CN103404339B - Chinese rose bonsai cultivation method - Google Patents
Chinese rose bonsai cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404339B CN103404339B CN201310336179.3A CN201310336179A CN103404339B CN 103404339 B CN103404339 B CN 103404339B CN 201310336179 A CN201310336179 A CN 201310336179A CN 103404339 B CN103404339 B CN 103404339B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of gardening and planting, and particularly relates to a Chinese rose bonsai cultivation method. The method includes the following steps of preparation of fertilizer and water, preparation of cultivating soil, selection of seedlings, cultivation of Chinese roses at an early stage, rejuvenation and cultivation of the Chinese roses, lifting of roots, replacing trunks by roots and shallow-pot cultivation. By the method, Chinese rose bonsais in different shapes can be cultivated, crowns of the bonsais are cloud-shaped, chapped branches and trunks appear to be quite old, and a style of old trees with new flowers can be presented; people can appreciate different presentation forms of the Chinese rose bonsais, in other words, people can appreciate buds in spring, flowers in summer and branches in winter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to horticultural gardening field, be specifically related to a kind of breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape.
Background technology
Potted landscape is the art work that shows natural landscape in basin, in potted plant and reward stone foundation, grows up.Potted landscape is the ingenious combination of plant cultivation technology and Modeling Technology, and it is with materials such as plant, mountain stones, through art processing, plants or is arranged in basin, imitates a kind of stuff of the Nature fine view; It is the crystallization of culture technique and Modeling Technology art, is also the combination of natural beauty and artistic beauty.
Chinese rose, is called as and spends middle queen, and be called again Chinese rose, catharanthus roseus, victory spring, thin visitor, struggle against blood redly etc., be rose family gul.By the definition of 1966 of U.S. Chinese rose association, 1867 the fragrant Chinese rose of first hybrid tea (la France) occur that later Breeds is called modern Chinese rose, and kind before 1867 is referred to as ancient Chinese rose.What for the production of gardens, cut-flower, apply now is modern Chinese rose mostly.China Chinese rose association science and technology group is for " " rectification of name, " Chinese rose " is the modern Chinese rose of general reference to Chinese rose.
Chinese rose is evergreen or half evergreen low brushwood, and it is red that flower mostly is, and even adularescent, can do ornamental plants, also can make medicinal plant.The Chinese rose nature florescence is 5 to November, spends large-scalely, has fragrance, is widely used in horticultural gardening and cut-flower.China rose kind mainly contain Chinese rose of cut flower, edible rose, liana Chinese rose, by Chinese rose etc.China rose, in afforestation, has indispensable value, and Chinese rose, in gardens, north and south, is to use maximum a kind of flowers, and its florescence is long, and ornamental value is high, cheap, is subject to liking of gardens, various places.
The cultivating process of existing Chinese rose potted landscape, need regularly fertilising, overfertilization or very fewly all the growth on Chinese rose is brought to adverse effect, the amount of fertilising is difficult for controlling, and artificial trace is too many, with the wayward coordination of cultivating process of root Dai Gan, nutrition supply is difficult for concentrating, and is also difficult to turn out the potted landscape of cloud sheet shape different-style.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the cultivating process of existing Chinese rose potted landscape, fertilizing amount is difficult to control, artificial trace is too many, and the wayward coordination of cultivating process with root Dai Gan, nutrition supply is not concentrated, also be difficult for turning out the shortcomings such as potted landscape of cloud sheet shape different-style, the invention provides a kind of breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape.Utilize the method, can cultivate difform Chinese rose potted landscape, its limb of being chapped from the cold seems very aged, can embody the style that a kind of veteran is newly spent again, and Chinese rose potted landscape can watch different apparent forms the whole year simultaneously, be to see tooth spring, Xia Qiuguan flower, the winter is seen cold branch.
