CN103250571B - Camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique - Google Patents
Camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant seedling raising technique, in particular to a camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique which aims to solve the problems of low seedling survival rate and low seedling raising efficiency of a camellia oleifera seedling raising technique in the prior art. The camellia oleifera container seedling raising technique includes the steps of (1) collecting seeds, and placing the collected seeds in a refrigeratory for cold storage and reserve at the temperature of 0-5 DEG C; (2) pre-treating the seeds, and soaking the seeds prior to sand storage for accelerating germination; (3) sowing, sowing the camellia oleifera seeds subjected to germination accelerating in a container containing seedling raising substrates in a spot manner, and then placing the container on a seedbed; (4) grating rootstocks of seedlings; (5) performing grafted seedling management including water management, rootstock removal and weeding management, light and temperature management, nutrient management and the like; (6) performing biennial seedling production management; and (7) performing outplanting management. The technique has the advantages of high seedling survival rate, high breeding efficiency and good reliability; and seedling survival rate of the seedling raising technique is 10-20% higher than that of inarching seedling raising and leaf cutting seedling raising techniques.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of botanical seedling culturing technology, particularly a kind of oil tea container nursery technology.
Background technology
Oil tea is the Changjiang river areas to the south of China important woody edible oil material seeds.Oil tea main component is that content is more than 85% taking oleic acid and linoleic acid as main unsaturated fatty acid, and storage tolerance, is difficult for becoming sour, and is the edible oil that the cooking is made, and particularly with the food of tea oil frying, color cadmium yellow, taste perfume (or spice) are good to eat.Oil tea can be manufactured milk and senior natural cosmetics by refining, or vaseline, hair oil, machine oil, and pharmaceutically makes the raw material of mycillin, and Oil-tea-cake contains saponin, crude fat etc. and has multiple industrial chemicals.Oil tea is the Juvenile Stage of oil tea from sowing or cuttage to blooming.The power of Juvenile Stage seedling growth is the basis of oil tea high yield, it is the prerequisite of cultivating the strong oil tea that grows up of key, existing transplanting grown seedlings, inserted leaf seedling growing process to cultivate oil tea seedling survival rate low, breeding efficiency is low, therefore urgently develops that a kind of survival rate of seedling is high, breeding efficiency is high, the camellia seedling technology of good reliability.
Part term and being defined as follows in the present invention:
Seedling anvil: seed in container through within 2～3 months, cultivate form there is certain length and rugosity, stock is used during as grafting seedling.
Scion: when grafting, be connected on branch or bud on stock.
Seedling anvil grafting: the propagation method of carrying out grafting with the seedling of cultivating seeds as stock.
Seedling stock grafting seedling: the grafting forming with scion with by the seedling anvil engrafting and cultivating of cultivating seeds.
Seedling age: at the age of nursery stock, from sowing, cutting or grafting to going out garden, at the age of the actual growth of nursery stock, to experience 1 Annual growth cycle as 1 seedling age unit, seedling age represents with Arabic numerals, the less than use of 1 year 12/several or fractional representation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the deficiency that camellia seedling technology survival rate of seedling is low, breeding efficiency is low of prior art, the oil tea container nursery technology that a kind of survival rate is high, cultivate high, the good reliability of efficiency is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of oil tea container nursery technology, this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the ripe camellia oleifera fruit of plucking 5～10% cracking of fruit, being stacked at room ventilation processes more than 15d to natural cracking, shelling, then obtain Seed of Camellia oleifera by the sieve of aperture 1.2～1.5cm, described Seed of Camellia oleifera is installed with the braiding that has plastic envelope to be positioned over freezer for subsequent use in 0～5 DEG C of refrigeration;
(2) seed pretreatment: take out the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30～45min with mass fraction 0.4～0.5% by Seed of Camellia oleifera from freezer mid-February next year, rinse well with clear water, then with 50～60 DEG C of water seed soakings, naturally cooling rear with Seed soaking 3～5d, change during this time water 1～2 time, the husky vernalization 25～35d that hides of Seed of Camellia oleifera after seed soaking, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 70%～80% seed;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does seedbed after smooth, is erected with the cool canopy that 2～3m is high on described seedbed, covers shading rate and be 70～85% sunshade net on described cool canopy, establishes microspray irrigation facility in seedbed;
