CN102870642A - Stereoscopic cultivation method for Chinese gooseberries and grapes - Google Patents
Stereoscopic cultivation method for Chinese gooseberries and grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102870642A CN102870642A CN2012104043238A CN201210404323A CN102870642A CN 102870642 A CN102870642 A CN 102870642A CN 2012104043238 A CN2012104043238 A CN 2012104043238A CN 201210404323 A CN201210404323 A CN 201210404323A CN 102870642 A CN102870642 A CN 102870642A
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- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 title claims description 62
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title abstract 3
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 65
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000298715 Actinidia chinensis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219068 Actinidia Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009369 viticulture Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000009434 Actinidia chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011890 leaf development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stereoscopic cultivation method for Chinese gooseberries and grapes, which is applicable to the cultivation of Chinese gooseberries in high-temperature, high-light and strong-wind areas in summer. According to the method, based on a flat-trellis cultivated rape trellis, and through relying on a flat-trellis rape trellis shore, a two-layered T-shaped hedge frame is built so as to provide a climbing space for Chinese gooseberries. According to the invention, through fully using the properties of leaf growth and the characteristics of leaf area changes in a year by using a flat-trellis, relatively suitable climatic conditions such as light diffusion and the like are provided for Chinese gooseberries in high-temperature, high-light and strong-wind seasons in summer, so that the Chinese gooseberries can be subjected to good growth, and not affect the growth of grapes, thereby greatly improving the economic benefits per unit area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the stereo cultivation method of a kind of kiwi fruit and grape, belong to fruit tree planting technique, be particularly useful for the cultivation of the regional kiwi fruit of high temperature intense light irradiation.
Background technology
Kiwi fruit, viticulture are with a long history in China, especially after reform and opening-up, adjustment along with agricultural structure, the kiwi fruit viticulture develops rapidly, various cultivation modes continue to bring out, such as pergola cultivation, flat pergola system etc., but be main mainly with independent cultivation, or between in the ranks, plant other agricultural plants.China is the primary center of kiwi fruit, and kiwi fruit original producton location, the world is in the Yichang city Yiling District mist town of crossing a river, various places on the south China Yangtze river basin, north to the northwest, all there is distribution on the ground such as Sichuan, Henan.Kiwi fruit is because its growth is vigorous, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, and transpiration rate is large, and the moistening and subhumid climate in most type requirements subtropics or warm temperate zone requires stricter to moisture and air themperature.Nice and cool moistening weather is the suitable area that Kiwi growth is grown.Its happiness soil layer is deep, draining good, the sandy soil fertile, that humus content is high loosens; Kiwi fruit happiness half shady environment requires difference in different developmental phases to illumination, belongs to medium happiness light fruit tree.The happiness diffused light is avoided the high light direct projection, and intensity of illumination should not be excessively strong.The kiwi fruit blade is large and crisp in addition, is subject to windburn.Therefore differ greatly at China's north-south climate, some place is more suitable to Kiwi growth, and some place is then not too suitable.Adopt the stereo cultivation method of kiwi fruit and grape, with Kiwifruit Culture under flat canopy grape trellis, kiwi fruit neither affects grape and grows at frame, and being growing of kiwi fruit, grape blocked strong sunlight and windburn in summer, create a comparatively good ecotope, especially there is the vertical cultivation of the regional kiwi fruit of storm and grape comparatively suitable at the high temperature intense light irradiation, and greatly improves the economic benefit of unit are.At present, report about kiwi fruit and grape vertical cultivation only has " kiwi fruit and viticulture technology; Zhang Zengyue; Fruit Trees in Hebei; 4 phases of ground in 1996 ", yet the culture technique of its report is simple, at length do not introduce the culture technique that is established to the three-dimensional orchard foundation of grape-kiwi fruit from the vineyard, in addition, Chinese patent CN102308743A discloses a kind of multilayer cultivating stand, invents artificial the present application people, this structure of its report only is used for viticulture, do not provide the enlightenment that can utilize the different fruit trees of its sandwich construction vertical cultivation, in fact, the application is that the inventor is to the further improvement application invention of said structure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to kiwi fruit at summer high temperature, intense light irradiation, high wind regional culture, a day bright and windburn appears in kiwi fruit blade easily, cause leaf margin dried-up, cause fallen leaves, affecting actinidia tree body and fruit normal growth grows, thereby affect this outstanding problem of yield and quality of kiwi fruit, the stereo cultivation method of a kind of kiwi fruit and grape is provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the stereo cultivation method of a kind of kiwi fruit and grape is provided, comprises:
