CN102812838A - Propagation method of camellia amplexicaulis cohen stuart by using shoot cutting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for propagating the tender branch cuttings of Vietnamese stalk tea. Firstly, the mother seedlings cultivated through seedling growth are used as ear-picking mother seedlings to be transplanted to a nursery where decomposed organic fertilizer and calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus fertilizer are used as base fertilizers, with a row spacing of 25 cm. ×30cm for cultivation, truncate the top of the base of the mother plant at a distance of 10-15cm from the ground to promote germination, collect cuttings with 5-8cm long spikes and place them in a cutting bed equipped with cutting substrates, and control the light, relative humidity and substrate content in the cutting beds. The amount of water is used to obtain the cutting seedlings of Vietnamese stalk tea. This method adopts the nursery field of mother seedling cultivation to select open-air plots to be raised and densely planted. The root system of mother seedlings is developed, the growth is fast, and the growth of sprouted branches is also fast. Cutting branches are short, which can shorten the interval time of cutting cuttings and improve the reproduction efficiency. Cutting propagation can be carried out 5 to 6 times a year. The number of seedlings obtained is large, the production cost is low, the consumables are less, the operation is simple, and the supply of cuttings is large. , better economic benefits.

Description

The Propagation Method of Twig Cuttings of Vietnamese Humbering Tea

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation, and relates to a method for propagating the tender branch cuttings of Vietnamese clam tea.

Background technique

Camellia amplexicaulis (Pitard) Cohen Stuart belongs to the Section Archecamellia Sealy of the Theaceae family (Theaceae), with purple-red flowers, spherical buds, large leaves, and leaf-base clasping stems. Named "hugging stem tea", it has shade-loving characteristics. Under suitable cultivation conditions, it can bloom all year round, and the plant type is compact and the leaf shape is peculiar. It is an excellent garden greening and indoor foliage and flowering plant cultivation. It is also one of the parental materials for cultivating new varieties of Camellia that bloom in four seasons. Due to these rare and special ecological characteristics of Vietnamese stalk tea, it has aroused great interest among camellia lovers. In recent years, the market development and utilization have been very active. And because of its four-season flowering characteristics, it has been developed as a high-end indoor potted plant in recent years. It is highly praised by the Luanxiao flower market, with high economic value and broad development prospects.

At present, Vietnamese stalk teas are grown with seeds (seeds), and Vietnamese stalk teas are only distributed in natural forests in Vietnam. The seedlings used in the market are all from Vietnam, and the seeds of Vietnamese stalk teas germinate for a long time , It takes almost a year to accelerate germination by sand storage, the cultivation period is long, and the cost of seedling cultivation is high, which greatly limits the scale of sexual reproduction, and the offspring of sexual reproduction are highly variable, which is not conducive to the large-scale production of Vietnamese stalk tea And development and application, so adopting asexual reproduction is the main means to solve the shortage of current Vietnamese stalk tea seedling resources.

The present invention has been proven through many years of experiments. Aiming at the characteristics of strong germination ability of Vietnamese stalk tea, the mother seedlings for ear picking are firstly planted and cultivated in the nursery, and then they are cut to promote germination and ear cuttings. This method is beneficial to the nursery. Land conditions are not strict, management is convenient, and the number of spikes provided is large.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to aim at the deficiencies of the traditional sexual reproduction technology, and provide a kind of propagation method of the cuttings of Vietnamese stalk tea twigs with short cultivation period, few consumable materials and low cost.

