CN103688709A - Planting method of relieving continuous cropping obstacles and controlling pest and disease damage through intercropping of different hot pepper species - Google Patents
Planting method of relieving continuous cropping obstacles and controlling pest and disease damage through intercropping of different hot pepper species Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of relieving continuous cropping obstacles and controlling pest and disease damage through intercropping of different hot pepper species, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. According to the method, the intercropping of hot pepper with different growth height, disease resistance and pest resistance is carried out; the selected pepper species have the growth height differences, and the sequential cyclic intercropping is carried out according to the growth heights of the hot pepper; the ridge width of a land piece is 170cm, the furrow width is 30cm, and the depth is 25cm; six lines are arranged in each ridge, the line distance is 34cm, and the hole distance is 25 to 30cm; different species of hot pepper are intercropped on each ridge. The planting method has the advantages that the yield and the quality of the hot pepper are improved. The continuous cropping obstacles of the hot pepper can be effectively relieved through the intercropping culture of the hot pepper with different species, the continuous planting of the hot pepper throughout the year can be realized, the soil utilization rate is improved, and soil resources are saved. Meanwhile, the prevention and treatment effect of hot pepper epidemic diseases reaches 76 to 89 percent, the prevention and treatment effect on hot pepper helicoverpa assulta reaches 73 to 91 percent, the production quality safety of the hot pepper and the agricultural ecological environment safety are ensured, and the goals of efficiency increase, yield improvement and income increase are reached.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural planting technique field, be specifically related to a kind of different capsicum variety intercropping plants that utilize, promote the healthy and strong growth of capsicum, effectively alleviate capsicum continuous cropping obstacle, control capsicum damage by disease and insect, improve the implantation methods of yield of hot pepper and quality.
Background technology
Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.), is again long red pepper, long capsicum, spicy, peppery angle chilly, kind ginger, hot pepper, long and thin hot pepper etc., is Solanaceae (Solanaceae) Capsicum (Capsicum) 1 year or herbaceos perennial.Pepper fruit delicious flavour, nutritious in extensively cultivation all over the world, output is only second to tomato in solanaceous vegetable, is one of the whole world ten large famous dishes.
Approximately 2,000 ten thousand mu of China's capsicum areas in 2012, have surpassed global capsicum and have produced 1/3 of area, and yield of hot pepper accounts for global proportion and approaches 50%, is maximum in the world capsicum production, consumption and exported country.The development of China's capsicum industry has material impact to the development of global capsicum industry.
Along with the development of capsicum industry, capsicum plants continuously throughout the year and area under cultivation constantly expands, and pepper cultivation exists the day by day serious of continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon, and oneself becomes the Main Factors that restriction capsicum industryization is produced.Capsicum continuous cropping obstacle causes that pepper diseases increases the weight of as capsicum epidemic disease, root rot and base rot disease etc., a large amount of dead seedlings; Cause floral leaf, leaf roll, Huang Ye, fallen flowers, shedding, yield reducation simultaneously.Can the underproduction 20%～50% when capsicum continuous cropping obstacle is serious, even up to 70%.
Simultaneously scale, centralization commerial growing capsicum kind are single, cause the aggravation of capsicum damage by disease and insect, cause that the quality and yield of capsicum declines, and have a strong impact on and restrict the development of capsicum industry, scale.
At present, the main method of alleviating capsicum continuous cropping obstacle both at home and abroad has crop rotation, grafting, seed selection resistant variety, applying organic manure, chemical agent soil disinfection and chemical pesticide sterilization etc.Crop rotation can recover and increase soil fertility, and reduces disease worm harm, increases output and improves quality, is tradition method effectively the most.Paddy rice and capsicum crop rotation can alleviate pepper diseases incidence, promote capsicum volume increase.But along with the development of capsicum industry, crop rotation is infeasible.Graft technology is effective measures that overcome continuous cropping obstacle, on the vegetable crops such as eggplant, cucumber, tomato, capsicum, applies, and obtains significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.But graft technology content is high, is difficult for large scale application.The good resistant variety of seed selection is the important research direction of pepper disease resistance cultivation and breeding for disease resistance, but breeding needs a large amount of materials of processing, and the required cycle is long, and current not yet have a not only capsicum variety of disease-resistant but also high yield.Applying organic manure can be improved soil mechanism, improves the quality of crop, but consuming time in practical application, consumption power.Use chemical agent soil disinfection and chemical pesticide sterilization can kill efficiently, rapidly fungi in soil, bacterium, nematode, soil-borne disease poison etc., solve the problem of capsicum continuous cropping, but easily cause the problems such as Environmental Pesticide residual contamination.
