CN105075644A - Seed multiplication method of spring cauliflowers, summer lettuces and autumn zimnia elegans - Google Patents
Seed multiplication method of spring cauliflowers, summer lettuces and autumn zimnia elegans Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed multiplication method of spring cauliflowers, summer lettuces and autumn zimnia elegans, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. Sowing and seedling raising of the spring cauliflowers are performed in mid-January; after harvesting of the spring cauliflowers is finished, hole direct sowing of the summer lettuces is performed in mid-May by accelerating germination; sowing and seedling raising of the autumn zimnia elegans are performed in late June, after harvesting of the summer lettuces is finished, planting of the autumn zimnia elegans is performed in mid-July, and harvesting of seeds begins in mid-October. The spring cauliflowers can effectively fill up the spring blank, and the summer lettuces can effectively fill up the hot season blank; the yield of the cultivation mode with three crops a year is increased by more than 40% compared with the cultivation mode with two crops a year, and therefore remarkable economical benefits are achieved; the usage amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced or no chemical fertilizer is used, disease-resistant varieties are selected, almost no pesticide is used in the whole growth period, biodiversity is improved, and pest damage is greatly reduced; straw of the zimnia elegans is smashed and returned to be field for maintaining the soil moisture content, soil physical and chemical properties can be effectively improved, soil fertility can be improved for production of the next crop of cabbage vegetables, and therefore ecological benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of crops, particularly relate to a kind of spring flower cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age breeding method, belong to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, cauliflower or cauliflower, is a kind of brassicaceous vegetable, is the mutation of wild cabbage.Preserved egg cauliflower is compact with its plant type, vegetative period is short, and bouquet is loose, scape is long, the bud tender with fertilizer and scape edible, bud and the emerald green U.S. of scape, meat is tender and crisp, and local flavor is fragrant and sweet, nutritious, be rich in vitamin A, B, C, E, protein, anthocyan, the multiple nutrients compositions such as mineral matter, have that stomach invigorating is aid digestion, cancer-resisting substance is high, are a kind of delicious food and the high-quality of health care perfect adaptation, high-grade functional form green vegetables.Naked oats Lepidium composite family, Lactuca plant.Another name naked oats dish, to grieve again dish, romaine lettuce, it is the sharp blade profile Leaf lettuce that is product with the tender tip, tender leaf, blade is long lanceolar, and color and luster pale green, quality are tender and crisp, and mouthfeel is very fresh and tender, delicate fragrance, have peculiar flavour, containing a large amount of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and a large amount of calcium, iron, etc. nutrient component, high temperature resistant, wet resistance is strong, and yielding ability is good, is top grade in salad vegetable.Youth-and-old-age, annual herb is famous ornamental plants, youth-and-old-age large flower and brilliant color, drought of blooming, and the florescence is long, has the garden-variety of single-lobe, polyphyll, leaf roll, wrinkle leaf and various different colours.Cultivate all over China very wide, can be used for flower bed, flower border, lace.Youth-and-old-age strong adaptability, easily cultivates, and cost is low, and produce effects fast, environmental benefit is good, in the utilization of flowers view, has very important status, stronger warm tolerance.In recent years, youth-and-old-age has become the main landscape plant in China city autumn.Both at home and abroad the demand of youth-and-old-age seed is also presented and significantly increase trend year by year.Above three Plants generally adopt separately plantation, and land use rate is low, ecological and low in economic efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solved: the defect existed for prior art, the invention provides a kind of spring flower cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age breeding method, improve land use rate, increase ecological and economic benefit.
Technical scheme: a kind of spring flower cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age breeding method, comprise the following steps:
Step one, mid-January spring flower cabbage seeding and seedling raising, mid-February transplant planting, at the beginning of 5 months gather in the crops;
Step 2, after spring flower cabbage harvest home, summer mid-May Lettuce is attacked a vital point live through vernalization, gathers in the crops at the beginning of 7 months;
Step 3, after summer Lettuce harvest home, field planting mid-July of autumn youth-and-old-age, mid-October starts seed of gathering, and first frost gathers in the crops temporarily.
