CN104106382A - Propagation method for grafting Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh onto camellia maozi - Google Patents
Propagation method for grafting Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh onto camellia maozi Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a propagation method for grafting Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh onto camellia maozi. The propagation method comprises the steps of carrying out management cultivation of a camellia maozi nursery stock as a stock seed tree and the imported Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh nursery stock as a cutting seed tree, respectively, grafting the Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh cuttings on the camellia maozi cutting seedlings, and controlling the light, the relative humidity and the matrix moisture content in the nursery, thereby obtaining Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh grafted seedlings. The propagation method is characterized in that based on the excellent stock seedling application characteristics of the camellia maozi such as many branches, high germination power, thick and easily strippable bark, and high adaptability to natural environments of drought, flooding, acids, bases, salt and high temperatures, the Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh which is beautiful in leaf shape, flower and crown shape and high in ornamental value and garden development value is grafted on the camellia maozi, the grafting survival rate can be more than 98%, propagation can be expanded rapidly, the propagation coefficient is high, a large quantity of Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh seedlings can be obtained, and after about 5-6 months of management and protection, the grafted seedlings grow as high as 50-60cm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant asexual multiplication technology field, relate to the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima.
Background technology
Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima (Camellia tamdaoensis Hakoda et Ninh) belongs to Theaceae (Theaceae) Camellia (Camellia) Camellia nitidissima group (Section Chrysantha Chang) plant, it is a Camellia Section Chrysantha initial species that originates in Vietnam, Vietnam's three man of island country natural parks have distribution, therefore have another name called three island Camellia nitidissimas.The brightly yellowish look of Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, compares common golden flower camellia paler colour, Hua Jing 4～6cm, and leaf, colored type, crown type morphological appearance, ornamental value is high, has gardens exploitation and is worth, and it is large that scientific research is worth potentiality.Inst. of Forestry Science, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region introduces Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima from Vietnam, the introduction of this Camellia nitidissima supplements and has enriched China's Camellia nitidissima germ plasm resource, increased that China's Camellia nitidissima new varieties are bred and Quick for the test material developing, for China Camellia nitidissima Resource Cultivation and industry development provide good supporting role.
Owing to introducing, Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock resource is extremely limited and precious, has limited to a certain extent research, development and utilization to this new species.Therefore, adopting efficient asexual reproduction method is the Main Means of Kuo Fantamu island Camellia nitidissima.The asexual reproduction method of Camellia nitidissima mainly adopts grafting and two kinds of methods of cuttage at present; although cottage propagation is relatively easy; but growth of cuttage seedlings is slow, strain shape is not whole and be difficult to popularization; and the grafting obtaining by grafting is by the stock fast feature of growing; can rapid scale carry out Camellia nitidissima breeding; and can arrive ahead of time flowering stage, therefore grafting has become one of asexual fast numerous main method of current Camellia nitidissima.
At present the stock of grafting Camellia nitidissima plant is mainly the oil tea species with Camellia, use more have common oil tea (
c.oleifera), the large fruit oil tea of Bobai (
c.gigantocarpa) etc.But production practices for many years prove; although adopt these traditional oil tea species grafting Camellia nitidissima survival rates higher; but the Camellia nitidissima grafting after surviving in production application growth phase to slowly; growth cycle is longer; thereby restrict to a certain extent the fast development of Camellia nitidissima industry; therefore in the urgent need to adopting a kind of new anvil fringe combination to carry out Camellia nitidissima grafting; thereby realize the object of Camellia nitidissima Fast-propagation, and then the scale, the industrialization process that advance Camellia nitidissima artificial propagation to grow seedlings.
