land to prepare ridges with the width of 120 cm-150 cm, and forming deep grooves on the periphery of the ridges; the first transplanting time of the seedlings is 40-60 days after sowing, the seedlings are transplanted to a field for cultivation when the seedlings grow to have 4-5 true leaves and the height of the seedlings is 6-8 cm, and the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 20cm multiplied by 30 cm.
Further, in the step 2), during the cultivation of the single trunk arbor, during the whole trunk shaping cultivation period, the sprout and lateral branches are removed in time after the seedling plant performs terminal bud and shoot, the sprout at the seedling base is removed in time, and the single trunk growth of the plant is ensured; before the second transplanting, 1000 kg-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg-30 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied to each mu, the mass ratio is 1:1, and 10 kg-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; carrying out secondary transplanting on the single-dry wintersweet seedlings, wherein the transplanting time is 2-3 months in the second year, the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 60cm multiplied by 100cm, the roots and the trunks are kept intact during transplanting, and primary root fixing water is poured after planting; the fixed dry height after transplanting is 120 cm-150 cm; cutting the seedling with the height less than 120cm, selecting 1 bud as main stem for culturing, pinching to promote sprouting when the seedling grows to 120cm, and ensuring the height of the main stem under the branches.
Further, in the step 3), the time for the first shaping and trimming is 6-7 months in the second year, one branch is selected as a main trunk, and the tiller and the lateral branch on the main trunk are removed in time; selecting and reserving 3-4 branches as a first layer of main branches, pinching when the main branches grow to 60cm, promoting multiple branches, culturing auxiliary main branches, and selecting and reserving 2-3 auxiliary main branches for each main branch; the second shaping and pruning is carried out for 9-10 months in the second year, pinching is carried out when the trunk grows to 80-120 cm, new branches are promoted, 1 robust branch is selected to culture an extended trunk and 2-3 robust branches are selected to culture a second layer of main branches, and the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 80-100 cm; controlling the included angle between the main branches of the first layer and the main trunk to be 50-70 degrees by using a movable rope, and controlling the included angle between the main branches to keep the development of the main branches in the relative balanced space direction, wherein if the included angle is 3 main branches, the included angle between the main branches is 120 degrees; the third shaping and pruning is carried out for 3-4 months in the third year, 1-2 third-layer main branches are cultured on the extended trunk, and the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60-80 cm; pruning the main branches for the second time, pruning when the trunk grows to 60-80 cm, and if the length is less than 60cm, pruning 1/4-1/3 at the upper parts of the branches to promote branching; shearing off overlapped branches, drooping branches and weak branches; the fourth pruning is carried out in 6-8 months of the third year, the secondary main branches are repeatedly pinched to control the growth vigor and promote multiple branches, and pinching before the middle ten days of 8 months can still promote the formation of flower buds in the current year and promote the blooming of the saplings.
Further, in the step 4), topdressing management is carried out for 4-8 months, thin fertilizer is applied once every 30-40 days by combining weeding, 5-8 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied per mu in a mass ratio of 1:1, so as to promote the rapid growth of plants; 10 kg-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied once in the middle ten days of 9 months, and the mass ratio is 1:1, so that the branch filling and flower bud differentiation are promoted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the period from seed sowing to single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation lasts 3 years, the method is used for 4 times of shaping and pruning from the second year to the third year, the wintersweet seedlings are cultivated into the wintersweet seedlings with the height of more than 4.2 m, the height of the branch of more than 1.2m, the ground diameter of the stem of 2.50 cm-3.68 cm, the crown width of 2.05 m multiplied by 2.92 m, the flowering branch ratio of the plants of 48.6 percent, compared with the prior art, the height of a 3-year-old waxberry plant subjected to modeling pruning is increased by 25.53% or more, the height under branches is increased by 365.11% or more, the ground diameter of a main trunk is increased by 37.36-194.40%, the crown width is reduced by 26.91%, the flowering branch ratio of the plant is increased by 18.40-115.10%, the cluster growth of the original waxberry is changed, the characteristic of an independent main trunk is not existed, the waxberry plant grows into a small tree with an independent main trunk, the tree form is more compact and symmetrical, the flower branches are luxuriant, the ornamental effect is obviously improved, the garden application mode of the existing waxberry is enriched, and the product competitiveness is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Embodiment 1, a method for cultivating a single-stem arbor wintersweet in a modeling manner, comprising the following steps:
1) cultivating seedlings;
2) cultivating single-stem arbor:
firstly, timely removing the tillering branches at the base of the seedling to ensure the single trunk growth of the plant;
secondly, transplanting and planting the single dry wintersweet seedlings for the second time;
thirdly, fixing the trunk in time after the second planting to ensure the lower height of the trunk and the branches;
3) pruning the tree shape:
firstly, shaping, trimming and cultivating a trunk and a first-level main branch for the first time;
secondly, continuously cultivating the main trunk, the main branches and the auxiliary main branches through second shaping and pruning;
thirdly, shaping, trimming and cultivating the extended trunk and the auxiliary main branches for the third time;
fourthly, shaping, pruning and cultivating the flowering branch group;
4) and (5) topdressing management.
