CN107980500A - A kind of cultural method made between corn and capsicum - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method made between corn and capsicum Download PDFInfo
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- CN107980500A CN107980500A CN201711194173.1A CN201711194173A CN107980500A CN 107980500 A CN107980500 A CN 107980500A CN 201711194173 A CN201711194173 A CN 201711194173A CN 107980500 A CN107980500 A CN 107980500A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The cultural method made between a kind of corn and capsicum, is related to a kind of corn and pepper cultivation method.It is to solve existing sole maize colony middle and lower part illumination deficiency, the efficiency of light energy utilization is low, and nonoculture capsicum colony top light is according to too strong, easy the problem of sunscald occurs.Method：First, selection of land and site preparation；2nd, seed selection and processing；3rd, intercropping system；4th, pepper seedling raising and seedling management；5th, begin sowing in good time corn, rational close planting；6th, capsicum is transplanted in due course；7th, apply fertilizers scientifically；8th, precision management；9th, harvest in due course.Maize population middle and lower part of the present invention relative sunshine intensity improves 10.7% 43.1% than sole maize；And the top layer illumination of capsicum colony only has 50% the 60% of Qing Zhong capsicums colony.Fresh yield of hot pepper 5344kg/hm2, corn yield 11642kg/hm2, increase production 11.5% compared with sole maize.The present invention is used for corn and pepper planting field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of corn and pepper cultivation method.
Background technology
Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) Solanaceae, Capsicum, be vegetable variety important in people's daily life it
One, its dry product is also important flavouring and the raw material of industry, and in China, planting area is very extensive, by Nan Zhibei, from the east to the west
There is plantation.The cultural method of capsicum is many at present, and having protecting field according to the growing environment point of capsicum, (heliogreenhouse, plastics are big
Canopy) cultivation, outdoor cropping etc., there are live, culturing and transplanting seedlings etc. by seeding method point, have according to configuration point of the capsicum rice shoot in field
Clear work, intercropping and interplanting etc..Different cultural method capsicum population growth environmental differences are very big, and capsicum happiness is warm, fears cold, avoids height
Temperature, be exposed to the sun, and likes flood moist and afraid of water, more resistance to fertilizer.Therefore the group environment for being adapted to chili growth is created, is to improve yield of hot pepper
One of with the key measure of quality.
Corn (Zea mays L.) grass family Zea, is China's cultivated area, the crop of total output maximum, as
Specular removal C4Plant, its yield potentiality is huge, and has the multiple uses such as edible, feeding, industrial and energy source raw material concurrently, is ensureing state
Family's grain security and improve the people's livelihood etc. plays a significant role.Corn is all distributed in Chinese provinces and cities, wherein northeast
Loose the Liao Dynasty Plain because the specialization of corn planting, scale, compartmentalization and occupy critical role in the grain-production of country.The ground
Area's corn planting more using etc. line-spacing plant pattern clearly, due to maize sown area, to account for dry land ratio big, it is difficult to carry out effective wheel
A series of problems, such as ploughing, and then causing the decline of organic matter in black soil stability, soil to aggravate for bioactivity decline, pest and disease damage.
Under traditional cultivation pattern corn planted clearly using monocrop more, continuous cropping, and the production of fresh capsicum uses single work
Thing plants clearly and easily causes soil nutrient with other vegetable crop crop rotations, long-term continuous cropping and wane, and nutrients ratio is unbalance, soil-borne pathogen
Increase etc..Monocrop is planted clearly at the same time, is mutually shaded between plant in crop groups, light resource utilization is low, influences yield into one
Step improves.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve existing sole maize colony middle and lower part illumination deficiency, the efficiency of light energy utilization is low, and nonoculture capsicum
Colony's top light is according to a kind of too strong, easy the problem of sunscald occurs, there is provided the cultural method made between corn and capsicum.