A breeding method for Chinese rose potted landscape, its step is as follows:
1) configuration rich water adds the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the water that dries in the air, and is configured to rich water; The described water that dries in the air is that water is placed in to airing under daylight, to increase water temperature and microbe composition; The water that wherein dries in the air is 100:0.2-2 with the weight ratio of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed; In water, add fertilizer, can be when watering to Chinese rose, also applied fertilizer simultaneously, removed from and applied separately this step operation of fertilizer, because fertilizer is dissolved in water equably, also avoided causing plant nutrition skewness because applying fertilizer inequality, in addition simultaneously, because of in advance, according to a certain amount of rich water configuring, also avoided because of overfertilization or the very few adverse effect of bringing to the growth of plant;
2) configuration compost: be that 2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 is formulated according to umber ratio by corruption soil, garden mould, sand; Described sand permeability is strong, and ventilation is good, and organic matter decomposition is fast, and the suitable cultivated phase is long, Yi Limiao;
3) select nursery stock: select the nursery stock of small-sized and/or miniature Chinese rose for cultivating; Small-sized and/or miniature China rose polychrome is gorgeous, and blade profile is little, resistance to pruning, and internode is short, and germination rate is high;
4) the Chinese rose initial stage cultivates: the Chinese rose nursery stock that step 3) is chosen carries out initial stage cultivation; Cultivating the nursery stock initial stage, be not exposed to the sun, note sheltering from heat or light, and carry out thin fertile duty and execute; It is exactly to utilize the rich water preparing in step 1) while watering that described thin fertile duty is executed at every turn, has also supplemented fertilizer when giving plant moisturizing; Chinese rose nursery stock, after the initial stage cultivates, at least reaches twice germination of branch; When branch sends tender shoots, tender shoots is tentatively not cut;
5) Chinese rose rejuvenation cultivating: the Chinese rose nursery stock that the step 4) initial stage has cultivated carries out rejuvenation cultivating after transplanting, and the cultivation time is 2-5, to increase the rugosity of root, prepares for carry root later; In described transplanting process, need to smooth out with the fingers along root, make only growth downwards of root system, k-index outwards stretches; In rejuvenation cultivating process, also to carry out thin fertile duty and execute, will give the rich water of preparing in seedling stake perfusion step 1), make seedling stake Fast Growth; Also to prune seedling stake simultaneously; When tender shoots grows up to branch, it is accepted illumination and influences each other and cause cannot normal growth time, removing the poor branch of upgrowth situation; Also can need to remove unnecessary branch or heading-back according to what make potted landscape;
6) carry root: the Chinese rose plant in step 5) after rejuvenation cultivating, the long good chap of its root system, a daystart in April and mid-July-mid-August, every 3-10 days, remove the soil of a root, from approaching the part of limb, the soil of the root of each 10%-30% that removes primary roots total length, the root that makes to remove soil is outside exposed, until make the 10%-25% root system of primary roots total length outside exposed; Or arbitrary day in April, mid-July-mid-August, the soil of the root of the disposable 75%-90% that pulls down primary roots total length, makes the 10%-25% root system of primary roots total length outside exposed; Also can according to the different time stage, remove as the case may be the soil of the root of different length;
7) with root Dai Gan, shallow basin, cultivate: by the Chinese rose plant of carrying in step 6) after root, with root Dai Gan, be transplanted in shallow basin and cultivate, in shallow basin, Chinese rose plant cuts off in time and loses flower after blooming for the first time, and now tiny on main root dies, shows the potted landscape shape with root Dai Gan; On main root, also can send eye, can choose useful eye according to the design needs of potted landscape, remove eye useless; Shallow basin was cultivated after 4-10 month, and through the continuous finishing to lateral bud and side shoot in cultivating process, the cloud sheet shape of Chinese rose limb is accomplished, the main root thickening of being chapped from the cold, dry mottled phosphorus sheet very aged of whole stub that seem, has reached coordination from flower bud, leaf, the tip, branch, dry, root, and integral body has been cultivated.