1, set up flat canopy grape trellis, frame face height 1.9m, grape trellis is North and South direction, the main line spacing 3 * 3m of grape trellis, the crosspoint of each main line is supported with fore-set, and the size of fore-set is long 2.2m, wide 7cm, thick 5cm;
2, rely on fore-set to set up two layers of T-shape hedge frame under grape trellis, for kiwi fruit provides climbing, orlop is hedge frame main line, and is parallel with grape trellis, North and South direction, and 90cm overhead, ground floor T-shape hedge frame is parallel with grape trellis, 115cm overhead, wide 45cm; Second layer T-shape hedge frame is parallel with ground floor, 155cm overhead, wide 100cm;
3, build the ridge along the fore-set North and South direction, with fore-set for building the ridge center line, row spacing 2m, the high 30cm in ridge, with furrow soil all back cuttings on the ridge, the wide 1m of furrow;
4, the sand of employing and soil volume 5% and 20% fertilizer evenly are sprinkling upon on the ridge, and it is dark that 40cm is ploughed deeply on full ridge, and soil is fully mixed with sand, fertilizer, with the gas permeability of increase soil;
5, grape transplanting stock point is apart from fore-set 30cm, stay a trunk direct growth to flat frame face, expansion along with the grape tree crown, intermediate cutting year by year, keep flat frame face evenly to be covered with grape branch, summer, the leaf area index of grape maintained about 2.0-2.5, and the photosynthetic active radiation of kiwi fruit canopy maintains about 50-60%.
6, the kiwi fruit seeding row spacing of planting is 3 * 3m, field planting is o'clock in the middle of two fore-sets, stay the upwards growth of a trunk, when growing into T-shape hedge frame main line, cultivate two major branches along the main line North and South direction, the fruit bearing shoot of sprouting on the major branch is that East and West direction lures and draws to the both sides of T-shape hedge frame, between same direction fruit bearing shoot apart from about 15cm-20cm;
7, during the kiwi fruit winter pruning, select as a result of female branch of the full branch of robust growth eye, remove all the other fruit bearing shoot, between bearing basal shoot apart from 40-50cm, be distributed in the major branch both sides, then to the bearing basal shoot cutting back, keep the 5-8 bud, and with its reverse colligation on major branch, after the next year rudiment, lure between young sprout that to draw in the both sides of T-shape hedge frame be as a result of branch of East and West direction from about the 15cm-20cm, unnecessary bud is all erased, during the grape winter pruning, every square metre of canopy face stays 20-30 bud.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the application's stereo cultivation method, suitable soil condition is the area preferably, with the large tree crown cultivation of the flat frame of grape, expansion along with the grape tree crown, intermediate cutting gradually, grapevine seedling reduces year by year, and only keeping the grape trellis mask has certain leaf area index, guarantees not affect vintage; Kiwi growth under grape trellis, grape for summer kiwi fruit provide and shade and windproof.
1, with plane frame viticulture, can fully enlarge the grape tree crown, keeping the grape trellis mask has certain leaf area index, stablizes vintage and quality.
2, cultivate kiwi fruit under the grape shed, not Existential Space competition between grape and the kiwi fruit,
3, along with the spring and summer seasonal variation, the leaf area index of grape shed face also from low to high, canopy face light transmission also changes thereupon, meets high temperature intense light irradiation area kiwi fruit to the requirement of illumination.
4, in high temperature intense light irradiation summer, the frame grape provides shading of appropriateness for kiwi fruit, for kiwi fruit provides suitable diffuse light conditions.
5, season of occurrence, the frame grape provides windbreak function for kiwi fruit, has alleviated the harm of storm wind to the kiwi fruit blade.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is single hedge frame schematic diagram under the flat frame of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is hedge frame schematic diagram under the flat frame of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the T-shaped hedge frame of the present invention end view.
Embodiment
The below is described in detail preferred embodiment of the present invention, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that protection scope of the present invention is made more explicit defining.
The enforcement time: 2010-2012
Implement the place: the Hilly area of Jiangsu Province Zhenjiang institute of agricultural sciences
(1), implement instantiation:
Select kind: Kiwifruit Cultivars: Xu Xiang, Hayward.Grape is the huge peak of flat canopy cultivation.
Method of soil preparation: as Figure 1-3, under grape trellis, do the ridge along the grape shed fore-set, row spacing 2m adopts and sand and 20% fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of soil volume 5% evenly are sprinkling upon on the ridge, and it is dark that 40cm is ploughed deeply on full ridge, soil is fully mixed with sand, fertilizer, soil is returned on the field planting ridge fill into the steamed bun shape.