2. by filling seedling medium in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 4～5cm, and cut the segment that is sawn into 9～10cm, be then placed in plastic seeding culturing plate the cavings ratio preparation of 6:4 in mass ratio that described seedling medium is selected peat, fermented, and add 3kg/m
3controlled Release Fertilizer;
3. the Seed of Camellia oleifera point of sand being hidden after vernalization is sowed on the seedling medium in non-woven fabric net bag, waters permeablely, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed in to seedbed, builds plastic film shed sealing on seedbed, and described shed center equals 50cm far from the height in seedbed;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. Seed of Camellia oleifera sowing, after 70 days, is chosen 4～8 blades of growth, and leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as anvil seedling, by the 2.0～3.0cm place cut-out above rhizome portion of described anvil seedling, and rip cutting 1.1～1.3cm from top to bottom along axis;
2. select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, the thick 1.5mm of branch is above, prepare scion without damage by disease and insect and the raw semi-lignified branch then that can cut more than 3 scion of system, to the branch of choosing according to blade size, large blade is cut off to 1/2 or 1/3, cutter under 0.2～0.3cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides, be whittled into 2 inclined-planes, long 1.0～the 1.2cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.2～0.3cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. aluminium foil thick 0.12～0.15mm, be cut into wide 0.9～1cm, little of long 3～4cm, be processed into the circle cover being harmonious with two faces on one side, first anvil seedling is packaged to aluminium foil, selection and the scion that stock tangent plane is in the same size, length is suitable, scion is inserted to anvil seedling otch, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, and then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched and turned, compress, oppositely clutch again, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, grafting is placed in shed and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in first 30 days after grafting, the relative moisture in maintenance scaffolding is more than 95%, and timely moisturizing when humidity deficit, sprays water once every 1～2d at Seedling Stage fine day, sprays water once every 2～3d to growth later stage fine day, sprays 20～30min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: after shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20 days debuddings 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: after grafting,, in 25 days, shading rate should be controlled at 75%～85%, temperature of shed should be controlled at below 38 DEG C; High temperature season on cool canopy again lid layer shading rate be 50% sunshade net.
4. nutrient management: when oil tea nursery stock grows after 2～3 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones and 0.1～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 7～10d, intersect with fertile; In the time that the bud of scion grows to 3～5cm, can start spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.2～0.3% urea; The growth later stage spraying concentration composite fertilizer's solution that is 0.2～0.3%, sprays 1 time every 7～10d, described in spray the time between early or night;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. early April to early October is carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock, monthly 3 times, spray mass fraction and be 0.3～0.5% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones, 0.1%～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, three is used alternatingly, and late October starts with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones missible oil 2 times;
3. extract in time bud, at height 30cm place, cutting strunk is pinched;
(7) go out garden management:
1. lifting: keep the interior root system of container complete when lifting, with the disconnected root system that passes container of cutter shearing;
2. packed and transported: with bamboo basket, plastic crate or wooden frame splendid attire, every frame 100～200 strains, when transport on nursery stock way far away, add a cover tarpaulin.
As preferably, the per kilogram of Seed of Camellia oleifera described in step 1) is containing 400～480, and the germination rate of Seed of Camellia oleifera is more than or equal to 90%, and Seed of Camellia oleifera grain is full greatly, reliable in quality, and germination rate is high, and the reliability of growing seedlings is high.
As preferably, in step 3), on seedbed, lay ground cloth, seedbed width 100～110cm; Seedbed spacing 35～45cm.
As preferably, in step 3), seedling medium can also be to select the ratio preparation of 5:2:3 in mass ratio of peat, vermiculite, perlite, and described seedling medium particle diameter is less than 0.8mm.
