CN111758510A

CN111758510A - Pepper planting method capable of reducing influence of continuous cropping obstacles

Info

Publication number: CN111758510A
Application number: CN202010660563.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高晶霞; 谢华; 裴红霞; 秦小军; 高昱; 陈德明; 吴雪梅; 惠浩剑
Original assignee: Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2020-07-10
Filing date: 2020-07-10
Publication date: 2020-10-13

Abstract

The invention provides a pepper planting method capable of reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles, which is characterized in that the continuous cropping obstacles are 7.0L/667m in the range of 3-5 days before pepper field planting²～11.0L/667m²The application amount of the fertilizer is that diluted 20 percent of athomin aqueous emulsion is dripped on the soil to be planted with the hot pepper. The test shows that compared with the control group, the ratio of the concentration of the sodium chloride is 7.0L/667m²～11.0L/667m²The application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer is that diluted 20 percent of the athomin emulsion is dripped on the soil to be planted with the hot pepper in a drip irrigation way, which is beneficial to the growth of hot pepper plants, the improvement of photosynthesis in the growth process of the hot pepper and the improvement of the activity of soil enzyme,is beneficial to improving the diversity of microorganisms in the pepper planting soil, thereby being beneficial to reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles of the peppers, preventing and treating pepper diseases and insect pests and improving the yield and quality of the peppers.

Description

Pepper planting method capable of reducing influence of continuous cropping obstacles

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a pepper planting method capable of reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles.

Background

The pepper is an important agricultural economic crop, is native to Laimei areas such as Brazil and the like, belongs to solanaceae plants, is an annual economic crop generally, and is widely planted due to the fact that the pepper is rich in vitamin content, can resist moisture and cold in the shade, and is matched with other vegetables to achieve good taste.

The continuous cropping of the pepper is easy to cause the reduction of the activity of the soil, the imbalance of flora and the increase of plant diseases and insect pests, so that the overall production capacity of the soil is reduced, meanwhile, the restoration capacity of the soil is further damaged due to the excessive pesticide and chemical fertilizer residues in the soil, and serious environmental ecological problems are caused, and the factors are all chain reactions caused by the continuous cropping of the pepper, so that the growth and development states of pepper crops are seriously influenced. At present, main means for overcoming the influence of continuous cropping obstacles of vegetables and fruits comprise replacing inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizers, disinfecting soil and the like.

"biological fumigation" refers to a method for eliminating or inhibiting harmful organisms in soil by utilizing volatile gas generated by plant organic matters in the decomposition process, and since the harm effect of the athomin to the natural environment is lowest and the environmental protection property is highest, and simultaneously, the athomin can be used as a soil treatment agent to effectively kill various pathogenic bacteria in soil, the pesticide residue is very low, the side effect is minimum and the like, in recent years, the method is widely researched and applied to "soil biological fumigation".

For example, chinese patent No. 201910436981.7 discloses a method for planting pepper to overcome continuous cropping obstacles in greenhouse, which comprises the steps of soil treatment such as soil disinfection, application of compound fertilizer, application of wormcast or organic seaweed fertilizer, and the like, wherein specifically discloses a process of disinfecting soil by using 15-20% of athomin solution as a soil disinfectant. According to the description, the method can improve the activity of the soil enzyme, improve the photosynthesis of the pepper leaves and improve the yield to a certain extent. However, although the above methods can overcome the continuous cropping obstacles of pepper to some extent, the influence of the application of the athomin on the growth of pepper is not specifically evaluated, and the dosage of the athomin and the influence on the physiological performance of pepper are not specifically described. In the actual production process, excessive or too small amount of the athomin is found to have different physiological effects on the pepper, and better amount and method of the athomin need to be explored to further reduce the influence of continuous cropping obstacles of the pepper.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a pepper planting method capable of reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles, so as to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, the physiological influence effect of pepper is inconsistent due to too much or too little amount of horseradish.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a pepper planting method capable of reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps: 3 to 5 days before the field planting of the hot pepper, according to the ratio of 7.0L/667m²～11.0L/667m²The application amount of the fertilizer is that diluted 20 percent of athomin aqueous emulsion is dripped on the soil to be planted with the hot pepper.

Preferably, the pepper planting method capable of reducing the effect of continuous cropping obstacles further comprises the following steps:

leveling soil for fixedly planting peppers, and making fixed planting beds;

continuously carrying out drip irrigation 2-3 days before applying 20% of athomin water emulsion so as to keep the soil humidity of the field planting bed at 55-70%.

Preferably, after 20% of horseradish extract emulsion in water is applied, the field planting furrows are covered with films, and the peppers are planted in the field planting furrows 3-5 days after the films are covered with the films.

Preferably, before applying the 20% athomin aqueous emulsion, drip irrigation is carried out for 15-30 min by using clear water, so that water spreads near the drip irrigation point.

Preferably, after 20% of horseradish essence emulsion in water is applied, a mulching film is laid on the field planting bed, a dark light absorption film is laid on the mulching film, and the dark light absorption film is removed before the value of the pepper is determined.

Preferably, the pepper planting method capable of reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles further comprises the following steps: and (4) sowing the accompanying oats around the peppers.

Preferably, 3 to 7 days after the pepper is planted, sowing oat seeds in an area 5 to 20cm away from pepper plants.

Preferably, the sowing density of the oat seeds is 0.5 strain/cm²About 1.5 strains/cm²。

Preferably, when the oat grows to 20-30 cm, mowing the oat seedlings, and leaving stubble for 3-5 cm.

Preferably, the pepper planting method capable of reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles further comprises the following steps: before applying 20% of a horseradish extract aqueous emulsion, applying an organic fertilizer to soil to be planted with the peppers.

