CN102124924B

CN102124924B - Method for planting organic rice

Info

Publication number: CN102124924B
Application number: CN2011100075697A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘祥臣; 卢兆成; 丰大清; 赵海英
Original assignee: XINYANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE INST
Current assignee: XINYANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE INST
Priority date: 2011-01-14
Filing date: 2011-01-14
Publication date: 2013-03-06
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-14
Also published as: CN102124924A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting organic rice. The method comprises the following steps of: planting milk vetch, namely sowing 3.0 to 3.5kg of milk vetch seeds on each mu of land; after the milk vetch enters the initial bloom stage, ploughing and dry-hallowing the land to ensure that the milk vetch is cut into pieces and fully mixed with soil, drying in the sun for 1 to 2 days, and then irrigating water to ret green manure, wherein the retting time is 15 to 20 days; performing land preparation, namely reclaiming ditches to make rectangular land pieces after the land is flattened and the mud is molten; leveling the surfaces of the rectangular land pieces, paving films on the surfaces of the rectangular land pieces, and punching on the surfaces of the rectangular land pieces on which the films are paved after the films are paved for 1 to 3 days; planting rice seedlings in holes of the surfaces of the rectangular land pieces; keeping the rice field in a moistened state, namely keeping water which is lower than the surfaces of the rectangular land pieces in the ditches; and draining away the water and drying the field in the sun 8 to 12 days before the harvest. The method for planting the organic rice has the advantages that: the problem of organic fertilizers can be effectively solved, no weed is grown, plant diseases and insect pests are avoided, planting labor and planting cost are not increased, the high drought-resistant effect is achieved, the management is simple and convenient, the adaptability is strong, and the method is safe and reliable.

Description

Method for planting organic rice

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of paddy implantation methods, specifically, relate to a kind of method for planting organic rice.

Background technology

At present, the production method of organic rice has multiple, but all in various degree exist poor because of fertilizer deficiency growing way, yield poorly, the serious problem such as uncontrollable of sick Chinese caterpillar fungus harm.

For this reason, people are seeking a kind of applicable solution always.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and can effectively solve organic manure, without weed growth, disease is light, insect pest is few, output is high, do not increase plantation recruitment and planting cost, good drought resistance function, simple and convenient management are arranged, adaptable, safe and reliable method for planting organic rice.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows: a kind of method for planting organic rice, and it may further comprise the steps:

Step 1, plantation Chinese milk vetch: the plantation Chinese milk vetch, every mu is broadcasted sowing 3.0～3.5 kilograms of Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds;

Step 2, retting green manure: treat that Chinese milk vetch enters initial bloom stage, turn over, the dry harrowing soil, make the Chinese milk vetch chopping and fully mix with soil, shine after 1～2 day, the retting of pouring water green manure, the retting time is 15～20 days;

Step 3, the bedding of whole ground: whole ground, after the flat mud in field melts, open the bedding of furrow ditch;

Step 4, overlay film punching: smooth furrow face, at furrow face upper berth film, spread film after 1～3 day, punch at the furrow face that is equipped with film;

Step 5, rice transplanting: rice shoot is planted in the hole of furrow face;

Step 6, water management: keep the Dressing Moist Rice Field state, namely keep in the furrow ditch water being arranged, water did not flood the furrow face;

Step 7, dry field, results: gathered in the crops draining, dry field, results front 8～12 days;

Step 8, recovery film: after the results, receive clean film.

Based on above-mentioned, in step 1, in Chinese milk vetch sowing, the process of emerging, but waterflooding was soaked 1～2 day.

Based on above-mentioned, in step 3, in the whole ground process, every mu of fertilizer of executing 1～5 side's harmless treatment.

Based on above-mentioned, in step 3, the wide 1.5m of furrow, furrow furrow width 0.2m.

Based on above-mentioned, in step 4, adopt the method for rolling film bundle to spread film, require film to be close to furrow face earth, do not stay bubble.

Based on above-mentioned, in step 4, punch apart from 0.35m according to line-spacing 0.35m, nest, every nest is made a call to 3 holes, and 3 holes are the equilateral triangle that the length of side is 0.1m, and the wrong nest of adjacent two row.

