CN102960172B - Short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method for camellia azalea - Google Patents
Short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method for camellia azalea Download PDFInfo
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- CN102960172B CN102960172B CN201210526176.1A CN201210526176A CN102960172B CN 102960172 B CN102960172 B CN 102960172B CN 201210526176 A CN201210526176 A CN 201210526176A CN 102960172 B CN102960172 B CN 102960172B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method for camellia azalea. The short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method comprises the following steps: selecting general camellia oleifera seeds, sterilizing the general camellia oleifera seeds with potassium permanganate solution and then carrying out stratification, sprouting and anvil culture; after radicles are 3-4 cm in length, grafting the radicles; selecting one-year branches with strongly-grown crown peripheries, full sprout eyes, no pest and disease damage and half lignification to lignification as scions with the length of 2-3 cm; soaking base parts with a plant growth regulator solution; after the scions are grafted, planting the grafted scions in a container bag filled with nutrient-rich substrate on a seed bed in a sunshelter for culturing; and covering, humidifying, shielding and carrying out standard management to form a high-quality grafted container seedling of the camellia azalea. According to the short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method, the grafting is realized at the smooth parts of radicles and the root systems of plants are developed, so that the survival rate and the growth amount of nursery stock can be effectively increased and the culture time of the stock is greatly shortened; and the scions are short, and thus the utilization rate and the propagation coefficient of the scions are improved. The short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method has the advantages of convenience for operation, high work efficiency and better economic benefit and social benefit; and according to the method, the scale propagation effect of the camellia azalea stock is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant Fast Asexual Propagation Technique field, relate to the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea and connect quick-breeding method.
Background technology
Camellia azalea (
camellia azaleawei.) belong to Theaceae Camellia, be evergreen dungarunga, have another name called Zhang Shi Camellia, rhododendron leaves camellia, cuckoo tea, four seasons tea etc., be the distinctive camellia original seed of China, belong to first-grade state protection plant.The good characteristics such as camellia azalea is long with its florescence, flower is many, pattern is gorgeous, high temperature resistant, suitable dark and damp, strong stress resistance, leaf uniqueness, have high scientific research value, ornamental value and economic worth, the prospect of marketing is wide.The camellia azalea geographic range of wild state is narrow, according to current investigation, only in E Huangzhang Provincial Nature Reserve, Yangchun City, Guangdong Province, has fragmentary distribution.How to strengthen precious wild plant resource available protecting and rationally application, cause the extensive concern of vast gardens, flowers industry breeding scientific worker and the producer.
Under natural habitat, camellia azalea upgrades main by seed germination, but Natural seed setting rate is low, and seed quality is poor, and germination rate is low, and the seedling of field population sylvan life is considerably less, the extreme influence sustainable use of camellia azalea germ plasm resource.Solve the contradiction between limited wild resource and growing needs, carrying out artificial breeding cultivation is important channel.Sexual propagation and vegetative propagation are the main mating systems of camellia azalea, but show aspect researchs such as morphological feature, the growth characteristics of camellia azalea, rule of blossoming and bearing fruit, natural regeneration feature, Breeding trait, carry out its sexual propagation and have limitation.In recent years, in the cuttage, the vegetative propagation technique such as grafting and tissue cultures of camellia azalea, research is had.Campaign result shows: camellia azalea cottage propagation survival rate is low, and only about 40%; Its tissue culture technique is yet immature at present; Although conventional propagation by grafiting seedling-cultivating method is more ripe with its technology, survival rate comparatively advantages of higher better applied in production, but because of its have that reproduction coefficient is low, stock cultivates the deficiencies such as the time is long so that production cost is higher and reduce the overall economic efficiency of nursery stock scale development.