Cultural control method is a kind of important method of preventing and treating at present capsicum damage by disease and insect, can reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, and the basic principle of cultural control is to root out pathogeny and worm source, or greatly reduces its quantity; Strengthen plant vitality and the resistance to damage by disease and insect; Change environmental condition, make it to be conducive to vine growth and development, and be unfavorable for that damage by disease and insect occurs.The intercropping pattern of intercropping, capsicum and the wheat of at present existing capsicum and corn, weakening to a certain extent breeding and the diffusion of pathogen and insect propagates, can significantly alleviate capsicum virus and sun burn, reduce the borer fruit rate of oriental tobacco budworm, but capsicum and corn intercrop, corn has the effect of shading and reducing field intensity of illumination.Because corn is too high, often there will be corn excessively to shade, cause the result of the capsicum underproduction; Wheat and capsicum interplanting, a large amount of ladybugs also can move to capsicum from wheat, eliminate and pass virulent aphis worm, but wheat strain has certain ability of shading, and its effect is not very desirable.
In view of above-mentioned current and capsicum continuous cropping obstacle and the existing defect of cultivation method, therefore, design and seek and a kind ofly not only can alleviate capsicum continuous cropping obstacle, but also can control capsicum damage by disease and insect, the cropping pattern that improves yield of hot pepper and quality has very importantly practice significance.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming and deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of different capsicum variety intercropping to alleviate the implantation methods of continuous cropping obstacle and disease and pest control.The method is without adding medicament, and non-environmental-pollution problem, can effectively prevent and treat the generation of capsicum continuous cropping diseases; Be applicable to modernization, the production of scale capsicum, alleviate the effect of capsicum continuous cropping obstacle close to crop rotation; Implantation methods of the present invention can promote the healthy and strong growth of capsicum simultaneously, controls capsicum damage by disease and insect, improves yield of hot pepper and quality.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the implantation methods of continuous cropping obstacles and disease and pest control is alleviated in a kind of different capsicum variety intercropping, comprises growing height, capsicum intercropping that disease resistance is different; There is growing height difference in selected capsicum variety, according to the intercropping that circulates successively of the growing height of capsicum; Plot furrow face width 170cm, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm; Every furrow six row, line-spacing 34cm, cave is apart from 25-30cm; The capsicum of every furrow intercropping different cultivars.
Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) grow seedlings
1. select full seed, the growing height of the same size capsicum variety seed combination different with disease resistance;
2. seed is exposed to the sun 2 days at sunlight, liquor potassic permanganate that mass fraction is 0.15% soaks pepper seed 15～20 minutes, 55 ℃ of water seed soakings 10 minutes, and vernalization under 25 ℃～30 ℃ conditions, after 4～5 days, can sow after the seed until 65～75% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
3. carry out seedbed, fill with vola water, seed and sand mix, and are evenly spread across on seedbed, cover the thick fine earth of one deck 0.5～1cm, then covered with plastic film hut heat moisturizing;
(2) seedbed management
After planting in warm canopy, keep 25～30 ℃ of daytime temperatures, at 18～20 ℃ of nights, will there be sufficient water supply in seedbed, can not be excessively wet; When pepper seedling height is 6～7cm according to growing way and the weather temperature hardening of suitably ventilating; As capsicum plant height 15-20cm, there is 8-10 sheet leaf and can transplant;
(3) whole ground field planting
Ploughed deeply, be exposed to the sun, ridging, weed a garden in plantation plot, plot furrow face width 170cm, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm;
During field planting, select robust growth, well developed root system, without the capsicum of damage by disease and insect, transplant, every furrow six row, line-spacing 34cm, cave is apart from 25-30cm, 1～2 strain of every cave, every mu of 8000-9000 strain; The capsicum Yi Qiwei unit of different cultivars, according to the growing height intercropping successively of capsicum;
(4) management after field planting
Conventional field management, gather.
