CN103988689A - Sunlight diffusion mixed planting method for kiwi fruit trees - Google Patents
Sunlight diffusion mixed planting method for kiwi fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sunlight diffusion mixed planting method for kiwi fruit trees. The sunlight diffusion mixed planting method includes the steps of (1) soil selecting, (2) seed processing, (3) sowing, (4) growing period managing, (5) grafting, (6) staminiferous plant planting, (7) florescence managing, (8) pinching and fruit thinning, and (9) fruit ripening. By means of the mode, the sunlight diffusion mixed planting method for the kiwi fruit trees has the advantages of being natural, free of pollution, high in vital force, economical, practical, coincident with the growth rhythm, careful in whole course caring, staged in cultivating and the like, and has the wide market prospects in popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of planting, particularly relate to a kind of unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of sunlight that utilizes mixed planting.
Background technology
Kiwi fruit is one of fruit most popular in China's fruit numerous kinds, because the fruit of its sour-sweet succulence and the effect of clearly eliminating the phlegm win extensive favorable comment, Actinidia is partly liked positive plant in half happiness the moon, should avoid the long-term direct projection of sunlight, yet the method that shade is built in the method that the general employing of existing kiwi fruit plantation is let go unchecked or employing is carried out shielded from sunlight, can expend a large amount of manpower and materials and greatly reduce the yield and quality of kiwifruit fruit, be unfavorable for quality results.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of sunlight that utilizes mixed planting, by adopting the method for mixed planting, in kiwi fruit plantation, disperse the high trees of some aspect ratio kiwi fruit framves of plantation, having played shielded from sunlight forms unrestrained effect of irradiating, is conducive to increase greening, pure and fresh environmental protection again, nontoxic, safe and practical, raising output, utilizing the popularizing of the unrestrained irradiation of sunlight kiwi fruit implantation methods of mixed planting to have market prospects widely.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of sunlight that utilizes mixed planting, comprise the following steps:
(1) soil is selected: selecting traffic convenience, sufficient, the close water source of illumination, annual rainfall is mountain area or the knob that 800 ~ 1200mm, air humidity are greater than 75%, select geology loose, ventilative good, to be rich in humus, pH value be that the soil of 5.5 ~ 6.5 scopes is as plantation, the greenhouse frame that built height 1.8 ~ 2.0m, spacing are 60cm in plantation is stand-by, and in plantation, some branches and leaves of discrete plantation trees luxuriant, that be highly greater than 2.2m are stand-by;
(2) seed treatment: 40 ~ 50 ℃ of clear water for kiwi fruit seed are soaked 2 ~ 4 hours, re-use 5 ~ 15 ℃ of clear water and soak 12 ~ 15 hours, then seed is pulled out and put into sand and bury 40 ~ 50 days, change sand once, stir sand every day 1 ~ 2 time for every 5 days;
(3) sowing: the soil in plantation is deep ploughed, applies base fertilizer, watered the water of revealing the exact details, then above-mentioned seed belt sand is sowed, the degree of depth of sowing is 1 ~ 3cm, then sprinkle fine earth, mulching straw, between the trees that are highly greater than 2.2m, build shade, guarantee that seed is not subject to direct sunlight, wait for quietly germinateing, the quality proportioning of described base fertilizer comprises 1 ~ 3 part, 16 ~ 20 parts of farmyard manures, 3 ~ 5 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 3 ~ 4 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
(4) vegetative period: remove shade after rudiment, in being greater than the fine day of 25 ℃, the maximum air temperature waters once for every 2 days, at the maximum air temperature, within every 3 days in the fine day of 15 ~ 25 ℃, water once, at the maximum air temperature, within every 5 days, water once in lower than the fine day of 15 ℃, water 6 o'clock or 6 o'clock at dusk in the morning at every turn, but stop watering in during continuous rainy 3 days, within 30 days after rudiment, apply the first fertilizer once, when reaching 30 ~ 35cm, the average height of young plant applies the first fertilizer once, during fertilising, apart from root 3 ~ 6cm place, digging the shallow ridges that the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm scope, the first fertilizer is executed in shallow ridges and grave mound, irrigate, in case cause burning root, the quality proportioning of described the first fertilizer comprises 6 ~ 10 parts of farmyard manures, 6 ~ 8 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 4 ~ 6 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer,