Wherein, step 4)-7) in cultivating process, should to tender shoots, prune in time, the tender shoots staying is the tender shoots that the direction of growth and the direction of growth of branch become 70-110 ℃ of angle, and other tender shoots is removed; In actual mechanical process, can leave according to different potted landscape shapes the tender shoots of different angles; Also should utilize any one or several methods such as hook, tractive, pruning to repair side shoot and/or trunk simultaneously; While running into winter, Chinese rose plant should be put in winter canopy and cultivates.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described in step 1), dry in the air water and the weight of fertilizer ratio that becomes thoroughly decomposed are 100:0.5.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, described in the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, be any one or several materials that plant nutrient can be provided that utilize in muck, cake fertilizer etc., the fertilizer forming by retting, after fermenting, becoming thoroughly decomposed.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described cake fertilizer is any one or several in soya-bean cake, colza cake, cottonseed cake, sesame-send cake etc.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described in step 1), in rich water, also comprise oxalic acid; According to the upgrowth situation of nursery stock, add the oxalic acid of different amounts, on the undesirable plant of upgrowth situation, perfusion adds the rich water of oxalic acid, can improve the upgrowth situation of plant.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, step 2) described in rotten soil, garden mould, sand according to umber ratio, be that 2:1:1 is formulated.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described garden mould is the soil of any one or several the insides in garden, vegetable garden or orchard etc.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, step 2) described in rotten soil be with the weeds that shatter, the branches and leaves of tree etc., add rich water retting, after spontaneous fermentation completely, the soil sieving with sieve.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, small-sized and/or miniature Chinese rose described in step 3), is the Chinese rose that flower diameter is less than 50 millimeters.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described in step 4), cultivating is to be placed in lot pot or cylinder basin etc. to cultivate; Can select as required lot pot or the cylinder basin of different sizes; Lot pot or cylinder basin can limit root outwards to be developed, and root is grown downwards, for carry root later, prepares.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, cultivation described in step 4) is to cultivate Chinese rose nursery stock by the method for epicormic branch cuttage or the cuttage of old branch.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described epicormic branch cuttage process is:
A) preparation of cultivation matrix: element is husky, cleans plain sand and makes it without soil, and only surplus element is husky stand-by; Or vermiculite and pearl are in stand-by after the mixing of the ratio of 1:1;
B) preparation of spray cutting: the long 15-20cm of clip Chinese rose spray, a top seedling 2-3 eye, base portion scabbles with scraper near eye place, and inclined-plane becomes horseshoe type stand-by;
C), the matrix after processing in step a), put into cuttage case or basin 18-24cm is thick; The spray cutting of getting ready in step b) is stained with to root-inducing powder and inserts in described matrix and cultivate, then water, described water is above-mentioned steps 1) rich water of configuration;
D) in step c), the Chinese rose spray of cuttage is cultivated behind sky through the moisturizing 35-45 that shades, and branch sends tender shoots, then moves in single basin that the matrix in step a) is housed and cultivates.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, described old branch cuttage process is: in spring or autumn, select to enrich healthy and strong Chinese rose branch, be cut into segment branch, every section of branch contains 4-8 eye, in lower end, saving scraper scabbles, insert in soil, the branch that makes to expose on soil at least contains 2 eyes, after cuttage, will water, note sunshade, and be placed on the cultivation of passing the winter in winter canopy; Described soil is above-mentioned steps 2) preparation compost, described water is above-mentioned steps 1) configuration rich water; The cuttage of old branch is compared tender shoots cuttage and can be shortened the cultivation time.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described in step 4), cultivating is to become Chinese rose nursery stock with the old stake of Chinese rose cottage breeding; The stake of the old stake cultivation of Chinese rose seedling is compared tender shoots cuttage and can be shortened the cultivation time, saves and cultivates cost.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, the step of described old stake cuttage is as follows:
A) preparation of cultivation matrix: element is husky, cleans plain sand and makes it without soil, and only surplus element is husky stand-by; Or vermiculite and pearl are in stand-by after the mixing of the ratio of 1:1;
B) processing of old stake: the old stake of Chinese rose is held to a cutting strunk and processes an afterwash, brewed with the aqueous solution of root-inducing powder after, cultivate;
C) the old stake in step b) grows after sprouting, then moves into contain in the matrix in step a) and cultivates.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described old stake is the old stake of Hybrid Tea, and it changes a grafting by branches of tall trees and becomes small-sized or miniature Chinese rose to cultivate, and saves the cultivation time; Described Hybrid Tea refers to the Chinese rose that flower diameter is greater than 50 millimeters.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described in step 5), transplanting is any one or several cultivation theing be transplanted in underground, cylinder basin, lot pot etc.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme preferably, described in the tender shoots that stays be the tender shoots that the direction of growth and the direction of growth of branch become 85-100 ℃ of angle.
In above-mentioned arbitrary scheme, preferably, described hook, is to utilize hook to make side shoot and/or the trunk directional growth of Chinese rose; Described tractive is to utilize any one or several instruments in rope, iron wire etc. to make side shoot and/or the trunk directional growth of Chinese rose.