The present invention is achieved like this:

A method for propagating cuttings of Vietnamese tea twigs, including mother tree cultivation, collection and processing of cuttings, cuttings and post-cutting management procedures, the waiting feature is: transplanting the mother seedlings cultivated through seedlings as ear-picking mother seedlings to Cultivate and promote germination in the nursery, collect cuttings from cuttings and place them in a cutting bed equipped with a cutting substrate, control the light, relative humidity and water content of the substrate in the cutting bed, and obtain cutting seedlings of Vietnamese stalk tea. The operation steps are as follows:

(1) Mother tree cultivation:

① Build a shade shed: Before transplanting seedlings, set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 50-60% for shade;

② Nursery preparation: Choose a plot with flat terrain, leeward to the sun, convenient drainage and irrigation, and relatively fertile soil, and carry out full reclamation of the nursery. Level the soil and remove grass roots; dig a planting sill with a length, width, and height of not less than 20cm according to the row spacing of 25cm×30cm, add 250g of decomposed organic fertilizer and 250g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the topsoil of each plant backfill, mix well, and use it as backfill topsoil;

③Mother seedling transplantation: From mid-January to early February, the healthy seedlings with a diameter of 0.4 cm or more and a height of 15 cm or more that have been cultivated through seedlings and placed in nutrition cups are transplanted as mother seedlings in the planting ridge. When backfilling the topsoil Fill up the ridge point, and slightly higher than the ridge surface, drench with fixed root water;

④Truncation to promote germination: on the day or the second day after the mother seedlings are planted, use sharp scissors to truncate the mother plant to promote germination;

⑤Mother seedling management: 30 days after the seedlings are transplanted, spray 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water solution every 15 days, artificial weeding, and water before pulling out; Add 150g of decomposed organic fertilizer and 150g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, spray growth hormone at the same time, and pour 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water solution every 15 days to promote germination again and prepare for the next cutting ear picking;

(2) Collection and processing of cuttings:

① Collection of cuttings: From April to early September, cut 5-8cm long robust, pest-free, semi-lignified twigs from the mother tree for cuttings, and use them as cuttings;

②Pruning of cuttings: cut off all the leaves 3-4cm above the base of the collected cuttings, keep only 1-2 leaves on the upper part, and cut the remaining 1-2 leaves into half leaves, and then cut the lower end of the cuttings into oblique shape;

③ Disinfection treatment: Soak the cuttings in 0.5% carbendazim for 15 minutes, take them out and rinse them with clean water before use;

④ Hormone treatment: prepare indole-3-butyric acid into a 1000mg/L solution, soak the bases of the sterilized cuttings in batches in the indole-3-butyric acid solution for 15-20 minutes, and then remove them for 2-3 minutes. Minutes air-dried and cuttages immediately;

(3) Cuttings:

① Build a shade shed: Make a cutting bed in a greenhouse or a well-built greenhouse, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 50-60% before cutting seedlings to prepare for shade;

② Cutting time: cuttings can be carried out in spring, summer or autumn;

③ Cutting method: Cuttings are carried out on the cutting bed with a row spacing of 4cm×6cm. When cutting, first use a small wooden stick slightly thicker than the diameter of the cuttings to insert a small hole in the seedbed, and then insert the cuttings into the substrate. The cutting depth is 1/2 to 1/3 of the length of the cuttings. The matrix is compacted; immediately after the cuttings, pour water once and rinse the leaves, so that the cuttings and the matrix are tightly combined;

(4) Management after cutting:

① Cutting management: Immediately cover the cuttings with a plastic film to keep moisture after cutting, keep the water content of the matrix at 60% to 70%, and keep the relative humidity above 90%. During this period, the moisturizing cover should not be uncovered frequently; Spray 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Yemianbao, Dafeiwang on the foliage every day until rooting; at the same time, spray 0.2-0.5% carbendazim or Zinc methazine every 7-10 days Tobujin during the period to prevent infestation by diseases and insect pests; during the period, if the cuttings are dry, mildewed and fallen leaves, they should be removed in time;

② Management after rooting:

a. Promoting germination: after the cuttings take root, use 0.5-1 mg/kg triacontanol medicinal solution to treat the ungerminated cuttings to promote germination;

b, seedling hardening: 15 days after rooting, gradually reduce the frequency of water spraying and harden the seedlings;

c. Management after seedling hardening: Mainly do a good job in fertilizer and water management and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. When the seedlings grow 10-15cm high, they can go out of the nursery.