As preferably, in step 4), cutting orchard uses and does through the breeding of authorization that scion bull is high to be connect breeding cuttage seeding or the sprout stock grafting of building garden or selecting authorization and build Xin Pu.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) oil tea seedling reproduction speed is fast, and growing-seedling period is short, and nursery stock is evenly neat, is convenient to do mechanization operation;
(2) root system and matrix that the present invention educates oil tea seedling are closely wound around, and matrix is difficult for being scattered, and lifting is convenient, are convenient to long-distance transport;
(3) the present invention educates oil tea transplantation of seedlings and is not subject to the restriction in planting season, and survival rate is high, transplants without seedling-slowing stage, and primary growth is fast.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of oil tea container nursery technology, this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the ripe camellia oleifera fruit of plucking 5% cracking of fruit, be stacked at room ventilation and process 16d to natural cracking, shelling, then obtain Seed of Camellia oleifera by the sieve of aperture 1.5cm, the present embodiment per kilogram Seed of Camellia oleifera is containing 400, bud ratio is 92%, described Seed of Camellia oleifera is placed in to freezer for subsequent use in 0 DEG C of refrigeration;
(2) seed pretreatment: the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 45min by Seed of Camellia oleifera with mass fraction 0.4%, rinse well with clear water, then with 50 DEG C of water seed soakings, naturally the cooling rear Seed soaking 5d that uses, change during this time water 2 times, Seed of Camellia oleifera after seed soaking is husky hides vernalization 25 days, and 70% seed is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does seedbed after smooth, lays ground cloth, seedbed width 100cm on seedbed; Seedbed spacing 35cm, is erected with the cool canopy that 2m is high on described seedbed, cover shading rate and be 70% sunshade net on described cool canopy, and microspray irrigation facility is installed in seedbed;
2. by filling seedling medium in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 4cm, and cut the segment that is sawn into 10cm, be then placed in plastic seeding culturing plate the cavings ratio preparation of 6:4 in mass ratio that described seedling medium is selected peat, fermented, and add 3kg/m
3controlled Release Fertilizer;
3. the Seed of Camellia oleifera point of sand being hidden after vernalization is sowed on the seedling medium in non-woven fabric net bag, water permeable, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed in to seedbed, the mao bamboon bar of fining away with long 200cm, wide 3cm, two ends, across both sides, insertion seedbed, seedbed, arch center is 50cm far from seedbed ground level, and bamboo cane spacing is 100cm, cover the thick plastic film of 0.014mm, surrounding is sealed with earth;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. Seed of Camellia oleifera sowing, after 70 days, is chosen 4 blades of growth, and leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as anvil seedling, by the 2.0cm place cut-out above rhizome portion of described anvil seedling, and the rip cutting 1.1cm from top to bottom along axis;
2. select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, the thick 1.6mm of branch, prepare scion without damage by disease and insect and the raw semi-lignified branch then that can cut 4 scion of system, the branch of choosing is cut off to 1/2 large blade, little blade is not cut, cutter under 0.2cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides, be whittled into 2 inclined-planes, the long 1.0cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.2cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. aluminium foil thick 0.12mm, be cut into wide 0.9cm, long 3cm little, be processed into the circle cover being harmonious with two faces on one side, first anvil seedling is packaged to aluminium foil, selection and the scion that stock tangent plane is in the same size, length is suitable, scion is inserted to anvil seedling otch, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched and turned, compress, more oppositely clutch, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, grafting is placed in shed and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in the front 30d after grafting, the relative moisture in maintenance scaffolding is 95.5%, and timely moisturizing when humidity deficit, sprays water once every 1d at Seedling Stage fine day, sprays water once every 2d to growth later stage fine day, sprays 30min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: after shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20d debudding 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: after grafting,, in 25d, shading rate is controlled at 75%, in canopy, maximum temperature should be controlled at 37 DEG C;
4. nutrient management: when oil tea nursery stock grows after 2 leaves, spray 0.02% 800 times of liquid of brassin lactones breast and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 7d, intersect with fertile; In the time that the bud of scion grows to 3cm, can start spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.2% urea; The growth later stage spraying concentration composite fertilizer's solution that is 0.2%, sprays 1 time every 7d, described in spray the time between early;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. early April to early October is carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock, monthly 3 times, spray mass fraction and be 0.3% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, three is used alternatingly, and late October starts with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones 2 times;
3. extract in time bud, at height 30cm place, cutting strunk is pinched;
(7) go out garden management:
1. lifting: keep the interior root system of container complete when lifting, with the disconnected root system that passes container of cutter shearing;
2. packed and transported: use bamboo basket splendid attire, every frame 100 strains, when transport on nursery stock way far away, add a cover tarpaulin.