The cultural method made between corn of the present invention and capsicum, comprises the following steps：
First, selection of land and site preparation：Select that topsoil is deep, fertility is higher, water conservation, fertilizer conservation and excessively drained field.Autumn receives
After obtaining, carry out ploughing site preparation using cultivated, scarification equipment, ploughing depth 20-30cm, breaks plough sole, drags flat rake pressure after turning in time, does
Balk to nothing, Wu Lifa, soil block is loose, in small, broken bits, and state can be sowed by reaching, and winter retains and conserve soil moisture.
2nd, seed selection and processing：According to local ecological condition, high-quality, high yield is selected, safety is ripe, resistance is strong, resistance to
Close corn variety, broadcasts first 15 days, and seed is dried 2~3 days, carries out within 10 days before sowing 1-2 germination test, selection application germination
Corn seed of the rate more than 90%, is coated before sowing with corn seed coating agent, or directly selects capsuled seed, is prevented
Seedling stage subterranean pest-insect, sprout term disease and head smut.Capsicum variety selection plant type is compact, high yield, the product that quality is excellent, disease resistance is strong
Kind, seed is basked seeds 2-3 days under strong sunlight before sowing, lifts germinating energy.
3rd, intercropping system：Corn, pepper planting ridge are 2 meters 1 and plant to for A=north-souths -30 degree of south by west, row spacing
Band, each band of planting are made of for B=1.6 meters and small line-spacing C=0.4 meters wide row space, and 2 rows are sowed on 0.4 meter of small line-spacing
Corn, spacing in the rows 14-16cm；1 row capsicum, spacing in the rows 30cm are transplanted among 1.6 meters of wide row spaces.2 row corns, 1 row capsicum alternating
Plantation, adjacent 2 row capsicum spacing 2.0m.Capsicum and the corn space D=0.8m (as depicted in figs. 1 and 2) closed on.
4th, pepper seedling raising and seedling management：Early spring nursery seedling age is advisable for 60-70 days, spring cultivation generally in mid-March or
Last ten-days period seeding and seedling raising, mid-May or last ten-days period field planting.
Pepper seed after basking seeds is put into 50-55 DEG C of warm water medium temperature to scald 10 minutes, and is stirred continuously seed, in water temperature
When being down to 25-30 DEG C, 8-10h is soaked, vernalization under the conditions of being then placed on 28-30 DEG C, is sowed when having 50% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.At seed
First seedbed is poured water after reason is good, after water penetration, seed is uniformly spilled into seedbed, is covering the fine earth of 1-2cm thickness above, and cover
Lid straw screen or mat is windproof with heat and moisture preserving.Day temperature is set to be kept for 28-30 DEG C before emergence, nocturnal temperature is kept for 18-20 DEG C, capsicum emergence
Throw off straw screen or mat.25-27 DEG C of day temperature is kept after emergence, 15-l8 DEG C of nocturnal temperature, 19~21 DEG C of ground temperature, keeps seedbed soil
Earth moistens.When seedling grows 2 true leaves, transplant seedlings, the sub- seedling on seedbed is moved into nutritive cube, hardening before field planting.
5th, begin sowing in good time corn, rational close planting：When 5cm ground temperature is stablized by 8-10 DEG C below spring earth's surface, carry out beautiful
Rice sowing.The optimal sowing time is generally in 25-May 5 April.For corn plants away from 14-16cm, density is 6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, broadcast
Kind depth 3-4cm, the depth is consistent, after planting suppression in time.
6th, capsicum is transplanted in due course：Mid or late May, daily mean temperature stabilization is at 16~18 DEG C, as capsicum height of seedling 10-
12cm, starts to transplant when reaching 6-7 piece true leaves.Dig pit by spacing in the rows 30cm and the Hot Pepper Seedling with nutrition cup is put into, tamp week
Soil crack is enclosed, and irrigates root water.One plant per hole, planting density are 1.67 ten thousand plants/hm2。
7th, apply fertilizers scientifically：Based on slow release long-acting composite fertilizer, supplemented by urea.