The above-mentioned method of truncating the top to promote germination is to truncate the base of the mother plant at a distance of 10-15 cm from the ground, and apply a compound fertilizer water solution with a concentration of 0.5-1.0%.

The cutting bed mentioned above is set to be 30cm high, 100cm wide, and 6m to 8m long; clean and fresh river sand or pebbles are used as a drainage layer in the cutting bed, with a thickness of 20cm, and then the cutting matrix is filled with a thickness of about 10cm, and 0.2% ~0.5% potassium permanganate solution is used for disinfection 2d~3d in advance.

The cutting substrate mentioned above is to use pure and fresh yellow heart soil or use clean fresh yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coir peat, and peat soil at a volume ratio of 5:4:1, or use clean fresh yellow heart soil and clean river sand at a volume ratio of 2:1. than mixed evenly.

Add a small amount of 95% industrial alcohol to dissolve the above-mentioned hormones with indole-3-butyric acid powder, and then use distilled water to prepare a 1000mg/L hormone aqueous solution.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1, the propagation method of the Vietnamese stalk tea twig cuttings of the present invention, the nursery for mother seedling cultivation is to select open-air plots for dense planting, low cost, few consumables, simple operation, and large supply of spikes.

2, the propagation method of the Vietnamese stalk tea twig cuttings of the present invention, the mother seedling transplantation is applied the fully decomposed organic fertilizer 250g of sufficient amount, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 250g, this provides sufficient base manure for the growth of mother seedling, and mother seedling grows 2 After ~3 months, the seedling height can reach 20 ~ 30cm, and the root system is also developed.

3. The propagation method of the twig cuttings of Vietnamese stalk tea of the present invention, the truncation method for promoting germination is to cut off the base of the mother plant at 10-15 cm from the ground, because the truncation is low, it can promote the mother plant to germinate new buds faster, and the branches It also grows faster, and the juvenile effect of low-position truncation is good. The root primordia of the spikes are mostly concentrated at the base, and the spikes are the easiest to take root.

4. The method for propagating the tender branch cuttings of Vietnamese stalk tea of the present invention, the selected cutting substrate raw materials are easy to get, the preparation is simple and convenient, and the propagation method is easy to implement.

5. The propagation method of the tender branch cuttings of Vietnamese stalk tea of the present invention, the method of spraying plant growth hormone in the management of the mother plant is to spray 0.5～1mg/kg of triacontanol medicinal liquid in the afternoon of the day when the spikes are collected, which can Prompt the mother plant to germinate more new shoots, thereby increasing the number of spikes.

6, the propagation method of the Vietnamese tea twig cuttings of the present invention, the requirement of scion collection is branch length 5～8cm, shorter than the branches of general twig cuttings, can shorten the interval time of scion collection, improve the breeding efficiency.

7. The method for propagating cuttings of Vietnamese stalk tea twigs of the present invention has a strong germination ability of the mother tree. Through measures to promote germination, cuttings can be propagated 5 to 6 times a year. The survival rate is high, the rooting is fast, and the number of seedlings obtained is large .

specific embodiment

Through the specific examples given below, the present invention can be further clearly understood, but they are not limitations of the present invention.