Purple (Camellia ' the maozi ') camellia of hair is the camellia new varieties that Inst. of Forestry Science, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region selects.The purple camellia login of camellia new varieties hair numbering: (camellia)-119 in 2013, Mao Zi; Wei Xiaojuan, Ma Jinlin, Li Kaixiang, Ye Hang, Liang Wen converges, " Chinese flower gardening ", the 12nd phase in 2013.The purple camellia plant strain growth of hair is rapid, strong, well developed root system, and resistance to half shade, has branch many, and the good characteristics such as rudiment power is strong, the easy stripping of skin depth, embody sufficient hybrid vigour.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the branch possessing for the purple camellia of hair is many, the multiple good rootstock seedling application characteristics such as rudiment power is strong, the easy stripping of skin depth, under the very limited condition of Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima elite stand resource, provide the propagation method of a kind of hair purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima that can obtain fast a large amount of good Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima graftings.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1, a propagation method for mao purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, it is waited to levy and is: comprise that stock elite stand is cultivated, grafting-trees is cultivated and propagation by grafiting operation; By respectively the purple camellia nursery stock of hair being managed and protected to cultivation as stock elite stand and introduction Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock as scion-seed tree, gathering Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima fringe bar grafts in the purple camellia cuttage seeding of hair cultivating in Seedlings nursery, and by controlling illumination in Seedlings nursery, relative moisture and water content of substrate, obtain Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling, its concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) stock elite stand is cultivated
(1) cultivation of the purple camellia nursery stock scion-seed tree of hair:
1. build cool canopy: select that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the more fertile plot of soil, transplanting before the purple camellia nursery stock of hair, putting up obscurity is that 50～60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
2. garden ground is prepared: to garden entirely cultivate, the wide 40cm of pavement is set, the wide 1m of furrow, furrow length, according to landform, digs trenches to drain the water away on the spot, hack is smooth, remove grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 25cm × 30cm the field planting bank that length is all not less than 20cm, every strain backfill table soil adds the fertilizer 250g and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, mixes thoroughly, is used as backfill table soil;
3. the female Miao Yizhi of the purple camellia of hair: the healthy and strong cuttage seeding of the purple camellia of hair more than the leading thread 0.3cm cultivating in being contained in nutrition cup at the beginning of mid-January～2 month, more than height 10cm is as female seedling, transplant in field planting bank, when backfill table soil, fill up bank cave, and a little more than bank face, the normal root water of drenching;
4. truncation is short sprouts: female Miao Dingzhi same day of the purple camellia of hair or second day, and cut and sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit;
5. the female Miao Guanli of the purple camellia of hair: the purple camellia Nursery stock transplanting of hair, after 30 days, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of executing a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; Adopt the female Miao Jinhang weeding of the purple camellia of hair after fringe, loosen the soil, every strain applies the fertilizer 150g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray according to a conventional method somatotropin simultaneously, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, again urge to sprout, get fringe for next cuttage and prepare;
(2) the purple camellia nursery stock cuttings of hair gathers and cuttage:
1. cuttings collection: in late March～early September, the stalwartness of clip 5～8cm length is without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified sprout, as cuttage cuttings from the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair;
2. fringe bar is pruned: cut off whole blades of the above 3～4cm of cuttings base portion, only retain 1～2 leaf on top, and 1～2 leaf retaining is cut into half leaf, then cuttings lower end is cut as angle shape;
3. disinfect: it is to take out after 0.5% carbendazim sterilization 15min that cuttings is immersed in to weight concentration, stand-by after rinsing with clear water;
(3) the purple camellia nursery stock of hair cuttage:
1. build cool canopy: in green house or in the booth of putting up, make cutting bed, it is that 50～60% cool canopies are in order to shading that cutting bed is put up obscurity before cuttage and seedling culture;
2. matrix preparation and container are put: the container that cutting medium is housed is neatly close to and is placed on cutting bed, and the liquor potassic permanganate 2～3d before cuttage that is 0.2～0.5% by weight concentration carries out disinfection to cutting medium;
3. the slurry of taking root is prepared: the hormotone solution being hybridly prepared into by a certain percentage with indole-3-butyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate powder, and add appropriate clean talcum powder to be uniformly mixed to be starchiness, making takes root starch for subsequent use;
4. cutting time: carry out the purple camellia cuttage of hair in spring, summer or autumn;
5. cottage method: first use the small wooden slightly thicker than diameter to insert an aperture when cuttage on cutting medium, then purple hair camellia cuttings base portion is fully soaked after being stained with the slurry of taking root and insert immediately in aperture, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2～1/3 of cutting length, blade can not juxtaposition, then by cuttings cutting medium compacting around; After cuttage, water immediately permeable double flushing blade 1 time, cuttings and cutting medium are combined closely;
(4) after the cuttage of the purple camellia nursery stock of hair, manage:
