CN102960172A - Short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method for camellia azalea - Google Patents
Short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method for camellia azalea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method for camellia azalea. The short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method comprises the following steps: selecting general camellia oleifera seeds, sterilizing the general camellia oleifera seeds with potassium permanganate solution and then carrying out stratification, sprouting and anvil culture; after radicles are 3-4 cm in length, grafting the radicles; selecting one-year branches with strongly-grown crown peripheries, full sprout eyes, no pest and disease damage and half lignification to lignification as scions with the length of 2-3 cm; soaking base parts with a plant growth regulator solution; after the scions are grafted, planting the grafted scions in a container bag filled with nutrient-rich substrate on a seed bed in a sunshelter for culturing; and covering, humidifying, shielding and carrying out standard management to form a high-quality grafted container seedling of the camellia azalea. According to the short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method, the grafting is realized at the smooth parts of radicles and the root systems of plants are developed, so that the survival rate and the growth amount of nursery stock can be effectively increased and the culture time of the stock is greatly shortened; and the scions are short, and thus the utilization rate and the propagation coefficient of the scions are improved. The short-spike and root-grafting rapid propagation method has the advantages of convenience for operation, high work efficiency and better economic benefit and social benefit; and according to the method, the scale propagation effect of the camellia azalea stock is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant Fast Asexual Propagation Technique field, relate to the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea and connect quick-breeding method.
Background technology
Camellia azalea (
Camellia azaleaWei.) belonging to the Theaceae Camellia, is evergreen dungarunga, has another name called Zhang Shi Camellia, rhododendron leaves camellia, cuckoo tea, four seasons tea etc., is the distinctive camellia original seed of China, belongs to the first-grade state protection plant.Camellia azalea with its long at florescence, flower is many, pattern is gorgeous, high temperature resistant, fit the good characteristics such as dark and damp, strong stress resistance, leaf uniqueness, have high scientific research value, ornamental value and economic worth, the prospect of marketing is wide.The camellia azalea geographic range of wild state is narrow, according to present investigation, only in the Provincial Nature Reserve of goose phoenix screen-like mountain peak, Yangchun City, Guangdong Province fragmentary distribution is arranged.How to strengthen precious wild plant resource effectively protection and rational Application, caused vast gardens, flowers industry breeding scientific worker and the producer's extensive concern.
Under natural habitat, camellia azalea upgrades main by seed germination, but Natural seed setting rate is low, and seed quality is poor, and germination rate is low, and the seedling of open-air population sylvan life is considerably less, has greatly affected the sustainable use of camellia azalea germ plasm resource.Solve the contradiction between limited wild resource and the growing needs, carrying out the artificial breeding cultivation is the important channel.Sexual propagation and vegetative propagation are the main mating systems of camellia azalea, but to morphological feature, the growth characteristics of camellia azalea, the rule of blossoming and bearing fruit, natural regeneration characteristics, breed the aspects such as characteristic and studies show that, carry out its sexual propagation and have limitation.In recent years, aspect the vegetative propagation techniques such as cuttage, grafting and tissue cultivation of camellia azalea research is being arranged.The campaign result shows: camellia azalea cottage propagation survival rate is low, and only about 40%; That also is that all right at present is ripe for its tissue culture technique; Although conventional propagation by grafiting seedling-cultivating method is ripe with its technology, survival rate is better used in production than advantages of higher, but because of deficiencies such as it exist that reproduction coefficient is low, the stock cultivation time is long, so that production cost is higher and reduced the overall economic efficiency of nursery stock scale development.