(5) grafting: select simple bud cut-grafting method to carry out grafting, scion is used 200 ~ 300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate to soak 6 ~ 8 hours before grafting, during grafting, selecting temperature is the fine day that 20 ~ 25 ℃, humidity are greater than 75%, grafting completes in backward air sprays water smoke to increase air humidity, is conducive to the healing of grafting mouth, the success rate of raising grafting;
(6) staminiferous plant is planted: selection vegetative period, identical or close kiwi fruit staminiferous plant was planted, and according to the ratio of female plant and staminiferous plant 6:1 ~ 12:1, evenly planted staminiferous plant;
(7) flowering stage: interior the watering once for every 2 days of fine day that the maximum air temperature is greater than 28 ℃, at the maximum air temperature, within every 3 days in the fine day of 18 ~ 28 ℃, water once, at the maximum air temperature, within every 5 days, water once in lower than the fine day of 18 ℃, water 8 o'clock or 8 o'clock at dusk in the morning at every turn, but stop watering in during continuous rainy 3 days, within every 30 ~ 45 days, apply the second fertilizer once, when maximum temperature is greater than the fine day of 28 ℃, the dense leaf that the height of periphery is greater than 2.2m has played shielded from sunlight, overflow the effect of irradiating, saved the operation of artificial sunshade, the quality proportioning of described the second fertilizer comprises 2 ~ 6 parts of farmyard manures, 2 ~ 6 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 4 ~ 6 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer,
(8) pinching fruit thinning: to the rear pruning of staminiferous plant, pinching, the every strain of staminiferous plant retains 3 ~ 4 branches, each branch retains 4 ~ 6 bud points, and after arriving 1m, the length of young sprout carries out pinching, after blooming 30 days, female plant is carried out to fruit thinning, extract limit fruit, retain middle fruit, guarantee that average every 4 ~ 5 leaves retain a fruit;
(9) fruits and vegetables are ripe: the leaf that continues maintenance periphery between fruiting period forms cool place and prevents from tanning by the sun, and notes pest control until fruit maturation simultaneously.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the described trees in step (1) comprise one or more of willow, ginkgo, hawthorn, Chinese parasol tree, mulberry tree, Chinese scholartree, maple, yulan, fig, cloves, Chinese wistaria, pomegranate, mountain peach, apple, grape, red bayberry, Amur honeysuckle, cherry.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight of the described base fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (3) is 25 ~ 40kg.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight of described first fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (4) is 15 ~ 20kg.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight of described second fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (7) is 15 ~ 25kg.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, pest control described in step (9) adopts 800 times of carbendazim that blade face is sprayed, adopted Isofenphos methyl or 30% Furadan to be sprayed at soil, adopts flolimat or speed to slaughter 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid to spray root systems, adopt chlorophos or 1000 times of malathions liquid to spray blade back, adopt to go out and sweep profit or precious 3000 times of liquid sprinkling blade faces, within every 15 ~ 30 days, spray once at 6 o'clock or spray 9 o'clock nights in the morning.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention utilize the sunlight of mixed planting unrestrained irradiate kiwi fruit implantation methods have natural nuisance-free, vitality strong, economical and practical, meet that growth rhythm, whole process make much of, the advantage such as cultivations stage by stage, irradiate popularizing of kiwi fruit implantation methods and have market prospects widely the sunlight that is utilizing mixed planting is unrestrained.