Utilize the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape provided by the invention, the Chinese rose potted landscape tree crown of cultivating is cloud sheet shape, and with root Dai Gan, it is very aged that the limb of being chapped from the cold seems, can embody the style that a kind of veteran is newly spent again simultaneously; In cultivating process, do not carry out aluminium wire and climb bundle, mainly, with the method for hook, tractive, pruning, so effectively avoided the too many phenomenon of artificial trace; Also solved fertilizing amount and be difficult to control, the unequal problem of applying fertilizer simultaneously; And Chinese rose potted landscape can watch different apparent forms the whole year, see tooth spring, Xia Qiuguan flower, the winter is seen cold branch.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 cultivates the Chinese rose potted landscape of a preferred embodiment of the Chinese rose potted landscape being shaped according to the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is according to the block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the flow process of the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape of the present invention.
In figure: the shallow basin of 1-, 2-side shoot, 3-root, 4-blade, 5-soil.
Embodiment
In order to understand further the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is set forth in more detail; The invention belongs to horticultural gardening field, in specific operation process, on basis of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make according to actual needs some unsubstantialities and revises, and these modifications all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
embodiment 1:
A breeding method for Chinese rose potted landscape, its step is as follows:
1) configuration rich water adds the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the water that dries in the air, and is configured to rich water; The water that wherein dries in the air is 100:0.5 with the weight ratio of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed; In water, add fertilizer, can be when watering to Chinese rose, also applied fertilizer simultaneously, removed from and applied separately this step operation of fertilizer, because fertilizer is dissolved in water equably, also avoided causing plant nutrition skewness because applying fertilizer inequality, in addition simultaneously, because of in advance, according to a certain amount of rich water configuring, also avoided because of overfertilization or the very few adverse effect of bringing to the growth of plant;
2) configuration compost: be that 2:1:1 is formulated according to umber ratio by corruption soil, garden mould, sand; Described sand permeability is strong, and ventilation is good, and organic matter decomposition is fast, and the suitable cultivated phase is long, Yi Limiao;
3) select nursery stock: select the nursery stock of small-sized Chinese rose for cultivating; Small-sized China rose polychrome is gorgeous, and blade profile is little, resistance to pruning, and internode is short, and germination rate is high;
4) the Chinese rose initial stage cultivates: the Chinese rose nursery stock that step 3) is chosen carries out initial stage cultivation; Cultivating the nursery stock initial stage, be not exposed to the sun, note sheltering from heat or light, and carry out thin fertile duty and execute; It is exactly to utilize the rich water preparing in step 1) while watering that described thin fertile duty is executed at every turn, has also supplemented fertilizer when giving plant moisturizing; Chinese rose nursery stock, after the initial stage cultivates, at least reaches twice germination of branch; When branch sends tender shoots, tender shoots is tentatively not cut;
5) Chinese rose rejuvenation cultivating: the Chinese rose nursery stock that the step 4) initial stage has cultivated carries out rejuvenation cultivating after transplanting, and the cultivation time is 4 years, to increase the rugosity of root, prepares for carry root later; In described transplanting process, need to smooth out with the fingers along root, make only growth downwards of root system, k-index outwards stretches; In rejuvenation cultivating process, also to carry out thin fertile duty and execute, will give the rich water of preparing in seedling stake perfusion step 1), make seedling stake Fast Growth; Also to prune seedling stake simultaneously; When tender shoots grows up to branch, it is accepted illumination and influences each other and cause cannot normal growth time, removing the poor branch of upgrowth situation; Also can need to remove unnecessary branch or heading-back according to what make potted landscape;
6) carry root: the Chinese rose plant in step 5) after rejuvenation cultivating, the long good chap of its root system, at the beginning of 4 months, every 4-8 days, remove the soil of a root, from approaching the part of limb, each soil of removing 20% root of primary roots total length, the root that makes to remove soil is outside exposed, until make the 20% outside exposed of primary roots total length;
7) with root Dai Gan, shallow basin, cultivate: by the Chinese rose plant of carrying in step 6) after root, with root Dai Gan, be transplanted in shallow basin and cultivate, in shallow basin, Chinese rose plant cuts off in time and loses flower after blooming for the first time, and now tiny on main root dies, shows the potted landscape shape with root Dai Gan; On main root, also can send eye, choose useful eye, remove eye useless; Shallow basin was cultivated after 5 months, and through the continuous finishing to lateral bud and side shoot in cultivating process, the cloud sheet shape of Chinese rose limb is accomplished, the main root thickening of being chapped from the cold, dry mottled phosphorus sheet very aged of whole stub that seem, has reached coordination from flower bud, leaf, the tip, branch, dry, root, and integral body has been cultivated.