A single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) cultivating seedlings; soaking plump wintersweet seeds in warm water for 12 h in 2-3 months of the first year, after the plump wintersweet seeds are fully absorbed and expanded, sowing the plump wintersweet seeds in a seedling bed with good permeability in a row mode, transplanting the plump wintersweet seeds for field culture when the germinated seedlings of the seeds grow 4-5 true leaves and 6-8 cm high, transplanting the plump wintersweet seeds for the first time, wherein the row spacing of the planted plump wintersweet seeds is 20cm multiplied by 30 cm, keeping the root system intact during transplanting, watering root fixing water once after planting, performing soil preparation before field transplanting, applying sufficient thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, making a furrow with the width of 120-150 cm, and opening a deep groove with the width of 30 cm around;
2) cultivating single-stem arbor:
inserting a long bamboo pole at a position 5-8 cm away from the root and stem of a seedling in 6-8 months of the first year, binding the long bamboo pole on the bamboo pole by using a rope at the position 2/3 of the seedling, carrying out main stem shaping cultivation, removing sprout and lateral branches in time after the top bud of a seedling plant shoots, removing sprout at the base part of the seedling in time during the whole main stem shaping cultivation period, and ensuring the single-stem growth of the plant;
secondly, transplanting and field planting single-dry wintersweet seedlings for the second time within 2-3 months of the second year, applying 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (mass ratio is 1: 1) and 10-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu of field before field transplanting so as to ensure that the seedlings can grow rapidly, wherein the row spacing of planted plants is 60cm multiplied by 100cm, keeping the root system and the trunk intact during transplanting, and watering root fixing water once after planting;
thirdly, after the second planting, timely fixing the trunk, wherein the height of the fixed trunk is 120-150 cm; cutting the seedling with the height of less than 120cm, selecting 1 bud as a main stem for culture, pinching to promote sprouting on the spot when the seedling grows to 120cm, and ensuring the height of the main stem under the branches;
3) pruning the tree shape:
firstly, shaping, trimming and cultivating a trunk and a first-level main branch: selecting and reserving a branch as a main trunk in 6-7 months of the next year, and timely removing the tillering branches and side branches of the main trunk; selecting and reserving 3-4 branches as a first layer of main branches, pinching when the main branches grow to 60cm, promoting multiple branches, culturing auxiliary main branches, and selecting and reserving 2-3 auxiliary main branches for each main branch;
secondly, trimming and continuously cultivating the main trunk, the main branches and the auxiliary main branches: the method is carried out in 9-10 months of the second year, pinching is carried out when a new trunk grows to 80-120 cm, new branches are promoted, 1 robust branch is selected from the new trunk to culture an extended trunk and 2-3 robust branches to culture a second layer of main branches, and the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 80-100 cm; controlling the included angle between the main branches of the first layer and the main trunk to be 50-70 degrees by using a movable rope, and controlling the included angle between the main branches to keep the development of the main branches in the relative balanced space direction, wherein if the included angle is 3 main branches, the included angle between the main branches is 120 degrees;
thirdly, shaping, trimming, cultivating and extending the main trunk and the auxiliary main branches: culturing 1-2 third-layer main branches on the extended trunk in 3-4 months of the third year, wherein the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60-80 cm; pruning the main branches for the second time, pruning when the trunk grows to 60-80 cm, and if the length is less than 60cm, pruning 1/4-1/3 at the upper parts of the branches to promote branching; shearing off overlapped branches, drooping branches and weak branches;
fourthly, pruning and cultivating the flowering branch group for the third time: repeatedly pinching the auxiliary main branches to control the growth vigor and promote multiple branches in 6-8 months in the third year, and pinching before 8 middle ten days in the third month can still promote the formation of flower buds in the current year and promote the blooming of young trees; during the whole tree-shaped modeling period, the shoot at the root and stem of the plant is removed in time, and the single trunk growth of the plant is ensured;
4) and (3) topdressing management:
4-8 months, weeding and applying thin fertilizer once every 30-40 days, and applying 5-8 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1 per mu to promote the rapid growth of plants; 10 kg-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied once in the middle ten days of 9 months, and the mass ratio is 1:1, so that the branch filling and flower bud differentiation are promoted.
