CN101611688A - The propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings - Google Patents
The propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN101611688A CN101611688A CN200910114227A CN200910114227A CN101611688A CN 101611688 A CN101611688 A CN 101611688A CN 200910114227 A CN200910114227 A CN 200910114227A CN 200910114227 A CN200910114227 A CN 200910114227A CN 101611688 A CN101611688 A CN 101611688A
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- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Monopotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001952 metrifonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
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- VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium permanganate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings, the main operational steps of this method is at first to cultivate young anvil, chooses the work of putting of carrying out seedbed and container behind the ground, garden, and selects for use common oil tea seed in the oil tea species to sow and educates anvil; And then carry out the operation of propagation by grafiting, build cool canopy before this and carried out grafting again, with 4～6 months seedling was stock, adopt semi-lignified to lignified Camellia Oleifera Clones branch to do scion, carry out grafting in the suitable phenophase of oil tea, after the grafting immediately arch cover preserve moisture, humidity remains on 80%～90% in the cover, and carry out in time remove sprout, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.Propagation method grafting of the present invention is long season, and breeding method is simple, is easy to promote and large-scale production, and survival rate reaches more than 95%, improves the economic worth of oil tea breeding Application and Development greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the propagation method of the propagation method of a kind of forest, particularly a kind of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings.
Background technology
China oil tea produces, and adopting sexual propagation (breeding of growing directly from seeds) mode for a long time is " deep-rooted ", and this is to cause oil tea variet complexity, the good and the bad to differ, manage the main cause inconvenient, that output is lower.But the continuous generation with choiceness carried out in a deep going way along with fine-variety breeding research, and numerous scientific workers' synergistic operation, oil tea vegetative propagation technique difficulty is progressively solved and is applied in oil tea produces, and moves towards improved variety for oil tea production and has opened up road.Wherein cuttage, grafting, group training are the main means of oil tea clonal reproduction.The propagation method of oil tea grafting be branch grafting with good elite stand to oil tea seedling anvil with main root, and produce callus by the cambial cell that anvil, fringe otch connect face, making is bonded with each other becomes unified new plant.At present, the oil tea propagation by grafiting method that China mainly adopts, study successfully " grafting of oil-tea sprout anvil " method the seventies in 20th century by Inst. of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, but the seasonality of its grafting is shorter, the administrative skill of cultivating seedlings is had relatively high expectations, and the penetration and promotion of its technology and the Application and Development energetically of oil tea breeding propagation by grafiting seedling are had certain restriction.
Summary of the invention
The propagation method of the using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings that technical problem to be solved by this invention provides that a kind of breeding method is simple, grafting season is long, survival rate is high.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme: the propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings of the present invention is operated according to the following steps:
(1) cultivate young anvil, concrete operations are as follows:
1. garden ground is selected: select to have water source or pouring condition and ground, garden is made in the place being convenient to manage;
2. carry out the seedbed and carry out container and put: with ground, garden smooth and divided seedbed and pavement after, the container that nutrition soil will be housed again is placed on the seedbed with neatly being close to;
3. seed treatment: educate seed selection, sterilization and the vernalization of anvil seed before the sowing, seed is selected the common oil tea seed in the oil tea species for use;
4. anvil is educated in sowing: sow in container annual February December to next year after the presprouting of seeds;
5. stock management: after planting regularly trickle is preserved moisture, and treats to carry out after nursery stock is unearthed the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect;
(2) propagation by grafiting, concrete operations are as follows:
1. build cool canopy: the nursery lot of cultivating stock is put up cool canopy in order to shading before grafting;
2. grafting: with 4～6 months seedling was stock, adopted semi-lignified to lignified Camellia Oleifera Clones branch to do scion, carried out grafting in the suitable phenophase of oil tea;
3. preserve moisture: after the grafting immediately arch cover preserve moisture, the cover in humidity remain on 80%～90%;
4. managing after grafting: carry out in time remove sprout, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.
Nutrition soil during the young anvil of described cultivation in the container is to be mixed by the following raw material of preparation by mass percentage: farmyard manure 60%～70%, turf plaster 20%～30%, decomposed dung or become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3%.
In the stock management of carrying out during the young anvil of described cultivation, when nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, begin fertilising, executed the bran cake liquid manure or of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 2 times in every month based on nitrogenous composite fertilizer; In diseases and pests controlling, add concentration and be 0.1%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or humic acid liquid foliage fertilizer and carry out foliage spray.
Described in the step of propagation by grafiting, executed the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time～2 times behind the grafting survival in every month, at oil tea growth animated period, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in per 10 days～15 days, with concentration is that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and, add with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests in conjunction with foliar application.
