CN103733846A - Breeding method of precious tree species - Google Patents
Breeding method of precious tree species Download PDFInfo
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- CN103733846A CN103733846A CN201310734736.7A CN201310734736A CN103733846A CN 103733846 A CN103733846 A CN 103733846A CN 201310734736 A CN201310734736 A CN 201310734736A CN 103733846 A CN103733846 A CN 103733846A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of precious tree species. The breeding is finished by seven steps including seed collecting (1), seed storage (2), soil preparation (3), seeding (4), culture of seeding (5), transplanting (6) and field planting (7). When the method is operated, the invested cost is low, the economical value is large, and large batch breeding can be carried out, so that the resources of seeds of trees can be reasonably developed and utilized, and the protection of species genes can be beneficially realized; and the resources of the precious tree species are a part of wild plant resources, and have very high economic value and utilization prospects.
Description
technical field:
The present invention relates to the breeding field of introducing a fine variety of rare tree species, be specifically related to rare tree species from seed collection, processing, storage, a series of technology and method of cultivation of sowing, grow seedlings.
background technology:
Wild plant is the important component part of natural ecosystems; most valuable natural resources and strategic resource; there is very high ecology, economy, culture and social value, in protection bio-diversity, maintaining ecological balance, development biological industry, meet the aspects such as mankind's material and cultural needs and play an important role.
Due to rapid growth and the rapid development of economy of China's population in recent decades, demand to wild plant resource constantly expands, to the destruction in wild plant habitat, develop and the reason such as environmental pollution unreasonably, make the existence of many wild plants face serious threat.At present the compromised wild plant of China is estimated to surpass 4000 kinds, and wherein more than 1000 kind in Critical Condition, and compromised kind accounts for the 15-20% of all categories, the world average level higher than 10%.
Plant expert think, each species has unique separately status in the ecosystem, is to maintain the stable Fundamentals of the ecosystem.The research of biocoenosis aspect shows, 1 Plants and 10-30 kind other biological coexist, and 1 Plants extinction can cause the disappearance of 10-30 kind other biological.And the forfeiture of any one species population all will destroy the structure of natural ecosystems, have influence on the performance of other ecological functions.Particularly many wildlifes are key specieses of natural ecosystems, in continuing natural ecosystems process, play an important role, once wither away, will likely cause chain reaction, even break the stability of natural ecosystems, cause devastating impact.
Rare tree species resource is the part in wild plant resource, and all has very high economic worth and utilize prospect.For some rare tree species resources can reasonably be developed, Hunan Province's Nanyue Tree-Garden through the collection of more than 30 years, introduce a fine variety, tame, grasp a series of method and technology of some rare tree species from collecting seed growing nursery and culture, for what be engaged in rare tree species, introduced a fine variety and moved child care aspect, ground with reference to application.
summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide some rare tree species from seed collection, processing, storage, sow, grow seedlings cultivation a series of technology and method.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize its goal of the invention: a kind of mating system of rare tree species, it by collecting seed 1, storage kinds 2, whole ground 3, sowing 4, grow seedlings 5, transplant 6,7 seven steps of field planting complete it and breed.
Step 1: collect seed
When seed (fruit) is ripe, can gather, after Fruit returns, should be according to fruit dissimilar, adopt respectively " tedding threshing " and " threshing of drying in the shade " these two kinds of methods to process.
Step 2: storage kind
The storage of seed adopts " the dry Tibetan of ventilating ", three kinds of methods of " low temperature storage " and " storage of profit sand " conventionally.
Step 3: whole ground
Should build to garden all fertile fields easily of traffic and irrigation and drainage in, before sowing, must use sufficient in the fields base manure, also tackle disinfecting soil, whole good seedbed.
Step 4: sowing
During sowing, should adopt respectively different seeding methods according to the difference of the germination duration of seed (one or for many years germinate), storage type (dry hide or profit sand is hidden).