Described cauliflower selects that precocity, plant type are compact, preserved egg, scape are long, tender and crisp, can high, the disease-resistant kind celebrating agriculture green grass or young crops stalk 50 of appropriate dense planting, output; The kind Thailand that described Lettuce selects strong stress resistance, yielding ability good is fragrant; Described youth-and-old-age selects the bright red MB-01 of kind early blossoming that growing way is prosperous, warm tolerance is strong, the florescence is long.
During described cauliflower cultivation, adopt 72 hole dish+Nutrition Soil nursery, cave dish is put and is selected dry, smooth, the good physical features of draining, builds simple plastic greenhouse, and overlay film is incubated; Wholely, decomposed dung 3000kg/667m is executed
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 75kg/667m
2, boron fertilizer 0.5kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil; North-south, row spacing 70cm, ridge height 15-20cm, furrow width 25cm, furrow ditch depth 10-15cm; At the distance each cultivation 1 in 20cm place, furrow limit row cauliflower, spacing in the rows 35cm, every ridge plants 2 row cauliflowers altogether, takes Small plastic shed, cover film; When temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, impose urea 5kg/667m
21 time, water execute with water, intertillage is in time loosened the soil, and keeps soil moisture, promotes that cauliflower normal growth is grown; Rosette stage, heading stage each heavy dressing 1 fertilizer, every 667m
2impose urea 20-25kg+ Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 15kg; Every 667m
2if 1 black light lamp, trapping nocturnal moth class insect; First spray extends, and when bouquet is loose, can gather, bag listing; Remove field cauliflower plant and residual blade, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up.
During described Lettuce cultivation, before whole ground, execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 100kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil, for plant growth creates good conditions; Vernalization, first soaks 4-6h by seed clear water, and then pick up and drain, loading binds up with gauze, and puts into the refrigerator of 15-20 DEG C, rinses 1 time every day, and through 2-4 days, about 80-85% sprouts; Bunch planting, the dark 1-2cm in cave, cave is apart from 20-25cm, and 2, every cave, covers thick 1cm matrix, every 667m
210000-14000 cave, broadcasting rear 3-4 days can emerge; Thinning during 2 leaf, 1, every cave; Punching of watering during 5-6 leaf is executed and is carried the every 667m of seed manure
2urea 15kg, a heavy dressing short fertilizer every 667m during 10 leaf
2urea 30kg, strengthens rich water quality management, gives adequate water, promotes that plant grows fast, improves the quality of blade; Vegetable plot surrounding hangs up yellow plate, trapping aphid, every 20-30m
2place 1 piece; Can start to gather during about 15 leaves, usually carry out in the morning, by fully growing up, abundant and tender and crisp green blade with lancinating down, 3-4 is bundled into a branch of, and bag goes on the market.
During described youth-and-old-age cultivation, every 667m
2land for growing field crops needs seedbed 20m
2, water permeable after the leveling of seedbed, then seed be sprinkling upon on seedbed uniformly and cover the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm again, after planting keep ground moistening, sunshade net is added a cover in seedbed, be conducive to moisturizing, throw off sunshade net after emerging, water according to seedbed soil moisture content in good time, thinning when seedling grows 3 true leaves; Remove in time Lettuce plant and residual blade after having gathered in the crops Lettuce and plough deeply and shine ground, every 667m before whole ground
2execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, the furrow ridge of the company of making furrow width 1.5m is in order to field planting; Leaf age tool 5-6 leaf transplant planting, every ridge plants 3 row, line-spacing 0.4m, spacing in the rows 0.35m, transplants 4000 strains/667m
2, during transplanting, root band soil, waters permeable after cultivation, imposes 1 loose stool water, during tool 7-8 leaf, major branch top is played pinching to promote the generation of branch after alive of plant; About 32 days bouquets of blooming are brown, and seed is also also slightly exposed in brown can be plucked, and gathered 1 time every 3-4 days later, adopt 5-6 time continuously, during lower first frost, gather in simultaneously together with bouquet, after-ripening deviates from seed after drying, air-dry selected storage.