Embodiment 2
A kind of oil tea container nursery technology, this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the ripe camellia oleifera fruit of plucking 10% cracking of fruit, being stacked at room ventilation processes more than 20d to natural cracking, shelling, then obtain Seed of Camellia oleifera by the sieve of aperture 1.5cm, the present embodiment per kilogram Seed of Camellia oleifera is containing 480, bud ratio is 91%, described Seed of Camellia oleifera is placed in to freezer for subsequent use in 5 DEG C of refrigerations;
(2) seed pretreatment: the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30min by Seed of Camellia oleifera with mass fraction 0.5%, rinse well with clear water, follow with 60 DEG C of water seed soakings, naturally the cooling rear Seed soaking 3d that uses, change during this time water 1 time, the husky vernalization 35d that hides of Seed of Camellia oleifera after seed soaking, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 80% seed;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does seedbed after smooth, lays ground cloth, seedbed width 110cm on seedbed; Seedbed spacing 45cm, sets up the cool canopy that 3m is high on described seedbed, cover shading rate and be 85% sunshade net on described cool canopy, is provided with microspray irrigation facility in seedbed;
2. by filling seedling medium in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 5cm, and cut into the segment of 9cm, be then placed in plastic seeding culturing plate, described seedling medium is selected the ratio preparation of 5:2:3 in mass ratio of peat, vermiculite, perlite, seedling medium particle diameter is 0.8mm;
3. the Seed of Camellia oleifera point of sand being hidden after vernalization is sowed on the seedling medium in non-woven fabric net bag, water permeable, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed in to seedbed, with the stainless steel steel wire of diameter 4mm across both sides, insertion seedbed, seedbed, arch center is 50cm far from seedbed ground level, stainless steel wire spacing is 120cm, covers the thick plastic film of 0.03mm, and surrounding is sealed with earth;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. after Seed of Camellia oleifera sowing 70d, choose 8 blades of growth, leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as anvil seedling, by the 3.0cm place cut-out above rhizome portion of described anvil seedling, and the rip cutting 1.3cm from top to bottom along axis;
2. choose 10 years common camellia oleifera lams of life and make large anvil, select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, the thick 2.0mm of branch, prepare scion without damage by disease and insect and the raw semi-lignified branch then that can cut 4 scion of system, the branch of choosing is cut off to 1/3 large blade, little blade is not cut, cutter under 0.3cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides, is whittled into 2 inclined-planes, the long 1.2cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.3cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. aluminium foil thick 0.15mm, be cut into wide 1cm, long 4cm little, be processed into the circle cover being harmonious with two faces on one side, first anvil seedling is packaged to aluminium foil, selection and the scion that stock tangent plane is in the same size, length is suitable, scion is inserted to anvil seedling otch, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched and turned, compress, more oppositely clutch, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, grafting is placed in shed and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in the front 30d after grafting, the relative moisture in maintenance scaffolding is more than 96%, and timely moisturizing when humidity deficit, sprays water once every 2d at Seedling Stage fine day, to growth later stage fine day every 2 water sprays once, sprays 20min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: after shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20d debudding 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: after grafting,, in 25d, shading rate is controlled at 85%, in canopy, maximum temperature is controlled at 35 DEG C;
4. nutrient management: when oil tea nursery stock grows after 3 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones missible oil and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 10d, intersect with fertile; In the time that the bud of scion grows to 5cm, can start spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.3% urea; The growth later stage spraying concentration composite fertilizer's solution that is 0.3%, sprays 1 time every 10d, described in to spray the time be night;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. early April to early October is carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock, monthly 3 times, spraying concentration is 0.5% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones missible oil, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and three is used alternatingly, and late October starts with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones 2 times;
3. extract in time bud, at height 30cm place, cutting strunk is pinched;
(7) go out garden management:
1. lifting: keep the interior root system of container complete when lifting, with the disconnected root system that passes container of cutter shearing;
2. packed and transported: use plastic crate splendid attire, every frame 200 strains, when transport on nursery stock way far away, add a cover tarpaulin.