1. cuttage management: the purple camellia cuttings of hair after cuttage is encircleed to plastic film cover moisturizing immediately, keep water content of substrate 60～70%, relative moisture remains on more than 90%, and moisture preserving cover should not often be opened during this time; After cuttage, be wherein a kind of fertilizer aqueous solution of 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao, large fertile king in foliage-spray weight concentration every 7～10 days, until take root; Simultaneously be the wherein a kind of aqueous solution in 0.2～0.5% carbendazim or zineb, first phase topsin every within 7～10 days, spraying 1 weight concentration, infect with preventing disease and pest; Cuttings is if any drying up, go mouldy and falling leaves and will remove in time during this time;
2. management after taking root:
A, short bud: after the purple camellia cuttage rooting of hair, the cuttings of not rudiment is urged to bud processing with the 6-BA liquid of 300～500mg/L;
B, hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduce gradually water spray frequency and carry out hardening;
After c, hardening, manage: mainly carry out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, in the time that the purple camellia nursery stock of hair grows tall 10～15cm, can be used as stock for subsequent use;
(2) grafting-trees is cultivated
(1) build cool canopy: selection physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the more fertile plot of soil, before the Camellia nitidissima seedling transplanting of Ta Mu island, putting up obscurity is that 50～60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
(2) garden ground is prepared: to garden entirely cultivate, the wide 40cm of pavement is set, the wide 1m of furrow, furrow length, according to landform, digs trenches to drain the water away on the spot, hack is smooth, remove grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 50cm × 50cm the field planting bank that length is not less than 40cm; Execute decomposed dung or compost 2.0～2.5kg to each field planting bank, add fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.0～2.0kg simultaneously, and mix thoroughly and make base manure with table soil;
(3) female Miao Yizhi: at the beginning of mid-January～2 month by more than introducing from Vietnam the leading thread 0.4cm that is contained in nutrition cup maintenance, the height above Ta Mu of 15cm island Camellia nitidissima healthy seedling carpentery workshop is that female Miao Yizhi is in field planting bank, when backfill table soil, fill up bank cave, and a little more than bank face, the normal root water of drenching;
(4) truncation is short sprouts: female Miao Dingzhi same day of Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima or second day, and cut and sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit;
(5) female Miao Guanli: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima Nursery stock transplanting, after 30 days, drenched every 15 days and executes the conventional compound rich water liquid of weight concentration 0.5～1.0% one time, and artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; To adopting the female Miao Jinhang weeding of fringe Hou Tamu island Camellia nitidissima, loosen the soil and every strain applies the fertilizer 250g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray according to a conventional method somatotropin simultaneously, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, again urge to sprout, get fringe for the Camellia nitidissima grafting of next Ta Mu island and prepare;
(3) propagation by grafiting:
(1) build cool canopy: before grafting, in the ground, garden of cultivating the purple camellia of hair, put up cool canopy in order to shading; Degree of shading reaches 80～90%;
(2) scion collection: Cong Tamu island Camellia nitidissima elite stand clip stalwartness without the full semi-lignified of damage by disease and insect, eye to lignification branch as scion; Scion, with adopting with connecing, is noted moisturizing;
(3) grafting time: the four seasons all can be carried out grafting, with two season of autumn in summer the best, the summer connects the first tenday period of a month～mid-June in May, and the autumn connects early September～mid-October;
(4) grafting: using the purple camellia cuttage seeding of hair that cultivates in garden as stock, carry out grafting by cut-grafting method or cleft graft;
(5) moisturizing: encircle immediately plastic film cover moisturizing after grafting, each grafting bed is an independent moisturizing unit, in cover, humidity remains on 80～90%, and moisture preserving cover should not often be opened during this time;
(6) managing after grafting:
1. solution is tied up and is torn film open: good when grafting nursery stock interface healing, when 60% above plant scion Germination to Frondescent, moisture preserving cover is removed, scion is taken out the aging rear timely solution of the tip and is tied up, and carry out remove sprout, rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work;
2. short bud: after grafting survival, the scion of not rudiment is urged to bud processing with the 6-BA liquid of 300～500mg/L;
3. hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduce gradually water spray frequency and carry out hardening;
4. after hardening, manage: mainly carry out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, Dai Tamu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling can go out garden while growing tall 15cm～20cm.
Truncation described in above step () and step (two) is short to be sprouted its method and is: the base portion in the female seedling of the hair female Miao Huotamu of purple camellia island Camellia nitidissima blocks apart from 10～15cm place, ground, and to be applied to weight concentration be 0.5～1.0% the compound rich water liquid of commonly using.
Cutting medium in above step () described in the cuttage of the purple camellia nursery stock of hair is to adopt clean fresh yellow soil to mix and form by the volume ratio of 4:1 with clean river sand.
Hormotone solution described in when slurry is taken root in the purple camellia nursery stock cuttage preparation of hair in above step () is after adding a small amount of 95% industrial alcohol to dissolve after mixing in the ratio of 10～20:1 with methyl α-naphthyl acetate mixed-powder with indole-3-butyric acid, then is mixed with the hormotone solution of 1500～2000mg/L with distilled water.
Cut-grafting method described in when above step (three) grafting is to cut disconnectedly from the perfectly straight place of stock base portion 5～10cm, selects a more smooth side that a little is pruned in edge, forms an inclined side, then cuts downward vertically dark 1.0～1.2cm along inclined-plane from forming a layer position; Select smooth back of the body bud one side of scion, down cut out a level and smooth tangent plane apart from bud 0.4～0.5cm place, be deep to phloem, bevel is long consistent with stock otch, then is whittled into 20～30 ° of inclined-plane intersections with it in its reverse side lower end, and bevel is smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted to the stock interface cutting, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, when colligation, will strain, and prevent that scion from moving.