Step 5: grow seedlings
After broadcasting, want the germination of running check seed, in time anti-ly cure the disease, insect pest; Some seeds also must be taken and put shady, awning before seed sprouting, are beneficial to the healthy growth of seedling.
Step 6: transplant
The seeds faster that grow, can be then or transplant seedlings spring in next year and plant; The slower seeds that grow, need cultivate after 2 years in garden, just can carry out transplanting and management.
Step 7: field planting
When height of seedling reaches 1m, just can go out garden band and make woods with local methods; For improving forest land condition, improve standing forest economic benefit, can Mixed Forests during afforestation; Planting density should be at 2000 strains/hm
2left and right, the afforestation initial stage should be strengthened the tending management of nursery stock; Make greening big seedling cultivation, during transplanting, must be with native ball, suitably prune.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme the present invention to realize preferably its goal of the invention, rare tree species resource is the part in wild plant resource, and all has very high economic worth and utilize prospect.For some rare tree species resources can reasonably be developed, Hunan Province's Nanyue Tree-Garden through the collection of more than 30 years, introduce a fine variety, tame, grasp a series of method and technology of some rare tree species from collecting seed growing nursery and culture, for what be engaged in rare tree species, introduced a fine variety and moved child care aspect, ground with reference to application.
accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is mating system flow chart of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals is shown in specification last page form.
embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, summary of the invention is described further:
embodiment 1:
From summary of the invention: a kind of mating system of rare tree species, it by collecting seed 1, storage kinds 2, whole ground 3, sowing 4, grow seedlings 5, transplant 6,7 seven steps of field planting complete it and breed.
Select growth potential prosperously, tree-like to rectify, without the fine individual plant of damage by disease and insect, be seed collecting elite stand.General seed maturity needs only pericarp variable color and can pluck, as the too early seed of gathering is without germinating capacity, crosses slow seed and can drop or by wild beast birds, be eaten up in the tree.After Fruit returns, adopt respectively " tedding threshing " and " threshing of drying in the shade " method to process: 1. ted threshing method.The fruit of adopting is back spread out under the sun and tans by the sun seed, in this way pine, cypress class cone, should be first with the lime water cone of splashing, after stack retting 5-7 days, be spread out in again under the sun and tan by the sun seed, the kind subclass that is suitable for this method is part cone class, part capsule class, part collective fruits class, part nut fruits, part pod class etc., according to type as Guangdong pine, water chestnut lotus, gill fungus tree, Carpinus putoensis, Ormosia hosiei etc.; 2. the threshing method of drying in the shade.By the fruit stand of adopting back in the cool, treat that fruit splits, take out seed stack retting a couple of days, after pericarp is softening, pericarp is removed in stranding, and the washing powder water that rinses rear use 0.5% with sieve cleans up, and dries moisture sand and hides, the kind subclass that is suitable for this method is part flesh fruit class, as the seed of the types such as Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Cornaceae.
The storage of seed adopts following three methods: 1. dry Tibetan of ventilating.Be suitable for the seed of this type, be mainly the seed of pine, China fir, Cupressaceae in Naked plant.2. low temperature storage.What be suitable for this type is some particle seeds, as the seed of azalea, should adopt sealing low temperature storage (freezer or refrigerator).3. profit sand storage.Most seeds all can adopt this method storage, sand first will sift out fine sand with sieve before hiding, and by concentration, is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 1 ﹪ carries out sterilizing to fine sand, and it is 3-5 ﹪ that the humidity of sand should be controlled at water content, to often check sand, kind situation, remain the wettability of sand, kind.
Should build to garden all fertile fields easily of traffic and irrigation and drainage in, broadcast front first quarter moon, must use sufficient in the fields livestock and poultry muck or the cake-shaped rape seed dregs cake fertilizer of ripe corruption, also apply 150-225kg/hm
2ferrous sulfate, Folithion 25-30 kg/hm
2or use 1875-2250 kg/hm
2quicklime to disinfecting soil, and during medicament and fertilizer are ploughed deeply and buried, whole riffling is broadcast, the wide 1-1.2 rice in seedbed, the about 20cm of the height of bed, the wide about 40cm of pavement.