Embodiment
Below the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making all other embodiment that obtain under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
The unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of sunlight that utilizes mixed planting, comprises the following steps:
(1) soil is selected: select traffic convenience, illumination is sufficient, near water source, annual rainfall is 800 ~ 1200mm, mountain area or knob that air humidity is greater than 75%, select geology loose, ventilative good, be rich in humus, pH value is that the soil of 5.5 ~ 6.5 scopes is as plantation, built height 1.8 ~ 2.0m in plantation, spacing is that the greenhouse frame of 60cm is stand-by, in plantation, some branches and leaves of discrete plantation are luxuriant, the trees that are highly greater than 2.2m are stand-by, planting tree had both been conducive to form the unrestrained effect of irradiating of shady and cool sunlight, be conducive to again increase greening, firm root soil, fixing fertilizer and water,
(2) seed treatment: 40 ~ 50 ℃ of clear water for kiwi fruit seed are soaked 2 ~ 4 hours, re-use 5 ~ 15 ℃ of clear water and soak 12 ~ 15 hours, then seed is pulled out and put into sand and bury 40 ~ 50 days, change sand once, stir sand every day 1 ~ 2 time for every 5 days;
(3) sowing: by the soil deep ploughing in plantation, apply base fertilizer, water the water of revealing the exact details, then above-mentioned seed belt sand is sowed, the degree of depth of sowing is 1 ~ 3cm, then sprinkle fine earth, mulching straw, between the trees that are highly greater than 2.2m, build shade, guarantee that seed is not subject to direct sunlight, wait for quietly germinateing, the quality proportioning of described base fertilizer comprises 16 ~ 20 parts of farmyard manures, 3 ~ 5 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 3 ~ 4 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 1 ~ 3 part, 2 ~ 4 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, base fertilizer be take farmyard manure as main, Main Function is the nutrient that increases soil, thereby be conducive to increase the quality and yield of kiwi fruit plant,
(4) vegetative period: remove shade after rudiment, in being greater than the fine day of 25 ℃, the maximum air temperature waters once for every 2 days, at the maximum air temperature, within every 3 days in the fine day of 15 ~ 25 ℃, water once, at the maximum air temperature, within every 5 days, water once in lower than the fine day of 15 ℃, water 6 o'clock or 6 o'clock at dusk in the morning at every turn, but stop watering in during continuous rainy 3 days, water and determine according to actual weather condition, suit measures to differing conditions in terms of time, suit measures to local conditions, the natural rainwater of main employing is irrigated, take and manually water as auxiliary, form the spontaneous growth environment of high-quality, within 30 days after rudiment, apply the first fertilizer once, when reaching 30 ~ 35cm, the average height of young plant applies the first fertilizer once, during fertilising, apart from root 3 ~ 6cm place, digging the shallow ridges that the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm scope, the first fertilizer is executed in shallow ridges and grave mound, irrigate, in case cause burning root, the quality proportioning of described the first fertilizer comprises 6 ~ 10 parts of farmyard manures, 6 ~ 8 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 4 ~ 6 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, growing period suitably improves the quality proportioning of azophoska, sufficient nutrient is provided to root system and plant, for it, grow up strong and sturdy,
(5) grafting: select simple bud cut-grafting method to carry out grafting, scion is used 200 ~ 300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate to soak 6 ~ 8 hours before grafting, during grafting, selecting temperature is the fine day that 20 ~ 25 ℃, humidity are greater than 75%, grafting completes in backward air sprays water smoke to increase air humidity, is conducive to the formation of layer of wood, the success rate of the healing of grafting mouth, raising grafting;
(6) staminiferous plant is planted: selection vegetative period, identical or close kiwi fruit staminiferous plant was planted, ratio according to female plant and staminiferous plant 6:1 ~ 12:1 is evenly planted staminiferous plant, kiwi fruit is dioecious plant, staminiferous plant is for pollination, generally, female plant midfeather plantation staminiferous plant, be conducive to improve the success rate of pollination and the quality of lifting result;
(7) flowering stage: interior the watering once for every 2 days of fine day that the maximum air temperature is greater than 28 ℃, at the maximum air temperature, within every 3 days in the fine day of 18 ~ 28 ℃, water once, at the maximum air temperature, within every 5 days, water once in lower than the fine day of 18 ℃, water 8 o'clock or 8 o'clock at dusk in the morning at every turn, but stop watering in during continuous rainy 3 days, within every 30 ~ 45 days, apply the second fertilizer once, when maximum temperature is greater than the fine day of 28 ℃, the dense leaf that the height of periphery is greater than 2.2m has played shielded from sunlight, overflow the effect of irradiating, saved the operation of artificial sunshade, the quality proportioning of described the second fertilizer comprises 2 ~ 6 parts of farmyard manures, 2 ~ 6 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 4 ~ 6 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, fertilizer during this has correspondingly reduced the quality proportioning of nitrogenous fertilizer, improved the quality proportioning of potash fertilizer, be conducive to the formation of bud, the nutrition of result is solidified,
(8) pinching fruit thinning: to the rear pruning of staminiferous plant, pinching, the every strain of staminiferous plant retains 3 ~ 4 branches, each branch retains 4 ~ 6 bud points, and after arriving 1m, the length of young sprout carries out pinching, after blooming 30 days, female plant is carried out to fruit thinning, extract limit fruit, retain middle fruit, guarantee that average every 4 ~ 5 leaves retain a fruit, have increased fruiting rate greatly;
(9) fruits and vegetables are ripe: the leaf that continues maintenance periphery between fruiting period forms cool place and prevents from tanning by the sun, and notes pest control until fruit maturation simultaneously.