Wherein, step 4)-7) in cultivating process, should to tender shoots, prune in time, the tender shoots staying is that the direction of growth becomes 85-100 ℃ of angle with the direction of growth of branch, and other tender shoots is removed; Also should utilize the methods such as hook, tractive, pruning to repair side shoot and trunk simultaneously; While running into winter, Chinese rose plant should be put in winter canopy and cultivates.
In the present embodiment, the water that dries in the air described in step 1) is that water is placed in to airing under daylight, to increase water temperature and microbe composition.
In the present embodiment, described in the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, be the fertilizer that utilizes muck, cake fertilizer to form by retting, after fermenting, becoming thoroughly decomposed.
In the present embodiment, described cake fertilizer is soya-bean cake, colza cake, cottonseed cake, sesame-send cake.
In the present embodiment, garden mould step 2) is the soil of the insides such as garden, vegetable garden or orchard.
In the present embodiment, step 2) rotten soil described in is with the weeds that shatter, the branches and leaves of tree etc., adds rich water retting, after spontaneous fermentation completely, and the soil sieving with sieve.
In the present embodiment, small-sized Chinese rose described in step 3), is the Chinese rose that flower diameter is less than 50 millimeters.
In the present embodiment, described in step 4), cultivating is to be placed in a basin to carry out; Cylinder basin can limit root outwards to be developed, and root is grown downwards, for carry root later, prepares.
In the present embodiment, described in step 4), cultivating is to use tender shoots cuttage.
In the present embodiment, described tender shoots cuttage process is:
A) preparation of cultivation matrix: element is husky, cleans plain sand and makes it without soil, and only surplus element is husky stand-by; Or vermiculite and pearl are in stand-by after the mixing of the ratio of 1:1;
B) preparation of spray cutting: the long 15-20cm of clip Chinese rose spray, a top seedling 2-3 eye, base portion scabbles with scraper near eye place, and inclined-plane becomes horseshoe type stand-by;
C), the matrix after processing in step a), put into cuttage case or basin 18-24cm is thick; The spray cutting of getting ready in step b) is stained with to root-inducing powder and inserts in matrix and cultivate, then water, described water is above-mentioned steps 1) rich water of configuration;
D) in step c), the Chinese rose spray of cuttage is cultivated behind sky through the moisturizing 35-45 that shades, and branch sends tender shoots, progressively accepts sunlight and ventilates after exercise, moves in single basin that the matrix in step a) is housed and cultivates.
In the present embodiment, described in step 5), transplanting is to be transplanted in a basin to cultivate.
The Chinese rose potted landscape that the present embodiment cultivation is shaped as shown in Figure 1, is cultivated the Chinese rose plant in shallow basin (1), and it is by being embedded in the Root Absorption moisture in soil (5); Side shoot (2) has formed with blade (4) the cloud sheet shape tree crown that can Gong view and admire, the root being chapped from the cold (3) is outside exposed, reaches the effect with root Dai Gan, gives the sensation of grey mulberry, add dense tiny blade (4), the individual style performance that veteran is newly spent incisively and vividly.