Corn applies N 80kg, P using 2 applications of base manure+fertilizing type, base manure for per hectare2O5120kg and
K2At the same time, base manure bar is imposed on below corn seed in 10-15cm topsoil soils for O120kg, sowing；Chased after before corn jointing
Fertilizer, topdressing amount is per hectare N 120kg, using tractor-drawn fertilizer machinery by side dressing in the outside 8- of maize seedling
10cm, fertilization depth 8-10cm.
Capsicum is beared fruit using base manure, door green pepper, 3 applications of the best fruiting period, and total dose is per hectare N 45kg, P2O530kg and
K240% and whole phosphorus potash fertilizers of O 60kg, N fertilizer are applied as base manure in site preparation, and remaining N fertilizer divides 2 times to be sat in door green pepper respectively
Fruit and the best fruiting period apply with pouring water.
8th, precision management：During corn 3-4 leaves, seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling are removed；After capsicum transplanting, intertillage management and corn
It is synchronous, accomplish cleared weeds, integrated control pest and disease damage.Capsicum will carry out flower thinning, fruit thinning, pinching in seedling stage to every young plant.
9th, harvest in due course：Bracteal leaf of corn turns yellow, and dries up loose, and corn kernel forms black layer and (dials corn kernel from fruit ear
Under, ripe seed base portion forms a black layer) when, it is the most suitable harvest date, generally at the beginning of September is -10 months last, is joined using self-propelled corn
Close harvester harvesting corn.
Capsicum should harvest in batches in time, generally fully be expanded with fruit, and fruit colour is denseer, and pericarp is solid and glossy,
Harvested in time when reaching commodity maturation, earlier fruit harvests ahead of time, ensures the growth of plant normal table.
Further, corn variety described in step 2 is good beautiful 99, favorable to the people 33 etc..Capsicum variety described in step 2 is Ninghua
Long red pepper, Calusena lansium long red pepper or especially big long red pepper.
Further, corn seeding is carried out using Condar 2BMZF-2 no-tillage seeding machines in step 5.
The present invention mainly according to Niche Theory, competition and complementary theory, optimizes existing corn planting pattern,
Using corn light temperature, capsicum shade tolerant physiological property, it is one high and one low collocation plantation, create make full use of the natural resources it is compound
Group structure, plays the complementation between crop, improves the efficiency of light energy utilization and labor productivity.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, natural resource utilizing rate is improved
2 kinds of corn of the present invention, capsicum crop leaf vertical distribution differences are obvious.Maize leaf integrated distribution is in 0.5m-
2.0m, accounts for 83.6%, its spatial distribution and light intercepting and capturing are hardly influenced by capsicum；Pepper Leaves integrated distribution in 0.2m-0.6m,
Account for 84.6%.Corn, Pepper Leaves occupy different spaces, stratification are configured, beneficial to light-use.
2 kinds of maize intercropping of the present invention, capsicum crops, the one high and one low in terms of plant height, corn are in a high position, are formed three-dimensional
The aspect of three-dimensional light, big compared with the two dimensional surface light specific surface area of corn nonoculture, illumination condition is beautifulr than nonoculture in maize population
Rice is obviously improved；Capsicum is in bottom, only two dimensional surface light, while is subject to the shading in high-order plant,
Make capsicum colony intensity of illumination and be less than nonoculture colony.
Maize population middle and lower part of the present invention relative sunshine intensity improves 10.7%-43.1% than sole maize；And capsicum group
Body top layer illumination only has the 50%-60% of Qing Zhong capsicums colony.The light-shading effect of corn in the ranks can effectively suppress caused by high temperature
Capsicum sunscald, virosis generation, while it is equal to make generation to capsicum epidemic disease and corn northern leaf blight and southern leaf blight between corn and capsicum
There is notable control effect.
Evading long-term corn or capsicum continuous cropping as compound population between the present invention causes soil fertility decline and nutrient imbalance, energy
Enough realize that land used is combined with increasing soil fertility, and realizes Sustainable Use of Soil Resources.