Example 1

Choose a plot with flat terrain, leeward to the sun, convenient drainage and irrigation, and fertile soil. Fully reclamate the nursery, divide the seedbed and walkway, the width of the walkway is 40cm, the width of the furrow is 1m, and the length of the furrow depends on the terrain. Ditching and drainage are carried out on the spot, the broken soil is leveled, and the grass roots are removed. From mid-January to early February, dig a planting ridge with a length, width, and height of not less than 20cm according to the row spacing of 25cm×30cm, and apply a sufficient amount of fully decomposed organic fertilizer 250g and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 250g to each plant backfill topsoil. Select more than 0.4 ground diameter and strong Vietnamese stalk tea mother seedlings with a height of more than 15cm to transplant in the planting hole. After 30 days of transplanting the seedlings, apply 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water every 15 days. On the day or the second day after the mother seedlings are planted, use sharp scissors to truncate the mother plants to promote germination, and the height of the truncation is 10cm. When the newly germinated branches are 5 cm long, 0.2 cm thick at the base, and have 2 nodes, the cuttings can be collected when they are semi-lignified. Spray 0.5-1 mg/kg of triacontanol medicinal solution in the afternoon of the day when the cuttings are collected. On the 2nd day after the cuttings, 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water was applied once. Use indole-3-butyric acid to prepare a 1000mg/L hormone aqueous solution, soak the bases of cuttings in batches in the indole-3-butyric acid solution for 15-20 minutes, and then cut the cuttings at a row spacing of 4cm×6cm in a clean and fresh container. In the cutting bed of yellow heart soil, drench root water after the cutting is completed. Immediately put a plastic film cover on the cuttings after cutting to keep the water content of the substrate at 60% to 70%, and keep the relative humidity above 90%. Spray 0.5% carbendazim once every 7 to 10 days, and add 0.2 to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix well and spray cuttings leaves until rooting. During this period, if the cuttings are dry, mildewed and fallen leaves should be removed in time. A small amount of rooting occurred in 25 days. After that, the rooting situation was investigated every 7 days. After 90 days, the survival rate was fully investigated, and the rooting rate reached 91.6%. At this time, harden the seedlings and strengthen the management of topdressing root fertilizer, foliar fertilization, and pest control to prepare for the seedlings to emerge from the nursery.

Example 2

Choose a plot with flat terrain, leeward to the sun, convenient drainage and irrigation, and fertile soil. Fully reclamate the nursery, divide the seedbed and walkway, the width of the walkway is 40cm, the width of the furrow is 1m, and the length of the furrow depends on the terrain. Ditching and drainage are carried out on the spot, the broken soil is leveled, and the grass roots are removed. From mid-January to early February, dig a planting ridge with a length, width, and height of not less than 20cm according to the row spacing of 25cm×30cm, and apply a sufficient amount of fully decomposed organic fertilizer 250g and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 250g to each plant backfill topsoil. The selection ground diameter is more than 0.4cm, and the strong and vigorous Vietnamese stalk tea seedlings with a height of more than 15cm are transplanted in the planting hole. After 30 days of transplanting the seedlings, apply 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water every 15 days. On the day or the second day after the mother seedlings are planted, use sharp scissors to truncate the mother plants to promote germination, and the height of the truncation is 12.5cm. When the newly germinated branches are 5 cm long, 0.2 cm thick at the base, and have 2 nodes, the cuttings can be collected when they are semi-lignified. Spray 0.5-1 mg/kg of triacontanol medicinal solution in the afternoon after collecting the cuttings. On the 2nd day after the cuttings, 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water was applied once. Use indole-3-butyric acid to prepare a 1000 mg/L hormone aqueous solution, soak the base of cuttings in batches in the indole-3-butyric acid solution for 15-20 minutes, and then cut the cuttings at a plant row spacing of 4cm×6cm. In the cutting bed of the matrix made of yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coir peat, and peat soil at a volume ratio of 5:4:1, pour root water after the cutting is completed. Immediately put a plastic film cover on the cuttings after cutting to keep the water content of the substrate at 60% to 70%, and keep the relative humidity above 90%. Prepare 0.2% Zineb every 7-10 days, and add 0.2-0.3% Ye Mian Bao, mix well and then spray cutting leaves until rooted. During this period, if the cuttings are dry, mildewed and fallen leaves should be removed in time. A small amount of rooting occurred in 25 days. After that, the rooting situation was investigated every 7 days. After 90 days, the survival rate was fully investigated, and the rooting rate reached 93.8%. At this time, harden the seedlings and strengthen the management of topdressing root fertilizer, foliar fertilization, and pest control to prepare for the seedlings to emerge from the nursery.