The described growing height capsicum variety seed combination different with disease resistance in step (1) is preferably the combination of 3 kinds of capsicum variety seeds of the especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No. one and capsicum annum fasciculatum;
Wherein select capsicum variety and characteristic as follows:
The especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum: abroad introduce, precocity, disease-resistant, high yield, plant strain growth gesture are strong, plant height 85-90cm, branchiness is strong; Fruit is green, longhorn shape; Pungent is moderate;
Agriculture green pepper No. one: first-filial generation combination, disease-resistant, high yield, mid-early maturity, plant strain growth gesture is vigorous, plant height 60-80cm, setting ability is strong, cattle horn shape, pulp is thick, fruit surface smooth, fruit look emerald green is glossy, and pungent is moderate;
Capsicum annum fasciculatum: high disease resistance, drought-enduring, moisture-proof, high temperature resistance, the strong plant height 30-60cm of plant strain growth gesture, stem is upright, and branch is many; Plant type is compact, and fruit clusters in branch end, and color and luster is dark red, and pungent is strong;
In the inventive method, utilize the difference of the chili growth height of different cultivars, the complementation in the capsicum space of performance different cultivars, increase the ventilation and penetrating light of intercropping colony, the availability of the capsicum of enhancing different cultivars to light, the complementation of the capsicum of different cultivars aspect disease-resistant, pest-resistant, reduces the generation of damage by disease and insect, has improved the liquid manure utilization ratio of underground part simultaneously, promote the growth of capsicum, reached the object that improves yield of hot pepper and quality.Compared with prior art, of the present invention have good economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit, an effect that reaches growth of agricultural efficiency, increases production and increase income.
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
1. the inventive method can be alleviated capsicum continuous cropping obstacle effectively, implantation methods of the present invention is by utilizing the difference of different capsicum variety continuous cropping obstacles, by by different capsicum variety intercropping, thereby alleviate whole continuous cropping obstacle, can realize capsicum plantation continuously throughout the year, improve land utilization rate, economize the land resource.
2. improve the output of capsicum.Implantation methods of the present invention, by utilizing the difference of different capsicum variety growing heights, increases ventilation and penetrating light, improves the availability to light, promotes better the growth of capsicum, improves yield of hot pepper.
3. improve the quality of capsicum.Implantation methods of the present invention, by utilizing the difference of different capsicum variety disease resistances, can fully improve whole disease resistance, reduces the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, has improved the quality of capsicum.
4. improve the economic benefit of capsicum.By implantation methods of the present invention, can make full use of the difference in different capsicum variety maturing stage, gather by stages, reach the object of high yield and high quality capsicum, directly improve the economic benefit of plantation capsicum, increase farmers' income.
5. the inventive method plantation specification is simple, suitable to green house and field large scale application, can become a kind of method of capsicum standardization plantation, accelerates the development of capsicum industry, promotes growth of agricultural efficiency, increases production and increase income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the high-yield planting schematic diagram of different capsicum variety intercropping disease and pest controls in embodiment 2; Wherein, A: the furrow of the plantation especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum; B: the furrow that plantation agriculture green pepper is No.; C: the furrow of plantation capsicum annum fasciculatum.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
1. grow seedlings
(1) select the seed of full seed, the especially big ox horn king of the U.S. of the same size capsicum, agriculture green pepper No., capsicum annum fasciculatum, the especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No., capsicum annum fasciculatum are purchased from Guangzhou seeds company;
(2) by seed at the sunlight 2d that is exposed to the sun, the liquor potassic permanganate that mass fraction is 0.15% soaks pepper seed 15～20min, 55 ℃ of water seed soaking 10min, vernalization under 25 ℃～30 ℃ conditions, after 4～5d, can sow after the seed until 65～75% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
(3) carry out seedbed, fill with vola water, seed mixes with appropriate sand, is evenly spread across on seedbed, cover the thick fine earth of one deck 0.5～1cm, then covered with plastic film hut heats moisturizing.