2nd, land area of one unit output capacity is improved, adds farmers' income
Corn of the present invention-capsicum intercropping culture method, optimizes compound population structure, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, promotion corn,
Capsicum benign growths, have achieveed the purpose that corn yield increasing, capsicum increase income.The fresh yield of hot pepper 5344kg/hm of the present invention2, deduct life
Production cost capsicum, which has a net increase of, receives 3176 yuan/hm2；Corn yield 11642kg/hm2, increase production 11.5% compared with sole maize, have a net increase of receipts
1920 yuan/hm2.Corn, capsicum, which add up to, increases income 5096 yuan/hm2。
Cultural method of the present invention had not only solved the long-term continuous cropping soil nutrient imbalance of corn, soil microbial activities decline, but also
Solve the problems, such as that sunscald easily occurs for nonoculture capsicum.According to Niche Theory, competition and complementary theory, various crop group is created
The resource efficient ecological agricultural model made between conjunction, multi-level configuration, the corn of complete sets of Techniques and various crop, not only improves and carries
High material, energy utilization efficiency, and can obtain higher economic benefit, increase substantially farmers' income, promote agricultural production to
Higher development, has realistic meaning.
Brief description of the drawings
The cultural method ideograph that Fig. 1 makees between corn of the present invention and capsicum；
Fig. 2 is the configuration schematic diagram that band is planted in the method for the present invention.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to act embodiment set forth below, further includes between each embodiment
Any combination.
Embodiment one：The cultural method made between present embodiment corn and capsicum, comprises the following steps：
First, selection of land and site preparation：After autumn harvest, carry out ploughing site preparation, ploughing depth 20-30cm, breaks plough sole, and winter stores
Water preserves soil moisture；
2nd, seed selection and processing：Select high-quality, high yield, safety is ripe, resistance is strong, resistance to close corn variety, broadcast preceding 15
My god, seed is dried 2~3 days, carries out 1-2 germination test within 10 days before sowing, jade of the germination percentage more than 90% is applied in selection
Rice seed, capsuled seed is coated or directly selects with corn seed coating agent before sowing, capsicum variety select plant type it is compact,
The kind that high yield, quality are excellent, disease resistance is strong, basks seeds pepper seed 2-3 days before sowing in the sun；
3rd, intercropping system：Corn, pepper planting ridge are 2 meters 1 and plant to for A=north-souths -30 degree of south by west, row spacing
Band, each band of planting are made of for B=1.6 meters and small line-spacing C=0.4 meters wide row space, and 2 rows are sowed on 0.4 meter of small line-spacing
Corn, spacing in the rows 14-16cm；1 row capsicum, spacing in the rows 30cm, capsicum and the corn spacing closed on are transplanted among 1.6 meters of wide row spaces
D=0.8m；
4th, pepper seedling raising and seedling management：Spring cultivation is determined in mid-March or last ten-days period seeding and seedling raising, mid-May or the last ten-days period
Plant,
Pepper seed after basking seeds is put into 50-55 DEG C of warm water medium temperature to scald 10 minutes, and is stirred continuously seed, in water temperature
When being down to 25-30 DEG C, 8-10h is soaked, vernalization under the conditions of being then placed on 28-30 DEG C, is sowed when having 50% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally；At seed
First seedbed is poured water after reason is good, after water penetration, seed is uniformly spilled into seedbed, is covering the fine earth of 1-2cm thickness above, and cover
Lid straw screen or mat；Day temperature is set to be maintained at 28-30 DEG C before emergence, nocturnal temperature is maintained at 18-20 DEG C, and capsicum emergence throws off grass
Curtain；25-27 DEG C of day temperature is kept after emergence, 15-l8 DEG C of nocturnal temperature, 19~21 DEG C of ground temperature, keeps nursery soil moistening；Children
When seedling grows 2 true leaves, transplant seedlings, hardening before field planting；
5th, begin sowing in good time corn, rational close planting：When 5cm ground temperature is stablized by 8-10 DEG C below spring earth's surface, carry out beautiful
Rice sowing, for corn plants away from 14-16cm, density is 6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, depth of planting 3-4cm, the depth is consistent, after planting timely town