The present invention proves through repetition test for many years, common oil tea radicle take about 60 days vegetative period is as stock, adopt root to connect method, carry out the short fringe rapid seedling cultivation of camellia azalea, not only simple to operate, survival rate is high, and can Effective Raise reproduction coefficient, shorten the cultivating seedlings cycle, reduce production costs, thereby reach the cost-saving synergistic target.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the deficiency for the existence of the vegetative propagation techniques such as cuttage, grafting, aim to provide the short fringe root of camellia azalea that a kind of cultivation period is short, reproduction coefficient is high and production cost is low and connect the rapid seedling cultivation method.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea connects quick-breeding method, operations such as comprising that stock is cultivated, seedling bed is prepared, build cool canopy, the collection of fringe bar, scion processing, grafting, grafting are planted, grafting is managed, it is characterized in that: choose common Seed of Camellia oleifera, hide vernalization and educate anvil with husky behind the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, when treating the long 3cm of radicle～4cm for grafting; Select the peripheral semi-lignified of camellia azalea tree crown to the scion of lignified annual shoot row culture, spike length 2cm～3cm, and with plant growth regulator solution immersion base portion; Plant after the grafting in the container bag that in cool canopy, is filled with nutrient matrix on the seedbed and cultivate, and the covering moisturizing, humidity 85%～90%, degree of shading 70%～75%; Grafting later stage standardized administration is bred camellia azalea high-quality grafting container seedling; The key step that short fringe root connects quick-breeding method is:
(1) stock is cultivated
1. the anvil kind is selected and is processed: with the stock seed liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection of selecting;
2. presprouting of seeds: adopt husky Tibetan vernalization to educate anvil;
(2) seedling bed is prepared
1. make bed: select physical features more smooth, well-ventilated, sunlight are sufficient, Seedlings nursery ground is made in the excessively drained field wholely; , divide seedbed and pavement in smooth good garden on the ground, seedbed height of bed 10cm, bedside 100cm～120cm, bed is long to be decided according to landform, the wide 40cm of pavement, the mouth of a river that begins to rehearse, low-lying place;
2. seedling medium preparation: different with the base starting material source according to camellia azalea Seedlings development characteristic requirements, prepare grow seedling nutritional matrix by the certain mass ratio;
3. load matrix and put container: before the grafting nutrient matrix that configures is put into container for plant growth and also be emitted on the seedbed with neatly being close to, good with earth culture around the seedbed, tamp with fine earth in the space between container;
(3) build cool canopy: before grafting, build cool canopy in order to shading;
(4) the fringe bar gathers: the peripheral growth of selection tree crown is sturdy, eye is full, extremely lignified current-year branch is as scion without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified, and the collection of fringe bar is in time used afterwards;
(5) scion is processed: the scion base portion that will cut is put into plant growth regulator solution and is soaked;
(6) grafting: adopt cleft graft to lack the fringe root January～February and connect and grow seedlings;
(7) grafting is planted: the transplantation of seedlings that grafting is good is propped with the bamboo arch every 1m behind the water of drenching in the container of sterilization seedbed, then covers plastic film cover, and will compress all around with soil, and humidity remains on 85%～90% in the cover;
(8) grafting management: good when the healing of nursery stock interface, 60% above plant Germination to Frondescent is removed moisture preserving cover, and is carried out rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work; Grafting is topdressed and should accomplish that thin fertile duty executes, and to November, drenches per month and executes 1 time～2 times 5% bran cake dilution liquid manure, foliage fertilization 2 times behind the grafting survival; The urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.2%～0.3%; later stage is with 0.2%～0.5% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in conjunction with foliar application, or in conjunction with insecticide, bactericide spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests with the protection blade; if the young sprout that scion is sprouted has bud in time to erase, in order to avoid consume nutrient.
Above-described anvil kind is selected and is processed the common Seed of Camellia oleifera that refers to select maturation, soaked seed first 1 day～2 days, remove light grains seed and the granule seed of bubbling through the water column, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, used again 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 5 minutes, pick up rinse well for subsequent use.
The method of above-described presprouting of seeds be late October to early or mid November, select outdoor smooth vacant lot without ponding, spread the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of the about 10cm of one deck prior to the bottom, then spread one deck seed, seed is not overlapping, the last thick fresh mild-crude river sand of the about 8cm～10cm of lid layer, after the trickle moisturizing, use the film covering and heat insulating, river sand humidity is with agglomerating with grasped, loosing one's grip scatters is advisable, and whole husky bed outline is above the ground level and prevents ponding.