According to the technical scheme, the invention provides the pepper planting method capable of reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles, which has the beneficial effects that: 3 to 5 days before the field planting of the pepper according to the ratio of 7.0L/667m²～11.0L/667m²The application amount of the pesticide composition is that diluted 20% of horseradish extract emulsion is dripped on soil to be planted with the peppers in a drip irrigation mode, the soil to be planted with the peppers in a fix mode is disinfected, and tests show that compared with a control group (50% carbendazim wettable powder is applied), the pesticide composition is applied according to the proportion of 7.0L/667m²～11.0L/667m²The application amount of the compound fertilizer is that diluted 20% of the athomin aqueous emulsion is dripped on soil to be planted with the peppers in a drip irrigation mode, so that the growth of pepper plants (plant height, stem thickness and root growth related indexes of the pepper plants) is obviously different, the photosynthesis (photosynthesis related factors and chlorophyll content) in the growth process of the peppers is obviously different, the activity of soil enzymes (urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase in the soil) is obviously improved, and the soil biological diversity is obviously improved. As can be seen, the ratio of the amount of the particles to be added is 7.0L/667m²～11.0L/667m²Application amount ofAnd the diluted 20% of the athomin aqueous emulsion is dripped on the soil to be planted with the peppers, so that the continuous cropping obstacle influence of the peppers is favorably reduced, the pepper diseases and insect pests are favorably prevented and controlled, and the yield and the quality of the peppers are favorably improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a bar graph of plant heights of pepper plants grown in different ways.

FIG. 2 is a bar graph of stem thickness of pepper plants grown in different ways.

FIG. 3 is a statistical plot of the number of OTUs and Tags for samples from different treatment groups.

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing different treatment groups OTUs with Wien.

Fig. 5 is a bar chart (percentage) of the sequence at each classification level for each processed sample.

FIG. 6 is a stacked plot of species distributions at the level of different process samples.

FIG. 7 is a stack of species distributions at the level of different families of treated samples.

FIG. 8 is a stack of species distributions at the genus level for different treated samples.

Figure 9 is a graph of OTU dilution at 0.03 distance for different treated samples.

Fig. 10 is a comparison of the shannon exponential boxplots of the different treatment groups.

FIG. 11 is a different treatment group 2D OTU PCA plot.

FIG. 12 is a goal level UPGMA clustering tree based on Unweighted Unifrac distance.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions and effects of the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail through specific embodiments in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention.

In one embodiment, a method for planting pepper capable of reducing the effect of continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps: 3 to 5 days before the field planting of the hot pepper, according to the ratio of 7.0L/667m²～11.0L/667m²The application amount of the fertilizer is that diluted 20 percent of horseradish tree extract emulsion is dripped on soil to be planted with hot pepper, preferably according to 11.0L/667m²The application amount of (1) is that diluted 20% peppers are dripped on the soil to be planted with the peppersAqueous emulsion of rhizone.

Specifically, before the pepper is planted, soil for planting the pepper is prepared, weeds and plant residues in the soil are removed, normal fertilization and irrigation are carried out, and organic fertilizer is preferably applied to the soil for planting the pepper. And (4) making a planting bed, laying a drip irrigation system, performing a drip irrigation test, and checking whether a drip irrigation pipe is blocked or not. Drip irrigation with clear water by using drip irrigation equipment every day 2-3 days before application of the pesticide, soak the furrow, and adjust the soil humidity to 55% -70%, for example, adjust the soil humidity to 65%. Meanwhile, the plastic film is covered on crops integrally or in a single ridge, the effect of the plastic film with more than 4 filaments is optimal, the periphery is compacted, the plastic film is tightly attached to the ground as much as possible, whether the plastic film is damaged or not is checked, and if the plastic film is repaired in time, the plastic film is damaged. Before application, the drip irrigation is carried out for 15-30 minutes by using clear water, so that the water is spread near the drip irrigation point.

As a preferred embodiment, after 20% of horseradish essence emulsion in water is applied, a mulching film is laid on the field planting furrows, a dark light absorption film is laid on the mulching film, and before the pepper is set, the dark light absorption film is removed so as to further sterilize the soil by utilizing high temperature. It is worth mentioning that the process of disinfecting the soil by using a mulching film system (a dark light absorption film is paved on a mulching film for field planting) and matching with 20% of the horseradish essence emulsion in water is continuously carried out, the dark light absorption film absorbs heat in daytime, so that the temperature of a field planting ridge is raised, the 20% of the horseradish essence emulsion in water is heated and volatilized, and the soil at the field planting ridge is comprehensively disinfected. At night, the temperature is reduced, and part of 20% of the allyl isothiocyanate emulsion in water and water are condensed on the surface of the mulching film and dripped back to the fixed planting bed, so that the circular disinfection is realized, and the disinfection efficiency of the soil is improved.

In one embodiment, the venturi system is used for drip irrigation for about 30-40 minutes (short sand soil time, long clay time, short time for shallow root crops and long time for deep root crops), so as to ensure uniform application. And after the dripping is finished, continuously carrying out drip irrigation for 15-30 minutes by using clear water. After the precise spray irrigation is used for pesticide application, the soil surface is coated with a film, and the planting is carried out after the film is coated for 3-5 days.

In order to further explain the technical effects of the technical scheme, the invention selects Jufeng No. 1The pepper variety is used as a test female parent, a test field to be tested is selected from a pepper core test base in Ningxia county, the soil area is 0.15 mu and is divided into 4 cells, and the area of each cell is 25m²The basic parameters of the soil are as follows: the pH value is 8.37, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 78.2mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 18.3mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 406mg/kg, and the organic matter is 38.7 g/kg. The used test field has mild vigor, complete related irrigation facilities, average nutrient capacity and pest and disease damage level of the soil, and normal management of the soil management of the test field. The 20% athomin water emulsion is provided by the science and technology development limited company of the Zhongnong, Qimin (Beijing). The control group adopts 50% carbendazim wettable powder selected from Ningxia Shangbong plant protection Limited company, and the used fertilizer is a special fruit and vegetable organic fertilizer for economic crops and is mainly purchased from Yili special sprout Limited company in Ningxia Yichuan city. The plants were randomly arranged and no spray was applied during the test.