In the step 1), the sowing time of the wintersweet seeds is 2-3 months, the seeds are subjected to warm water soaking for 12 hours before sowing, and a sowing medium is peat and perlite according to a volume ratio of 2: 1, the sowing mode is drill sowing; fully preparing soil before the first transplantation of the field, applying 1000 kg-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 30 kg-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers to each mu of land to prepare ridges with the width of 120 cm-150 cm, and forming deep grooves on the periphery of the ridges; the first transplanting time of the seedlings is 40-60 days after sowing, the seedlings are transplanted to a field for cultivation when the seedlings grow to have 4-5 true leaves and the height of the seedlings is 6-8 cm, and the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 20cm multiplied by 30 cm.
In the step 2), during the cultivation of the single-stem vigorous trunk and during the whole trunk shaping cultivation period, timely removing the sprout and lateral branch after the terminal bud of the seedling plant shoots, timely removing the sprout at the base of the seedling, and ensuring the growth of the single stem of the plant; before the second transplanting, 1000 kg-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg-30 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied to each mu, the mass ratio is 1:1, and 10 kg-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; carrying out secondary transplanting on the single-dry wintersweet seedlings, wherein the transplanting time is 2-3 months in the second year, the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 60cm multiplied by 100cm, the roots and the trunks are kept intact during transplanting, and primary root fixing water is poured after planting; the fixed dry height after transplanting is 120 cm-150 cm; cutting the seedling with the height less than 120cm, selecting 1 bud as main stem for culturing, pinching to promote sprouting when the seedling grows to 120cm, and ensuring the height of the main stem under the branches.
In the step 3), the time for the first shaping and pruning is 6-7 months in the second year, one branch is selected and reserved as a main trunk, and the tillering and the lateral branches on the main trunk are removed in time; selecting and reserving 3-4 branches as a first layer of main branches, pinching when the main branches grow to 60cm, promoting multiple branches, culturing auxiliary main branches, and selecting and reserving 2-3 auxiliary main branches for each main branch; the second shaping and pruning is carried out for 9-10 months in the second year, pinching is carried out when the trunk grows to 80-120 cm, new branches are promoted, 1 robust branch is selected to culture an extended trunk and 2-3 robust branches are selected to culture a second layer of main branches, and the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 80-100 cm; controlling the included angle between the main branches of the first layer and the main trunk to be 50-70 degrees by using a movable rope, and controlling the included angle between the main branches to keep the development of the main branches in the relative balanced space direction, wherein if the included angle is 3 main branches, the included angle between the main branches is 120 degrees; the third shaping and pruning is carried out for 3-4 months in the third year, 1-2 third-layer main branches are cultured on the extended trunk, and the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60-80 cm; pruning the main branches for the second time, pruning when the trunk grows to 60-80 cm, and if the length is less than 60cm, pruning 1/4-1/3 at the upper parts of the branches to promote branching; shearing off overlapped branches, drooping branches and weak branches; the fourth pruning is carried out in 6-8 months of the third year, the secondary main branches are repeatedly pinched to control the growth vigor and promote multiple branches, and pinching before the middle ten days of 8 months can still promote the formation of flower buds in the current year and promote the blooming of the saplings.
In the step 4), topdressing management is carried out for 4-8 months, thin fertilizer is applied once every 30-40 days by combining weeding, 5-8 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied per mu in a mass ratio of 1:1, so as to promote the rapid growth of plants; 10 kg-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied once in the middle ten days of 9 months, and the mass ratio is 1:1, so that the branch filling and flower bud differentiation are promoted.