Pressure；
6th, capsicum is transplanted in due course：Mid or late May, daily mean temperature stabilization is at 16~18 DEG C, as capsicum height of seedling 10-
12cm, starts to transplant when reaching 6-7 piece true leaves, digs pit by spacing in the rows 30cm and the Hot Pepper Seedling with nutritive cube is put into, tamp week
Soil crack is enclosed, and irrigates root water；
7th, apply fertilizers scientifically：
Corn applies N 80kg, P using 2 applications of base manure+fertilizing type, base manure for per hectare2O5120kg and
K2At the same time, base manure bar is imposed on below corn seed in 10-15cm topsoil soils for O120kg, sowing；Chased after before corn jointing
Fertilizer, topdressing amount is per hectare N 120kg, by side dressing in the outside 8-10cm of maize seedling, fertilization depth 8-10cm；
Capsicum is beared fruit using base manure, door green pepper, 3 applications of the best fruiting period, and total dose is per hectare N 45kg, P2O530kg and
K240% and whole phosphorus potash fertilizers of O 60kg, N fertilizer are applied as base manure in site preparation, and remaining N fertilizer divides 2 times to be sat in door green pepper respectively
Fruit and the best fruiting period apply with pouring water；
8th, precision management：During corn 3-4 leaves, sick seedling and weak seedling are removed；After capsicum transplanting, intertillage management is synchronous with corn,
Capsicum will carry out flower thinning, fruit thinning and pinching in seedling stage to every young plant；
9th, harvest in due course：In late September-early October harvesting corn；Harvested in time after capsicum maturation.
Embodiment two：The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that：Step 1 is using cultivated, machine of working soil
Tool carries out ploughing site preparation.It is other identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three：The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that：Corn described in step 2
Kind is good beautiful 99 or favorable to the people 33.It is other the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three：Described in step 2
Capsicum variety is Ninghua long red pepper, Calusena lansium long red pepper or especially big long red pepper.It is other identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to four：It is peppery in step 4
Green pepper nursery seedling age is 60-70 days.It is other identical with one of embodiment one to four.
Embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to five：Described in step 4
Transplant seedlings and move into the sub- seedling on seedbed in nutritive cube.It is other identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment seven：Unlike one of present embodiment and embodiment one to six：It is peppery in step 6
Green pepper one plant per hole, pepper planting density are 1.67 ten thousand plants/hm2.It is other identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Elaborate below to the embodiment of the present invention, following embodiments under premised on technical solution of the present invention into
Row is implemented, and gives detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following realities
Apply example.
Embodiment 1：
The implementation case corn-capsicum intercropping culture method is implemented in 6 society of rice sand town morning twilight village of Dehui City of Jilin Province.
First, selection of land and site preparation：Select that topsoil is deep, fertility is higher, water conservation, fertilizer conservation and excessively drained field.Its topsoil
(0~20cm) basic physicochemical character is organic matter 26.9g/kg, full N 1.2g/kg, full P 1.06g/kg, full K 16.87g/kg,
Available nitrogen 118.8mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 18.0mg/kg, available potassium 111mg/kg, soil weight 1.12g/cm3, pH 6.6.Autumn
After season harvest, carry out ploughing site preparation using scarification equipment, depth of soil preparation 15-20cm, is suppressed after site preparation, shape can be sowed by reaching in time
State, winter retain and conserve soil moisture.
2nd, seed selection and processing：According to local ecological condition, select the high-quality, high yield promoted through authorization, safety into
It is ripe, resistance is strong, resistance to close corn variety good beautiful 99.First 15 days (on April 12 or so) is broadcast, seed is dried 2 days, 10 days before sowing
2 germination tests are carried out, corn seed of the germination percentage more than 90% is applied in selection.Special corn coating agent for seed is used before sowing
It is coated, prevention seedling stage subterranean pest-insect, sprout term disease and head smut.