embodiment 2
A breeding method for Chinese rose potted landscape, its FB(flow block) is as Fig. 2, and in figure, listed step is as follows:
1) configuration rich water adds the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the water that dries in the air, and is configured to rich water; The water that wherein dries in the air is 100:0.8 with the weight ratio of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed; In water, add fertilizer, can be when watering to Chinese rose, also applied fertilizer simultaneously, removed from and applied separately this step operation of fertilizer, because fertilizer is dissolved in water equably, also avoided causing plant nutrition skewness because applying fertilizer inequality, in addition simultaneously, because of in advance, according to a certain amount of rich water configuring, also avoided because of overfertilization or the very few adverse effect of bringing to the growth of plant;
2) configuration compost: be that 2:1.2:1.2 is formulated according to umber ratio by corruption soil, garden mould, sand; Described sand permeability is strong, and ventilation is good, and organic matter decomposition is fast, and the suitable cultivated phase is long, Yi Limiao;
3) select nursery stock: select the nursery stock of miniature Chinese rose for cultivating; Miniature China rose polychrome is gorgeous, and blade profile is little, resistance to pruning, and internode is short, and germination rate is high;
4) the Chinese rose initial stage cultivates: the Chinese rose nursery stock that step 3) is chosen carries out initial stage cultivation; Cultivating the nursery stock initial stage, be not exposed to the sun, note sheltering from heat or light, and carry out thin fertile duty and execute; It is exactly to utilize the rich water preparing in step 1) while watering that described thin fertile duty is executed at every turn, has also supplemented fertilizer when giving plant moisturizing; Chinese rose nursery stock, after the initial stage cultivates, at least reaches twice germination of branch; When branch sends tender shoots, tender shoots is tentatively not cut;
5) Chinese rose rejuvenation cultivating: the Chinese rose nursery stock that the step 4) initial stage has cultivated carries out rejuvenation cultivating after transplanting, and the cultivation time is 3 years, to increase the rugosity of root, prepares for carry root later; In described transplanting process, need to smooth out with the fingers along root, make only growth downwards of root system, k-index outwards stretches; In rejuvenation cultivating process, also to carry out thin fertile duty and execute, will give the rich water of preparing in seedling stake perfusion step 1), make seedling stake Fast Growth; Also to prune seedling stake simultaneously; When tender shoots grows up to branch, it is accepted illumination and influences each other and cause cannot normal growth time, removing the poor branch of upgrowth situation; Also can need to remove unnecessary branch or heading-back according to what make potted landscape;
6) carry root: the Chinese rose plant in step 5) after rejuvenation cultivating, the long good chap of its root system, at the disposable soil of pulling down approximately 85% root of primary roots total length mid-April, makes approximately 15% root system of primary roots total length outside exposed;
7) with root Dai Gan, shallow basin, cultivate: by the Chinese rose plant of carrying in step 6) after root, with root Dai Gan, be transplanted in shallow basin and cultivate, in shallow basin, Chinese rose plant cuts off in time and loses flower after blooming for the first time, and now tiny on main root dies, shows the potted landscape shape with root Dai Gan; On main root, also can send eye, choose useful eye, remove eye useless; Shallow basin was cultivated after 4 months, and through the continuous finishing to lateral bud and side shoot in cultivating process, the cloud sheet shape of Chinese rose limb is accomplished, the main root thickening of being chapped from the cold, dry mottled phosphorus sheet very aged of whole stub that seem, has reached coordination from flower bud, leaf, the tip, branch, dry, root, and integral body has been cultivated.
Wherein, step 4)-7) in cultivating process, should to tender shoots, prune in time, the tender shoots staying be the direction of growth perpendicular to the tender shoots of the direction of growth of branch, other tender shoots is removed; Also should utilize the methods such as hook, tractive, pruning to repair side shoot and trunk simultaneously; While running into winter, Chinese rose plant should be put in winter canopy and cultivates.
In the present embodiment, the water that dries in the air described in step 1) is that water is placed in to airing under daylight, to increase water temperature and microbe composition.
In the present embodiment, described in the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, be the fertilizer that utilizes muck, cake fertilizer to form by retting, after fermenting, becoming thoroughly decomposed.
In the present embodiment, described cake fertilizer is soya-bean cake, colza cake, cottonseed cake, sesame-send cake.
In the present embodiment, garden mould step 2) is the soil of the insides such as garden, vegetable garden or orchard.
In the present embodiment, step 2) rotten soil described in is with the weeds that shatter, the branches and leaves of tree etc., adds rich water retting, after spontaneous fermentation completely, and the soil sieving with sieve.
In the present embodiment, miniature Chinese rose described in step 3), is the Chinese rose that flower diameter is less than 50 millimeters.
In the present embodiment, described in step 4), cultivating is to be placed in lot pot to carry out; Lot pot can limit root outwards to be developed, and root is grown downwards, for carry root later, prepares.
In the present embodiment, described in step 4), cultivating is with the cuttage of old branch.