The present invention proves through repetition test for many years, with the C. olelfera radicle in about 60 days vegetative period for stock, root is adopted to connect method, carry out the short fringe rapid seedling cultivation of camellia azalea, not only simple to operate, survival rate is high, and effectively can improve reproduction coefficient, shortens the cultivating seedlings cycle, reduce production cost, thus reach cost-saving synergistic target.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency existed for the vegetative propagation technique such as cuttage, grafting, aim to provide the short fringe root of camellia azalea that a kind of cultivation period is short, reproduction coefficient is high and production cost is low and connect rapid seedling cultivation method.
Object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea connects quick-breeding method, comprise the operations such as stock is cultivated, seedling bed prepares, build cool canopy, the collection of fringe bar, scion process, grafting, grafting is planted, grafting manages, it is characterized in that: choose C. olelfera seed, anvil is educated, for grafting when radicle long 3cm ~ 4cm with Tibetan vernalization husky after disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate; Select the peripheral semi-lignified of camellia azalea tree crown to the scion of lignified annual shoot row culture, spike length 2cm ~ 3cm, and soak base portion with plant growth regulator solution; Plant after grafting in container bag seedbed being filled with nutrient matrix in cool canopy and cultivate, and covering moisturizing, humidity 85% ~ 90%, degree of shading 70% ~ 75%; Grafting later stage standardized administration, is bred as camellia azalea high-quality grafting container seedling; The key step that short fringe root connects quick-breeding method is:
(1) stock is cultivated
1. anvil kind is selected and process: by the stock seed liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection selected;
2. presprouting of seeds: adopt husky Tibetan vernalization to educate anvil;
(2) seedling bed prepares
Make bed: select physical features more smooth, well-ventilated, sunlight are more sufficient, excessively drained field makes Seedlings nursery ground 1. wholely; In smooth good garden on the ground, divide seedbed and pavement, seedbed height of bed 10cm, bedside 100cm ~ 120cm, bed is long to be determined according to landform, the wide 40cm of pavement, and low-lying place begins to rehearse the mouth of a river;
2. seedling medium preparation: different with base starting material source according to camellia azalea Seedlings development characteristic requirements, prepares grow seedling nutritional matrix by certain mass ratio;
3. load matrix and put container: before grafting, the nutrient matrix configured put into container for plant growth and be emitted on seedbed with being neatly close to, good with earth culture around seedbed, between container, space fine earth tamps;
(3) cool canopy is built: before grafting, build cool canopy in order to shading;
(4) fringe bar gathers: the periphery growth of selection tree crown is sturdy, eye is full, without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified, extremely lignified current-year branch is as scion, and the collection of fringe bar uses afterwards in time;
(5) scion process: the scion base portion cut is put into plant growth regulator solution and soaks;
(6) grafting: adopt cleft graft to carry out short fringe root January ~ February and connect nursery;
(7) grafting is planted: by the transplantation of seedlings grafted to sterilizing in the container of seedbed, and prop every 1m bamboo arch after water of drenching, then lid plastic film cover, and surrounding compressed with soil, cover humidity remains on 85% ~ 90%;
(8) grafting management: when the healing of nursery stock interface is good, more than 60% plant Germination to Frondescent, removes moisture preserving cover, and carry out rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work; Grafting is topdressed and should accomplish that thin fertile duty is executed, and after grafting survival to November, monthly drenches the bran cake dilution liquid manure executing 1 time ~ 2 times 5%, foliage fertilization 2 times; The urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.3%; later stage with 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in conjunction with foliar application, or combination insecticide, germicide spray prevention and elimination of disease and pests to be to protect blade; if the young sprout that scion is sprouted has bud to erase in time, in order to avoid consume nutrient.
Above-described anvil kind is selected to refer to process and is selected ripe C. olelfera seed, first soak seed 1 day ~ 2 days, remove the light grains seed and granule seed of bubbling through the water column, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, use the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 5 minutes of 0.1% again, pick up rinse well for subsequent use.
The method of above-described presprouting of seeds is to early or mid November in late October, select the outdoor smooth vacant lot without ponding, spread one deck prior to bottom and be about the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 10cm, then spread one deck seed, seed is not overlapping, last lid layer is about the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 8cm ~ 10cm, after trickle moisturizing, with plastic film covering insulation, river sand humidity is with agglomerating by grasped, loosing one's grip scatters is advisable, and whole husky bed outline is above the ground level and prevents ponding.