The specific test scheme is as follows:

before the test, the test soil is prepared on the construction site, weeds and plant residues in the soil are removed, normal fertilization and irrigation are carried out, a fixed planting bed is made on the test field, a drip irrigation system is laid, a drip irrigation test is carried out, and whether a drip irrigation pipe is blocked or not is checked. Drip irrigation equipment is used for carrying out clear water drip irrigation 2-3 days before application every day, the furrows are soaked, the soil humidity is adjusted to be 65% level, a single ridge is covered with more than 4 filaments of plastic films, the periphery of the plastic films is compacted, the plastic films are tightly attached to the ground as far as possible, whether the plastic films are damaged or not is checked, and if the plastic films are repaired in time. Before application, the drip irrigation is carried out for 15-30 minutes by using clear water, so that the water is spread near the drip irrigation point. And after the dripping is finished, continuously carrying out drip irrigation for 15-30 minutes by using clear water.

The test was conducted in 5 treatment groups, and the first three groups were test groups (treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3, respectively) each in a ratio of 7L/667m²、9L/667m²、11L/667m²The application concentration of the pesticide applies 20 percent of capsaicin emulsion in water to the soil to be planted.

The fourth group is a control group (counted as treatment 4), and 2Kg/667m of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim is used²And (5) mixing the soil with the amount, spreading the mixture, similarly covering the soil surface with a film, and planting the mixture after 3-5 days of film covering.

And the fifth group is a blank group (counted as treatment 5), only film covering is carried out without any other measures, and planting is carried out after 3d-5d of film covering.

Measuring growth indexes of the hot pepper according to the following method, and performing data processing:

after planting for 30 days, measuring various growth indexes of pepper plants, wherein the plant height of the pepper is measured by a Dukels-p laser range finder, the stem thickness is measured by a vernier caliper of a laboratory, and the plant biomass is measured by a Metleltoledoner ME204/02 physical electronic balance.

Measuring the chlorophyll content of pepper plants by adopting an acetone-ethanol mixed solution method in the classical literature, randomly selecting 5 pepper plants for planting for 30d, spreading compound leaves of the pepper plants at a selected position on each pepper plant, measuring related parameters by using an American OPTI-SCIENCES OS-5p + portable pulse modulation chlorophyll fluorescence instrument, and performing data acquisition after 5 minutes.

For soil measurement of continuous cropping peppers, methods such as a pH measuring instrument, a bacterial culture medium, a colorimetric method and the like are adopted to measure parameters such as pH, conductivity, soil microorganisms and enzyme activity of continuous cropping pepper soil respectively.

Data were statistically analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS 11.0 software with a significance level of P < 0.05.

The specific test results and analyses were as follows:

FIGS. 1 and 2 show the plant height and stem thickness growth of pepper plants planted for 30d after different treatments, respectively, and it can be seen that the plant height and stem thickness of pepper plants after being treated with different dose of horseradish hormone are higher than those of the blank group without any treatment (treatment 5), especially 11L/667m of treatment 3²The concentration of the athomin water emulsion has the most obvious influence on the stem thickness and the plant height of pepper plants, the growth indexes of the two are obviously increased, and the plant height and the stem thickness of the pepper planted for 30 days are respectively increased by 15.73 percent and 6.67 percent. Meanwhile, as can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, treatment 1 and treatment 2 have a certain degree of promotion on the plant height and stem thickness of pepper plants compared with treatment 4, namely 50% carbendazim wettable powder, of the control groupThe effect is not obvious, and shows that the concentration ratio of the athomin aqueous emulsion has obvious influence on the growth state promotion of pepper plants.

Further, the statistical data of the influence of different treatment modes on the pepper root system are shown in table 1, and it can be seen from the data in table 1 that, compared with the blank group, treatment 5 is adopted, treatment 1 and treatment 2 can effectively promote the growth and development of the pepper root system, the length, the root surface area and the volume of the pepper root system are significantly increased, and there is a significant difference with treatment 5, wherein the treatment effect of treatment 2 is the best, and the root system length, the root surface area, the root volume and the root tip number of the pepper plant are increased by 19.70%, 28.84%, 44.18% and 14.52% compared with the control group, and the development effect on the whole growth state of the pepper plant root system is the best. Meanwhile, as can be seen from table 1, treatment 1 and treatment 2 have a certain increase in the length, surface area and volume of the root system of pepper as compared with control 4. In addition, as can be seen from table 1, treatment 3 has a certain promoting effect on the pepper root system as compared with treatment 5, and shows a certain inhibiting effect as compared with treatment 1 and treatment 2. That is, a lower concentration of 20% aqueous emulsion diluent of athomin (7L/667 m)²、9L/667m²) Is beneficial to the growth of the pepper roots. Slightly high concentration 20% aqueous emulsion diluent of athomin (11L/667 m)²) The growth of the pepper roots is limited to a certain extent.

TABLE 1 Effect of different treatment methods on the root status of continuous cropping Capsici fructus

Note: the symbol "indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05)" from control pattern 5, and "indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05)" from control pattern 4, as described above.