2. seedbed management
After planting in warm canopy, keep 25～30 ℃ of daytime temperatures, at 18～20 ℃ of nights, will there be sufficient water supply in seedbed, can not be excessively wet; When pepper seedling height is 6～7cm according to growing way and the weather temperature hardening of suitably ventilating; As capsicum plant height 15-20cm, there is 8-10 sheet leaf and can transplant;
3. field planting wholely
Ploughed deeply, be exposed to the sun, ridging, weed a garden in plantation plot, plot furrow face width 170cm, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm.
Plot is divided to the community of growing into 175cm, each community is the especially big ox horn king of Dan Zhong U.S. capsicum, single kind agriculture green pepper No., single kind capsicum annum fasciculatum, the especially big ox horn king of Jian Zhong U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No. one and capsicum annum fasciculatum respectively.Line-spacing 34cm, cave is apart from 25cm.
Conventional field management, plantation, after 50 days, are removed respectively the capsicum of planting in a community, then are planted respectively original capsicum variety.
4. after continuous cropping 4 times, the especially big ox horn king of Dan Zhong U.S. capsicum, single kind agriculture green pepper No., single kind capsicum annum fasciculatum have reduced highly respectively 68%, 60% and 73%, and it has only reduced highly respectively 11%, 9% and 13% after the especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No. one and capsicum annum fasciculatum intercropping.Show that the especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No. one and capsicum annum fasciculatum intercropping alleviated continuous cropping obstacle effectively.
Embodiment 2
1. grow seedlings
(1) select the seed of full seed, the especially big ox horn king of the U.S. of the same size capsicum, agriculture green pepper No., capsicum annum fasciculatum, the especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No., capsicum annum fasciculatum are purchased from Guangzhou seeds company;
(2) by seed at the sunlight 2d that is exposed to the sun, the liquor potassic permanganate that mass fraction is 0.15% soaks pepper seed 15～20min, 55 ℃ of water seed soaking 10min, vernalization under 25 ℃～30 ℃ conditions, after 4～5d, can sow after the seed until 65～75% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
(3) carry out seedbed, fill with vola water, seed mixes with appropriate sand, is evenly spread across on seedbed, cover the thick fine earth of one deck 0.5～1cm, then covered with plastic film hut heats moisturizing.
2. seedbed management
After planting in warm canopy, keep 25～30 ℃ of daytime temperatures, at 18～20 ℃ of nights, will there be sufficient water supply in seedbed, can not be excessively wet.When being 6cm, to give capsicum plant height seedbed according to seedling growth and the weather temperature hardening of ventilating, as capsicum plant height 15-20cm, there is 8-10 sheet leaf and can transplant.
3. field planting wholely
Ploughed deeply, be exposed to the sun, ridging, weed a garden in plantation plot, plot furrow face width 170cm, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm.
During field planting, select robust growth, well developed root system, without the capsicum of damage by disease and insect, transplant, every furrow are planted the especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No., capsicum annum fasciculatum successively.
The plantation especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, every furrow six row, line-spacing 34cm, cave is apart from 35-40cm, one strain of every cave.
Plantation agriculture green pepper No. one, every furrow six row, line-spacing 34cm, cave is apart from 25-30cm, the two strains in every cave.
Plantation capsicum annum fasciculatum, every furrow six row, line-spacing 34cm, cave is apart from 20-25cm, the two strains in every cave.
4. the management after field planting
Conventional field management, gather.
The schematic diagram of the high-yield planting of the different capsicum variety intercropping disease and pest controls in step 3 is as Fig. 1.
The inventive method is by the cultivation mode of different capsicum variety intercropping, otherness according to different capsicum variety plant heights, disease resistance, resistance to insects, compare with three kinds of capsicum nonocultures, different capsicum variety intercropping cultures, make the control efficiency of capsicum epidemic disease reach 76～89%, the control efficiency of capsicum oriental tobacco budworm reaches 73～91%.Capsicum main diseases insect pest incidence significantly declines, particular significant effect.Improved the output (output 44370.39 > of a kind are the output 39092.83=(75235.51+37529.41+4513.58 of plantation separately)/3 of capsicum, in Table 1) and quality, increase substantially production efficiency, reached the object of the good quality and high output plantation of capsicum.