Propagation method grafting of the present invention is long season; breeding method is simple, is easy to promote and large-scale production, can also solve problems such as oil tea clone exposed root and shoot forestation survival rate is low, afforestation is of poor quality preferably; survival rate reaches more than 95%, improves the economic worth of oil tea breeding Application and Development greatly.
Embodiment
The used stock of propagation method of the present invention mainly is to adopt the common oil tea cultivating seeds in the oil tea species to become young anvil.Because the choiceness of oil tea is selected from common oil tea mostly, affiliation is near, and anvil fringe affinity is strong, so the graft survival rate height, and the conventional oil tea resource is abundant, draws materials easily.
Below the concrete operations step of propagation method of the present invention is done detailed explanation:
1, cultivates young anvil
(1) garden ground is selected: select convenient transportation, water source or pouring condition are arranged and ground, garden is made in the place being convenient to manage, require that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, the winter can go to a winter resort, the summer can exempt from extremely hot.
(2) carry out seedbed and carry out container and put: the stack retting fertilizer of using the mixed raw material by following mass percent to become is made the nutrition soil of container: farmyard manure 60%～70%, turf plaster 20%～30%, decomposed dung or become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3%.Garden ground is smooth and divided (the high 10cm in seedbed, wide 100cm～120cm, long 6m～8m, the wide 40cm of pavement) behind seedbed and the pavement, the container that nutrition soil is housed is emitted on the seedbed with neatly being close to.
(3) seed treatment: seed is selected the common oil tea seed in the oil tea species for use, and in early November is carried out presprouting of seeds then, its operation requires: seed soaking earlier 2 days～3 days, remove the light grain seed and the small-sized seed of bubbling through the water column, choose grain big, full, do not have and go mouldy and the seed of insect pest, be 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 5 minutes with concentration again, pick up and rinse the husky vernalization of hiding in back well, and note keeping river sand moistening, and humidity is with agglomerating with grasped, and loosing one's grip scatters is advisable.
(4) anvil is educated in sowing: February December to next year then, treat that seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to grow the back to radicle and take out sowing after the presprouting of seeds, and one of each container program request, earthing 1.5cm～2.0cm after planting, and cover the water of drenching again behind the seedbed with straw or stalk.Winter sowing can cover with plastic film, to improve seedling bed temperature, is beneficial to ahead of time and emerges.
(5) stock management: after planting must be in time, trickle equably, keep the seedbed moistening.After nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding, begin to drench and execute liquid manure, 2 times every month, execute concentration and be 0.1%～0.5% become thoroughly decomposed bran cake liquid manure or based on nitrogenous composite fertilizer, concentration increases gradually, the pouring blade face is watered with clear water in the fertilising back.Attention control oil tea root rot, leaf soft rot and anthracnose and all kinds of oil tea insect in diseases and pests controlling, can add concentration and were 0.1%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or humic acid liquid foliage fertilizer and carry out foliage spray seedling stage.
2, propagation by grafiting
(1) build cool canopy: the nursery lot of cultivating stock is put up cool canopy in order to shading before grafting, can build simple and easy cool canopy, the canopy height is generally at 2.5m～3.0m, shade density 75%～85%, specifically according to adjusting in season and weather condition, torridity summer and arid dry season are high, and spring, plum rain season can suitably be opened shade net.
(2) grafting: the seedling with 4～June is a stock, selects preferable grafting time to carry out grafting, and the grafting time that propagation method of the present invention is suitable is annual May～August.Grafting method can adopt cleft graft, and to complete lignification branch, the leaf bud of scion is full with the Camellia Oleifera Clones semi-lignified in scion, and the fringe bar is noted preserving moisture with adopting with connecing.During grafting earlier with stock from breaking of about 5cm overhead with top, then with the vertical cleave in two of stock, dark 1.2cm～the 1.5cm of otch, again scion is whittled into the long wedge shape of 1.2～1.5cm, scion keeps 1 bud, 1 leaf, blade can cut off 1/3～1/2 blade face or stay full leaf, and stock and scion are cut mouth and wanted level and smooth; Then the stock otch is inserted in the scion of cutting, petiole one side cortex aligns, and puts and clutch, the degree of tightness appropriateness with the aluminum slice that is about 3cm, wide about 1.0cm.
(3) preserve moisture: it is one of key factor of surviving of grafting that nursery lot is preserved moisture.Encircle plastic film cover after the grafting immediately and preserve moisture (every seedbed is the unit of independently preserving moisture), humidity should remain on 80%～90% in the cover; Grafting heals into live time and needs about 20 days～30 days approximately, during the cover of preserving moisture should not often open, good when the healing of seedling grafting mouth, and at least 60% above plant sprouts when taking out living young sprout, can be with the cover dismounting of preserving moisture.
