The method of the surely dry cultivation of the annual cuttage seeding of Wu Jiu island crape myrtle
Technical field
The present invention is specifically related to the method for the surely dry cultivation of a kind of Wu Jiu island crape myrtle (Lagerstroemiafauriei) annual cuttage seeding, belongs to the technical field of woody plant cultivation.
Background technology
Wu Jiu island crape myrtle (LagerstroemiafaurieiKoehne.) belongs to Lythraceae (Lythraceae), Lagerstroemia (Lagerstroemia), and defoliation small arbor is high 3 ~ 5 meters.For rare sight leaf, see stem seeds.Trunk is smooth, reddish brown brown (between 7 ~ August during trunk decortication).Imparipinnate leaf, 5 ~ 9 pieces, leaflet, oval, keratin, has the color leaf effect such as yellow, redness autumn.Panicle is beautiful greatly, raw branch top, flower milky, 6 ~ July of florescence.Fruit is subsphaeroidal, really 9 ~ October of phase.These seeds are that to see tree-like, tree performance, trunk, blade, flower and inflorescence be excellent ornamental plantation seeds all over the body to collection, can isolated planting or group planting before lawn edge, lakeside, building, or avenue system is in road both sides, and growth is very fast, resistance to pruning, antipollution.
Plant of Lagerstroemia breeding is than being easier to, and the cuttage of Wu Jiu island crape myrtle and group culturation rapid propagating technology are all ripe.Wu Jiu island crape myrtle is as ornamental plant new varieties, and commercially not yet industrialization breeding, once come into the market, the specification of nursery stock will play vital effect to price.At present, annual cuttage seeding general requirements does not reach surely dry requirement, and branch is many, transplant rear side tap reason comparatively complexity.Therefore, cultivate annual cuttage seeding and reach surely dry standard, gaining the initiative after introducing to the market these seeds is significant.
Facility cultivation is the environmental condition utilizing agriculture equipment to create suitable for plant growth, produces the modern agricultural production mode of plant product.Be used in vegetables and flowers production.In stock growing, there is not yet report.The present invention cultivates Wu Jiu island crape myrtle annual cuttage seeding by establishment planting technology, is to solve these seeds one of fixed dry important channels fast, all has very important meaning to the exploitation of Wu Jiu island crape myrtle and utilization and extention.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is in order to the annual cuttage seeding of quickly breeding Wu Jiu island crape myrtle reaches heading height.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the method for the surely dry cultivation of the annual cuttage seeding of Wu Jiu island crape myrtle, comprise the steps:
(1) epicormic branch cuttage
Take September to give birth to semi-lignified branch then as cuttings, select to make matrix with the peat soil of 2: 1: 1 ratios mixing, river sand and perlite, with the IBA process 30 seconds of 1000mg/L, under cuttage is placed on full sunshine and spray condition, spray time is spaced apart 15min, spraying 30s.20d stops spraying after taking root, and adopts seedling management mode: when being often down to below 50% to soil humidity, by spraying foliage fertilizer 1 time, until soil moisture content is more than 90%.
Foliage fertilizer composition is NH
4nO
3500mg/L, KNO
3280mg/L and NH
4h
2pO
4500mg/L.
(2) facility cultivation
In January next year, cuttage seeding moved on the seedbed in seedling raising greenhouse and cultivate, planting density is 20cm*20cm.May, to September, puts up the sunshade net of shading rate 75%.The 1-3 month, the 10-12 month, ventilate every day 6 hours, all the other month whole day ventilations.
(3) stump
In January next year, after cuttage seeding is transplanted, at distance 5cm place, ground stump, incision is tried one's best reservation 1 pair of axillalry bud.
(4) descendant controls
After stump, retain a young sprout growth by touching bud method.Grow to after 10cm height until major branch young sprout, Wu Jiu island crape myrtle cuttage seeding limb sprays the NAA of 1000mg/L, monthly sprays 1 time, spray 3 times.
(5) water and fertilizer management
Seedbed base manure amount of application is that every mu of 50kg ferments chicken manure completely, applies during whole bed in December.Topdress and adopt NPK ratio to be the composite fertilizer of 3: 1: 1, every mu of 20kg, next year 4-10 month monthly applies once.Moisture controls to adopt drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation combination, and drip irrigation monthly opens 2 times.Sprinkling irrigation is the many sprays of fine day, and the time interval is 1 hour, and spray 3min at every turn, and the cloudy day does not spray.
Method of application of topdressing adds drip irrigation system by adding fertile device after composite fertilizer being dissolved.
(6) fixed dry
December next year, seedbed raw cuttage seeding upper 1 year surely done, heading height is distance 120cm place, ground.
The method of the surely dry cultivation of the annual cuttage seeding of Wu Jiu island crape myrtle of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, growing-seedling period is short
By traditional seedling cultivation, within 1 year, raw stock growing specification can not reach surely dry requirement.The present invention, by a large amount of comparative trial, finds " facility cultivation " conventional on gardening and Vegetable produce to use on the crape myrtle seeling industry of Wu Jiu island, can reach the effect that the next year of cuttage then does surely.From cuttage to surely doing, growing-seedling period foreshortens to 16 months.