The present invention has outstanding substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement with respect to prior art, and specifically, this method for planting organic rice has the following advantages:

1, according to research both at home and abroad, the growth of paddy is just needing pure N, and can discharge N fertilizer after the Chinese milk vetch retting, Chinese milk vetch usually year per mu yield is bright careless below 2000～3000kg, the fertilizer that produces after the retting contains pure N4.8～7.2kg, substantially can be suitable for the needs of organic rice plantation, be beneficial to the growth of organic rice; Facts have proved, Chinese milk vetch is a kind of important green manure, is a kind of good preceding crop that promotes organic rice plantation cost performance;

2, in this organic rice planting process, strictly with reference to standard GB/T/T19630.1～4-2005, do not use any chemosynthesis material, take the green manure crop Chinese milk vetch as the main source of manure, use plastic mulching cultivation technology, and utilize overlay film to eliminate weeds harm, utilize the healthy and strong growing way opposing disease of paddy rice and reduce pest damage, although present technique has been used film large Tanaka, film can not be absorbed by rice root, can not enter and do in the object, therefore can the quality of organic rice not exerted an influence; During results as long as stubble height is no more than 0.1m, can the clean residual film of disposable receipts, approximately need 120～140 days from plastic film mulch to reclaiming residual film, degraded can not occur and enters soil and pollute in plastic sheeting for farm use during this;

3, in the situation that film covers, general weeds are to be difficult to the bursting film growth out, namely adopt the method, and the weeding recruitment can be saved greatly almost without weeds in the rice field; For this method, be mainly to prevent that the weeds the seedbed from bringing the land for growing field crops into, a small amount of weeds are generally removed with physical method and get final product in the ditch;

4, because the heating with early reflection daylight, reduced field humidity of film, paddy rice early sends out stalwartness, growth potential is strong, base portion cane degree of lignification is high, and germ, insect are difficult for invading and cause harm, in the no pesticide grown situation, the natural enemy of Field Pests increases, form a metastable ecological balanced system, the biological mutually containing in various fields, sick worm to paddy rice almost without endangering; Not only effectively control weeds behind the film covered rice, also because the paddy rice growing way is vigorous, has createed and be unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows and be conducive to the ecotope of all kinds of natural enemies procreation, sick worm defensive ability/resistance ability has been strengthened, need not agricultural chemicals weeding prevention and elimination of disease and pests.

Embodiment

For further instruction characteristics of the present invention, now provide embodiment:

A kind of method for planting organic rice, it may further comprise the steps:

Step 1, plantation Chinese milk vetch: in the mid or late September of the previous year, the plantation Chinese milk vetch, every mu is broadcasted sowing 3.0～3.5 kilograms of Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds; In the Chinese milk vetch process of growth, if when soil moisture content is not enough, but waterflooding was soaked 1～2 day;

Step 2, retting green manure: at early and middle ten days in annual April, treat that Chinese milk vetch enters initial bloom stage, turn over, the dry harrowing soil, make the Chinese milk vetch chopping and fully mix with soil, shine after 1～2 day, the retting of pouring water green manure, the retting time is 15～20 days;

Step 3, the bedding of whole ground: after the band Chinese milk vetch was fully become thoroughly decomposed, the bedding of furrow ditch after the flat mud in field melts, was opened in whole ground, wherein, and the wide 1.5m of furrow, furrow furrow width 0.2m; In the whole ground process, every mu of fertilizer of executing 1～5 side's harmless treatment is conducive to volume increase;

Step 4, overlay film punching: smooth furrow face, adopt the method for rolling film bundle to spread film at the furrow face, require film to be close to furrow face earth, do not stay bubble, film adopts the wide high-quality one-level film of 1.7m; Spread film after 1～3 day, punch at the furrow face that is equipped with film, punch apart from 0.35m according to line-spacing 0.35m, nest, every nest is made a call to 3 holes, and 3 holes are the equilateral triangle that the length of side is 0.1m, and the wrong nest punching of adjacent two row;

Step 5, rice transplanting: rice shoot is planted in the hole of furrow face; When playing seedling, along rice shoot bottom grafter, the general thick soil of rice shoot band 2cm is rejected weeds with flat shovel, is planted in to complete on the furrow face that film has openning hole, should be in overcast and rainy or sunny day transplanting in afternoon;

Step 6, water management: keep the Dressing Moist Rice Field state, keep that namely half ditch-water is arranged in the furrow ditch, water did not flood the furrow face; Except growing way cross prosperous, generally without dry field;

Step 7, dry field, results: gathered in the crops front 8～12 days, the draining dry field gets final product; In time gather in the crops after ripe, usually use the hand harvest; In time remove residual film on the field after the harvesting, plant immediately upper Chinese milk vetch, with the plantation organic rice of waiting for the coming year.