Preferably, described trees in step (1) comprise willow, ginkgo, hawthorn, Chinese parasol tree, mulberry tree, Chinese scholartree, maple, yulan, fig, cloves, Chinese wistaria, pomegranate, mountain peach, apple, grape, red bayberry, Amur honeysuckle, one or more of cherry, if generally take greening or firm root soil, it is Consideration, can select willow, ginkgo, hawthorn, Chinese parasol tree, mulberry tree, Chinese scholartree, maple, Amur honeysuckle, yulan, cloves, these evergreen trees of Chinese wistaria, if to view and admire, result, economic worths etc. are as the words of Consideration, can select pomegranate, mountain peach, fig, apple, grape, red bayberry, these fruit of cherry, select various, compatible strong.
Preferably, the weight of the described base fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (3) is 25 ~ 40kg.
Preferably, the weight of described first fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (4) is 15 ~ 20kg.
Preferably, the weight of described second fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (7) is 15 ~ 25kg.
Preferably, pest control described in step (9) adopts 800 times of carbendazim that blade face is sprayed, adopted Isofenphos methyl or 30% Furadan to be sprayed at soil, adopts flolimat or speed to slaughter 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid to spray root systems, adopt chlorophos or 1000 times of malathions liquid to spray blade back, adopt to go out and sweep profit or precious 3000 times of liquid sprinkling blade faces, within every 15 ~ 30 days, spray once at 6 o'clock or spray 9 o'clock nights in the morning.
The present invention utilizes the unrestrained beneficial effect that irradiates kiwi fruit implantation methods of the sunlight of mixed planting to be:
One, by adopting the method for mixed planting, in kiwi fruit plantation, disperse the high trees of some aspect ratio kiwi fruit framves of plantation, played shielded from sunlight and formed unrestrained effect of irradiating, be conducive to increase greening, pure and fresh environmental protection again, nontoxic, safe and practical, improve output;
Two, by adopting the method for pinching and fruit thinning to downgrade to guarantee tree crown, this is conducive to the crosswise development of nutrition, thereby is conducive to the differentiation of bud and the formation of fruit, has effectively improved output, has improved edibility and economic worth;
Three, with respect to the unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of the general sunlight that utilizes mixed planting, the unrestrained fertilizer that irradiates kiwi fruit implantation methods of sunlight of mixed planting that utilizes of the present invention adopts farmyard manure and azophoska to mix use, and at the different vegetative stage of kiwi fruit young plant, use different proportioning fertilizer, with strong points, heat recovery, safe and reliable.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical field, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of sunlight that utilizes mixed planting, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) soil is selected: selecting traffic convenience, sufficient, the close water source of illumination, annual rainfall is mountain area or the knob that 800 ~ 1200mm, air humidity are greater than 75%, select geology loose, ventilative good, to be rich in humus, pH value be that the soil of 5.5 ~ 6.5 scopes is as plantation, the greenhouse frame that built height 1.8 ~ 2.0m, spacing are 60cm in plantation is stand-by, and in plantation, some branches and leaves of discrete plantation trees luxuriant, that be highly greater than 2.2m are stand-by;
(2) seed treatment: 40 ~ 50 ℃ of clear water for kiwi fruit seed are soaked 2 ~ 4 hours, re-use 5 ~ 15 ℃ of clear water and soak 12 ~ 15 hours, then seed is pulled out and put into sand and bury 40 ~ 50 days, change sand once, stir sand every day 1 ~ 2 time for every 5 days;
(3) sowing: the soil in plantation is deep ploughed, applies base fertilizer, watered the water of revealing the exact details, then above-mentioned seed belt sand is sowed, the degree of depth of sowing is 1 ~ 3cm, then sprinkle fine earth, mulching straw, between the trees that are highly greater than 2.2m, build shade, guarantee that seed is not subject to direct sunlight, wait for quietly germinateing, the quality proportioning of described base fertilizer comprises 1 ~ 3 part, 16 ~ 20 parts of farmyard manures, 3 ~ 5 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 3 ~ 4 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