Component and the parts by weight of above-described nutrient matrix are: 20 parts～30 parts of yellow soils, through 50 parts～60 parts of the sawdust of retting or coconut palm chaffs, 10 parts～20 parts of fertilizers, 2 parts～3 parts in calcium phosphate; Described retting sawdust or coconut palm chaff must be before use 30 days～sprinkled water in 40 days sawdust or coconut palm chaff drenched, with plastic film cover, sealing, until the rear use of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Above-described method of building cool canopy is to build skeleton with timber, bamboo wood, the high 1.8m of canopy, on cover shading screen, degree of shading 70%～75%, shading screen should hang down to apart from ground about 50cm place around the canopy.
Above-described plant growth regulator solution is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution, and processing method is 5 seconds of usefulness 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution soaking scion base portion.
Above-described grafting is finished according to the following steps:
1. play stock: will plant anvil and dig out cleanly from germination bed, and select that 3cm～4cm will be long, the footpath above radicle of thick 0.2cm is made stock;
2. cut stock: select radicle smoothly to locate to cut off, along the vertical partial application of medulla, dark 1.5cm～2.0cm;
3. cut scion: both sides below fringe bar axillalry bud, to cut a double inclined plane and be wedge, intersection is in medulla, and length is consistent with the stock degree of depth, cuts off at bud upper end 2mm～3mm place again, becomes simple bud or double bud-grafting fringe, the long 2cm～3cm of scion;
4. engage: the stock otch is inserted in the scion of handling well, make the anvil fringe form layer alignment, then put interface with the flake aluminum that is about 3cm, wide about 1.0cm and clutch the degree of tightness appropriateness.
Non-woven bag or plastic container bag that above-described container for plant growth specification is diameter 9cm, high 13cm are in the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of the previous day with 5% of planting.
Above-described grafting method for planting is to insert a hole with the waddy of diameter 1.0cm at container matrix middle part, the hole is dark consistent with grafting root length, the grafting root is put into, noted keeping the grafting mouth more than substrate plane, then righting grafting and compacting jack.
Above-described insecticide, bactericide are 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid of 72% tpn wetting powder.
The present invention has the following advantages with respect to existing technology:
1, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and the operation of grafting link can be finished indoor, compares with the land for growing field crops grafting, and is not only easy to operate, and work efficiency is high, and greatly reduces labour intensity.
2, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, adopts common Seed of Camellia oleifera to make stock, and aboundresources is easy to draw materials.
3, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and in radicle smooth place grafting, plant root is flourishing, energy Effective Raise plant percent and amount of growth; Can also avoid the generation of rudiment bar on the conventional stock, remove the operation of wiping out the rudiment bar from, reduce production cost.
4, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and adopting the radicle about 60 days vegetative period is stock, with conventional 1～2 year living seedling Comparison of Stocks, has significantly shortened stock and has cultivated the time, and the cost-saving synergistic effect is remarkable.
5, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and scion length only be the conventional 5cm of 2cm～3cm(～6cm), obviously improved availability and the numerous coefficient of expansion of scion.
6, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, in January～grafting in February, avoid conventional when the summer and autumn grafting high temperature or dry weather the impact of graft survival rate has been ensured that the scale of camellia azalea nursery stock expands numerous effect.
7, the short fringe root of camellia azalea of the present invention connects quick-breeding method, and scion is processed with 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate immersion base portion can accelerate callus formation, raising graft survival rate 5 seconds.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment given below, can further be well understood to the present invention, but they not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
On October 26th, 2011, choose common Seed of Camellia oleifera, soaked seed first 2 days, remove light grains seed and the granule seed of bubbling through the water column, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, used again 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 5 minutes, and picked up and rinse well, huskyly hide vernalization and educate anvil.Select outdoor smooth vacant lot without ponding, spread the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of the about 10cm of one deck prior to the bottom, then spread one deck seed, seed is not overlapping, and the last thick fresh mild-crude river sand of the about 9cm～10cm of lid layer is after the trickle moisturizing, use the film covering and heat insulating, river sand humidity is with agglomerating with grasped, and loosing one's grip scatters is advisable, and whole husky bed outline is above the ground level and prevents ponding.