For 1 year seed with interior germination, can carry out drilling in the 2-3 month in next year, sowing line-spacing is 25cm, ditch depth 8-10cm, first applies livestock and poultry muck or the cake-shaped rape seed dregs cake fertilizer of abundant ripe corruption at bottom of trench, then on fertilizer, covers the loess in small, broken bits that one deck 5cm is thick, then evenly sowing, broadcasts rear earthing and covers careless moisturizing.For the dry seed of hiding, before broadcasting, need carry out vernalization processing to seed, seed is entered to a basket lid straw with behind emerge in worm water 15-24 hour of 50 ℃ of left and right, every 6 hours are with 30 ℃ of-35 ℃ of Warm Wash once, when after 3-7 days, 40% seed breaks chest, sow; For particle seed, should adopt and disseminate, first on seed bed, spill the superfine little loess of one deck, after raking, disseminate seeds, spill the superfine little loess of one deck or sand after broadcasting, bonnet grass watering moisturizing, in case soil compaction.For 1 year above seed germinateing, needing sand to hide after 15 months could sow, and the 2-3 month of the 3rd year, sows.
Broadcast the rear two weeks of crossing, want the germination of running check seed, when finding that there is the seed sprouting of 30 ﹪, go out when ground, will throw off in time lid grass, after coming up, the easy damping off that obtains, available 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate sprays 2-3 time and with 0.5% copperas solution, sprays 1-2 time (after sprinkling, with clear water, washing seedling).For the seeds of some more resistance to shades or particle seed, before coming up, need take and put cool canopy and awning, it is the sunshade net of 75 ﹪ that cool canopy material should be selected light transmittance, awning can hide rain with scaffoldings such as plastic sheeting for farm uses.After nursery stock all sprouts, need suitably thinning, thinning is selected in the cloudy day, and ill, the unsound seedling that grows are pulled out, and compared with the seedling of Mi Chu, wants thinning, makes the seedling staying have each other certain space.In one month after coming up, every 7-10 days uses the aqueous solution of urea 1 time of 0.1 ﹪ concentration, and after one month, every urea, phosphorus, potash fertilizer aqueous solution of using 0.3 ﹪ concentration for 10 days 1 time, did not refertilize after mid-September.
The seeds that some growths are slower, its seedling need be cultivated after 2 years in garden, could transplant; Some seeds faster that grow, when its seedling is above up to 30cm then, can be in October then or the field planting of transplanting seedlings in 3-4 month in next year, the seeding row spacing of field planting is 30cm.When height of seedling reaches 1m, can be with when above soil to go out garden afforestation or make greening seedlings and cultivate.
Planting site should be selected in that the gradient is mild, the deep fertile place of soil layer, wants comprehensive whole ground before afforestation, and planting density should be at 2000 strains/hm
2left and right (seeding row spacing 2.0m * 2.5m), plant pit specification is 30cm * 30cm, livestock and poultry muck or the cake-shaped rape seed dregs cake fertilizer 2kg of ripe corruption need be discharged in every cave.Afforestation initial stage seedling growth is slower, should strengthen tending management, within 3 years, should foster every year 2 times, carries out timely and appropriately single-dose application while fostering, and fertilizing amount is according to land occupation condition and the age of stand and determine.
Do the nursery stock of greening big seedling cultivation, it transplants seeding row spacing is 60cm * 60cm, generally cultivate after 3-4, and transplantation of seedlings in the ranks again, seeding row spacing is 120cm * 120cm.Thinning transplanting time can be selected in and carry out the 3-4 month in October or next year, and the nursery stock of transplanting must be with native ball, and does suitable pruning, just can be with conventional nursery stock management after planting.