Capsicum variety selection plant type is compact, high yield, the especially big long red pepper of kind that quality is excellent, disease resistance is strong.Will kind before sowing
Son is basked seeds 3 days under strong sunlight, lifts germinating energy.
3rd, intercropping system：Corn planting ridge is to for 20 degree of south by west, and row spacing is 2 meters of 1 plantation bands, by wide row space 1.6
0.4 meter of composition of rice and small line-spacing.2 row corns, spacing in the rows 14-16cm are sowed on 0.4 meter of small line-spacing；In 1.6 meters of wide row spaces
Between transplant 1 row capsicum, spacing in the rows 30cm.
4th, pepper seedling raising and seedling management：Early spring nursery seedling age is advisable for 60-70 days, March 15 seeding and seedling raising, May 25
Field planting.
Pepper seed after basking seeds is put into 50 DEG C of warm water medium temperature to scald 10 minutes, and is stirred continuously seed, is dropped in water temperature
During to 25 DEG C, 10h is soaked, vernalization under the conditions of being then placed on 28 DEG C, is sowed when having 50% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.First will after seed treatment is good
Seedbed is poured water, and after water penetration, seed is uniformly spilled into seedbed, is covering the fine earth of 1-2cm thickness above, and cover straw screen or mat to protect
Warm moisturizing is windproof.Daytime is kept for 30 DEG C before emergence, and night is kept for 20 DEG C, and capsicum emergence throws off straw screen or mat.25 DEG C of daytime after emergence,
At 15 DEG C of night, 20 DEG C or so of ground temperature, keeps nursery soil moistening.When seedling grows 2 true leaves, transplant seedlings, by seedbed
Sub- seedling is moved into nutritive cube, hardening before field planting.
5th, begin sowing in good time corn, rational close planting：When spring bare area 5cm ground temperature, which is stablized, passes through 10 DEG C, carry out corn and broadcast
Kind.Sowing time is May 2.Corn seeding is carried out using Condar 2BMZF-2 no-tillage seeding machines, corn plants are close away from 14-16cm
Spend for 6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, depth of planting 3-4cm, the depth is consistent, after planting suppression in time.
6th, capsicum is transplanted in due course：May 25, daily mean temperature stabilization is at 17 DEG C or so, as capsicum height of seedling 10-12cm,
Start to transplant when reaching 6-7 piece true leaves.1 row capsicum is transplanted among 1.6 meters of wide row spaces, is digged pit by spacing in the rows 30cm and with battalion
The Hot Pepper Seedling for supporting cup is put into, and tamps surrounding soil gap, and irrigate root water.One plant per hole, 1.67 ten thousand plants/hm2。
7th, apply fertilizers scientifically：Based on slow release long-acting composite fertilizer, supplemented by urea.Corn is applied for 2 times using base manure+fertilizing type
Enter, base manure applies N：P2O5：K2O is 15%：15%：15% special compound fertilizer for corns 800kg/hm2, sow and apply base at the same time
Fertilizer.Top dressing is carried out before corn jointing, topdressing amount is urea 240kg/hm2, using tractor-drawn fertilizer machinery by side dressing
In the exterior measuring 8-10cm of maize seedling, fertilization depth 8-10cm.
Capsicum is beared fruit using base manure, door green pepper, 3 applications of the best fruiting period.N is applied in site preparation：P2O5：K2O is 15%：15%：
15% sulfenyl chili special-purpose fertilizer 180/hm2Make base manure.N is applied when door green pepper bears fruit：P2O5：K2O is 15%：15%：15%
Sulfenyl chili special-purpose fertilizer 90/hm2, when best fruiting period applies N：P2O5：K2O is 15%：15%：15% sulfenyl chili special-purpose fertilizer 90/
hm2。
8th, precision management：During corn 3-4 leaves, seedling, sick seedling and weak seedling are removed；After capsicum transplanting, intertillage management and corn
It is synchronous, accomplish cleared weeds, integrated control pest and disease damage.Capsicum will carry out flower thinning, fruit thinning, pinching in seedling stage to every young plant.