In addition, inventor carries out contrast find by determining with 2 years raw cuttage seeding mode that main manages, and 2 years raw seedling side shoots and descendant grow soon, and it is vigorous to bloom, and it is many to consume nutrition.When determining main reason, need repeatedly to prune, determine the nursery stock orthostatic after doing also poor.
2, descendant controls
Plant of Lagerstroemia sprouting ability is very strong, usually forms descendant at disconnected branch or butt.In nursery bed management, if by manual operations, prune the descendant of plant of Lagerstroemia base portion, stronger to ensure the orthostatic of plant strain growth, be a kind of not only time-consuming but also method of work consuming.Foreign study finds, utilizes HORMONE TREATMENT plant of Lagerstroemia base portion, and suppressing the generation of axillalry bud, is a kind of effective means.The present invention, by great many of experiments, determines the hormone kind and concentration that are applicable to Wu Jiu island crape myrtle.At the NAA of the incision sprinkling 1000ppm that Wu Jiu island crape myrtle is pruned or formed after touching bud, effectively can prevent and treat shoot and sprout, thus suppress side shoot and descendant growth.
Embodiment
The embodiment of facility cultivation method screening
In January, choose the Plug seedling after the crape myrtle cuttage root-taking of Wu Jiu island, be planted in the nutritive cube of 10*16.100 strains are cultivated respectively in cool canopy and steel tube greenhouse.Cool canopy is glass roof, and surrounding is unobstructed, and plastic house PVC film, summer hides sunshade net.In cool canopy and the sprinkling irrigation system of laying identical spray effect in steel tube greenhouse, ensure that spray time reaches synchronous by timing system.
Observe statistics 2 kinds of cultivation condition Xia Wujiu island crape myrtle growth stages.In December, measure plant height and the leading thread of 1 Nian Shengwujiu island crape myrtle cuttage seeding.
Test finds, the Wu Jiu island crape myrtle rudiment of cultivation in steel pipe double plastic shed, takes out slightly all early than cool canopy cultivation, and fallen leaves are later than the latter.December, plant height was 168% in cool canopy, leading thread indifference.Highly reach more than 120cm, surely dry demand can be met.
The screening of table 1 Wu Jiu island crape myrtle facility cultivation method
Suppress NAA working concentration screening embodiment in descendant
The NAA of preparation 100ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm and 1500ppm tetra-concentration, grows to after 10cm height until major branch young sprout, Wu Jiu island crape myrtle cuttage seeding limb is sprayed, with spray do not add hormone deionized water in contrast.
Test finds, sprays the NAA of 1000ppm, can effectively prevent descendant from growing, prune or touch bud incision and there will not be descendant.Spray the NAA of low concentration, limb still can sprout a small amount of shoot, and blossom and bear fruit, and then affect nourishing and growing of major branch.
Table 2 Wu Jiu island crape myrtle base portion sprays the screening of NAA concentration
Embodiment of the method one
(1) epicormic branch cuttage
Take September to give birth to semi-lignified branch then as cuttings, select to make matrix with the peat soil of 2: 1: 1 ratios mixing, river sand and perlite, with the IBA process 30 seconds of 1000mg/L, under cuttage is placed on full sunshine and spray condition, spray time is spaced apart 15min, spraying 30s.20d stops spraying after taking root, and adopts seedling management mode: take soil humidity as reference, often to when being down to below 50%, by spraying foliage fertilizer 1 time, until soil moisture content more than 90% (till namely irrigating).Foliage fertilizer composition is NH
4nO
3500mg/L, KNO
3280mg/L and NH
4h
2pO
4500mg/L.
(2) facility cultivation
In January next year, cuttage seeding moved on the seedbed in seedling raising greenhouse and cultivate, seedling raising greenhouse specification is 8m*30m, shoulder height 1.8m, rises 3.0m.Planting density is 20cm*20cm, 5000 strains of planting altogether.May, to October, puts up the sunshade net of shading rate 75%.Ventilate every day 6 hours.
(3) stump
In January, after cuttage seeding is transplanted, at distance 5cm place, ground stump, incision is tried one's best reservation 1 pair of axillalry bud.
(4) descendant controls
After stump, retain a young sprout growth by touching bud method.Grow to after 10cm height until major branch young sprout, Wu Jiu island crape myrtle cuttage seeding limb sprays the NAA of 1000mg/L, and 2-4 month monthly sprays 1 time.
(5) water and fertilizer management
In canopy, seedbed is used the 18kg chicken manure completely that ferments, as base manure, to apply when whole bed in December.Topdress and adopt NPK ratio to be the composite fertilizer of 3: 1: 1, next year 4-10 month monthly applies once, adds drip irrigation system after 7.2kg composite fertilizer being dissolved by adding fertile device at every turn.Moisture controls to adopt drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation combination, and drip irrigation monthly opens 2 times.Sprinkling irrigation is the many sprays of fine day, and the time interval is 1 hour, and spray 3min at every turn, and the cloudy day does not spray.
(6) fixed dry
In December next year, cuttage seeding height of seedling is in totally 4751 strains of more than 120cm, and compliance rate 95%, leading thread all reaches more than 0.5cm.Seedbed raw cuttage seeding upper 1 year surely done, heading height is distance 120cm place, ground.