Cleft graft described in when above step (three) grafting is to cut disconnectedly from the perfectly straight place of stock base portion 5～10cm, more vertically splits down dark 1.0～1.2cm along medulla; Be whittled into double inclined plane in the both sides of scion bud and be wedge shape, bevel becomes 30 °, and bevel is long consistent with stock otch, and bevel is level and smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted to the stock interface of riving, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, when colligation, will strain, and prevent that scion from moving.
Managing after grafting described in above step (three) propagation by grafiting is to be 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao or a kind of fertilizer aqueous solution of large fertile Wang Qizhong in foliage-spray weight concentration every 7～10 days, spray 1 weight concentration simultaneously and be 0.2～0.5% carbendazim or zineb or wherein a kind of aqueous solution of first phase topsin, infect with preventing disease and pest until take root; Simultaneously in conjunction with the following stock rudiment bar of extracting out of the grafting part that manually weeds out the rank grass and erase, to concentrate Nutrients uptake scion growth.
Than prior art, advantage and beneficial effect that the present invention has are as follows:
1, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, in the time of the female Miao Yizhi of the female Miao Yizhi Huo Tamu of the purple camellia of hair island Camellia nitidissima, apply enough abundant decomposed dung or compost, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, this provides sufficient base manure for female Miao Shengchang, growth is rapid, well developed root system.
2, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima wood seedling relies on the advantageous feature of the purple camellia of stock hair to the stronger adaptive capacity of the natural environments such as drought, waterlogging, acid, alkali, salt, high temperature, scion and stock energy quickly-healing are also sprouted young sprout, and the young sprout growth of sprouting rapidly, managing and protecting about 5～6 months grafting wood seedling, to grow to 50～60cm high.
3, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, the purple camellia plant strain growth of hair of cultivating as stock is rapid, strong, well developed root system, resistance to half shade, has branch many, the good characteristics such as rudiment power is strong, the easy stripping of skin depth, grafting recovers soon, survival rate is high, and container seedling convenient management, simple to operate, the container grafting survival rate cultivating is high.
4, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, produce the drought resisting of Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling, waterlogging-resistant, wind resistance, diseases and insect pests resistance strong, after being used for afforesting, plant strain shape is elegant in appearance, flourishing, leaf, colored type, crown type morphological appearance, ornamental value is high, within 3～4 years, can bloom successively, arrive and bloom the Sheng phase ahead of time, produce ahead of time economic benefit, have gardens exploitation and be worth.
5, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, the cut-grafting or the cleft grafting grafting that use, effect is better than additive method, in this grafting method, scion, the division of stock base portion phloem cambial cell enliven, and vitality is vigorous, simultaneously, because the contact area of stock and scion is larger, be conducive to accelerate the cambial healing in composition surface and improve graft survival rate, graft survival rate can be up to more than 98%.
6, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, selected culture medium raw material are easy to get, and prepare simple and conveniently, and propagation method is easily implemented.
7, the propagation method of hair of the present invention purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima, cost is low, simple to operate, expands numerous soon, and reproduction coefficient is high, obtains Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock quantity large, has good economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A propagation method for mao purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima,
(1) stock elite stand is cultivated
(1) cultivation of the purple camellia nursery stock scion-seed tree of hair:
1. build cool canopy: select that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the more fertile plot of soil, transplanting before the purple camellia nursery stock of hair, putting up obscurity is that 50～60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
2. garden ground is prepared: to garden entirely cultivate, the wide 40cm of pavement is set, the wide 1m of furrow, furrow length, according to landform, digs trenches to drain the water away on the spot, hack is smooth, remove grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 25cm × 30cm the field planting bank that length is all not less than 20cm, every strain backfill table soil adds the fertilizer 250g and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, mixes thoroughly, is used as backfill table soil;
3. the female Miao Yizhi of the purple camellia of hair: the healthy and strong cuttage seeding of the purple camellia of hair more than the leading thread 0.3cm cultivating in being contained in nutrition cup at the beginning of mid-January～2 month, more than height 10cm is as female seedling, transplant in field planting bank, when backfill table soil, fill up bank cave, and a little more than bank face, the normal root water of drenching;