Table 2 shows the statistical data of the effect of different treatment methods on the photosynthesis capacity of the continuous cropping pepper leaves, and it can be seen from the data in Table 2 that treatment 3(11L/667 m) is compared with treatment 4, which is the control group, and treatment 5, which is the blank group²20 percent of dilution liquid of the athomin water emulsion) has obvious influence on the photosynthesis of pepper plants,the photosynthesis of pepper plants can be effectively promoted, the specific parameters comprise parameters such as PSII maximum quantum yield Fv/Fm, PSII actual quantum yield Y (II), photochemical quenching coefficient qP and the like, and the parameters are all improved to a significant degree. Meanwhile, as can be seen from table 2, treatment 1 has a certain effect of promoting photosynthesis of pepper plants compared with treatment 4 and treatment 5 in treatment 2. Comprehensive treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3 show that the photosynthetic operation effect is gradually improved along with the increase of the concentration of the 20% horseradish hormone aqueous emulsion diluent, and particularly the 20% horseradish hormone aqueous emulsion diluent (11L/667 m) with slightly high concentration²) The photosynthesis of the pepper plants is improved in a transition mode.

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on photosynthesis Capacity of continuous cropping Capsici fructus leaves

As can be seen from the data in table 3, compared with treatment 4 and treatment 5, treatment 3 can effectively promote the chlorophyll content of pepper plants, and the difference is in a significant state, which is related to the treatment mode 3 promoting photosynthesis of pepper plants, specific parameters include parameters such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll B, chlorophyll a + B and the like, and compared with treatment mode 3, the improvement effect is significant when each parameter of chlorophyll of treatment 5 is increased by 17.03%, 19.25% and 22.56%. It can be seen from table 3 that treatment 1 has a certain promoting effect on the chlorophyll content of pepper plants compared to treatment 4 and treatment 5 compared to treatment 2, which is also consistent with the results of the analysis of photosynthesis of pepper plants.

TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on the chlorophyll content of Capsicum annuum

As can be seen from table 4, treatment 1 and treatment 2 have significantly enhanced activity of soil enzymes, and soil urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase were significantly increased compared to treatment 4 and treatment 5, and particularly treatment 2, the increase rates of the activity of soil enzymes were 66.63%, 88.11%, 120.0% and 174.70%, respectively, showing that treatment 2 has significantly improved effect on soil enzymes, enhancing the overall activity of continuous cropping soil of pepper plants. Also, as can be seen from table 4, treatment 3 provides a general improvement in soil enzymes, with a small increase in activity parameters for several soil enzymes, and no significant difference compared to treatment 4 and treatment 5. Alternatively, treatment 3 showed some inhibition of soil enzyme activity compared to

treatments

1 and 2.

TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on the enzymatic activity of the soil for pepper planting

In conclusion, parameters such as plant chlorophyll are main parameters for measuring plant photosynthesis, and have significant effects on improving the whole agricultural operation environment and enhancing organic matter synthesis. The addition of the athomin aqueous emulsion with different concentrations into the soil to be planted with the pepper can improve the photosynthesis of pepper plants to a certain extent, increase the photosynthesis utilization rate of pepper leaves, 11L/667m²The 20% of the athomin water emulsion with the concentration has the most obvious influence on the photosynthesis of pepper plants.

However, a higher concentration of 20% Horseradish emulsion in water (11L/667 m)²) Although the photosynthesis efficiency of pepper plants can be obviously improved, the growth and development of pepper root systems are inhibited, and the improvement of the activity of soil enzymes is inhibited.

In order to solve the above technical problems, while obtaining higher photosynthesis efficiency, the activity of the soil enzyme is improved, and the growth and development state of the pepper root system is improved, in one embodiment, the accompanying oats are sown around the pepper. Specifically, 3 to 7 days after the pepper is fixedly planted, oat seeds are sown in an area 5 to 20cm away from pepper plants. For example, the sowing density of oat seeds is 0.5 plants/cm²About 1.5 strains/cm². And when the oat grows to 20-30 cm, cutting oat seedlings, and leaving stubble at 3 cm-up5cm。

To further illustrate the technical effects produced by the above technical solutions, in a test example, the specific test scheme is as follows:

The test was conducted in 5 treatment groups, and the first three groups were test groups (treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8, respectively) each in a ratio of 7L/667m²、9L/667m²、11L/667m²The application concentration of the pesticide applies 20 percent of capsaicin emulsion in water to the soil to be planted.

The fourth group is a control group (counted as treatment 9), and 2Kg/667m of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim is used²And (5) mixing the soil with the amount, spreading the mixture, similarly covering the soil surface with a film, and planting the mixture after 3-5 days of film covering.

The fifth group is a blank group (designated as treatment 10), and only film mulching is carried out without any other measures, and planting is carried out after 3d-5d of film mulching.

After the pepper is planted for 3 days, sowing oat seeds in an area 5-20 cm away from pepper plants. The sowing density of the oat seeds is 0.5 plants/cm²About 1.5 strains/cm². And when the oat grows to 20-30 cm, cutting the oat seedlings, and leaving stubbles of 3-5 cm.

After planting for 30d, the growth parameters of the pepper and the pepper quality were measured in the same manner. The test results were analyzed and counted as follows.

Referring to table 5, table 5 shows statistical data of the effect of different treatment methods on the root system of pepper, and it can be seen from the data in table 5 that, compared with treatment 10,the treatment 6 and the treatment 7 can effectively promote the growth and development of the pepper root system, the length, the surface area and the volume of the pepper root system are obviously increased, and have obvious difference with the treatment 5, wherein the treatment effect of the treatment 7 is the best, and the root system length, the surface area, the volume and the number of root tips of pepper plants are increased by 15.58%, 24.27%, 37.78% and 14.26% compared with the treatment 10, so that the treatment has the best effect on the whole growth state and development of the pepper plant root system. Meanwhile, as can be seen from table 5, the length, the surface area and the volume of the root system of the pepper are increased to some extent in the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 compared with the control group mode 4. In addition, as can be seen from table 5, treatment 3 had a certain promoting effect on the pepper root system as compared with treatment 5, and showed a certain inhibiting effect as compared with treatment 6 and treatment 7. That is, a lower concentration of 20% aqueous emulsion diluent of athomin (7L/667 m)²、9L/667m²) Is beneficial to the growth of the pepper roots. Slightly high concentration 20% aqueous emulsion diluent of athomin (11L/667 m)²) The growth of the pepper roots is limited to a certain extent. Meanwhile, referring to tables 1 and 5, it is shown that the oat associated beside the pepper has a certain positive effect on the growth of the root system of the pepper, but is not significant.