Field planting: the kiwi fruit nursery stock is placed on the field planting point of steamed bun shape, with root system to around make in order, earthing is steady and sure, waters permeable.
Seeding row spacing: kiwi fruit adopts spacing in the rows 3.0m, line-spacing 3.0m.
1, the management such as bud picking, whole fringe, bagging are carried out in the management of kyoto grape according to routine, normally keep summer about canopy face leaf area index 2.0-2.5.
2, after the kiwi fruit field planting, stay 3-5 bud cutting back, when young sprout is elongated to 30cm after the rudiment, stay the vigorous young sprout of a root growth to be strapped on the bamboo pole, lure and draw its upright growth, cultivate into trunk.
3, when kiwi fruit trunk grow during to the high left and right sides of 2m, to cultivate making the 1st major branch on its horizontal hedge frame main line that is tied to 90cm overhead, the sublateral shoot that sprout at 20cm place below hedge frame main line and the 1st major branch rightabout lure and draw, and do the cultivation of the 2nd major branch.
4, the fruit bearing shoot of sprouting on 2 major branches of kiwi fruit, lure vertical with major branch guided on two layers of T-shape hedge frame fruit bearing shoot spacing 15-20cm, unnecessary branch erase all.
5, during winter pruning, select as a result of female branch of the full branch of the eye of robust growth, between bearing basal shoot apart from 40-50cm, keep 5-8 bud cutting back, and with its reverse colligation on major branch.After the next year rudiment, shoot growth is during to the 40cm left and right sides, lure to draw in the both sides of T-shape hedge frame as a result of branch, between the fruit bearing shoot apart from about 15cm-20cm, unnecessary bud is all erased.
(2), implementation result
1, bear fruit coefficient and output
Because this technology is implemented in the kyoto grape garden, the output of unit are is that kiwi fruit and grape consist of jointly, by implementing this technology, in the situation that does not affect vintage, the kiwi fruit Second Year is namely yielded positive results, and namely bears fruit in a large number in the 3rd year, and the coefficient of bearing fruit (single the number of bearing fruit) also obviously improves, as shown in table 1: bear fruit 2.85 of coefficients of the 3rd year Xu Xiang, 666.7m
2Output reaches 859.6kg; Bear fruit 3.1 of coefficients of Hayward, 666.7m
2Output reaches 700.6kg.And grape high quality fruit output is also unaffected.Thereby appropriateness is sheltered from heat or light on flower bud differentiation and the not impact of fruit quality of kiwi fruit.
Table 1: kiwi fruit and vintage situation
2, the day bright situation of photosynthetic active radiation and blade
Because the kiwi fruit blade is liked diffused light, at intense light irradiation high temperature season in summer, blade produces easily and burns day, by grape blocking light, absorb effectively radiation of a part, greatly reduce light to the direct projection of kiwi fruit, as shown in table 2: by the mensuration to grape and the effective radiation of kiwi fruit canopy photosynthesis in summer, the grape canopy has absorbed a large amount of effective radiation, be 49.36%, 38.19%, 44.3% in May in summer, June, grape canopy shading in three months July, for the growth of kiwi fruit provides well diffuse light conditions.Owing to high temperature and drought continuous many days of summer in 2012, kiwi fruit has effectively been protected in the shading of grape canopy in addition, does not almost have leaf development day to burn, and reaches more than 60% and burn the kiwi fruit blade day of outdoor cropping.