Component and the parts by weight of above-described nutrient matrix are: yellow soil 20 parts ~ 30 parts, through sawdust or the coconut palm chaff 50 parts ~ 60 parts of retting, and fertilizer 10 parts ~ 20 parts, 2 parts ~ 3 parts, calcium phosphate; Described retting sawdust or coconut palm chaff must before use 30 days ~ and within 40 days, carry out sprinkling water and sawdust or coconut palm chaff drenched, with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing, use after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Above-described method of building cool canopy builds skeleton with timber, bamboo wood, and canopy height 1.8m, above covers shading screen, degree of shading 70% ~ 75%, and canopy surrounding shading screen should hang down to and be about 50cm place apart from ground.
Above-described plant growth regulator solution is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution, and processing method is use 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution soaking scion base portion 5 second.
Above-described grafting completes according to the following steps:
1. play stock: dig out from germination bed clean by kind of anvil, select 3cm ~ 4cm radicle that is long, thick more than the 0.2cm in footpath to make stock;
2. stock is cut: select radicle smoothly to locate to cut off, along the vertical partial application of medulla, dark 1.5cm ~ 2.0cm;
3. cut scion: both sides below fringe bar axillalry bud, cutting a double inclined plane is wedge, and intersection is in medulla, and length is consistent with the stock degree of depth, then cuts off at 2mm ~ 3mm place, bud upper end, becomes simple bud or double bud-grafting fringe, the long 2cm ~ 3cm of scion;
4. engage: stock otch is inserted in the scion handled well, make anvil fringe form layer alignment, then with being about 3cm, the flake aluminum of wide about 1.0cm puts interface and clutches, degree of tightness appropriateness.
Above-described container for plant growth specification is diameter 9cm, the non-woven bag of high 13cm or plastic container bag, in the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of the previous day with 5% of planting.
Above-described grafting method for planting is the waddy slotting hole in the middle part of container matrix being about 1.0cm with diameter, hole is dark consistent with grafting root depth, grafting root is put into, notes keeping grafting mouth more than substrate plane, then righting grafting compacting jack.
Above-described insecticide, bactericide are trichlorphon original powder 1000 times ~ 2000 times liquid and 72% tpn wetting powder, 1000 times ~ 1200 times liquid.
The present invention has the following advantages relative to existing technology:
1, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and the operation of grafting link can complete in indoor, and compared with the grafting of land for growing field crops, not only easy to operate, work efficiency is high, and greatly reduces labour intensity.
2, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, adopts C. olelfera seed to make stock, aboundresources, is easy to draw materials.
3, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and in radicle smooth place grafting, plant root is flourishing, can effectively improve plant percent and amount of growth; The generation of rudiment bar on conventional stock can also be avoided, remove the operation of wiping out rudiment bar from, reduce production cost.
4, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and the radicle adopting about 60 days vegetative period is stock, with conventional 1 ~ 2 year raw seedling Comparison of Stocks, significantly shortens stock and cultivates the time, cost-saving synergistic Be very effective.
5, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and scion is long is only the conventional 5cm ~ 6cm of 2cm ~ 3cm(), significantly improve the availability of scion and expand numerous coefficient.
6, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, in January ~ grafting in February, avoids routine high temperature or dry weather when grafting summer and autumn on the impact of graft survival rate, to ensure that numerous effect is expanded in the scale of camellia azalea nursery stock.
7, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and scion process 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate soaks base portion 5 can accelerate Callus formation, raising graft survival rate second.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment given below, the present invention can be well understood to further, but they not limitation of the invention.
embodiment 1
On October 26th, 2011, choose C. olelfera seed, first soak seed 2 days, remove the light grains seed and granule seed of bubbling through the water column, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, use the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 5 minutes of 0.1% again, pick up and rinse well, huskyly hide vernalization and educate anvil.Select the outdoor smooth vacant lot without ponding, spread one deck prior to bottom and be about the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 10cm, then one deck seed is spread, seed is not overlapping, and last lid layer is about the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 9cm ~ 10cm, after trickle moisturizing, be incubated with plastic film covering, river sand humidity is with agglomerating by grasped, and loosing one's grip scatters is advisable, and whole husky bed outline is above the ground level and prevents ponding.
Select physical features more smooth, well-ventilated, sunlight are more sufficient, excessively drained field makes Seedlings nursery ground; In smooth good garden on the ground, divide seedbed and pavement, seedbed height of bed 10cm, bedside 100cm ~ 110cm, bed is long to be determined according to landform, the wide 40cm of pavement, and low-lying place begins to rehearse the mouth of a river; Seedbed container is the non-woven bag of diameter 9cm, high 13cm, in the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of the previous day with 5% of planting, component will be configured before grafting and parts by weight are: yellow soil 22 parts, through sawdust or the coconut palm chaff 50 parts of retting, fertilizer 20 parts, the nutrient matrix that calcium phosphate is 2.5 parts puts into container for plant growth, and is emitted on seedbed with being neatly close to, good with earth culture around seedbed, between container, space fine earth tamps; Before grafting, build skeleton with timber, bamboo wood, canopy height 1.8m, above covers shading screen, degree of shading 75%, and canopy surrounding shading screen should hang down to and be about 50cm place apart from ground.
Adopt cleft graft to carry out short fringe root on February 6th, 12 to connect.The periphery growth of selection camellia azalea tree crown is sturdy, eye is full, without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified, extremely lignified current-year branch is as scion, and the collection of fringe bar uses afterwards in time; Kind of anvil is dug out from germination bed clean, selects 3cm ~ 4cm radicle that is long, thick more than the 0.2cm in footpath to make stock; Radicle is selected smoothly to locate to cut off, along the vertical partial application of medulla, dark 1.5cm ~ 2.0cm; Both sides below fringe bar axillalry bud, cutting a double inclined plane is wedge, and intersection is in medulla, and length is consistent with the stock degree of depth, then cuts off at 2mm ~ 3mm place, bud upper end, the long 2cm ~ 3cm of scion, with 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution soaking scion base portion 5 second; Stock otch is inserted in the scion handled well, makes anvil fringe form layer alignment, then with being about 3cm, the flake aluminum of wide about 1.0cm puts interface and clutches, degree of tightness appropriateness.Plant after grafting in container bag seedbed being filled with nutrient matrix in cool canopy and cultivate, grafting method for planting is the waddy slotting hole in the middle part of container matrix being about 1.0cm with diameter, hole is dark consistent with grafting root depth, is put into by grafting root, notes keeping grafting mouth more than substrate plane, then righting grafting compacting jack, to drench water, prop every 1m bamboo arch, then lid plastic film cover, and with soil, surrounding is compressed, cover humidity remains on 85% ~ 90%; When the healing of nursery stock interface is good, more than 60% plant Germination to Frondescent, removes moisture preserving cover, and carries out rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work; Grafting is topdressed and should accomplish that thin fertile duty is executed, and after grafting survival to November, monthly drenches the bran cake dilution liquid manure executing 2 times 5%, foliage fertilization 2 times; The urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.2%; later stage with 0.5% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; in conjunction with foliar application; or combination desinsection, sterilization trichlorphon original powder 1000 times of liquid and the spraying of 72% tpn wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid; prevention and elimination of disease and pests is to protect blade; if the young sprout that scion is sprouted has bud to erase in time, in order to avoid consume nutrient, be bred as camellia azalea high-quality grafting container seedling.Grafting is container seedling average height of seedling 37.6cm after 9 months, is up to 55.8cm.