TABLE 5 Effect of different treatment methods on the root status of continuous cropping Capsici fructus

Table 6 shows the statistical data of the effect of different treatment methods on the photosynthesis capacity of the continuous cropping pepper leaves, and it can be seen from the data in Table 6 that treatment 8(11L/667 m) is compared with treatment 9 and treatment 10²20% of dilution liquid of an aqueous emulsion of athomin) has obvious influence on the photosynthesis of pepper plants, can effectively promote the photosynthesis of the pepper plants, and has obvious improvement on the specific parameters including parameters such as PSII maximum quantum yield Fv/Fm, PSII actual quantum yield Y (II), photochemical quenching coefficient qP and the like. Also, as can be seen from table 6, treatment 6 has a certain effect of promoting photosynthesis of pepper plants as compared with treatment 7, treatment 9 and treatment 10. Referring to fig. 2 and 6 together, it can be seen that,the oat association significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of the pepper, which is particularly prominent in the cross-directional comparison of treatments 4 and 9, and treatments 5 and 10. Also, comparing

treatments

1, 2, 3 and

treatments

6, 7, 8 in the transverse direction, it was found that the low concentration (7L/667 m) was applied to the pair of companion oats²And 9L/667m²) The photosynthesis efficiency of the pepper with 20 percent of the dilution of the athomin water emulsion is obviously improved, and the pepper is applied with high concentration (9L/667 m)²) The photosynthesis efficiency of the pepper with 20% of the dilution of the athomin water emulsion is improved more limitedly, and the reason is probably that the photosynthesis effect is close to the saturation amount of the photosynthesis effect of the pepper in the period.

TABLE 6 Effect of different treatments on photosynthesis Capacity of continuous cropping Capsici fructus leaves

The inventors also examined the quality of the peppers obtained by different treatments, and referring to table 7, it can be seen that the vitamin C content of the pepper fruits of the treatment 7 is significantly higher than that of the treatment 4, and is 193.8mg/100g, which is 54.36% higher than that of the treatment 4. The content of soluble sugar in the pepper fruits treated by the treatment 7 is obviously higher than that of the pepper fruits treated by the treatment 4, and is 0.85g/100g, which is 19.72 percent higher than that of CK. The soluble protein content of the pepper fruits of the treatment 7 is obviously lower than that of the treatment 4, and is reduced by 44.44 percent compared with that of the treatment 4. Treatment 7 had a lower dry substance content of peppers than treatment 4, which was a 7.6% reduction over treatment 4. The method proves that the quality of the pepper fruits can be improved by adopting the athomin and the concomitant oat cultivation.

TABLE 7 Effect of different treatments on the fruit quality of continuous cropping Capsicum frutescens

The invention simultaneously considers the influence of applying different doses of 20 percent of the athomin water emulsion on the microbial diversity of the continuous cropping hot pepper soilSurprisingly, it was found that when a 20% aqueous emulsion of athomin was applied in an amount of 7L/667m²And 9L/667m²And is beneficial to improving the diversity of microorganisms in the continuous cropping pepper soil.

Specifically, high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS2 genes in soil samples was performed by GeneDenovo bioinformatics technologies, inc, guangzhou using the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. The 16SV3-V4 region was amplified by primer pair: 341F (CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG) and 806R (GGACTACHVGGGTATCTAAT). The ITS2 region was amplified using the forward primer KYO2F (GATGAAGAACGYAGYRAA) and the reverse primer ITS4RT (CCTCCGCTTATT GATATGC). 15 μ L of all PCR reactions

High fidelity PCR reaction mix (new england biology laboratory); forward and reverse primers were 0.2. mu.M, approximately 10ng template DNA. The thermal cycle included 30 cycles of initial denaturation at 98 ℃ for 1min, denaturation at 98 ℃ for 10s, annealing at 50 ℃ for 30s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 30 s. Equal amounts of SYB green buffer (containing SYBgreen) were mixed with the PCR product at 72 ℃ for 5min and detected by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were mixed at an equal density ratio. The mixed PCR products were then purified using Qiagen gel extraction kit (Qiagen, germany). Use of

DNA PCR-FreeStyle Preparation Kit (Illumina, USA) according to the manufacturer's recommendations with the addition of index code, generation of sequencing library. Library quality assessments were performed on a Qubit 2.0 fluorometer (Thermo Scientific) and agilent 2100 bioanalyzer (agilent bioanalyzer 2100).

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, otu (operational taxomic units) refers to a classification unit that is set manually for the convenience of phylogenetic or population genetics research. By utilizing the sequence similarity relation between effective tags, different tags can be clustered into OTUs. After the OTU is obtained, various core analyses such as species annotation, community diversity, group difference and the like can be carried out one by using related software according to the abundance and sequence information of the OTU. As can be seen from fig. 2, for the statistics of the numbers of OTUs and Tags of samples of different treatment groups, the total number of Tags is 86000 on average, the number of Unique Tags is 68000 on average, the number of Tags annotated with species is substantially the same as that of Unique Tags, the number of Tags annotated without species is 0, the number of Tags filtered out is 10306 at the lowest, 26383 at the highest, and H-2 treatment at the highest, it can be seen that the number of Tags corresponding to OTUs with total abundance of 1 is the largest, the number of the filtered out data is large, but the total sequencing quantity is large, and the data is sufficient for clustering and subsequent analysis; greater than 4500 OTUs per sample were obtained.