Select physical features more smooth, well-ventilated, sunlight are sufficient, Seedlings nursery ground is made in the excessively drained field; , divide seedbed and pavement in smooth good garden on the ground, seedbed height of bed 10cm, bedside 100cm～110cm, bed is long to be decided according to landform, the wide 40cm of pavement, the mouth of a river that begins to rehearse, low-lying place; The seedbed container is the non-woven bag of diameter 9cm, high 13cm, in the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of the previous day with 5% of planting, component will be configured before the grafting and parts by weight are: 22 parts of yellow soils, through 50 parts of the sawdust of retting or coconut palm chaffs, 20 parts of fertilizers, the nutrient matrix that calcium phosphate is 2.5 parts is put into container for plant growth, and is emitted on the seedbed with neatly being close to, good with earth culture around the seedbed, tamp with fine earth in the space between container; Before grafting, build skeleton with timber, bamboo wood, the high 1.8m of canopy, on cover shading screen, degree of shading 75%, shading screen should hang down to apart from ground about 50cm place around the canopy.
Adopting cleft graft to lack the fringe root on February 6th, 12 connects.The peripheral growth of selection camellia azalea tree crown is sturdy, eye is full, extremely lignified current-year branch is as scion without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified, and the collection of fringe bar is in time used afterwards; To plant anvil and dig out cleanly from germination bed, select that 3cm～4cm is long, the footpath above radicle of thick 0.2cm is made stock; Select radicle smoothly to locate to cut off, along the vertical partial application of medulla, dark 1.5cm～2.0cm; Both sides below fringe bar axillalry bud are cut a double inclined plane and are wedge, and intersection is in medulla, and length is consistent with the stock degree of depth, cut off the long 2cm～3cm of scion, 5 seconds of usefulness 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution soaking scion base portion at bud upper end 2mm～3mm place again; The stock otch is inserted in the scion of handling well, make the anvil fringe form layer alignment, then put interface with the flake aluminum that is about 3cm, wide about 1.0cm and clutch the degree of tightness appropriateness.Plant after the grafting in the container bag that in cool canopy, is filled with nutrient matrix on the seedbed and cultivate, the grafting method for planting is to insert a hole with the waddy of diameter 1.0cm at container matrix middle part, the hole is dark consistent with grafting root length, and the grafting root is put into, and notes keeping the grafting mouth more than substrate plane, then righting grafting and compacting jack, the water of drenching is propped with the bamboo arch every 1m, then covers plastic film cover, and with native compression all around, cover interior humidity and remain on 85%～90%; Good when the healing of nursery stock interface, 60% above plant Germination to Frondescent is removed moisture preserving cover, and is carried out rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work; Grafting is topdressed and should accomplish that thin fertile duty executes, and to November, drenches per month the bran cake dilution liquid manure of executing 2 times 5%, foliage fertilization 2 times behind the grafting survival; The urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.2%; later stage is with 0.5% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; in conjunction with foliar application; or in conjunction with spraying with 1000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times of liquid of 72% tpn wetting powder with desinsection, sterilization; prevention and elimination of disease and pests is with the protection blade; if the young sprout that scion is sprouted has bud in time to erase, in order to avoid consume nutrient, breed camellia azalea high-quality grafting container seedling.Grafting is container seedling average height of seedling 37.6cm after 9 months, is up to 55.8cm.
Embodiment 2
The short fringe root of camellia azalea meets fast numerous process such as embodiment 1, on November 20th, 2010, with common oil tea seed-soaking 1 day, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 0.1% 5 minutes picks up and rinses the rear husky vernalization of hiding well.At the beginning of 1 month next year, build cool canopy, degree of shading is 75% in the canopy.Make bed, seedbed height 10cm, wide 100cm in the canopy wholely.The container for plant growth that installs matrix is emitted on the seedbed with neatly being close to, and grow seedling nutritional matrix components and parts by weight are: 30 parts of yellow soils, 18 parts of 50 parts of coconut palm chaffs, fertilizers, 2 parts of superphosphate that retting is good; Container for plant growth is the plastic nutritional bag of diameter 9cm, high 13cm.