embodiment 2
Camellia azalea short fringe root connects fast numerous process as embodiment 1, on November 20th, 2010, by C. olelfera seed-soaking 1 day, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 0.1% 5 minutes, picks up and rinses rear sand Tibetan vernalization well.At the beginning of 1 month next year, build cool canopy, in canopy, degree of shading is 75%.Make bed, seedbed height 10cm, wide 100cm in canopy wholely.Be emitted on seedbed with being neatly close to by the container for plant growth installing matrix, grow seedling nutritional matrix components and parts by weight are: the coconut palm chaff 50 parts that yellow soil 30 parts, retting are good, fertilizer 18 parts, superphosphate 2 parts; Container for plant growth is the plastic nutritional bag of diameter 9cm, high 13cm.
On February 5th, 2011, kind of anvil is dug out clean from germination bed, 3cm ~ 4cm radicle that is long, thick more than the 0.2cm in footpath is selected to make stock, gather that the growth of camellia azalea tree crown periphery is sturdy, bud portion is full, be scion without the current-year branch of damage by disease and insect, long 2cm ~ the 3cm of scion, adopt cleft graft grafting, use flake aluminum fixed interface.By the transplantation of seedlings grafted in the seedbed nutritious bag disinfected, after water of drenching, prop plastic film moisturizing, cover humidity 85% ~ 90% with bamboo arch.
Grafting 1 first quarter moon " Invest, Then Investigate ", the healing of nursery stock interface is good, survival rate 91.5%.When more than 60% plant Germination to Frondescent, moisture preserving cover is removed.After grafting survival to November, monthly drench the bran cake dilution liquid manure executing 1 ~ 2 time 5%; Monthly foliage fertilization 2 times, the urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.3%, later stage with 0.5% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in conjunction with foliar application, with insecticide (trichlorphon original powder 1000 times of liquid), bactericide (72% tpn wetting powder 1200 times liquid) prevention and elimination of disease and pests of spraying.On November 10th, 2011 is investigated, and average height of seedling 38.3cm, is up to 56.4cm.
embodiment 3
On October 26th, 2011, by C. olelfera seed-soaking 1 day, choose that particle is large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 0.1% 5 minutes, picks up and rinse rear husky Tibetan vernalization well.At the beginning of 12 months, build cool canopy, canopy height 1.8m, above covers shading screen, degree of shading 75%, and canopy surrounding shading screen hangs down to and is about 50cm place apart from ground.In smooth good garden on the ground, divide seedbed and pavement, seedbed height of bed 10cm, bedside 100cm ~ 120cm, bed is long to be determined according to landform, the wide 40cm of pavement, and low-lying place begins to rehearse the mouth of a river; Seedbed sets plastic seeding culturing container, containers size: diameter 9cm, high 13cm, grow seedling nutritional matrix components and parts by weight are: the coconut palm chaff 58 parts that yellow soil 30 parts, retting are good, fertilizer 10 parts, superphosphate 2 parts.
On December 28th, 2011, gather that the growth of camellia azalea tree crown periphery is sturdy, bud portion is full, be scion without the current-year branch of damage by disease and insect; Kind of anvil is dug out from germination bed clean, selects 3cm ~ 4cm radicle that is long, thick more than the 0.2cm in footpath to make stock, adopt cleft graft grafting.Long 2cm ~ the 3cm of scion, uses flake aluminum fixed interface.By the transplantation of seedlings grafted in the seedbed non-woven bag disinfected, after water of drenching, prop plastic film moisturizing, cover humidity 85% ~ 90% with bamboo arch.