Beneficial effect: the present invention one piece of farmland three batches of breeding spring flower cabbage upper one year, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age, and crops for rotation are connected relatively reasonable in arrangement, spring flower cabbage went on the market at the beginning of 5 months, vegetables dull season just, effectively can fill up the spring scarce, summer Lettuce is heat-resisting, moisture-proof, damage by disease and insect are few, and growth fast, effectively can fill up volt to lack, enrich civic vegetables-basket; 1 year three batches of every 667m
2the output value reaches more than 14000 yuan, and comparatively Two crops a year cultivation increases income more than 40%, remarkable in economical benefits; Reduce fertilizer application amount or without chemical fertilizer, select disease-resistant variety, the time of infertility uses agricultural chemicals hardly, strengthen to some extent bio-diversity, insect pest reduces greatly, youth-and-old-age stalk crushing and returning, cultivate soil moisture content, effectively can improve soil physical and chemical property, for culture fertility produced by the cole vegetables in next season, ecological benefits are remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The cultivation of open country spring flower cabbage-Xia Lettuce-Qiu youth-and-old-age breeding is carried out year December in January, 2014 to 2014, area 70 mu in Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu white rabbit base.Cauliflower selects the kind celebrating agriculture green grass or young crops stalk 50(market that precocity, plant type are compact, disease-resistant, scape is long, loose, tender and crisp, output is high to buy), Lettuce kind Thailand perfume (or spice) (market purchase), the bright red MB-01(Japan of youth-and-old-age kind early blossoming introduces).
One, cauliflower cultivation
(1) point disk seedling growing: cauliflower adopted 72 hole dishes January 15, Nutrition Soil nursery (Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soil, market is bought), selection physical features is dry, smooth, draining good, build simple plastic greenhouse, and overlay film is incubated, then puts cave dish.
(2) site preparation and fertilization: November 10 wholely, executed decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) and 75kg/667m
2, boron fertilizer 0.5kg/667m
2trace element fertilizer, ploughs in conjunction with rake and executes down, mix with soil.
(3) paddle culture: January 25 made north-south, row spacing 70cm, ridge height 15-20cm, furrow width 25cm, furrow ditch depth 10-15cm.
(4) field planting: February 18, spacing in the rows 35cm, every ridge planted 2 row cauliflowers altogether, takes Small plastic shed, cover film at the distance each cultivation 1 in 20cm place, furrow limit row cauliflower.
(5) field management: when March 5, daily temperature got warm again after a cold spell, impose urea 5kg/667m
21 time, water execute with water, intertillage is in time loosened the soil, and keeps soil moisture, promotes that cauliflower normal growth is grown; March 25 executed urea 20kg+ Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 15kg1 time; April 10 executed urea 20kg+ Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 15kg1 time, every 667m
2if 1 black light lamp, trapping nocturnal moth class insect.
(6) temperature treatment: overlay film: Small plastic shed film, when weather forecast temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, daytime, two ventilated, and night covers film; Half overlay film: weather forecast temperature 15-20 DEG C, daytime takes off film, and night covers film; Not overlay film: weather forecast temperature more than 20 DEG C, takes off film, self-sow.
(7) gather in the crops: spray at the beginning of May 4 extends, when bouquet is loose, start to gather, bag listing, gather cauliflower 4000kg, and wholesale market price 1.5 yuan/kg, economic benefit reaches 6000 yuan/667m
2, May 10 removed field cauliflower plant and residual blade, and deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up.
Two, Lettuce cultivation
(1) site preparation and fertilization: May 10 removed field cauliflower plant and residual blade, and deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, and executes decomposed dung 3000kg/667m before whole ground
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 100kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil, for plant growth creates good conditions.
(2) vernalization: seed clear water is first soaked 4-6h by May 13, and then pick up and drain, loading binds up with gauze, put into the refrigerator of 15-20 DEG C, rinse 1 time every day, 4 days, about 80-85% sprouted.
(3) sow: bunch planting on May 17, the dark 1-2cm in cave, cave is apart from about 20cm, and 2, every cave, covers thick 1cm matrix, every 667m
214000 caves, broadcast latter 3 days and emerge.