On February 5th, 2011, to plant anvil digs out clean from germination bed, select the above radicle of long, the directly thick 0.2cm of 3cm～4cm to make stock, gather that the peripheral growth of camellia azalea tree crown is sturdy, bud section is full, be scion without the current-year branch of damage by disease and insect, long 2cm～the 3cm of scion, adopt the cleft graft grafting, use the flake aluminum fixed interface.The transplantation of seedlings that grafting is good is propped the plastic film moisturizing with the bamboo arch behind the water of drenching, humidity 85%～90% in the cover in the seedbed nutritious bag that has disinfected.
1 first quarter moon " Invest, Then Investigate " of grafting, the healing of nursery stock interface is good, and survival rate reaches 91.5%.When 60% above plant Germination to Frondescent, moisture preserving cover is removed.To November, drench per month the bran cake dilution liquid manure of executing 1～2 time 5% behind the grafting survival; Foliage fertilization is 2 times per month, the urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.3%, later stage is with 0.5% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in conjunction with foliar application, with insecticide (1000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder), bactericide (1200 times of liquid of 72% tpn wetting powder) spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Investigation on November 10th, 2011, average height of seedling 38.3cm is up to 56.4cm.
Embodiment 3
On October 26th, 2011, with common oil tea seed-soaking 1 day, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 0.1% 5 minutes picks up and rinses rear husky Tibetan vernalization well.At the beginning of 12 months, build cool canopy, the high 1.8m of canopy, on cover shading screen, degree of shading 75%, shading screen hangs down to apart from ground about 50cm place around the canopy., divide seedbed and pavement in smooth good garden on the ground, seedbed height of bed 10cm, bedside 100cm～120cm, bed is long to be decided according to landform, the wide 40cm of pavement, the mouth of a river that begins to rehearse, low-lying place; Set the plastic seeding culturing container in the seedbed, containers size: diameter 9cm, high 13cm, grow seedling nutritional matrix components and parts by weight are: 30 parts of yellow soils, 10 parts of 58 parts of coconut palm chaffs, fertilizers, 2 parts of superphosphate that retting is good.
On December 28th, 2011, gather that the peripheral growth of camellia azalea tree crown is sturdy, bud section is full, be scion without the current-year branch of damage by disease and insect; To plant anvil and dig out cleanly from germination bed, select that 3cm～4cm is long, the footpath above radicle of thick 0.2cm is made stock, adopt the cleft graft grafting.Long 2cm～the 3cm of scion uses the flake aluminum fixed interface.The transplantation of seedlings that grafting is good is propped the plastic film moisturizing with the bamboo arch behind the water of drenching, humidity 85%～90% in the cover in the seedbed non-woven bag that has disinfected.
1 first quarter moon " Invest, Then Investigate " of grafting, the healing of nursery stock interface is good, and survival rate reaches 90.7%.When 60% above plant Germination to Frondescent, moisture preserving cover is removed.To November, drench per month the bran cake dilution liquid manure of executing 1～2 time 5% behind the grafting survival; Foliage fertilization is 2 times per month, the urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.2%, later stage is with 0.2% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in conjunction with foliar application, with insecticide (1500 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder), bactericide (1200 times of liquid of 72% tpn wetting powder) spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Investigation on June 15th, 2012, average height of seedling 27.1cm is up to 32.5cm.