In the present embodiment, described old branch cuttage process is: in early spring, select to enrich healthy and strong Chinese rose branch, be cut into segment branch, every section of branch contains 4-8 eye, in lower end, saving scraper scabbles, insert in soil, the branch that makes to expose on soil at least contains 2 eyes, after cuttage, will water, note sunshade, and be placed on the cultivation of passing the winter in winter canopy; Described soil is above-mentioned steps 2) preparation compost, described water is above-mentioned steps 1) configuration rich water; The cuttage of old branch is compared tender shoots cuttage and can be shortened the cultivation time.
In the present embodiment, described in step 5), transplanting is to be transplanted in a basin to cultivate.
Utilize the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape provided by the invention, the Chinese rose potted landscape tree crown of cultivating is cloud sheet shape, and with root Dai Gan, it is very aged that the limb of being chapped from the cold seems, can embody the style that a kind of veteran is newly spent again simultaneously; In cultivating process, do not carry out aluminium wire and climb bundle, mainly, with the method for hook, tractive, pruning, so effectively avoided the too many phenomenon of artificial trace; Also solved fertilizing amount and be difficult to control, the unequal problem of applying fertilizer simultaneously; And Chinese rose potted landscape can watch different apparent forms the whole year, see tooth spring, Xia Qiuguan flower, the winter is seen cold branch.
Claims (19)
1. a breeding method for Chinese rose potted landscape, its step is as follows:
1) configuration rich water adds the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the water that dries in the air, and is configured to rich water; The water that wherein dries in the air is 100:0.2-2 with the weight ratio of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2) configuration compost: be that 2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 is formulated according to umber ratio by corruption soil, garden mould, sand;
3) select nursery stock: select the nursery stock of small-sized and/or miniature Chinese rose for cultivating;
4) the Chinese rose initial stage cultivates: the Chinese rose nursery stock that step 3) is chosen carries out initial stage cultivation; Cultivating the nursery stock initial stage, be not exposed to the sun, note sheltering from heat or light, and carry out thin fertile duty and execute; It is exactly to utilize the rich water preparing in step 1) while watering that described thin fertile duty is executed at every turn, has also supplemented fertilizer when giving plant moisturizing; Chinese rose nursery stock, after the initial stage cultivates, at least reaches twice germination of branch;
5) Chinese rose rejuvenation cultivating: the Chinese rose nursery stock that in step 4), the initial stage has cultivated carries out rejuvenation cultivating after transplanting, and the cultivation time is 2-5; In described transplanting process, need to smooth out with the fingers along root, make only growth downwards of root system, k-index outwards stretches; In rejuvenation cultivating process, also to carry out thin fertile duty and execute, will give the rich water of preparing in seedling stake perfusion step 1);
6) carry root: the Chinese rose plant in step 5) after rejuvenation cultivating, the long good chap of its root system, a daystart in April and mid-July-mid-August, every 3-10 days, remove the soil of a root, from approaching the part of limb, the soil of the root of each 10%-30% that removes primary roots total length, the root that makes to remove soil is outside exposed, until make the 10%-25% root system of primary roots total length outside exposed;
7) with root Dai Gan, shallow basin, cultivate: the Chinese rose plant by carrying in step 6) after root, with root Dai Gan, be transplanted in shallow basin and cultivate, in shallow basin, Chinese rose plant cuts off in time and loses flower after blooming for the first time; Shallow basin is cultivated 4-10 month;
Wherein, step 4)-7) in cultivating process, should to tender shoots, prune in time, the tender shoots staying is the tender shoots that the direction of growth and the direction of growth of branch become 70-110 ℃ of angle, and other tender shoots is removed; Also should utilize any one or several method in hook, tractive, pruning to repair side shoot and/or trunk simultaneously; While running into winter, Chinese rose plant should be put in winter canopy and cultivates.
2. the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step 1), dry in the air water and the weight of fertilizer ratio that becomes thoroughly decomposed are 100:0.5.
3. the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described in the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, be the fertilizer that utilizes muck and/or cake fertilizer to form by retting, after fermenting, becoming thoroughly decomposed.
4. the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described cake fertilizer is any one or several in soya-bean cake, colza cake, cottonseed cake, sesame-send cake.
5. the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises oxalic acid described in step 1) in rich water.
6. the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described in rotten soil, garden mould, sand according to umber ratio, be that 2:1:1 is formulated.
7. the breeding method of the Chinese rose potted landscape as described in claim 1 or 6, is characterized in that, described garden mould is the soil of any one or several the insides in garden, vegetable garden or orchard.