9th, harvest in due course：Bracteal leaf of corn turns yellow, and dries up loose, and corn kernel forms black layer and (dials corn kernel from fruit ear
Under, ripe seed base portion forms a black layer) when, it is suitable collection period, using Self-propelled corn combine harvesting corn.
Capsicum should harvest in batches in time, generally fully be expanded with fruit, and fruit colour is denseer, and pericarp is solid and glossy,
Harvested in time when reaching commodity maturation, earlier fruit harvests ahead of time, ensures the growth of plant normal table.
Implementation result：
2 kinds of the present embodiment corn, capsicum crop leaf vertical distribution differences are obvious.Maize leaf integrated distribution is in 0.5m-
2.0m, accounts for 83.6%, its spatial distribution and light intercepting and capturing are hardly influenced by capsicum；Pepper Leaves integrated distribution in 0.2m-0.6m,
Account for 84.6%.Corn, Pepper Leaves occupy different spaces, stratification are configured, beneficial to light-use.
The present embodiment maize population middle and lower part relative sunshine intensity improves 43.1% than sole maize；And capsicum colony top layer
Illumination only has the 60% of Qing Zhong capsicums colony.The capsicum day that the light-shading effect of corn in the ranks can effectively suppress caused by high temperature is burnt
Disease, the generation of virosis, while the generation made between corn and capsicum to capsicum epidemic disease and corn northern leaf blight and southern leaf blight has notable control
Effect.
The present embodiment corn-capsicum intercropping culture method, optimizes compound population structure, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, promotes beautiful
Rice, capsicum benign growths, have achieveed the purpose that corn yield increasing, capsicum increase income.Yield of hot pepper 5344kg/hm2, deduct production cost
Capsicum, which has a net increase of, receives 3176 yuan/hm2；Corn yield 11642kg/hm2, increase production 11.5% compared with sole maize, have a net increase of receipts 1920
Member/hm2.Corn, capsicum, which add up to, increases income 5096 yuan/hm2。
Claims (7)
1. the cultural method made between a kind of corn and capsicum, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
First, selection of land and site preparation：After autumn harvest, carry out ploughing site preparation, ploughing depth 20-30cm breaks plough sole, and winter water storage is protected
Moisture in the soil；
2nd, seed selection and processing：Select high-quality, high yield, safety is ripe, resistance is strong, resistance to close corn variety, broadcast first 15 days,
Seed is dried 2~3 days, carries out 1-2 germination test within 10 days before sowing, maize seed of the germination percentage more than 90% is applied in selection
Son, is coated or directly selects capsuled seed with corn seed coating agent before sowing, capsicum variety selection plant type is compact, high
Production, the kind that quality is excellent, disease resistance is strong, bask seeds pepper seed 2-3 days before sowing in the sun；
3rd, intercropping system：To for A=north-souths -30 degree of south by west, row spacing is 2 meters of 1 plantation bands for corn, pepper planting ridge,
Each plantation band is made of for B=1.6 meters and small line-spacing C=0.4 meters wide row space, and 2 row corns are sowed on 0.4 meter of small line-spacing,
Spacing in the rows is 14-16cm；Transplant 1 row capsicum among 1.6 meters of wide row spaces, spacing in the rows 30cm, capsicum and close on corn space D=
0.8m；
4th, pepper seedling raising and seedling management：Spring cultivation is colonized in mid-March or last ten-days period seeding and seedling raising, mid-May or the last ten-days period,
Pepper seed after basking seeds is put into 50-55 DEG C of warm water medium temperature to scald 10 minutes, and is stirred continuously seed, is down in water temperature
At 25-30 DEG C, 8-10h is soaked, vernalization under the conditions of being then placed on 28-30 DEG C, is sowed when having 50% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally；Seed treatment is good
First seedbed is poured water afterwards, after water penetration, seed is uniformly spilled into seedbed, is covering the fine earth of 1-2cm thickness above, and cover grass