4. truncation is short sprouts: female Miao Dingzhi same day of the purple camellia of hair or second day, and cut and sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit, block apart from 10～15cm place, ground in the base portion of the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair, and to be applied to weight concentration be 0.5～1.0% the compound rich water liquid of commonly using;
5. the female Miao Guanli of the purple camellia of hair: the purple camellia Nursery stock transplanting of hair, after 30 days, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of executing a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; Adopt the female Miao Jinhang weeding of the purple camellia of hair after fringe, loosen the soil, every strain applies the fertilizer 150g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray according to a conventional method somatotropin simultaneously, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, again urge to sprout, get fringe for next cuttage and prepare;
(2) the purple camellia nursery stock cuttings of hair gathers and cuttage:
1. cuttings collection: in late March～early September, the stalwartness of clip 5～8cm length is without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified sprout, as cuttage cuttings from the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair;
2. fringe bar is pruned: cut off whole blades of the above 3～4cm of cuttings base portion, only retain 1～2 leaf on top, and 1～2 leaf retaining is cut into half leaf, then cuttings lower end is cut as angle shape;
3. disinfect: it is to take out after 0.5% carbendazim sterilization 15min that cuttings is immersed in to weight concentration, stand-by after rinsing with clear water;
(3) the purple camellia nursery stock of hair cuttage:
1. build cool canopy: in green house or in the booth of putting up, make cutting bed, it is that 50～60% cool canopies are in order to shading that cutting bed is put up obscurity before cuttage and seedling culture;
2. matrix preparation and container are put: the container that cutting medium is housed is neatly close to and is placed on cutting bed, and the liquor potassic permanganate 2～3d before cuttage that is 0.2～0.5% by weight concentration carries out disinfection to cutting medium; Hair purple camellia nursery stock cuttage containers size used is sack diameter 9～12cm, plastic sack or the nonwoven Seedling bag of the high 14～16cm of cup; Described cutting medium loading height and sack remains basically stable or slightly lower than sack 2cm～3cm; Cutting medium is to adopt clean fresh yellow soil to mix and form by the volume ratio of 4:1 with clean river sand;
3. the slurry of taking root is prepared: after adding a small amount of 95% industrial alcohol to dissolve after mixing in the ratio of 10～20:1 with methyl α-naphthyl acetate powder with indole-3-butyric acid, be mixed with again the hormotone solution of 1500～2000mg/L with distilled water, and add appropriate clean talcum powder to be uniformly mixed to be starchiness, making the slurry of taking root for subsequent use;
4. cutting time: carry out the purple camellia cuttage of hair in spring, summer or autumn;
5. cottage method: first use the small wooden slightly thicker than diameter to insert an aperture when cuttage on cutting medium, then purple hair camellia cuttings base portion is fully soaked after being stained with the slurry of taking root and insert immediately in aperture, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2～1/3 of cutting length, blade can not juxtaposition, then by cuttings cutting medium compacting around; After cuttage, water immediately permeable double flushing blade 1 time, cuttings and cutting medium are combined closely;
(4) after the cuttage of the purple camellia nursery stock of hair, manage:
1. cuttage management: the purple camellia cuttings of hair after cuttage is encircleed to plastic film cover moisturizing immediately, keep water content of substrate 60～70%, relative moisture remains on more than 90%, and moisture preserving cover should not often be opened during this time; After cuttage, be wherein a kind of fertilizer aqueous solution of 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao, large fertile king in foliage-spray weight concentration every 7～10 days, until take root; Simultaneously be the wherein a kind of aqueous solution in 0.2～0.5% carbendazim or zineb, first phase topsin every within 7～10 days, spraying 1 weight concentration, infect with preventing disease and pest; Cuttings is if any drying up, go mouldy and falling leaves and will remove in time during this time;
2. management after taking root:
A, short bud: after the purple camellia cuttage rooting of hair, the cuttings of not rudiment is urged to bud processing with the 6-BA liquid of 300～500mg/L;
B, hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduce gradually water spray frequency and carry out hardening;
After c, hardening, manage: mainly carry out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, in the time that the purple camellia nursery stock of hair grows tall 10～15cm, can be used as stock for subsequent use;
(2) grafting-trees is cultivated
(1) build cool canopy: selection physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the more fertile plot of soil, before the Camellia nitidissima seedling transplanting of Ta Mu island, putting up obscurity is that 50～60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
(2) garden ground is prepared: to garden entirely cultivate, the wide 40cm of pavement is set, the wide 1m of furrow, furrow length, according to landform, digs trenches to drain the water away on the spot, hack is smooth, remove grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 50cm × 50cm the field planting bank that length is not less than 40cm; Execute decomposed dung or compost 2.0～2.5kg to each field planting bank, add fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.0～2.0kg simultaneously, and mix thoroughly and make base manure with table soil;