(4) field management: seedling during May 28 2 leaves, 1, every cave; The punching of watering of 6 leaf phases of June 12 is executed and is carried the every 667m of seed manure
2urea 15kg, the every 667m of a fertilizer is urged in 10 leaf phase heavy dressing on June 25
2urea 30kg, strengthens rich water quality management, gives adequate water, promotes that plant grows fast, improves the quality of blade.
(5) pest control: Lettuce insect pest mainly aphid, hangs up yellow plate near vegetable plot surrounding, trapping aphid, every 20-30m
2place 1 piece.
(6) gather: can start to gather during summer Lettuce about 15 leaves, usually carry out in the morning, by fully growing up, abundant and tender and crisp green blade is with lancinating down, 3-4 is bundled into a branch of, bag goes on the market, gather Lettuce 1500kg, and the 2.2 yuan/kg in market price, economic benefit reaches 3300 yuan/667m
2.
Three, youth-and-old-age cultivation
(1) nursery: youth-and-old-age nursery in June 20, every 667m
2land for growing field crops needs seedbed 20m
2water permeable after the leveling of seedbed, then seed is sprinkling upon on seedbed uniformly and covers the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm again, after planting keep ground moistening, sunshade net is added a cover in seedbed, is conducive to moisturizing, after emerging, throw off sunshade net, water according to seedbed soil moisture content in good time, thinning 1 time when July 10, seedling grew 3 true leaves.
(2) whole ground and fertilising: remove in time Lettuce plant and residual blade after having gathered in the crops Lettuce July 15 and plough deeply and shine ground, every 667m before whole ground
2execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, the furrow ridge of the company of making furrow width 1.5m is in order to field planting.
(3) field planting and field management: July 20 leaf age tool 5-6 leaf transplant planting, every ridge plants 3 row, line-spacing 0.4m, spacing in the rows 0.35m, transplants 4000 strains/667m
2, during transplanting root band soil, water permeable after cultivation, July 28 plant live after impose 1 loose stool water, during youth-and-old-age tool 8 leaf on August 12, major branch top is played pinching to promote the generation of branch.
(4) collect seed: youth-and-old-age is spent at the beginning of September 18, and October 24, the most precocious bouquet was brown, seed is also also slightly exposed in brown, band 5-6cm scape manually pluck by first time, gathered 1 time every 3-4 days later, adopt 5-6 time continuously, on November 18 lower first frost, gather in simultaneously together with bouquet, after-ripening 3 days, deviates from seed after drying, air-dry selected, load in bag and preserve, gather seed 90kg/667m
2, procurement price 55 yuan/kg, economic benefit 5000 yuan/667m
2.
1 year three batches of every 667m
2the output value reaches more than 14000 yuan, and comparatively Two crops a year cultivation increases income more than 40%, remarkable in economical benefits.Spring flower cabbage-Xia Lettuce-Qiu youth-and-old-age breeding 1 year three batches, reduce fertilizer application amount or without chemical fertilizer, select disease-resistant variety, the time of infertility uses agricultural chemicals hardly, strengthens to some extent bio-diversity, insect pest reduces greatly, youth-and-old-age stalk crushing and returning, cultivates soil moisture content, effectively can improve soil physical and chemical property, for culture fertility produced by the cole vegetables in next season, ecological benefits are remarkable.Spring flower cabbage went on the market at the beginning of 5 months, just vegetables dull seasons, effectively can fill up the spring to lack, and summer Lettuce is heat-resisting, moisture-proof, damage by disease and insect are few, and growth fast, effectively can be filled up volt and lack, enrich civic vegetables-basket.
Claims (5)
1. spring flower cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age a breeding method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one, mid-January spring flower cabbage seeding and seedling raising, mid-February transplant planting, at the beginning of 5 months gather in the crops;
Step 2, after spring flower cabbage harvest home, summer mid-May Lettuce is attacked a vital point live through vernalization, gathers in the crops at the beginning of 7 months;
Step 3, youth-and-old-age autumn, seeding and seedling raising late June, after summer Lettuce harvest home, field planting mid-July of autumn youth-and-old-age, mid-October starts seed of gathering, and first frost gathers in the crops temporarily.