Table 2: the effective radiation issue of grape and kiwi fruit canopy photosynthesis situation (umol m
-2s
-1)
| Distribute | May 22 | June 25 | July 21 | September 1 |
| The grape canopy | 1156.9 | 867.02 | 1339.35 | 809.17 |
| The kiwi fruit canopy | 585.86 | 535.92 | 746 | 437 |
| Kiwi fruit lower floor | 99.62 | 108.1 | 70.7 | 30.3 |
The above only is embodiments of the invention; be not so limit claim of the present invention; every equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the stereo cultivation method of a kiwi fruit and grape is characterized in that:
1. be established as the basis with flat canopy grape trellis, frame face height 1.9m, grape trellis is North and South direction, the main line spacing 3 * 3m of grape trellis, the crosspoint of each main line is supported with fore-set, and the size of fore-set is long 2.2m, wide 7cm, thick 5cm;
2. rely on fore-set to set up two layers of T-shape hedge frame under grape trellis, for kiwi fruit provides climbing, orlop is hedge frame main line, and is parallel with grape trellis, North and South direction, and 90cm overhead, ground floor T-shape hedge frame is parallel with grape trellis, 115cm overhead, wide 45cm; Second layer T-shape hedge frame is parallel with ground floor, 155cm overhead, wide 100cm;
3. build the ridge along the fore-set North and South direction, with fore-set for building the ridge center line, row spacing 2m, the high 30cm in ridge, with furrow soil all back cuttings on the ridge, the wide 1m of furrow;
4. grape transplanting stock point is apart from fore-set 30cm, and initial seeding row spacing is 3 * 3m, stays a trunk direct growth to flat frame face, and along with the expansion of grape tree crown, intermediate cutting keeps flat frame face evenly to be covered with grape branch year by year;
5. the kiwi fruit seeding row spacing of planting is 3 * 3m, field planting is o'clock in the middle of two fore-sets, stay the upwards growth of a trunk, when growing into T-shape hedge frame main line, cultivate two major branches along hedge frame main line North and South direction, the fruit bearing shoot of sprouting on the major branch is that East and West direction lures and draws to the both sides of T-shape hedge frame, between same direction fruit bearing shoot apart from about 15cm-20cm;
6. during the kiwi fruit winter pruning, select as a result of female branch of the full branch of robust growth eye, between bearing basal shoot apart from 40-50cm, be distributed in the major branch both sides, remove unnecessary branch, then to the bearing basal shoot cutting back, keep the 5-8 bud, and with its reverse colligation on major branch, after the next year rudiment, lure between young sprout that to draw in the both sides of T-shape hedge frame be as a result of branch of East and West direction from about the 15cm-20cm, unnecessary bud is all erased, during the grape winter pruning, every square metre of canopy face stays 20-30 bud.
2. the stereo cultivation method of described kiwi fruit and grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stereo cultivation method also comprises according to the requirement of kiwi fruit to soil condition, employing evenly is sprinkling upon on the ridge with respect to the sand of the dark soil volume 5% of 40cm and 20% fertilizer, it is dark that 40cm is ploughed deeply on full ridge, soil is fully mixed, to increase the gas permeability of soil with sand, fertilizer.
3. the stereo cultivation method of described kiwi fruit and grape according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the photosynthetic active radiation that described grape can be kept the kiwi fruit canopy year by year behind the intermediate cutting reaches total radiation 50-60%.
4. according to claim 1 to the stereo cultivation method of 3 each described kiwi fruits and grape, it is characterized in that: the leaf area index that described grape will be kept the grape in summer behind the intermediate cutting year by year is at 2.0-2.5, for summer kiwi fruit provide and shade and windproof.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103593563A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-19 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for selecting natural secondary forest intermediate cutting object woods |
| CN103988689A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 太仓市泗洲农场专业合作社 | Sunlight diffusion mixed planting method for kiwi fruit trees |
| CN104221809A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2014-12-24 | 宿松县洲大现代农业发展有限公司 | Trapezoidal auxiliary system for grape planting |
| CN104429789A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | Stereoscopic cultivation method for epiphytic orchid and grape |
| CN104429788A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | Orchidacea plant and grape three-dimensional cultivation method |
| CN105519395A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 咸宁市信德现代农业科技有限公司 | Kiwifruit fishbone-shape simple pruning method |
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| CN107197747A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-09-26 | 王新华 | A kind of cultural method of Kiwi berry |
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| CN103593563A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-19 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for selecting natural secondary forest intermediate cutting object woods |
| CN103988689A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 太仓市泗洲农场专业合作社 | Sunlight diffusion mixed planting method for kiwi fruit trees |
| CN104221809A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2014-12-24 | 宿松县洲大现代农业发展有限公司 | Trapezoidal auxiliary system for grape planting |
| CN105519395A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 咸宁市信德现代农业科技有限公司 | Kiwifruit fishbone-shape simple pruning method |
| CN104429789A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | Stereoscopic cultivation method for epiphytic orchid and grape |
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| CN105557448B (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2018-12-25 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | A kind of suitable soil burial winter protection area grape double flat frame and viticultural method |
| CN105557448A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Dual-parallelism grape canopy frame and grape cultivation method suitable for soil-burying cold-proof area |
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| CN107197747A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-09-26 | 王新华 | A kind of cultural method of Kiwi berry |
| CN107197747B (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-01-17 | 王新华 | Cultivation method of kiwi fruits |
| CN109380043A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-26 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of tridimensional high-efficient cultivation method of apocarya and Kiwi berry |
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| CN107750748A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-03-06 | 张钦 | A kind of agricultural greenhouse pole for supporting plant |
| CN107750748B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2020-12-18 | 嘉兴恒益安全服务股份有限公司 | An agricultural greenhouse plant support rod |
| CN111642320A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for cultivating grapes in rotation mode |
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