Wien plots and number histogram of individual pools of shared and unique OTUs among the treatment group samples, vs (CK) (i.e. treatment 10, same below) vs F treatment group (i.e. treatment 6, same below): control (CK) treatment group was unique to 1897OTUs, F treatment group was unique to 1526OTUs, and both groups shared 3187 OTUs; CK processing group vs G processing group (i.e. process 7, the same below): 1837OTUs are special for the CK processing group, 1634OTUs are special for the G processing group, and 3247OTUs are common in the two groups; CK processing group vs H processing group (i.e. process 8, the same below): 2249OTUs are specific to the CK processing group, 1851OTUs are specific to the H processing group, and 3233OTUs are common to the two groups; CK processing group vs I processing group (i.e. process 9, the same below): 1956OTUs are specific to CK processing group, 1949OTUs are specific to I processing group, and 3135OTUs are total to the two groups; f treatment group vsG treatment group vsH treatment group vsI treatment group vsCK treatment group: 611OTUs are specific to the F treatment group, 669OTUs are specific to the G treatment group, 1517OTUs are specific to the H treatment group, 1005OTUs are specific to the I treatment group, 987OTUs are specific to the CK treatment group, and 2253OTUs are common to the 5 groups. The most unique OTUs were H-treated strains, followed by I-and CK-treated groups, and F-and G-treated groups.

The microbial species classification is generally divided into 7 classes of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, and each OTU represents a set of classification levels of a certain type. Therefore, species annotation is carried out according to the sequence information of the OTU, and the analysis result can be associated with the actual biological significance, so that the contents such as the change relationship of species in the community can be researched. FIG. 4 is a bar chart of sequences at each classification level for each sample treated, showing that the annotation rate at phylum level is above 95%, class level is around 90%, order level is between 80% and 90%, family level is around 75%, genus level is around 40%, and species level is between 2% and 12%. The annotation rates of the overall class level and the target level are normal, the difference between each group of the processed samples is small, the annotation rates of the class level and the target level of the H2 sample in the H processing group are 10% higher than those of other samples in the same processing group, the fluctuation is obvious, the samples are possibly specific samples, and the annotation rates of the other two samples in the H processing group are similar.

In one embodiment, the species composition of each sample at each hierarchical classification level is counted, and then the species abundance variation of different samples at each classification level is visually displayed in the form of stacked graphs. FIG. 5 is a stacked view of species distributions at the level of class of each treated specimen, and Gamma proteobacteria is the bacterium having the largest proportion among the treated specimens, which is 7L/667m²And 9L/667m²Has no obvious change under the treatment of (1), 11L/667m²Significantly reduced under treatment, with carbendazim treatment and Control (CK) being essentially the same; the Planctomycetacia showed a slight increase in the treatment dose, with the carbendazim treatment and Control (CK) being greater than in the treated group; alphaproteobacteria did not change between the F-treated and G-treated groups, but increased in the H-treated group, and decreased in the I-treated group and the Control (CK) as compared to the H-treated group; the amount of Gemmatiomagneets detected in the Control (CK) and F treated groups was the same, from 7L/667m²To 9L/667m²The bacteria content is obviously reduced, 11L/667m2 is slightly increased, and the bacteria content is lowest after the carbendazim treatment. Betaproteobacteria was unchanged in the three treatments, significantly decreased after carbendazim treatment, and the CK group was the highest. Deltaproteobacteria did not change significantly among the treatment groups. Thermomicrobia was significantly elevated in each treatment compared to Control (CK).

FIG. 6 is a stacked plot of species distributions at the family level of each treatment sample, from which it can be seen that the annotation rate is around 75% and that Planctomycetaceae is present in F, G and H treated groups at a lower level than the I treated and Control (CK) groups; xanthomonadaceae is higher in the F and G treatment groups, and treatment is increased to 11L/667m²The post-reduction, lower in the group I and Control (CK), showed a significant increase in the bacterial content after the treatment, but with an increasing treatment the content was 11L/667m²A decrease occurs. Blastocalaceae was highest in the Control (CK), with no significant reduction in the F-treated group, and significant reduction after the G-treated group and the I-treated group; pseudomonadaceae in each processing groupHas no obvious change, and has obvious reduction in carbendazim treatment.

FIG. 7 is a stack of species distributions at the genus level, from which it can be seen that a more disordered bacterial classification occurs at the genus level, as is the case with other soils, but from which it can be seen that Planctomyces is the predominant population, with no significant variation in the overall sample, Lysobacter is essentially the same in CK and F treatments, with significant increase in the population of the treatments, Pseudomonas is less in the Control (CK), with increased emphasis on F, G and H treatments, with a particularly significant increase in the treatment group I, Pseudomonas is more in the control CK, and with the treatment with athomin and carbendazim, the soil is reduced to almost 0 per sample. Bacillus increased significantly after treatment, essentially 0 in Control (CK). Acinetobacter was significantly increased in the carbendazim treatment group, and was present in very low amounts in the remaining groups.