Embodiment 3
A kind of oil tea container nursery technology, this technology realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the ripe camellia oleifera fruit of plucking 7% cracking of fruit, being stacked at room ventilation processes more than 18d to natural cracking, shelling, then obtain Seed of Camellia oleifera by the sieve of aperture 1.4cm, the present embodiment per kilogram Seed of Camellia oleifera is containing 430, bud ratio is 92.8%, described Seed of Camellia oleifera is placed in to freezer for subsequent use in 2 DEG C of refrigerations;
(2) seed pretreatment: the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 40min by Seed of Camellia oleifera with mass fraction 0.45%, rinse well with clear water, then with 55 DEG C of water seed soakings, naturally the cooling rear Seed soaking 4d that uses, change during this time water 1 time, the husky vernalization 30d that hides of Seed of Camellia oleifera after seed soaking, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 75% seed;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does seedbed after smooth, lays ground cloth, seedbed width 105cm on seedbed; Seedbed spacing 40cm, is erected with the cool canopy that 2.5m is high on described seedbed, cover shading rate and be 75% sunshade net on described cool canopy, establishes microspray irrigation facility in seedbed;
2. by filling seedling medium in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 4.5cm, and cut into the segment of 9.5cm, be then placed in plastic seeding culturing plate the cavings ratio preparation of 6:4 in mass ratio that described seedling medium is selected peat, fermented, and add 3kg/m
3controlled Release Fertilizer;
3. the Seed of Camellia oleifera point of sand being hidden after vernalization is sowed on the seedling medium in non-woven fabric net bag, water permeable, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed in to seedbed, the mao bamboon bar of fining away with long 200cm, wide 3cm, two ends, across both sides, insertion seedbed, seedbed, arch center is 50cm far from seedbed ground level, and bamboo cane spacing is 110cm, cover the thick plastic film of 0.02mm, surrounding is sealed with earth;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. Seed of Camellia oleifera sowing, after 70 days, is chosen 6 blades of growth, and leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as anvil seedling, by the 2.5cm place cut-out above rhizome portion of described anvil seedling, and the rip cutting 1.2cm from top to bottom along axis;
2. select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, the thick 1.8mm of branch, prepare scion without damage by disease and insect and the raw semi-lignified branch then that can cut 4 scion of system, the branch of choosing is cut off to 1/2 large blade, little blade is not cut, cutter under 0.25cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides, be whittled into 2 inclined-planes, the long 1.1cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.25cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. aluminium foil thick 0.13mm, be cut into wide 0.95cm, little of long 3.5cm, be processed into the circle cover being harmonious with two faces on one side, first anvil seedling is packaged to aluminium foil, selection and the scion that stock tangent plane is in the same size, length is suitable, scion is inserted to anvil seedling otch, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, and then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched and turned, compress, oppositely clutch again, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, grafting is placed in shed and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in the front 30d after grafting, the relative moisture in maintenance scaffolding is more than 95.5%, and timely moisturizing when humidity deficit, sprays water once every 1d at Seedling Stage fine day, sprays water once every 2d to growth later stage fine day, sprays 20min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: after shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20 days debuddings 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: after grafting,, in 25d, shading rate should be controlled at 80%, in canopy, maximum temperature should be controlled at below 30 DEG C;
4. nutrient management: when oil tea nursery stock grows after 2 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones and 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 8d, intersect with fertile; In the time that the bud of scion grows to 4cm, can start spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.25% urea; The growth later stage spraying concentration composite fertilizer's solution that is 0.25%, sprays 1 time every 8d, described in spray the time between early;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. early April to early October is carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock, monthly 3 times, spray mass fraction and be 0.4% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones, 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, three is used alternatingly, and late October starts with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones 2 times;
3. extract in time bud, at height 30cm place, cutting strunk is pinched;
(7) go out garden management:
1. lifting: keep the interior root system of container complete when lifting, with the disconnected root system that passes container of cutter shearing;
2. packed and transported: use wooden frame splendid attire, every frame 150 strains, when transport on nursery stock way far away, add a cover tarpaulin.
Above-described embodiment is preferably scheme of one of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite that does not exceed the technical scheme that claim records.
Claims (5)
1. an oil tea container seedling culture method, is characterized in that, the method realizes by following step:
(1) seed collection: the ripe camellia oleifera fruit of plucking 5～10% cracking of fruit, being stacked at room ventilation processes more than 15d to natural cracking, shelling, then obtain Seed of Camellia oleifera by the sieve of aperture 1.2～1.5cm, described Seed of Camellia oleifera is placed in to freezer for subsequent use in 0～5 DEG C of refrigeration;