8. the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described in rotten soil be with the weeds that shatter and/or the branches and leaves of tree, add rich water retting, after spontaneous fermentation completely, the soil sieving with sieve.
9. the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, small-sized and/or miniature Chinese rose described in step 3), is the Chinese rose that flower diameter is less than 50 millimeters.
10. the breeding method of Chinese rose potted landscape as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step 4), cultivating is to be placed in lot pot or cylinder basin to cultivate.
The breeding method of 11. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, cultivation described in step 4) is to cultivate Chinese rose nursery stock by the method for tender shoots cuttage or the cuttage of old branch.
The breeding method of 12. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, described tender shoots cuttage process is:
A) preparation of cultivation matrix: husky stand-by without soil element; Or vermiculite and pearl are in stand-by after the mixing of the ratio of 1:1;
B) preparation of spray cutting: the long 15-20cm of clip Chinese rose spray, a top seedling 2-3 eye, base portion scabbles with scraper near eye place, and inclined-plane becomes horseshoe type stand-by;
C), the matrix after processing in step a), put into cuttage case or basin 18-24cm is thick; The spray cutting of getting ready in step b) is stained with to root-inducing powder and inserts in described matrix and cultivate, then water, described water is above-mentioned steps 1) rich water of configuration;
D) after in step c), the Chinese rose spray of cuttage is cultivated through shading for moisturizing 35-45 days, branch sends tender shoots, then moves in single basin that the matrix in step a) is housed and cultivates.
The breeding method of 13. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, described old branch cuttage process is: in spring or autumn, select to enrich healthy and strong Chinese rose branch, be cut into segment branch, every section of branch contains 4-8 eye, saves scraper scabble in lower end, inserts in soil, the branch that makes to expose on soil at least contains 2 eyes, after cuttage, to water, note sunshade, and be placed on the cultivation of passing the winter in winter canopy; Described soil is above-mentioned steps 2) preparation compost, described water is above-mentioned steps 1) configuration rich water; The cuttage of old branch is compared tender shoots cuttage and can be shortened the cultivation time.
The breeding method of 14. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step 4), cultivating is to become Chinese rose nursery stock with the old stake of Chinese rose cottage breeding.
The breeding method of 15. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 14, is characterized in that, the step of described old stake cuttage is as follows:
A) preparation of cultivation matrix: husky stand-by without soil element; Or vermiculite and pearl are in stand-by after the mixing of the ratio of 1:1;
B) processing of old stake: the old stake of Chinese rose is held to a cutting strunk and processes an afterwash, brewed with the aqueous solution of root-inducing powder after, cultivate;
C) the old stake of the Chinese rose in step b) grows after sprouting, moves into contain in the matrix in step a) and cultivates.
The breeding method of 16. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, described old stake is the old stake of Hybrid Tea, and it changes a grafting by branches of tall trees and becomes small-sized or miniature Chinese rose to cultivate.
The breeding method of 17. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step 5), transplanting is any one or several cultivation theing be transplanted in underground, cylinder basin, lot pot etc.
The breeding method of 18. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the tender shoots that stays be the tender shoots that the direction of growth and the direction of growth of branch become 85-100 ℃ of angle.
The breeding method of 19. Chinese rose potted landscapes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described hook is to utilize hook to make side shoot and/or the trunk directional growth of Chinese rose; Described tractive is to utilize rope or iron wire to make side shoot and/or the trunk directional growth of Chinese rose.
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| CN104255307A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-01-07 | 周景龙 | Grafting method of Chinese roses |
| CN104737872A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-01 | 安徽国康农业有限公司 | Lycium barbarum bonsai cultivation method |
| CN105830693B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-12-11 | 赵洋 | Cold ground rose height stake cut-flower method |
| CN106577092A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-04-26 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | Manufacture method of yellow rose bonsai |
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| CN107318497A (en) * | 2017-06-03 | 2017-11-07 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | A kind of fast culture process of Chinese rose garden landscape moulding |
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| CN108668823A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-19 | 昆明学院 | A kind of breeding method of the old stake potted landscape of Jasmine |
| CN108848979B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2021-06-22 | 陈东明 | Method for cutting and direct planting of old sycamore piles |
| CN109197503A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-15 | 北京圣海林生态环境科技股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to promote to downgrade the seedling medium that Chinese rose blooms |
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