No pesticide grown in the whole planting process of capsicum, capsicum epidemic disease and the capsicum oriental tobacco budworm of investigation capsicum, calculate sick (worm) feelings exponential sum control efficiency:
Sick (worm) feelings index=100 * ∑ (diseases at different levels (worm) strain number * typical values at different levels)/(investigating total strain number * highest typical value)
Control efficiency (%)=(sick (worm) feelings of the sick refer to-processed group of (worm) feelings of control group refer to) sick (worm) feelings of/processed group index * 100
The impact of the different implantation methods of table 1 on yield of hot pepper, disease (worm) feelings index
| Process | Yield of hot pepper (kg/hm 2) | Capsicum disease index | Capsicum oriental tobacco budworm index |
| 1 | 75235.51 | 18.58 | 9.55 |
| 2 | 37529.41 | 11.52 | 4.72 |
| 3 | 4513.58 | 9.32 | 4.03 |
| 4 | 44370.39 | 8.21 | 3.75 |
1: the especially big ox horn king of nonoculture U.S. capsicum; 2: nonoculture agriculture green pepper No.; 3: nonoculture capsicum annum fasciculatum; 4: the especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No. one and capsicum annum fasciculatum intercropping.
Various embodiment provided by the invention combination mutually in any way as required, the technical scheme obtaining by this combination, also within the scope of the invention.
The present invention is carried out various changes and modification and do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, if of the present invention these are revised and within modification belongs to the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention also comprises these changes and modification interior.
Claims (3)
1. an implantation methods for continuous cropping obstacles and disease and pest control is alleviated in different capsicum variety intercropping, it is characterized in that comprising by growing height, the capsicum intercropping that disease-resistant, resistance to insects is different; There is growing height difference in selected capsicum variety, according to the intercropping that circulates successively of the growing height of capsicum; Plot furrow face width 170cm, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm; Every furrow six row, line-spacing 34cm, cave is apart from 25-30cm; The capsicum of every furrow intercropping different cultivars.
2. the implantation methods of continuous cropping obstacle and disease and pest control is alleviated in different capsicum variety intercropping according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: implantation methods specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) grow seedlings
1. select full seed, the growing height of the same size capsicum variety seed combination different with disease resistance;
2. seed is exposed to the sun 2 days at sunlight, liquor potassic permanganate that mass fraction is 0.15% soaks pepper seed 15～20 minutes, 55 ℃ of water seed soakings 10 minutes, and vernalization under 25 ℃～30 ℃ conditions, after 4～5 days, sowing after the seed until 65～75% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
3. carry out seedbed, fill with vola water, seed and sand mix, and are evenly spread across on seedbed, cover the thick fine earth of one deck 0.5～1cm, then covered with plastic film hut heat moisturizing;
(2) seedbed management
After planting in warm canopy, keep 25～30 ℃ of daytime temperatures, at 18～20 ℃ of nights, will there be sufficient water supply in seedbed, but can not be excessively wet; When pepper seedling height is 6～7cm according to growing way and the weather temperature hardening of suitably ventilating; As capsicum plant height 15-20cm, there is 8-10 sheet leaf and can transplant;
(3) whole ground field planting
Ploughed deeply, be exposed to the sun, ridging, weed a garden in plantation plot, plot furrow face width 170cm, furrow width 30cm, dark 25cm;
During field planting, select robust growth, well developed root system, without the capsicum of damage by disease and insect, transplant, every furrow six row, line-spacing 34cm, cave is apart from 25-30cm, 1～2 strain of every cave, every mu of 8000-9000 strain; The capsicum Yi Qiwei unit of different cultivars, according to the growing height intercropping successively of capsicum;
(4) management after field planting
Conventional field management, gather.
3. the implantation methods of continuous cropping obstacle and disease and pest control is alleviated in different capsicum variety intercropping according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described growing height capsicum variety seed group different with disease resistance in step (1) is combined into the combination of 3 kinds of capsicum variety seeds of the especially big ox horn king of U.S. capsicum, agriculture green pepper No. one and capsicum annum fasciculatum.
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