Embodiment 2, a method for cultivating a single-stem arbor wintersweet in a modeling manner, comprising the following steps:
1) in 2015, the plump seeds are soaked in warm water for 12 h at the end of 2 months (the first year), and after the seeds are fully swelled, the seeds are sowed on peat and perlite (volume ratio 2: 1) the mixed matrix is planted to a field for cultivation after 40-60 days after the seeds germinate, 4-5 true leaves grow out from seedlings and the seedlings are 6-8 cm high, 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 30-40 kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer are applied to each mu of field as base fertilizers before the field is transplanted, so that the seedlings can grow rapidly, the field is made into furrows 120-150 cm wide, deep ditches 30 cm in length are arranged around the field, the row spacing of transplanted plants is 20cm multiplied by 30 cm, the roots are kept intact during transplanting, and once root fixing water is poured after the transplanting;
single stem vigorous plant cultivation
Inserting a long bamboo pole at a position 5-8 cm away from the root and stem of a seedling in 6-8 months of the first year, binding the long bamboo pole on the bamboo pole by using a rope at the position 2/3 of the seedling, carrying out main stem shaping cultivation, removing sprout and lateral branches in time after the top bud of the seedling shoots and shoots, removing sprout at the base of the seedling in time during the whole main stem shaping cultivation period, and ensuring the growth of a single stem of the plant;
secondly, transplanting and field planting single-dry wintersweet seedlings for the second time within 2-3 months of the second year, applying 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (mass ratio is 1: 1) and 10-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu of field before field transplanting so as to ensure that the seedlings can grow rapidly, wherein the row spacing of planted plants is 60cm multiplied by 100cm, keeping the root system and the trunk intact during transplanting, and watering root fixing water once after planting;
thirdly, after the second planting, timely fixing the trunk, wherein the height of the fixed trunk is 120-150 cm; cutting the seedling with the height of less than 120cm, selecting 1 bud as a main stem for culture, pinching to promote sprouting on the spot when the seedling grows to 120cm, and ensuring the height of the main stem under the branches;
3) tree-shaped modeling pruning
Firstly, shaping, trimming and cultivating a trunk and a first-level main branch: selecting and reserving a branch as a main trunk in 6-7 months of the next year, and timely removing the tillering branches and side branches of the main trunk; selecting and reserving 3-4 branches as a first layer of main branches, pinching when the main branches grow to 60cm, promoting multiple branches, culturing auxiliary main branches, and selecting and reserving 2-3 auxiliary main branches for each main branch;
secondly, trimming and continuously cultivating the main trunk, the main branches and the auxiliary main branches: the method is carried out in 9-10 months of the second year, pinching is carried out when a new trunk grows to 80-120 cm, new branches are promoted, 1 robust branch is selected from the new trunk to culture an extended trunk and 2-3 robust branches to culture a second layer of main branches, and the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 80-100 cm; controlling the included angle between the main branches of the first layer and the main trunk to be 50-70 degrees by using a movable rope, and controlling the included angle between the main branches to keep the development of the main branches in the relative balanced space direction, wherein if the included angle is 3 main branches, the included angle between the main branches is 120 degrees;
thirdly, shaping, trimming, cultivating and extending the main trunk and the auxiliary main branches: culturing 1-2 third-layer main branches on the extended trunk in 3-4 months of the third year, wherein the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60-80 cm; pruning the main branches for the second time, pruning when the trunk grows to 60-80 cm, and if the length is less than 60cm, pruning 1/4-1/3 at the upper parts of the branches to promote branching; shearing off overlapped branches, drooping branches and weak branches;
fourthly, pruning and cultivating the flowering branch group for the third time: repeatedly pinching the auxiliary main branches to control the growth vigor and promote multiple branches in 6-8 months in the third year, and pinching before 8 middle ten days in the third month can still promote the formation of flower buds in the current year and promote the blooming of young trees; during the whole tree-shaped modeling period, the shoot at the root and stem of the plant is removed in time, and the single trunk growth of the plant is ensured;
4) top application management
Applying thin fertilizer every 30-40 days for 4-8 months, and applying 5-8 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (mass ratio is 1: 1) per mu to promote the rapid growth of plants; 10 kg-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (mass ratio is 1: 1) are applied once in the middle of 9 months to promote branch filling and flower bud differentiation.