(2) seed pretreatment: the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 30～45min by Seed of Camellia oleifera with mass fraction 0.4～0.5%, rinse well with clear water, then with 50～60 DEG C of water seed soakings, naturally cooling rear with Seed soaking 3～5d, change during this time water 1～2 time, the husky vernalization 25～35d that hides of Seed of Camellia oleifera after seed soaking, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 70～80% seed;
(3) sowing:
1. choose have abundant water resources, plot that irrigation condition is good does seedbed after smooth, is erected with the cool canopy that 2～3m is high on described seedbed, covers shading rate and be 70～85% sunshade net on described cool canopy, establishes microspray irrigation facility in seedbed;
2. by filling seedling medium in the nonwoven mesh bag of diameter 4～5cm, and cut the segment that is sawn into 9～10cm, be then placed in plastic seeding culturing plate the cavings ratio preparation of 6:4 in mass ratio that described seedling medium is selected peat, fermented, and add 3kg/m
3controlled Release Fertilizer;
3. the Seed of Camellia oleifera point of sand being hidden after vernalization is sowed on the seedling medium in non-woven fabric net bag, waters permeablely, then plastic seeding culturing plate is placed in to seedbed, builds plastic film shed sealing on seedbed, and described shed center equals 50cm far from the height in seedbed;
(4) seedling anvil grafting:
1. after Seed of Camellia oleifera sowing 70d, choose 4～8 blades of growth, leading thread reaches the oil tea seedling of 2.0mm as anvil seedling, by the 2.0～3.0cm place cut-out above rhizome portion of described anvil seedling, and rip cutting 1.1～1.3cm from top to bottom along axis;
2. select that cutting orchard maternal plant tree crown middle and upper part is physically well developed, the thick 1.5mm of branch is above, prepare scion without damage by disease and insect and the raw semi-lignified branch then that can cut more than 3 scion of system, the branch of choosing is cut off to 1/2 or 1/3 large blade, cutter under 0.2～0.3cm place, the bottom of axillalry bud both sides, be whittled into 2 inclined-planes, long 1.0～the 1.2cm of bevel, scion lower end wedgewise, 0.2～0.3cm place, scion axillalry bud top cuts off branch;
3. aluminium foil thick 0.12～0.15mm, be cut into wide 0.9～1cm, little of long 3～4cm, be processed into the circle cover being harmonious with two faces on one side, first anvil seedling is packaged to aluminium foil, selection and the scion that stock tangent plane is in the same size, length is suitable, scion is inserted to anvil seedling otch, and scion base portion and stock kerf bottom are close to, and then aluminium foil is progressively clutched from top to bottom, scion and anvil seedling are combined closely, aluminium foil two ends are forward pinched and turned, compress, oppositely clutch again, socket fringe with have gentle hands and do not come off and be as the criterion, grafting is placed in shed and sealing;
(5) grafting management:
1. water management: in the front 30d after grafting, the relative moisture in maintenance scaffolding is more than 95%, and timely moisturizing when humidity deficit, sprays water once every 1～2d at Seedling Stage fine day, sprays water once every 2～3d to growth later stage fine day, sprays 20～30min at every turn;
2. except anvil and weeding management: after shed sealing 40d, raise plastic film, the anvil bud on removal stock, and artificial removal weeds, afterwards in conjunction with weeding every 20d debudding 1 time;
3. illumination and temperature treatment: after grafting,, in 25d, shading rate should be controlled at 75%～85%, temperature of shed should be controlled at below 38 DEG C;
4. nutrient management: when oil tea nursery stock grows after 2～3 leaves, spray 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones and 0.1～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 7～10d, intersect with fertile; In the time that the bud of scion grows to 3～5cm, starting spraying concentration in conjunction with weeding is 0.2～0.3% urea; The growth later stage spraying concentration composite fertilizer's solution that is 0.2～0.3%, sprays 1 time every 7～10d, described in spray the time between early or night;
(6) biennial seedling production management:
1. seedling medium is irregularly kept the skin wet;
2. early April to early October is carried out foliage fertilization to nursery stock, monthly 3 times, spray mass fraction and be 0.3～0.5% urea, 800 times of liquid of 0.02% brassin lactones and 0.1～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, three is used alternatingly, and late October starts with 800 times of liquid sprays of 0.02% brassin lactones 2 times;
3. extract in time bud, at height 30cm place, cutting strunk is pinched;
(7) go out garden management:
1. lifting: keep the interior root system of container complete when lifting, with the disconnected root system that passes container of cutter shearing;
2. packed and transported: with bamboo basket, plastic crate or wooden frame splendid attire, every frame 100～200 strains, when transport on nursery stock way far away, add a cover tarpaulin.
2. a kind of oil tea container seedling culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the per kilogram of Seed of Camellia oleifera described in step 1) is containing 400～480, and the germination rate of Seed of Camellia oleifera is more than or equal to 90%.
3. a kind of oil tea container seedling culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, lays ground cloth, seedbed width 100～110cm in step 3) on seedbed; Seedbed spacing 35～45cm.
4. a kind of oil tea container seedling culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in step 3), seedling medium can also be selected the ratio preparation of 5:2:3 in mass ratio of peat, vermiculite, perlite, and described seedling medium particle diameter is less than 0.8mm.
5. a kind of oil tea container seedling culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the garden of collecting seedling in step 4) is used does through the breeding of authorization that scion bull is high to be connect breeding cuttage seeding or the sprout stock grafting of building garden or selecting authorization and build Xin Pu.
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