Alpha diversity refers to the diversity condition within a particular habitat or ecosystem, which can indicate the degree to which the habitat is isolated by species, and is usually calculated using two important parameters, species abundance (species condition) and species uniformity (distribution condition). The project mainly shows the commonly used alpha diversity indexes of six categories, namely, Chao1, ACE, Shannon, observed _ speces, Simpson and Good's Coverage, and the related analysis results thereof. Overall, the Chao1/ACE index is mainly concerned with species abundance information of the sample; good's Coverage reflects the low abundance OTU Coverage of the sample; the observed _ scenes represents the detected OTU type condition; Simpson/Shannon mainly integrates the abundance and uniformity of species. Table 8 is a statistical table of the above indexes, and it can be seen from the table that the chao1 indexes are all above 5000, the average value 5365.059, the ACE index and chao1 are similar, the average value 5425.227, and Goods Coverage reflect the low abundance OTU Coverage of the sample, and the average value is 98.5%, which indicates that most of the low abundance OTU has been covered and the integrity is good. The average value of the observed _ species is 4619.2; Simpson/Shannon numerical averages are 9.8825 and 0.9945, respectively, and the abundance is very high and the uniformity is very good.

TABLE 8 statistical table for Alpha diversity indexes in different treatments

Whether the amount of sequencing was sufficient to cover all the populations was evaluated by plotting a dilution curve (raw curve) and indirectly reflects the abundance of species in the sample. The dilution curve is calculated using the relative proportions of OTUs known in the measured sequences to calculate the expected number of OTUs present when n (n being less than the total number of measured tags sequences) tags are extracted, and then plotted against the expected number of OTUs for a set of n values (typically a set of arithmetic series less than the total number of sequences). When the curve flattens or reaches plateau, it can be considered that the sequencing depth has covered substantially all the species in the sample. Fig. 9 shows that when the number of extracted tags reaches 60000, the expected number of OTUs that can be obtained has reached the plateau, while the clear tags of our data is above 90000 on average, which indicates that all species have been covered.

Fig. 10 is a box plot of the shannon index for F, G, H and group I, with the abscissa representing each grouping, each group being distinguished by four colors red, green, blue and violet, and the ordinate representing the corresponding Alpha diversity index size. The graph shows the maximum (top of line), minimum (bottom of line), median (middle of box), upper quartile (top of box), lower quartile (bottom of box), and invalid data for the valid data distribution; the median of shannon indices was around 10.00, with the F treatment group having the lowest 9.5436, the highest 10.0555, the G treatment group having the lowest 9.6984, the highest 10.0230, the H treatment group having the lowest 9.5522, and the highest 10.1691, and the I treatment group having the highest fluctuation among the 4 treatment groups, possibly related to the carbendazim treatment conditions. It can be seen that the three treatment groups floated substantially equally, the G treatment group samples had minimal fluctuation, the H treatment group samples had the greatest concentration, and were the closest to the treatment with carbendazim, indicating that the treatment concentration in the G treatment group could be used as the optimal reference concentration.

Beta diversity is a comparison of diversity between different ecosystems, and is the rate of change of species composition along an environmental gradient or across communities, which is indicative of the response of biological species to environmental heterogeneity. In general, the population Beta diversity calculation under different environmental gradients includes two parts of species change (how much) and species generation (existence).

The method can effectively find out the most 'main' elements and structures in the data by means of variance decomposition, and reflects the complex sample composition relation to the two characteristic values of the horizontal and vertical coordinates, thereby achieving the effect of simplifying the data complexity. The more similar the sample composition, the closer the distance reflected in the PCA plot, and the more likely the samples will exhibit their respective aggregate distributions between different environments. As can be seen from fig. 11, there is a difference in clustering between the CK-treated group and the F-treated group, the G-treated group, and the H-treated group, that is, the treatment with the athomin changes the soil flora, and the I-treated group is far from the other 4 groups, which reflects the difference between the carbendazim treatment and the athomin treatment, wherein H2 is far from the cluster in the H-treated group, and I1 is far from the cluster in the I-treated group. The PCA showed that the control CK was the leftmost and the I treatment group was the rightmost, and the treatment distribution according to the trends of the F treatment group, the G treatment group, the H treatment group and the I treatment group was weakly observed.

The UPGMA classification tree can be used for researching the similarity among samples and solving the taxonomy problem of the samples. And carrying out UPGMA classification tree classification on the samples by utilizing Mothur software according to weighted and unweighted Unifrac matrix information. Wherein more similar samples will have shorter common branches. As can be seen from fig. 12, the H2 sample was not considered for the moment, and 3 replicates among the remaining samples were the most similar, among which the F treatment group and the G treatment group had the shortest common branch and were close to each other, the H treatment group was heavier and one branch was added, indicating that the treatment in the H group caused a significant change in soil flora, and the I treatment group was different from the F treatment, the G treatment, and the H treatment, and had one branch more than the three groups, and the flora change was consistent with the change in the treatment conditions.

Table 9 is a table of results of an Anosim differential analysis, wherein R represents the degree of difference, typically between (0, 1), R >0, indicating that there is a difference between groups, typically R > 0.75: a large difference; 0.5: moderate difference, > 0.25: a small difference. The R values for the F, G and I treatment groups were 1, indicating significant differences between the groups, and the H treatment group was 0.3704 for R and was a small difference >0.25 compared to the blank CK. The credibility of the statistical analysis is represented by P-value, P <0.05 represents that the statistics has significance, the treated group has difference compared with the control CK group, and the difference between the groups is extremely significant.