By comparing the growth characteristics of the 3-year-old chimonanthus nitens cultured in the embodiment 2 with the growth characteristics of the 3-year-old chimonanthus nitens cultured in the non-modeling pruning control (table 1), the chimonanthus nites cultured in the embodiment 2 are greatly changed, the height of the chimonanthus nitens is more than 4.2 m, the height of the branches is more than 1.2m, the ground diameter of the main trunk is 2.50 cm-3.68 cm, the crown width is 2.05 m × 2.92 m, and the flowering branch ratio of the chimonanthus nites is 48.6%.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 comparison table of growth indexes of 3-year-old Chimonanthus nitens cultivated in a molding manner and cultivated in an unmolded manner
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A single-stem vigorous wintersweet modeling cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) soaking plump seeds in warm water for 12 hours in the first year, after the plump seeds are fully absorbed and expanded, sowing the seeds in a row on a peat and perlite mixed matrix, planting the seeds in a field for 40-60 days after the seeds germinate, planting the seedlings to the field for culture when 4-5 true leaves grow and the seedlings are 6-8 cm high, completely preparing the land before transplanting the field, applying 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 30-40 kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers to each mu of land to ensure that the seedlings can quickly grow, making the field into furrows with the width of 120-150 cm, forming deep grooves with the depth of 30 cm around the land, setting the row spacing of transplanted plants to be 20cm multiplied by 30 cm, keeping the root system intact during transplanting, and watering root fixing water once after planting;
single stem vigorous plant cultivation
Inserting a long bamboo pole at a position 5-8 cm away from the root and stem of a seedling in 6-8 months of the first year, binding the long bamboo pole on the bamboo pole by using a rope at the position 2/3 of the seedling, carrying out main stem shaping cultivation, removing sprout and lateral branches in time after the top bud of the seedling shoots and shoots, removing sprout at the base of the seedling in time during the whole main stem shaping cultivation period, and ensuring the growth of a single stem of the plant;
secondly, transplanting and field planting single-dry wintersweet seedlings for the second time in 2-3 months of the second year, applying 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 10-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu of field before field transplanting so as to ensure that the seedlings can grow rapidly, wherein the row spacing of planted plants is 60cm multiplied by 100cm, keeping root systems and trunks intact during transplanting, and watering once root fixing water after planting;
thirdly, after the second planting, timely fixing the trunk, wherein the height of the fixed trunk is 120-150 cm; cutting the seedling with the height of less than 120cm, selecting 1 bud as a main stem for culture, pinching to promote sprouting on the spot when the seedling grows to 120cm, and ensuring the height of the main stem under the branches;
3) tree-shaped modeling pruning
Firstly, shaping, trimming and cultivating a trunk and a first-level main branch: selecting and reserving a branch as a main trunk in 6-7 months of the next year, and timely removing the tillering branches and side branches of the main trunk; selecting and reserving 3-4 branches as a first layer of main branches, pinching when the main branches grow to 60cm, promoting multiple branches, culturing auxiliary main branches, and selecting and reserving 2-3 auxiliary main branches for each main branch;
secondly, trimming and continuously cultivating the main trunk, the main branches and the auxiliary main branches: the method is carried out in 9-10 months of the second year, pinching is carried out when a new trunk grows to 80-120 cm, new branches are promoted, 1 robust branch is selected from the new trunk to culture an extended trunk and 2-3 robust branches to culture a second layer of main branches, and the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 80-100 cm; controlling the included angle between the main branches of the first layer and the main trunk to be 50-70 degrees by using a movable rope, and controlling the included angle between the main branches to keep the development of the main branches in the relative balanced space direction, wherein if the included angle is 3 main branches, the included angle between the main branches is 120 degrees;
thirdly, shaping, trimming, cultivating and extending the main trunk and the auxiliary main branches: culturing 1-2 third-layer main branches on the extended trunk in 3-4 months of the third year, wherein the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60-80 cm; pruning the main branches for the second time, pruning when the trunk grows to 60-80 cm, and if the length is less than 60cm, pruning 1/4-1/3 at the upper parts of the branches to promote branching; shearing off overlapped branches, drooping branches and weak branches;
fourthly, pruning and cultivating the flowering branch group for the third time: repeatedly pinching the auxiliary main branches to control the growth vigor and promote multiple branches in 6-8 months in the third year, and pinching before 8 middle ten days in the third month can still promote the formation of flower buds in the current year and promote the blooming of young trees; during the whole tree-shaped modeling period, the shoot at the root and stem of the plant is removed in time, and the single trunk growth of the plant is ensured;
4) top application management
Applying thin fertilizer every 30-40 days for 4-8 months, and applying 5-8 kg of urea and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu to promote the rapid growth of plants; 10 kg-20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and NPK15-15-15 potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are applied once in the middle ten days of 9 months to promote branch filling and flower bud differentiation; the growth character of the cultivated 3-year-old Chimonanthus praecox plant is compared with that of a control 3-year-old Chimonanthus praecox plant without modeling and pruning: the height of the cultivated chimonanthus nitens is more than 4.2 m, the height of the under-branches is more than 1.2m, the ground diameter of the main trunk is 2.50 cm-3.68 cm, the crown width is 2.05 m multiplied by 2.92 m, the flowering branch ratio of the plant is 48.6%, compared with the contrast, the height is increased by more than 25.53%, the under-branch height is increased by 365.11%, the ground diameter of the main trunk is increased by 37.36% -194.40%, the crown width is reduced by 26.91%, and the flowering branch ratio of the plant is increased by 18.40% -115.10%.
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