(3) female Miao Yizhi: at the beginning of mid-January～2 month by more than introducing from Vietnam the leading thread 0.4cm that is contained in nutrition cup maintenance, the height above Ta Mu of 15cm island Camellia nitidissima healthy seedling carpentery workshop is that female Miao Yizhi is in field planting bank, when backfill table soil, fill up bank cave, and a little more than bank face, the normal root water of drenching;
(4) truncation is short sprouts: female Miao Dingzhi same day of Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima or second day, cut and sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit, the base portion of the female seedling of Ji Yutamu island Camellia nitidissima blocks apart from 10～15cm place, ground, and to be applied to weight concentration be 0.5～1.0% the compound rich water liquid of commonly using;
(5) female Miao Guanli: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima Nursery stock transplanting, after 30 days, drenched every 15 days and executes the conventional compound rich water liquid of weight concentration 0.5～1.0% one time, and artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; To adopting the female Miao Jinhang weeding of fringe Hou Tamu island Camellia nitidissima, loosen the soil and every strain applies the fertilizer 250g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed, spray according to a conventional method somatotropin simultaneously, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, again urge to sprout, get fringe for the Camellia nitidissima grafting of next Ta Mu island and prepare;
(3) propagation by grafiting:
(1) build cool canopy: before grafting, in the ground, garden of cultivating the purple camellia of hair, put up cool canopy in order to shading; Degree of shading reaches 80～90%;
(2) scion collection: Cong Tamu island Camellia nitidissima elite stand clip stalwartness without the full semi-lignified of damage by disease and insect, eye to lignification branch as scion; Scion, with adopting with connecing, is noted moisturizing;
(3) grafting time: the four seasons all can be carried out grafting, with two season of autumn in summer the best, the summer connects the first tenday period of a month～mid-June in May, and the autumn connects early September～mid-October;
(4) grafting: using the purple camellia cuttage seeding of hair that cultivates in garden as stock, carry out grafting by cut-grafting method or cleft graft; Described cut-grafting method is to cut disconnectedly from the perfectly straight place of stock base portion 5～10cm, selects a more smooth side that a little is pruned in edge, forms an inclined side, then cuts downward vertically dark 1.0～1.2cm along inclined-plane from forming a layer position; Select smooth back of the body bud one side of scion, down cut out a level and smooth tangent plane apart from bud 0.4～0.5cm place, be deep to phloem, bevel is long consistent with stock otch, then is whittled into 20～30 ° of inclined-plane intersections with it in its reverse side lower end, and bevel is smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted to the stock interface cutting, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, when colligation, will strain, and prevent that scion from moving.Described cleft graft is to cut disconnectedly from the perfectly straight place of stock base portion 5～10cm, more vertically splits down dark 1.0～1.2cm along medulla; Be whittled into double inclined plane in the both sides of scion bud and be wedge shape, bevel becomes 30 °, and bevel is long consistent with stock otch, and bevel is level and smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted to the stock interface of riving, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, when colligation, will strain, and prevent that scion from moving.
(5) moisturizing: encircle immediately plastic film cover moisturizing after grafting, each grafting bed is an independent moisturizing unit, in cover, humidity remains on 80～90%, and moisture preserving cover should not often be opened during this time;
(6) managing after grafting:
1. solution is tied up and is torn film open: good when grafting nursery stock interface healing, when 60% above plant scion Germination to Frondescent, moisture preserving cover is removed, scion is taken out the aging rear timely solution of the tip and is tied up, and carry out remove sprout, rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work;
2. short bud: after grafting survival, the scion of not rudiment is urged to bud processing with the 6-BA liquid of 300～500mg/L;
3. hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduce gradually water spray frequency and carry out hardening;
4. after hardening, manage: mainly carry out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, be 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao or a kind of fertilizer aqueous solution of large fertile Wang Qizhong in foliage-spray weight concentration every 7～10 days, spray 1 weight concentration simultaneously and be 0.2～0.5% carbendazim or zineb or wherein a kind of aqueous solution of first phase topsin, infect with preventing disease and pest until take root; In conjunction with the following stock rudiment bar of extracting out of the grafting part that manually weeds out the rank grass and erase, to concentrate Nutrients uptake scion growth, Dai Tamu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling can go out garden while growing tall 15cm～20cm simultaneously.