Example 3

Choose a plot with flat terrain, leeward to the sun, convenient drainage and irrigation, and fertile soil. Fully reclamate the nursery, divide the seedbed and walkway, the width of the walkway is 40cm, the width of the furrow is 1m, and the length of the furrow depends on the terrain. Ditching and drainage are carried out on the spot, the broken soil is leveled, and the grass roots are removed. From mid-January to early February, dig a planting ridge with a length, width, and height of not less than 20cm according to the row spacing of 25cm×30cm, and apply a sufficient amount of fully decomposed organic fertilizer 250g and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 250g to each plant backfill topsoil. Select the ground diameter to be more than 0.4cm, and the robust Vietnamese mussel tea seedlings with a height of more than 15cm are transplanted in the planting hole. After 30 days of transplanting the seedlings, apply 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water every 15 days. On the day or the second day after the mother seedlings are planted, use sharp scissors to truncate the mother plants to promote germination, and the height of the truncation is 15cm. When the newly germinated branches are 5 cm long, 0.2 cm thick at the base, and have 2 nodes, the cuttings can be collected when they are semi-lignified. Spray 0.5-1 mg/kg of triacontanol medicinal solution in the afternoon after collecting the cuttings. On the 2nd day after the cuttings, 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water was applied once. Use indole-3-butyric acid to prepare a 1000mg/L hormone aqueous solution, soak the base of the cuttings in batches in the indole-3-butyric acid solution for 15-20 minutes, then cuttage the cuttings at a row spacing of 4cm×6cm and fill with clean fresh yellow heart soil In the cutting bed of the substrate made of clean river sand at a volume ratio of 2:1, drench root water after the cutting is completed. Immediately put a plastic film cover on the cuttings after cutting to keep the water content of the substrate at 60% to 70%, and keep the relative humidity above 90%. Spray 0.5% thiophanate-methyl once every 7-10 days, add 0.2-0.3% Dafeiwang, mix well and spray cuttings leaves until rooting. During the period, if the cuttings are dry, mildewed and fallen leaves should be removed in time. A small amount of rooting occurred in 25 days. After that, the rooting situation was investigated every 7 days. After 90 days, the survival rate was fully investigated, and the rooting rate reached 94.5%. At this time, harden the seedlings and strengthen the management of topdressing root fertilizer, foliar fertilization, and pest control to prepare for the emergence of seedlings.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of breeding method of Vietnamese tea twig cuttings, comprising mother tree cultivation, cuttings collection and processing, cutting and management procedures after cuttings, its waiting sign is: the mother seedlings that are cultivated by real seedlings are used as ear picking mother seedlings Transplant to the nursery to cultivate and promote germination, collect cuttings and put them in the cutting bed equipped with cutting substrate, control the light, relative humidity and water content of the substrate in the cutting bed, and obtain the cutting seedlings of Vietnamese stalk tea, the operation steps are as follows : (1) Mother tree cultivation: ① Build a shade shed: Before transplanting seedlings, set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 50-60% for shade; ② Nursery preparation: Choose a plot with flat terrain, leeward to the sun, convenient drainage and irrigation, and relatively fertile soil, and carry out full reclamation of the nursery. Level the soil and remove grass roots; dig a planting sill with a length, width, and height of not less than 20cm according to the row spacing of 25cm×30cm, add 250g of decomposed organic fertilizer and 250g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the topsoil of each plant backfill, mix well, and use it as backfill topsoil; ③Mother seedling transplantation: From mid-January to early February, the healthy seedlings with a diameter of 0.4 cm or more and a height of 15 cm or more that have been cultivated through seedlings and placed in nutrition cups are transplanted as mother seedlings in the planting ridge. When backfilling the topsoil Fill up the ridge point, and slightly higher than the ridge surface, drench with fixed root water; ④Truncation to promote germination: on the day or the second day after the mother seedlings are planted, use sharp scissors to truncate the mother plant to promote germination; ⑤Mother seedling management: 30 days after the seedlings are transplanted, spray 