(4) vegetative period: remove shade after rudiment, in being greater than the fine day of 25 ℃, the maximum air temperature waters once for every 2 days, at the maximum air temperature, within every 3 days in the fine day of 15 ~ 25 ℃, water once, at the maximum air temperature, within every 5 days, water once in lower than the fine day of 15 ℃, water 6 o'clock or 6 o'clock at dusk in the morning at every turn, but stop watering in during continuous rainy 3 days, within 30 days after rudiment, apply the first fertilizer once, when reaching 30 ~ 35cm, the average height of young plant applies the first fertilizer once, during fertilising, apart from root 3 ~ 6cm place, digging the shallow ridges that the degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm scope, the first fertilizer is executed in shallow ridges and grave mound, irrigate, in case cause burning root, the quality proportioning of described the first fertilizer comprises 6 ~ 10 parts of farmyard manures, 6 ~ 8 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 4 ~ 6 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer,
(5) grafting: select simple bud cut-grafting method to carry out grafting, scion is used 200 ~ 300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate to soak 6 ~ 8 hours before grafting, during grafting, selecting temperature is the fine day that 20 ~ 25 ℃, humidity are greater than 75%, grafting completes in backward air sprays water smoke to increase air humidity, is conducive to the healing of grafting mouth, the success rate of raising grafting;
(6) staminiferous plant is planted: selection vegetative period, identical or close kiwi fruit staminiferous plant was planted, and according to the ratio of female plant and staminiferous plant 6:1 ~ 12:1, evenly planted staminiferous plant;
(7) flowering stage: interior the watering once for every 2 days of fine day that the maximum air temperature is greater than 28 ℃, at the maximum air temperature, within every 3 days in the fine day of 18 ~ 28 ℃, water once, at the maximum air temperature, within every 5 days, water once in lower than the fine day of 18 ℃, water 8 o'clock or 8 o'clock at dusk in the morning at every turn, but stop watering in during continuous rainy 3 days, within every 30 ~ 45 days, apply the second fertilizer once, when maximum temperature is greater than the fine day of 28 ℃, the dense leaf that the height of periphery is greater than 2.2m has played shielded from sunlight, overflow the effect of irradiating, saved the operation of artificial sunshade, the quality proportioning of described the second fertilizer comprises 2 ~ 6 parts of farmyard manures, 2 ~ 6 parts of fruit tree fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 4 ~ 6 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer,
(8) pinching fruit thinning: to the rear pruning of staminiferous plant, pinching, the every strain of staminiferous plant retains 3 ~ 4 branches, each branch retains 4 ~ 6 bud points, and after arriving 1m, the length of young sprout carries out pinching, after blooming 30 days, female plant is carried out to fruit thinning, extract limit fruit, retain middle fruit, guarantee that average every 4 ~ 5 leaves retain a fruit;
(9) fruits and vegetables are ripe: the leaf that continues maintenance periphery between fruiting period forms cool place and prevents from tanning by the sun, and notes pest control until fruit maturation simultaneously.
2. the unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of the sunlight that utilizes mixed planting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described trees in step (1) comprise one or more of willow, ginkgo, hawthorn, Chinese parasol tree, mulberry tree, Chinese scholartree, maple, yulan, fig, cloves, Chinese wistaria, pomegranate, mountain peach, apple, grape, red bayberry, Amur honeysuckle, cherry.
3. the unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of sunlight that utilizes mixed planting according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight of the described base fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (3) is 25 ~ 40kg.
4. the unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of sunlight that utilizes mixed planting according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight of described first fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (4) is 15 ~ 20kg.
5. the unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of sunlight that utilizes mixed planting according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight of described second fertilizer of the each every mu of use of step (7) is 15 ~ 25kg.
6. the unrestrained kiwi fruit implantation methods that irradiates of the sunlight that utilizes mixed planting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, pest control described in step (9) adopts 800 times of carbendazim that blade face is sprayed, adopted Isofenphos methyl or 30% Furadan to be sprayed at soil, adopts flolimat or speed to slaughter 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid to spray root systems, adopt chlorophos or 1000 times of malathions liquid to spray blade back, adopt to go out and sweep profit or precious 3000 times of liquid sprinkling blade faces, within every 15 ~ 30 days, spray once at 6 o'clock or spray 9 o'clock nights in the morning.
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