TABLE 9 results of the Anosim analysis based on unweighted unifrac distance

Overall, 16S analysis results, statistics of OTUs and Tags numbers for samples from different treatment groups, mean total Tags number of 86000, mean Unique Tags of 68000, species annotated Tags numbers are substantially the same as Unique Tags; the 5 treatment groups have 2253OTUs, the most specific OTUs are the H treatment group, the second treatment group is the I treatment group and the CK treatment group, and the F treatment group and the G treatment group are the lowest; the annotation rate at the gate level for each treated sample was above 95%; gamma is the most abundant bacteria in each treated sample, Planctomycetacia slightly increases with the increase of treatment dose, carbendazim treatment and Control (CK) are more than those in the treated group, Alphaproteobacteria increase in the H treated group, and I and Control (CK) decrease in the H treated group; the treatment of Gemmitemonadises from F to H showed a first rise, with the lowest amount of bacteria after carbendazim treatment. Betaproteobacteria was unchanged in the three treatments, significantly decreased after carbendazim treatment, and the CK group was the highest. Deltaproteobacteria did not change significantly among the treatment groups. Thermomicrobia was significantly elevated in each treatment compared to Control (CK); alpha diversity analysis, the median of the shannon index is about 10.00, the F treatment group is 9.5436 lowest, 10.0555 highest, the G treatment group is 9.6984 lowest, 10.0230 highest, the H treatment group is 9.5522 lowest, 10.1691 highest, and the I treatment group is 4 treatment groups with the largest fluctuation and is possibly related to carbendazim treatment conditions; beta diversity analysis, clustering difference between the Control (CK) group and the F, G, H-treated group indicates that the soil flora changes by using the treatment of the athomin, the I-treated group is far away from the other 4 groups, and the difference between the carbendazim treatment and the athomin treatment is reflected, wherein H2 samples in the H group treatment are far away from the cluster, and I1 samples in the I group treatment are far away from the cluster; species difference analysis results show that as the concentration of the drug increases, the flora of Arenimonas and Oceanospirillales decreases to non-dominant flora, and it is presumed that the decrease of the flora is advantageous for the prevention and treatment of soil-borne diseases. The use of carbendazim increased the bacterial flora of group I cinaceae _ calcucus, Trueperaceae and Deinococcales, and it was presumed that the increase of these bacterial flora was advantageous for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The ITS analysis result shows that the treatment group 5 has 229OTUs in total, and the treatment group F has the most specific OTUs; species classification analysis, with annotation rates at the gate level of around 70% for each treated sample; the species distribution stacking chart of each treatment sample on the family level has the annotation rate of about 15% -50%, the Hypoceaceae ratio is the most, the content of each treatment sample in the Control (CK) and I treatment groups is very high, and the content of each treatment sample in the athomin treatment group is obviously reduced; trichocomaceae and Chaetomiceae are remarkably increased in an F treatment group, a G treatment group and an I treatment group, wherein the G treatment group is the most obvious; botryosphaeriaceae was present in higher amounts in the Control (CK) and I treated groups, hardly visible in the athomin treated group, and in very low amounts; saccharomyces cerevisiae is present in a significant amount in the athomin-treated group, is the dominant flora and is very low in the Control (CK) and I-treated groups; in Alpha diversity analysis, the median of the shannon index is about 5.3, the lowest 5.0022, the highest 5.4868, the lowest 5.3439, the highest 5.7580 and the lowest 4.1226 and the highest 5.5914 of the G treatment group, the H treatment group and the 5.5914 are the largest fluctuation in 4 treatments, and the concentration of the athomin is supposed to be increased to the highest, so that the corresponding fungal community is changed greatly. Treatment group I lowest 4.8331, highest 5.4493; beta diversity analysis, the differences between groups in the fungi of H treatment group and G treatment group are difficult to distinguish, the differences between F treatment group and H treatment group and G treatment group are obvious, the differences between I treatment group and Control (CK) group are small, and the differences between I treatment group and Control (CK) group and the differences between horseradish hormone treatment group are obvious; species difference analysis shows that Hydropisphaera in the I treatment group is the only difference fungus, dominant difference fungus in the G treatment group is Penicillium, comprehensive analysis results show that the concentration of the athomin is the best concentration in the G treatment group, and meanwhile, 50% of carbendazim treatment can effectively control diseases. Provides a new control method for controlling soil-borne diseases of the peppers, and has important significance for safe and high-yield cultivation of the peppers in the mountainous areas in south Ningxia.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A pepper planting method capable of reducing the influence of continuous cropping obstacles is characterized by comprising the following steps: 3 to 5 days before the field planting of the hot pepper, according to the ratio of 7.0L/667m²～11.0L/667m²The application amount of the fertilizer is that diluted 20 percent of athomin aqueous emulsion is dripped on the soil to be planted with the hot pepper.

2. The method of planting capsicum capable of reducing the effect of continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

leveling soil for fixedly planting peppers, and making fixed planting beds;

3. A pepper planting method as defined in claim 1, wherein the planting bed is covered with a film after applying 20% horseradish emulsion in water, and the pepper planting starts 3-5 days after the film covering.

4. A pepper planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the effect of the continuous cropping obstacles is reduced by first drip-irrigating with clear water for 15-30 min before applying the 20% horseradish emulsion in water, so that the water spreads around the drip-irrigating point.

5. A pepper planting method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the effect of the continuous cropping obstacles is reduced by applying 20% horseradish hormone emulsion in water, spreading a mulching film on the field planting furrows, spreading a dark light-absorbing film on the mulching film, and removing the dark light-absorbing film before the pepper is fixed.

6. A pepper planting method as claimed in any one of the claims 1-5, wherein the effect of the continuous cropping obstacles is reduced, further comprising the steps of:

and (4) sowing the accompanying oats around the peppers.

7. A pepper planting method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the effect of continuous cropping obstacles is reduced by sowing oat seeds in an area 5-20 cm from the pepper plants 3-7 days after pepper field planting.

8. The method of planting capsicum capable of reducing the effect of continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 7,

the sowing density of the oat seeds is 0.5 plants/cm²About 1.5 strains/cm²。

9. The method of planting capsicum capable of reducing the effect of continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 7,

when the oat grows to 20-30 cm, cutting the oat seedling, and leaving stubble for 3-5 cm.

10. The method of planting capsicum capable of reducing the effect of continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 6,

further comprising the steps of:

before applying 20% of a horseradish extract aqueous emulsion, applying an organic fertilizer to soil to be planted with the peppers.