Curtain；Day temperature is set to be maintained at 28-30 DEG C before emergence, nocturnal temperature is maintained at 18-20 DEG C, and capsicum emergence throws off straw screen or mat；Go out
After seedling keeps 25-27 DEG C of day temperature, and 15-l8 DEG C of nocturnal temperature, 19~21 DEG C of ground temperature, keeps nursery soil moistening；Seedling grows
When going out 2 true leaves, transplant seedlings, hardening before field planting；
5th, begin sowing in good time corn, rational close planting：When 5cm ground temperature is stablized by 8-10 DEG C below spring earth's surface, carry out corn and broadcast
Kind, for corn plants away from 14-16cm, density is 6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, depth of planting 3-4cm, the depth is consistent, after planting suppression in time；
6th, capsicum is transplanted in due course：Mid or late May, daily mean temperature stabilization, as capsicum height of seedling 10-12cm, are reached at 16~18 DEG C
Start to transplant during to 6-7 piece true leaves, dig pit by spacing in the rows 30cm and the Hot Pepper Seedling with nutritive cube is put into, tamp surrounding soil seam
Gap, and irrigate root water；
7th, apply fertilizers scientifically：
Corn applies N 80kg, P using 2 applications of base manure+fertilizing type, base manure for per hectare2O5120kg and K2O 120kg,
At the same time, base manure bar is imposed on below corn seed in 10-15cm topsoil soils for sowing；Top dressing, topdressing amount are carried out before corn jointing
For per hectare N 120kg, by side dressing in the outside 8-10cm of maize seedling, fertilization depth 8-10cm；
Capsicum is beared fruit using base manure, door green pepper, 3 applications of the best fruiting period, and total dose is per hectare N 45kg, P2O530kg and K2O
40% and whole phosphorus potash fertilizers of 60kg, N fertilizer are applied as base manure in site preparation, remaining N fertilizer point 2 times respectively door green pepper bear fruit with
The best fruiting period applies with pouring water；
8th, precision management：During corn 3-4 leaves, sick seedling and weak seedling are removed；After capsicum transplanting, intertillage management is synchronous with corn, capsicum
Flower thinning, fruit thinning and pinching are carried out to every young plant in seedling stage；
9th, harvest in due course：In late September-early October harvesting corn；Harvested in time after capsicum maturation.
2. the cultural method made between a kind of corn according to claim 1 and capsicum, it is characterised in that step 1 using plough,
Scarification equipment carries out ploughing site preparation.
3. the cultural method made between a kind of corn according to claim 1 or 2 and capsicum, it is characterised in that described in step 2
Corn variety is good beautiful 99 or favorable to the people 33.
4. the cultural method made between a kind of corn according to claim 3 and capsicum, it is characterised in that peppery described in step 2
Green pepper kind is Ninghua long red pepper, Calusena lansium long red pepper or especially big long red pepper.
5. the cultural method made between a kind of corn and capsicum according to claim 1,2 or 4, it is characterised in that in step 4
Pepper seedling raising seedling age is 60-70 days.
6. the cultural method made between a kind of corn according to claim 5 and capsicum, it is characterised in that shifting described in step 4
Seedling is to move into the sub- seedling on seedbed in nutritive cube.
7. the cultural method made between a kind of corn according to claim 6 and capsicum, it is characterised in that capsicum in step 6
One plant per hole, pepper planting density are 1.67 ten thousand plants/hm2。
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| CN111758510A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-13 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Pepper planting method capable of reducing influence of continuous cropping obstacles |
| CN112400531A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 含山县有水珍禽养殖有限公司 | Device and method suitable for blueberry planting |
| CN113661886A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-19 | 东北农业大学 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion |
| CN114521455A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-05-24 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | Three-dimensional cultivation method for interplanting high-stem crops in capsicum |
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