Grafting 1 first quarter moon " Invest, Then Investigate ", the healing of nursery stock interface is good, survival rate 90.7%.When more than 60% plant Germination to Frondescent, moisture preserving cover is removed.After grafting survival to November, monthly drench the bran cake dilution liquid manure executing 1 ~ 2 time 5%; Monthly foliage fertilization 2 times, the urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.2%, later stage with 0.2% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in conjunction with foliar application, with insecticide (trichlorphon original powder 1500 times of liquid), bactericide (72% tpn wetting powder 1200 times liquid) prevention and elimination of disease and pests of spraying.On June 15th, 2012 is investigated, and average height of seedling 27.1cm, is up to 32.5cm.
embodiment 4
On November 10th, 2011, by C. olelfera seed-soaking 2 days, choose that particle is large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 0.1% rinses rear husky Tibetan vernalization well.On January 15th, 2012, kind of an anvil is dug out clean, select 3cm ~ 4cm radicle that is long, thick more than the 0.2cm in footpath to make stock.Gather that the growth of camellia azalea tree crown periphery is sturdy, bud portion is full, be scion without the current-year branch of damage by disease and insect, the process 5 of the long 2cm ~ 3cm of scion, base portion 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate adopts cleft graft grafting after second, and interface flake aluminum is fixed.By the transplantation of seedlings grafted in the seedbed nutritious bag disinfected, nutrient matrix component and parts by weight are: the sawdust 57 parts that yellow soil 20 parts, retting are good, fertilizer 20 parts, superphosphate 3 parts; Container for plant growth is the non-woven fabrics nutritious bag of diameter 9cm, high 13cm; Cool canopy degree of shading is 70%.Drench after water and prop every 1m bamboo arch, then lid plastic film moisturizing, cover humidity remains on 85% ~ 90%.
Investigation on March 15th, 2012 graft survival rate, reaches 96.0%.When more than 60% plant Germination to Frondescent, remove moisture preserving cover, and carry out rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work.Monthly spray foliage fertilizer 2 times, the initial stage spray 0.2% urea, the later stage with 0.4% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.In conjunction with foliar application, with trichlorphon original powder 2000 times of liquid, the 1000 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.Investigation on June 15 height of seedling average out to 26.5cm.
Claims (8)
1. the short fringe root of camellia azalea connects quick-breeding method, comprise the operations such as stock is cultivated, seedling bed prepares, build cool canopy, the collection of fringe bar, scion process, grafting, grafting is planted, grafting manages, it is characterized in that: choose C. olelfera seed, anvil is educated, for grafting when radicle long 3cm ~ 4cm with Tibetan vernalization husky after disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate; Select the peripheral semi-lignified of camellia azalea tree crown to the scion of lignified annual shoot row culture, spike length 2cm ~ 3cm, and soak base portion with plant growth regulator solution; Plant after grafting in container bag seedbed being filled with nutrient matrix in cool canopy and cultivate, and covering moisturizing, humidity 85% ~ 90%, degree of shading 70% ~ 75%; Grafting later stage standardized administration, is bred as camellia azalea high-quality grafting container seedling; The key step that short fringe root connects quick-breeding method is:
(1) stock is cultivated
1. anvil kind is selected and process: by the stock seed liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection selected;
2. presprouting of seeds: adopt husky Tibetan vernalization to educate anvil;
(2) seedling bed prepares
Make bed: select physical features more smooth, well-ventilated, sunlight are more sufficient, excessively drained field makes Seedlings nursery ground 1. wholely; In smooth good garden on the ground, divide seedbed and pavement, seedbed height of bed 10cm, bedside 100cm ~ 120cm, bed is long to be determined according to landform, the wide 40cm of pavement, and low-lying place begins to rehearse the mouth of a river;
2. seedling medium preparation: different with base starting material source according to camellia azalea Seedlings development characteristic requirements, prepares grow seedling nutritional matrix by certain mass ratio;
3. load matrix and put container: before grafting, the nutrient matrix configured put into container for plant growth and be emitted on seedbed with being neatly close to, good with earth culture around seedbed, between container, space fine earth tamps;
(3) cool canopy is built: before grafting, build cool canopy in order to shading;
(4) fringe bar gathers: the periphery growth of selection tree crown is sturdy, eye is full, without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified, extremely lignified current-year branch is as scion, and the collection of fringe bar uses afterwards in time;
(5) scion process: the scion base portion cut is put into plant growth regulator solution and soaks;