Claims (7)
1. a propagation method for the purple camellia grafting Ta Mu of hair island Camellia nitidissima, it is waited to levy and is: comprise that stock elite stand is cultivated, grafting-trees is cultivated and propagation by grafiting operation; By respectively the purple camellia nursery stock of hair being managed and protected to cultivation as stock elite stand and introduction Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima nursery stock as scion-seed tree, gathering Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima fringe bar grafts in the purple camellia cuttage seeding of hair cultivating in Seedlings nursery, and by controlling illumination in Seedlings nursery, relative moisture and water content of substrate, obtain Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling, its concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) stock elite stand is cultivated
(1) cultivation of the purple camellia nursery stock scion-seed tree of hair:
1. build cool canopy: select that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the more fertile plot of soil, transplanting before the purple camellia nursery stock of hair, putting up obscurity is that 50～60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
2. garden ground is prepared: to garden entirely cultivate, the wide 40cm of pavement is set, the wide 1m of furrow, furrow length, according to landform, digs trenches to drain the water away on the spot, hack is smooth, remove grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 25cm × 30cm the field planting bank that length is all not less than 20cm, every strain backfill table soil adds the fertilizer 250g and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, mixes thoroughly, is used as backfill table soil;
3. the female Miao Yizhi of the purple camellia of hair: the healthy and strong cuttage seeding of the purple camellia of hair more than the leading thread 0.3cm cultivating in being contained in nutrition cup at the beginning of mid-January～2 month, more than height 10cm is as female seedling, transplant in field planting bank, when backfill table soil, fill up bank cave, and a little more than bank face, the normal root water of drenching;
4. truncation is short sprouts: female Miao Dingzhi same day of the purple camellia of hair or second day, and cut and sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit;
5. the female Miao Guanli of the purple camellia of hair: the purple camellia Nursery stock transplanting of hair, after 30 days, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of executing a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; Adopt the female Miao Jinhang weeding of the purple camellia of hair after fringe, loosen the soil, every strain applies the fertilizer 150g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray according to a conventional method somatotropin simultaneously, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, again urge to sprout, get fringe for next cuttage and prepare;
(2) the purple camellia nursery stock cuttings of hair gathers and cuttage:
1. cuttings collection: in late March～early September, the stalwartness of clip 5～8cm length is without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified sprout, as cuttage cuttings from the female seedling of the purple camellia of hair;
2. matrix preparation and container are put: the container that cutting medium is housed is neatly close to and is placed on cutting bed, and the liquor potassic permanganate 2～3d before cuttage that is 0.2～0.5% by weight concentration carries out disinfection to cutting medium;
3. the slurry of taking root is prepared: the hormotone solution being hybridly prepared into by a certain percentage with indole-3-butyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate powder, and add appropriate clean talcum powder to be uniformly mixed to be starchiness, making takes root starch for subsequent use;
4. cottage method: first use the small wooden slightly thicker than diameter to insert an aperture when cuttage on cutting medium, then purple hair camellia cuttings base portion is fully soaked after being stained with the slurry of taking root and insert immediately in aperture, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/2～1/3 of cutting length, blade can not juxtaposition, then by cuttings cutting medium compacting around; After cuttage, water immediately permeable double flushing blade 1 time, cuttings and cutting medium are combined closely; After cuttage, be wherein a kind of fertilizer aqueous solution of 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao, large fertile king in foliage-spray weight concentration every 7～10 days, until take root; Simultaneously be the wherein a kind of aqueous solution in 0.2～0.5% carbendazim or zineb, first phase topsin every within 7～10 days, spraying 1 weight concentration, infect with preventing disease and pest; Cuttings is if any drying up, go mouldy and falling leaves and will remove in time during this time; In the time that growing tall 10～15cm, the purple camellia nursery stock of hair can be used as stock for subsequent use;
Grafting-trees is cultivated
(1) build cool canopy: selection physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the more fertile plot of soil, before the Camellia nitidissima seedling transplanting of Ta Mu island, putting up obscurity is that 50～60% cool canopies are in order to shading;
(2) garden ground is prepared: to garden entirely cultivate, the wide 40cm of pavement is set, the wide 1m of furrow, furrow length, according to landform, digs trenches to drain the water away on the spot, hack is smooth, remove grass roots; Dig by seeding row spacing 50cm × 50cm the field planting bank that length is not less than 40cm; Execute decomposed dung or compost 2.0～2.5kg to each field planting bank, add fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.0～2.0kg simultaneously, and mix thoroughly and make base manure with table soil;
(3) female Miao Yizhi: at the beginning of mid-January～2 month by more than introducing from Vietnam the leading thread 0.4cm that is contained in nutrition cup maintenance, the height above Ta Mu of 15cm island Camellia nitidissima healthy seedling carpentery workshop is that female Miao Yizhi is in field planting bank, when backfill table soil, fill up bank cave, and a little more than bank face, the normal root water of drenching;
(4) truncation is short sprouts: female Miao Dingzhi same day of Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima or second day, and cut and sprout female Miao Jinhang truncation is short by profit;