Embodiment 4
On November 10th, 2011, with common oil tea seed-soaking 2 days, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, rinse rear husky Tibetan vernalization well with 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate.On January 15th, 2012, will plant anvil and dig out cleanly, select that 3cm～4cm is long, the footpath above radicle of thick 0.2cm is made stock.Gather that the peripheral growth of camellia azalea tree crown is sturdy, bud section is full, be scion without the current-year branch of damage by disease and insect, the long 2cm～3cm of scion, base portion is processed employing cleft graft grafting after 5 seconds with the 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate, and interface is fixed with flake aluminum.The transplantation of seedlings that grafting is good is in the seedbed nutritious bag that has disinfected, and nutrient matrix component and parts by weight are: 20 parts of yellow soils, 20 parts of 57 parts of sawdust, fertilizers, 3 parts of superphosphate that retting is good; Container for plant growth is the nonwoven nutritious bag of diameter 9cm, high 13cm; Cool canopy degree of shading is 70%.Drench and prop with the bamboo arch every 1m behind the water, then cover the plastic film moisturizing, humidity remains on 85%～90% in the cover.
Investigation on March 15th, 2012 graft survival rate reaches 96.0%.When 60% above plant Germination to Frondescent, remove moisture preserving cover, and carry out rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work.Spray per month foliage fertilizer 2 times, the initial stage sprays 0.2% urea, and the later stage is with 0.4% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.In conjunction with foliar application, with 2000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder, 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Investigation on June 15 height of seedling average out to 26.5cm.
Claims (10)
1. the short fringe root of camellia azalea connects quick-breeding method, operations such as comprising that stock is cultivated, seedling bed is prepared, build cool canopy, the collection of fringe bar, scion processing, grafting, grafting are planted, grafting is managed, it is characterized in that: choose common Seed of Camellia oleifera, hide vernalization and educate anvil with husky behind the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, when treating the long 3cm of radicle～4cm for grafting; Select the peripheral semi-lignified of camellia azalea tree crown to the scion of lignified annual shoot row culture, spike length 2cm～3cm, and with plant growth regulator solution immersion base portion; Plant after the grafting in the container bag that in cool canopy, is filled with nutrient matrix on the seedbed and cultivate, and the covering moisturizing, humidity 85%～90%, degree of shading 70%～75%; Grafting later stage standardized administration is bred camellia azalea high-quality grafting container seedling; The key step that short fringe root connects quick-breeding method is:
(1) stock is cultivated
1. the anvil kind is selected and is processed: with the stock seed liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection of selecting;
2. presprouting of seeds: adopt husky Tibetan vernalization to educate anvil;
(2) seedling bed is prepared
1. make bed: select physical features more smooth, well-ventilated, sunlight are sufficient, Seedlings nursery ground is made in the excessively drained field wholely; , divide seedbed and pavement in smooth good garden on the ground, seedbed height of bed 10cm, bedside 100cm～120cm, bed is long to be decided according to landform, the wide 40cm of pavement, the mouth of a river that begins to rehearse, low-lying place;
2. seedling medium preparation: different with the base starting material source according to camellia azalea Seedlings development characteristic requirements, prepare grow seedling nutritional matrix by the certain mass ratio;
3. load matrix and put container: before the grafting nutrient matrix that configures is put into container for plant growth and also be emitted on the seedbed with neatly being close to, good with earth culture around the seedbed, tamp with fine earth in the space between container;
(3) build cool canopy: before grafting, build cool canopy in order to shading;
(4) the fringe bar gathers: the peripheral growth of selection tree crown is sturdy, eye is full, extremely lignified current-year branch is as scion without damage by disease and insect, semi-lignified, and the collection of fringe bar is in time used afterwards;
(5) scion is processed: the scion base portion that will cut is put into plant growth regulator solution and is soaked;
(6) grafting: adopt cleft graft to lack the fringe root January～February and connect and grow seedlings;
(7) grafting is planted: the transplantation of seedlings that grafting is good is propped with the bamboo arch every 1m behind the water of drenching in the container of sterilization seedbed, then covers plastic film cover, and will compress all around with soil, and humidity remains on 85%～90% in the cover;
(8) grafting management: good when the healing of nursery stock interface, 60% above plant Germination to Frondescent is removed moisture preserving cover, and is carried out rich water quality management and extermination of disease and insect pest work; Grafting is topdressed and should accomplish that thin fertile duty executes, and to November, drenches per month and executes 1 time～2 times 5% bran cake dilution liquid manure, foliage fertilization 2 times behind the grafting survival; The urea of initial stage foliage-spray 0.2%～0.3%; later stage is with 0.2%～0.5% urea and the mixed spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in conjunction with foliar application, or in conjunction with insecticide, bactericide spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests with the protection blade; if the young sprout that scion is sprouted has bud in time to erase, in order to avoid consume nutrient.
2. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: described anvil kind is selected and is processed the common Seed of Camellia oleifera that refers to select maturation, soaked seed first 1 day～2 days, remove light grains seed and the granule seed of bubbling through the water column, choose particle large, full, without going mouldy and the seed of insect pest, used again 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 5 minutes, pick up rinse well for subsequent use.
3. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: the method for described presprouting of seeds be late October to early or mid November, select outdoor smooth vacant lot without ponding, spread the thick fresh mild-crude river sand of the about 10cm of one deck prior to the bottom, then spread one deck seed, seed is not overlapping, the last thick fresh mild-crude river sand of the about 8cm～10cm of lid layer, after the trickle moisturizing, use the film covering and heat insulating, river sand humidity is with agglomerating with grasped, and loosing one's grip scatters is advisable, and whole husky bed outline is above the ground level and prevents ponding.
4. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: component and the parts by weight of described nutrient matrix are: 20 parts～30 parts of yellow soils, through 50 parts～60 parts of the sawdust of retting or coconut palm chaffs, 10 parts～20 parts of fertilizers, 2 parts～3 parts in calcium phosphate; Described retting sawdust or coconut palm chaff must be before use 30 days～sprinkled water in 40 days sawdust or coconut palm chaff drenched, with plastic film cover, sealing, until the rear use of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed.
5. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: described method of building cool canopy is to build skeleton with timber, bamboo wood, the high 1.8m of canopy, on cover shading screen, shading screen should hang down to apart from ground about 50cm place around the degree of shading 70%～75%, canopy.
6. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, and it is characterized in that: described plant growth regulator solution is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution, and processing method is 5 seconds of usefulness 500ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution soaking scion base portion.
7. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, and it is characterized in that: described grafting is finished according to the following steps:
1. play stock: will plant anvil and dig out cleanly from germination bed, and select that 3cm～4cm will be long, the footpath above radicle of thick 0.2cm is made stock;
2. cut stock: select radicle smoothly to locate to cut off, along the vertical partial application of medulla, dark 1.5cm～2.0cm;
3. cut scion: both sides below fringe bar axillalry bud, to cut a double inclined plane and be wedge, intersection is in medulla, and length is consistent with the stock degree of depth, cuts off at bud upper end 2mm～3mm place again, becomes simple bud or double bud-grafting fringe, the long 2cm～3cm of scion;
4. engage: the stock otch is inserted in the scion of handling well, make the anvil fringe form layer alignment, then put interface with the flake aluminum that is about 3cm, wide about 1.0cm and clutch the degree of tightness appropriateness.
8. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: non-woven bag or plastic container bag that described container for plant growth specification is diameter 9cm, high 13cm, and in the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of the previous day with 5% of planting.
9. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, it is characterized in that: described grafting method for planting is to insert a hole with the waddy of diameter 1.0cm at container matrix middle part, the hole is dark consistent with grafting root length, the grafting root is put into, note keeping the grafting mouth more than substrate plane, then righting grafting and compacting jack.
10. the short fringe root of a kind of camellia azalea according to claim 1 connects quick-breeding method, and it is characterized in that: described insecticide, bactericide are 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid of 72% tpn wetting powder.
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Application publication date: 20130313 Assignee: Guangxi Zhiyao Technology Service Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION FORESTRY Research Institute Contract record no.: X2022450000460 Denomination of invention: Rapid propagation of Rhododendron Camellia by short spike root grafting Granted publication date: 20150415 License type: Common License Record date: 20221228 |