| Reference numerals | Mark title | Reference numerals | Mark title |
| 1 | Collect seed 1 | 5 | Grow seedlings 5 |
| 2 | Storage plants 2 | 6 | Transplant 6 |
| 3 | Whole ground 3 | 7 | Field planting 7 |
| 4 | Sowing 4 | ? | ? |
Claims (1)
1. a mating system for rare tree species, is characterized in that it is completed it and bred by collect seed (1), storage kind of (2), whole ground (3), sowing (4), grow seedlings (5), transplanting (6), (7) seven steps of field planting;
Collect seed (1): when seed (fruit) is ripe, can gather, after Fruit returns, should be according to fruit dissimilar, adopt respectively " tedding threshing " and " threshing of drying in the shade " these two kinds of methods to process;
Storage kind of (2): the storage of seed adopts " the dry Tibetan of ventilating ", three kinds of methods of " low temperature storage " and " storage of profit sand " conventionally;
Whole ground (3): should build to garden all fertile fields easily of traffic and irrigation and drainage in, before sowing, must use sufficient in the fields base manure, also tackle disinfecting soil, whole good seedbed;
Sowing (4): should adopt respectively different seeding methods according to the difference of the germination duration of seed (one or for many years germinate), storage type (dry hide or profit sand is hidden) during sowing;
Grow seedlings (5): after broadcasting, want the germination of running check seed, in time anti-ly cure the disease, insect pest; Some seeds also must be taken and put shady, awning before seed sprouting, are beneficial to the healthy growth of seedling;
Transplant (6): the seeds faster that grow, can be then or transplant seedlings spring in next year and plant; The slower seeds that grow, need cultivate after 2 years in garden, just can carry out transplanting and management;
Field planting (7): when height of seedling reaches 1m, just can go out garden band and make woods with local methods; For improving forest land condition, improve standing forest economic benefit, can Mixed Forests during afforestation; Planting density should be at 2000 strains/hm
2left and right, the afforestation initial stage should be strengthened the tending management of nursery stock; Make greening big seedling cultivation, during transplanting, must be with native ball, suitably prune.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310734736.7A CN103733846A (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Breeding method of precious tree species |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310734736.7A CN103733846A (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Breeding method of precious tree species |
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| CN103733846A true CN103733846A (en) | 2014-04-23 |
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| CN201310734736.7A Pending CN103733846A (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Breeding method of precious tree species |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103960106A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-08-06 | 黄振忠 | Supertree planting method |
| CN104012382A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-03 | 赵冰 | Large-scale seedling culturing technology for rhododendron calophytum Franch |
| CN104956976A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-10-07 | 台州学院 | Artificial multiplication method for carpinus tientaiensis |
| CN106069519A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 河南龙源花木有限责任公司 | A kind of Fructus Cercidiphylli Sinensis seeding and seedling raising technology |
| CN106718522A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 嵩县金佛坪农业科技有限公司 | A kind of quickly breeding method of university degree tasselled |
| CN109122260A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-04 | 舒城县中兴园艺场 | A kind of method of the western cuckoo cultivation breeding in Anhui |
| CN111602551A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-09-01 | 四川康佰思科技有限公司 | Ecological cultivation technology for dogwood |
-
2013
- 2013-12-27 CN CN201310734736.7A patent/CN103733846A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103960106A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-08-06 | 黄振忠 | Supertree planting method |
| CN104012382A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-03 | 赵冰 | Large-scale seedling culturing technology for rhododendron calophytum Franch |
| CN104956976A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-10-07 | 台州学院 | Artificial multiplication method for carpinus tientaiensis |
| CN106069519A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 河南龙源花木有限责任公司 | A kind of Fructus Cercidiphylli Sinensis seeding and seedling raising technology |
| CN106718522A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 嵩县金佛坪农业科技有限公司 | A kind of quickly breeding method of university degree tasselled |
| CN109122260A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-04 | 舒城县中兴园艺场 | A kind of method of the western cuckoo cultivation breeding in Anhui |
| CN111602551A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-09-01 | 四川康佰思科技有限公司 | Ecological cultivation technology for dogwood |
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Application publication date: 20140423 |
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