(4) managing after grafting:
1. in time remove and sprout: after the grafting mouth healed fully, the rudiment with stock of beginning not timing was wiped out;
2. the fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest: use by the raw material of following mass percent and mix bran cake liquid manure that the system of macerating makes to fully the becoming thoroughly decomposed usefulness of topdressing: bran cake fertilizer 70%, phosphate fertilizer 30%; Behind the grafting survival, drench in every month vegetative period of oil tea that to execute 1 time～2 times concentration be 5% bran cake dilution liquid manure.At grafting growth animated period, foliage fertilization was 1 time in per 10 days～15 days, with concentration is that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, adding with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and active ingredient percentage is 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Below be that the inventor uses the example that the inventive method is carried out the using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings breeding:
Example 1:2006 early November adopts common oil tea seed to carry out presprouting of seeds, in January, 2007, anvil was educated in sowing, and the nutrition soil in the container is the mixed raw material one-tenth by following mass percent: farmyard manure 60%, turf plaster 30%, decomposed dung 7% and superphosphate 3%.Children's anvil was cultivated after 4 months, was scion (staying full leaf) with the Camellia Oleifera Clones semi-lignified branch, adopted cleft graft to carry out grafting mid-May, and grafting survived condition survey after 25 days, and survival rate reaches 86.6%.Sprout, impose root manure and management work such as foliar application, the extermination of disease and insect pest after remove, promptly to have in March, second 88.3% grafting container seedling to reach the standard of qualified seedling, survival rate reaches 95.7%.
Example 2: will mix by the raw material of following mass percent and macerate the nutrition soil of making and put into each container: 70% farmyard manure, 20% turf plaster, 7% become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer and 3% superphosphate.Cultivate seedling with common oil tea planting seed in December, 2007, July in the same year, the common oil tea seedling with 6 monthly ages made stock, with soft No. 2 of the Cen of forest-science academy, Guangxi seed selection, the branch of soft No. 3 two Camellia Oleifera Clones of Cen is scion (staying full leaf), adopts cleft graft to carry out grafting.Grafting begins the foliage-spray phytocytomine 3 times after 15 days, once other control measures were with embodiment 1 in per 7 days～10 days.Grafting was investigated after 20 days, and 83.2% grafting plant produces callus, and the healing of grafting mouth is good.
Claims (4)
1. the propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings is characterized in that the operating procedure of this method is as follows:
(1) cultivate young anvil, concrete operations are as follows:
1. garden ground is selected: select to have water source or pouring condition and ground, garden is made in the place being convenient to manage;
2. carry out the seedbed and carry out container and put: with ground, garden smooth and divided seedbed and pavement after, the container that nutrition soil will be housed again is placed on the seedbed with neatly being close to;
3. seed treatment: educate seed selection, sterilization and the vernalization of anvil seed before the sowing, seed is selected the common oil tea seed in the oil tea species for use;
4. anvil is educated in sowing: sow in container annual February December to next year after the presprouting of seeds;
5. stock management: after planting regularly trickle is preserved moisture, and treats to carry out after nursery stock is unearthed the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect;
(2) propagation by grafiting, concrete operations are as follows:
1. build cool canopy: the nursery lot of cultivating stock is put up cool canopy in order to shading before grafting;
2. grafting: with 4～6 months seedling was stock, adopted semi-lignified to lignified Camellia Oleifera Clones branch to do scion, carried out grafting in the suitable phenophase of oil tea;
3. preserve moisture: after the grafting immediately arch cover preserve moisture, the cover in humidity remain on 80%～90%;
4. managing after grafting: carry out in time remove sprout, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.
2. the propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the nutrition soil during the young anvil of described cultivation in the container is that the mixed raw material by following preparation by mass percentage becomes: farmyard manure 60%～70%, turf plaster 20%～30%, decomposed dung or become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3%.
3. the propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the stock management of carrying out during the young anvil of described cultivation, when nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, begin fertilising, executed the bran cake liquid manure or of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 2 times in every month based on nitrogenous composite fertilizer; In diseases and pests controlling, add concentration and be 0.1%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or humic acid liquid foliage fertilizer and carry out foliage spray.
4. the propagation method of using oil-tea young anvil to graft containerized seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in the step of propagation by grafiting, executed the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time～2 times behind the grafting survival in every month, at oil tea growth animated period, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in per 10 days～15 days, with concentration is that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and, add with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests in conjunction with foliar application.
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| CN101822160A (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2010-09-08 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method using tissue-subculture sprouts of oil-tea camellia to raise seedlings by grafting |
| CN102804997A (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2012-12-05 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Grafting and seedling-cultivating method for Theaceae plant |
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| CN102804997A (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2012-12-05 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Grafting and seedling-cultivating method for Theaceae plant |
| CN103081699A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-08 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring |
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