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water solution every 15 days, artificial weeding, and water before pulling out; Add 150g of decomposed organic fertilizer and 150g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, spray growth hormone at the same time, and pour 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer water solution every 15 days to promote germination again and prepare for the next cutting ear picking; (2) Collection and processing of cuttings: ① Collection of cuttings: From April to early September, cut 5-8cm long robust, pest-free, semi-lignified twigs from the mother tree for cuttings, and use them as cuttings; ②Pruning of cuttings: cut off all the leaves 3-4cm above the base of the collected cuttings, keep only 1-2 leaves on the upper part, and cut the remaining 1-2 leaves into half leaves, and then cut the lower end of the cuttings into oblique shape; ③ Disinfection treatment: Soak the cuttings in 0.5% carbendazim for 15 minutes, take them out and rinse them with clean water before use; ④ Hormone treatment: prepare indole-3-butyric acid into a 1000mg/L solution, soak the bases of the sterilized cuttings in batches in the indole-3-butyric acid solution for 15-20 minutes, and then remove them for 2-3 minutes. Minutes air-dried and cuttages immediately; (3) Cuttings: ① Build a shade shed: Make a cutting bed in a greenhouse or a well-built greenhouse, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 50-60% before cutting seedlings to prepare for shade; ② Cutting time: cuttings can be carried out in spring, summer or autumn; ③ Cutting method: Cuttings are carried out on the cutting bed with a row spacing of 4cm×6cm. When cutting, first use a small wooden stick slightly thicker than the diameter of the cuttings to insert a small hole in the seedbed, and then insert the cuttings into the substrate. The cutting depth is 1/2 to 1/3 of the length of the cuttings. The matrix is compacted; immediately after the cuttings, pour water once and rinse the leaves, so that the cuttings and the matrix are tightly combined; (4) Management after cutting: ① Cutting management: Immediately cover the cuttings with a plastic film to keep moisture after cutting, keep the water content of the matrix at 60% to 70%, and keep the relative humidity above 90%. During this period, the moisturizing cover should not be uncovered frequently; Spray 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Yemianbao, Dafeiwang on the foliage every day until rooting; at the same time, spray 0.2-0.5% carbendazim or Zinc methazine every 7-10 days Tobujin during the period to prevent infestation by diseases and insect pests; during the period, if the cuttings are dry, mildewed and fallen leaves, they should be removed in time; ② Management after rooting: a. Promoting germination: after the cuttings take root, use 0.5-1 mg/kg triacontanol medicinal solution to treat the ungerminated cuttings to promote germination; b, seedling hardening: 15 days after rooting, gradually reduce the frequency of water spraying and harden the seedlings; c. Management after seedling hardening: Mainly do a good job in fertilizer and water management and prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. When the seedlings grow 10-15cm high, they can go out of the nursery. 2. The propagation method of a kind of Vietnamese stalk tea twig cuttings described in claim 1, characterized in that: the described truncation method for promoting germination is to cut off the base of the mother plant at 10 to 15 cm from the ground, and apply Give a compound fertilizer water solution with a concentration of 0.5-1.0%. 3. the propagation method of a kind of Vietnamese stalk tea twig cuttings described in claim 1, characterized in that: the cutting bed is set to a bed edge height of 30cm, wide 100cm, long 6m～8m; Fresh river sand or pebbles are used as the drainage layer with a thickness of 20 cm, and then the cutting matrix is filled with a thickness of about 10 cm, and disinfected with 0.2% to 0.5% potassium permanganate solution 2 to 3 days in advance. 4. the propagation method of a kind of Vietnamese tea twig cuttings described in claim 1, characterized in that: the cutting substrate is to adopt pure clean fresh yellow heart soil or clean fresh yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, mud Carbon soil is made by mixing evenly with clean fresh yellow heart soil and clean river sand at a volume ratio of 5:4:1 or 2:1. 5. the propagation method of a kind of Vietnamese clam tea twig cuttings described in claim 1, is characterized in that: after described hormone is added a small amount of 95% industrial alcohol to dissolve with indole-3-butyric acid powder, then Prepare 1000mg/L hormone aqueous solution with distilled water.