Kind is selected, seedling: be advisable with local main breed, can not use transformed variety, preferably can stronger resistance be arranged to local Major Diseases, take into account simultaneously high-quality and high yield, suitable early sowing; Seedling raising method has multiple, and through comparing, with the Miao Zuizhuan that non-irrigated seedling raising method is bred, resistance is best; Medium for dry breeding of seedling bed should be selected hidding and sunny side, cleanliness without any pollution, the place of irrigation and drainage, convenient management, the autumn turns over anti-upturned soil and freezes solarization, meticulous whole seedbed, with good conditionsi enrich fully become thoroughly decomposed through fertilizer 2～5 sides of harmless treatment/mu seedbed; Usually, in annual early April sowing, water the water of revealing the exact details before the sowing, sprinkle the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally through vernalization, 100～150g/m ², to pat and bury, 0.5～1cm dry ground is covered on the surface again, buckles well film, the hardening of progressively ventilating behind 2 leaves, 1 heart.

Economic cost analysis: with regard to throwing worker and the input of present technique, produce with current common hybrid rice and to compare, the results are shown in Table 1 and table 2, wherein, the numerical value that ordinary skill is corresponding is mean value in 2009 and 2010:

Table 1: the throwing worker difference of present technique and ordinary skill (unit: individual/mu)

From table 1, owing to being convenient to rice transplanting after the overlay film punching, slightly economize than ordinary skill; On the fertilising link, because ordinary skill will enrich 2～3 times and topdress, need 1.5 workers, and present technique only applies fertilizer to the subsoil as required, namely fertilizer does not even need fertilising, so need 0～1.5 worker, does not increase workload; On the weeding link, ordinary skill utilizes weed killer herbicide, basically just can reach desirable effect one time, and present technique needs 0.5 worker just can finish owing to bringing weeds in barnyard grass and the ditch during rice transplanting into usually; In water management, ordinary skill will repeatedly be poured water, and present technique is only just wanted moisturizing when arid especially.See on the whole, compare with the common rice production method, adopt present technique not increase labor inputs, reduced on the contrary labor inputs;

Table 2: the input of present technique and ordinary skill/income is (unit: unit/mu) relatively

	Film	Draw water	Fertilizer	Agricultural chemicals	Plough	The total input	Output (kg)
								Ordinary skill	0	30	115	40	80	265	550
2009	70	12.5	20	0	120	222.5	545
								2010	70	10	30	0	120	230	555

As can be seen from Table 2, present technique has increased the film expense, but saved the expense of drawing water, without chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, according to circumstances changed organic fertilizer, increased the arable land expense because turning over the broken Chinese milk vetch of rake, so do not increase generally expense, although output does not have significant change, the market price of organic rice will be far above common paddy, from the cost performance angle, present technique has advantages of outstanding; The plantation Chinese milk vetch, every mu of input that will increase by 0.5 worker and 30 yuan, but compare with ordinary skill, still do not increase the input of recruitment and expense.

Through for many years plantation practice, present technique moves to maturity, it can effectively solve the problem of fertilizer and weeding, damage by disease and insect also there is preferably control action, does not increase recruitment and cost, at dry year preferably drought resistance function is arranged, simple and convenient management, adaptable, safe and reliable, have the advantages that output is high, product are of fine quality.

Should be noted that at last: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can make amendment or the part technical characterictic is equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention; And not breaking away from the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the technical scheme scope that the present invention asks for protection.

Claims

1. a method for planting organic rice is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps:

Step 5, rice transplanting: rice shoot is planted in the hole of furrow face;

Step 8, recovery film: after the results, receive clean film.

2. method for planting organic rice according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step 1, in Chinese milk vetch sowing, the process of emerging, waterflooding was soaked 1～2 day.

3. method for planting organic rice according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step 3, and in the whole ground process, the every mu of fertilizer that can execute 1～5 side's harmless treatment.

4. according to claim 1 or 3 described method for planting organic rices, it is characterized in that: in step 3, the wide 1.5m of furrow, furrow furrow width 0.2m.

5. method for planting organic rice according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step 4, adopt the method for rolling film bundle to spread film, require film to be close to furrow face earth, do not stay bubble.

6. method for planting organic rice according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: in step 4, punch apart from 0.35m according to line-spacing 0.35m, nest, every nest is made a call to 3 holes, and 3 holes are the equilateral triangle that the length of side is 0.1m, and the wrong nest of adjacent two row.