2. a kind of spring flower cabbage according to claim 1, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age breeding method, it is characterized in that described spring flower broccoli variety for celebrating agriculture green grass or young crops stalk 50; Described summer Lettuce kind is that Thailand is fragrant; Described autumn youth-and-old-age kind is the bright red MB-01 of early blossoming.
3. a kind of spring flower cabbage according to claim 1, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age breeding method, when it is characterized in that described spring flower cabbage is cultivated, adopt 72 hole dish+Nutrition Soil nursery, cave dish is put and is selected dry, smooth, the good physical features of draining, build simple plastic greenhouse, overlay film is incubated; Execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m wholely
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 75kg/667m
2, boron fertilizer 0.5kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil; North-south, row spacing 70cm, ridge height 15-20cm, furrow width 25cm, furrow ditch depth 10-15cm; At the distance each cultivation 1 in 20cm place, furrow limit row cauliflower, spacing in the rows 35cm, every ridge plants 2 row cauliflowers altogether, takes Small plastic shed, cover film; When temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, impose urea 5kg/667m
21 time, water execute with water, intertillage is in time loosened the soil; Rosette stage, heading stage each heavy dressing 1 fertilizer, every 667m
2impose urea 20-25kg+ Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg; Every 667m
2if 1 black light lamp, trapping nocturnal moth class insect; First spray extends, and when bouquet is loose, can gather, bag listing; Remove field cauliflower plant and residual blade, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up.
4. a kind of spring flower cabbage according to claim 1, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age breeding method, when it is characterized in that the Lettuce cultivation of described summer, before whole ground, execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil; Vernalization, first soaks 4-6h by seed clear water, and then pick up and drain, loading binds up with gauze, and puts into the refrigerator of 15-20 DEG C, rinses 1 time every day, and through 2-4 days, about 80-85% sprouts; Bunch planting, the dark 1-2cm in cave, cave is apart from about 20cm, and 2, every cave, covers thick 1cm matrix, every 667m
210000-14000 cave, broadcasting rear 3-4 days can emerge; Thinning during 2 leaf, 1, every cave; Punching of watering during 5-6 leaf is executed and is carried the every 667m of seed manure
2urea 15kg, a heavy dressing short fertilizer every 667m during 10 leaf
2urea 30kg, strengthens rich water quality management; Vegetable plot surrounding hangs up yellow card's trap aphid, every 20-30m
2place 1 piece; Can start to gather during about 15 leaves, usually carry out in the morning, by fully growing up, abundant and tender and crisp green blade with lancinating down, 3-4 is bundled into a branch of, and bag goes on the market.
5. a kind of spring flower cabbage according to claim 1, summer Lettuce and the autumn youth-and-old-age breeding method, when it is characterized in that described youth-and-old-age is cultivated, every 667m
2land for growing field crops needs seedbed 20m
2, water permeable after the leveling of seedbed, then seed be sprinkling upon on seedbed uniformly and cover the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm again, after planting keep ground moistening, sunshade net is added a cover in seedbed, after emerging, throw off sunshade net, water according to seedbed soil moisture content in good time, thinning when seedling grows 3 true leaves; Remove in time Lettuce plant and residual blade after having gathered in the crops Lettuce and plough deeply and shine ground, every 667m before whole ground
2execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, the furrow ridge of the company of making furrow width 1.5m is in order to field planting; Leaf age tool 5-6 leaf transplant planting, every ridge plants 3 row, line-spacing 0.4m, spacing in the rows 0.35m, transplants 4000 strains/667m
2, during transplanting, root band soil, waters permeable after cultivation, imposes 1 loose stool water, during tool 7-8 leaf, major branch top is played pinching to promote the generation of branch after alive of plant; About 32 days bouquets of blooming are brown, and seed is also also slightly exposed in brown can be plucked, and gathered 1 time every 3-4 days later, adopt 5-6 time continuously, during lower first frost, gather in simultaneously together with bouquet, after-ripening deviates from seed after drying, air-dry selected storage.
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| CN109548575A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 镇江三龙生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Lettuce greenhouse cultivation method |
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