(6) grafting: adopt cleft graft to carry out short fringe root January ~ February and connect nursery;
(7) grafting is planted: by the transplantation of seedlings grafted to sterilizing in the container of seedbed, and prop every 1m bamboo arch after water of drenching, then lid plastic film cover, and surrounding compressed with soil, cover humidity remains on 85% ~ 90%;
(8) grafting management: when the healing of nursery stock interface is good, more than 60% plant Germination to Frondescent, removes moisture preserving cover, and carry out rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work; Grafting is topdressed and should accomplish that thin fertile duty is executed, and after grafting survival to November, monthly drenches the bran cake dilution liquid manure executing 1 time ~ 2 times 5%, foliage fertilization 2 times; The urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.3%, later stage with 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in conjunction with foliar application, or combination insecticide, germicide spray prevention and elimination of disease and pests to be to protect blade, if the young sprout that scion is sprouted has bud to erase in time, in order to avoid consume nutrient;
Described anvil kind is selected to refer to process and is selected ripe C. olelfera seed, first soak seed 1 day ~ 2 days, remove the light grains seed and granule seed of bubbling through the water column, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, use the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 5 minutes of 0.1% again, pick up rinse well for subsequent use;
Described grafting completes according to the following steps:
1. play stock: dig out from germination bed clean by kind of anvil, select 3cm ~ 4cm radicle that is long, thick more than the 0.2cm in footpath to make stock;
2. stock is cut: select radicle smoothly to locate to cut off, along the vertical partial application of medulla, dark 1.5cm ~ 2.0cm;
3. cut scion: both sides below fringe bar axillalry bud, cutting a double inclined plane is wedge, and intersection is in medulla, and length is consistent with the stock degree of depth, then cuts off at 2mm ~ 3mm place, bud upper end, becomes simple bud or double bud-grafting fringe, the long 2cm ~ 3cm of scion;
4. engage: stock otch is inserted in the scion handled well, make anvil fringe form layer alignment, then with being about 3cm, the flake aluminum of wide about 1.0cm puts interface and clutches, degree of tightness appropriateness.
2. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: the method for described presprouting of seeds is to early or mid November in late October, select the outdoor smooth vacant lot without ponding, spread one deck prior to bottom and be about the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 10cm, then one deck seed is spread, seed is not overlapping, the fresh mild-crude river sand that last lid layer 8cm ~ 10cm is thick, after trickle moisturizing, be incubated with plastic film covering, river sand humidity is that grasped is agglomerating, looses one's grip and scatters, and whole husky bed outline is above the ground level and prevents ponding.
3. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: component and the parts by weight of described nutrient matrix are: yellow soil 20 parts ~ 30 parts, through sawdust or the coconut palm chaff 50 parts ~ 60 parts of retting, fertilizer 10 parts ~ 20 parts, 2 parts ~ 3 parts, calcium phosphate; Described retting sawdust or coconut palm chaff must before use 30 days ~ and within 40 days, carry out sprinkling water and sawdust or coconut palm chaff drenched, with covered rearing with plastic film, sealing, use after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.
4. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: the described method of building cool canopy builds skeleton with timber, bamboo wood, and canopy height 1.8m, above covers shading screen, degree of shading 70% ~ 75%, canopy surrounding shading screen should hang down to and be about 50cm place apart from ground.
5. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: described plant growth regulator solution is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution, and processing method is use 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution soaking scion base portion 5 second.
6. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: described container for plant growth specification is diameter 9cm, the non-woven bag of high 13cm or plastic container bag, in the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of the previous day with 5% of planting.
7. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: described grafting method for planting is the waddy slotting hole in the middle part of container matrix being about 1.0cm with diameter, hole is dark consistent with grafting root depth, grafting root is put into, note keeping grafting mouth more than substrate plane, then righting grafting compacting jack.
8. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: described insecticide, bactericide are trichlorphon original powder 1000 times ~ 2000 times liquid and 72% tpn wetting powder, 1000 times ~ 1200 times liquid.
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