(5) female Miao Guanli: Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima Nursery stock transplanting, after 30 days, drenched every 15 days and executes the conventional compound rich water liquid of weight concentration 0.5～1.0% one time, and artificial weeding, wants trickle after pulling out before pulling out; To adopting the female Miao Jinhang weeding of fringe Hou Tamu island Camellia nitidissima, loosen the soil and every strain applies the fertilizer 250g, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g that become thoroughly decomposed, spray according to a conventional method somatotropin simultaneously, drenched the conventional compound rich water liquid of a weight concentration 0.5～1.0% every 15 days, again urge to sprout, get fringe for the Camellia nitidissima grafting of next Ta Mu island and prepare;
(3) propagation by grafiting:
(1) build cool canopy: before grafting, in the ground, garden of cultivating the purple camellia of hair, put up cool canopy in order to shading; Degree of shading reaches 80～90%;
(2) scion collection: Cong Tamu island Camellia nitidissima elite stand clip stalwartness without the full semi-lignified of damage by disease and insect, eye to lignification branch as scion; Scion, with adopting with connecing, is noted moisturizing;
(3) grafting time: the four seasons all can be carried out grafting, with two season of autumn in summer the best, the summer connects the first tenday period of a month～mid-June in May, and the autumn connects early September～mid-October;
(4) grafting: using the purple camellia cuttage seeding of hair that cultivates in garden as stock, carry out grafting by cut-grafting method or cleft graft;
(5) moisturizing: encircle immediately plastic film cover moisturizing after grafting, each grafting bed is an independent moisturizing unit, in cover, humidity remains on 80～90%, and moisture preserving cover should not often be opened during this time;
(6) managing after grafting:
1. solution is tied up and is torn film open: good when grafting nursery stock interface healing, when 60% above plant scion Germination to Frondescent, moisture preserving cover is removed, scion is taken out the aging rear timely solution of the tip and is tied up, and carry out remove sprout, rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work;
2. short bud: after grafting survival, the scion of not rudiment is urged to bud processing with the 6-BA liquid of 300～500mg/L;
3. hardening: take root latter 15 days, reduce gradually water spray frequency and carry out hardening;
4. after hardening, manage: mainly carry out the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect, Dai Tamu island Camellia nitidissima grafting wood seedling can go out garden while growing tall 15cm～20cm.
2. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is waited to levy and is: the truncation described in step () and step (two) is short to be sprouted its method and be: the base portion in the female seedling of the hair female Miao Huotamu of purple camellia island Camellia nitidissima blocks apart from 10～15cm place, ground, and to be applied to weight concentration be 0.5～1.0% the compound rich water liquid of commonly using.
3. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is waited to levy and is: the cutting medium in step () described in the cuttage of the purple camellia nursery stock of hair is to adopt clean fresh yellow soil to mix and form by the volume ratio of 4:1 with clean river sand.
4. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is wait levying: the hormotone solution described in when slurry is taken root in the purple camellia nursery stock cuttage preparation of hair in step () is after adding a small amount of 95% industrial alcohol to dissolve after mixing in the ratio of 10～20:1 with methyl α-naphthyl acetate mixed-powder with indole-3-butyric acid, then is mixed with the hormotone solution of 1500～2000mg/L with distilled water.
5. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is wait levying: the cut-grafting method described in when step (three) grafting is to cut disconnected from the perfectly straight place of stock base portion 5～10cm, select a more smooth side that a little is pruned in edge, form an inclined side, cut downward vertically darker 1.0～1.2cm along inclined-plane from forming layer position; Select smooth back of the body bud one side of scion, down cut out a level and smooth tangent plane apart from bud 0.4～0.5cm place, be deep to phloem, bevel is long consistent with stock otch, then is whittled into 20～30 ° of inclined-plane intersections with it in its reverse side lower end, and bevel is smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted to the stock interface cutting, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, when colligation, will strain, and prevent that scion from moving.
6. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is wait levying: the cleft graft described in when step (three) grafting is to cut disconnected from the perfectly straight place of stock base portion 5～10cm, vertically split down darker 1.0～1.2cm along medulla; Be whittled into double inclined plane in the both sides of scion bud and be wedge shape, bevel becomes 30 °, and bevel is long consistent with stock otch, and bevel is level and smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf; The scion of cutting is inserted to the stock interface of riving, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud, in outside, is finally used the tighten scion from bottom to top of grafting special plastic film strip, when colligation, will strain, and prevent that scion from moving.
7. the propagation method of a kind of mao of purple camellia grafting Ta Mu island Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, it is waited to levy and is: the managing after grafting described in step (three) propagation by grafiting is to be 0.2～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Ye Mian Bao or a kind of fertilizer aqueous solution of large fertile Wang Qizhong in foliage-spray weight concentration every 7～10 days, spray 1 weight concentration simultaneously and be 0.2～0.5% carbendazim or zineb or wherein a kind of aqueous solution of first phase topsin, infect with preventing disease and pest until take root; Simultaneously in conjunction with the following stock rudiment bar of extracting out of the grafting part that manually weeds out the rank grass and erase, to concentrate Nutrients uptake scion growth.
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| CN111657041A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 南京农业大学 | Efficient rapid propagation method for improving tea seedling resistance |
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