CN102017880A - Double-film dry raising and seedling strengthening method for machine-transplanted rice - Google Patents
Double-film dry raising and seedling strengthening method for machine-transplanted rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN102017880A CN102017880A CN2010105243092A CN201010524309A CN102017880A CN 102017880 A CN102017880 A CN 102017880A CN 2010105243092 A CN2010105243092 A CN 2010105243092A CN 201010524309 A CN201010524309 A CN 201010524309A CN 102017880 A CN102017880 A CN 102017880A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-film dry raising and seedling strengthening method for machine-transplanted rice, which comprises the following steps of: reserving enough paddy field according to a ratio of the paddy field to the field of 1:80-100, laying porous a mulching film on the paddy field, laying bed soil with the thickness of 2.0 to 2.5cm on the porous mulching film, seeding on the bed soil, covering soil, covering a film, adopting dry raising and dry management in a seedling period, and adopting manual cutting and mechanical planting during transplant. The method has the characteristics that the method is low in investment and cost, easy to operate, convenient to manage, is easily learned by farmers and the like; and through the double-film dry raising, the seedling age flexibility of machine-transplanted seedlings is improved, the quality of the seedlings is ensured, the seedlings are more suitable to be transplanted by a machine in the aspects of plant height and form indexes, the transplanting injury resistance and rooting ability of the seedlings are enhanced and the method is favorable for the high yield of the rice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating technique, be specifically related to the two film droughts of a kind of machine-transplanted rice and educate strong seedling method.
Technical background
Between twenty and fifty labour shifts to the city along with the rural area, be engaged in agriculture age of personnel of rural area increases day by day, educational level and scientific and technological quality are downward trend year by year, labour-intensive planting types such as traditional hand rice transplanting and rice transplanting more and more can not get peasant's approval, and machine transplanting of rice seedling is because labour intensity is little, efficient is high, socialized service system degree height more and more is subjected to liking of peasant.But traditional machine transplanting of rice plastic floppy disk seedling raising method, owing to reasons such as suitable seedling age is short, the seedling operation link is many, specification requirement height, the general masses are difficult to cultivate into qualified healthy and strong rice shoot, have postponed turning green alive after planting, and finally influence the raising of unit yield.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide the two film droughts of a kind of machine-transplanted rice to educate strong seedling method, from improving seedling quality and reducing operation link, raise the efficiency the aspect and set about, solve all weak points that the traditional soft plate seedling raising exists on producing, have characteristics such as small investment, cost are low, simple to operate, convenient management, efficiency height.
Technical solution of the present invention is: stop seedling plate field in the seedling plate field and the area ratio in land for growing field crops for the ratio of 1:80～100, the porose mulch film of tiling on seedling plate field, the bed soil of lay thickness 2.0cm-2.5cm on the porose mulch film, coverlay behind bed soil upper seeding wheel blinding, seeding stage adopts drought to educate the drought pipe, takes artificial stripping and slicing, machinery to plant during transplanting.
The two film droughts of machine-transplanted rice of the present invention are educated strong seedling method and are comprised following concrete steps:
(1) seed selection of basking seeds: select that local agricultural sector is recommended, be fit to high yield, stable yields, fine quality that local mechanization is planted, the l～2d that basks seeds before the seed soaking improves germination rate, germination vigor, and the seed that awns is arranged is taken off awns earlier; Adopt selection by winnowing or proportion to be sorting seed by salt water l.06～1.12, should eluriate with clear water immediately after sorting seed by salt water, remove the outer salt of husk, that directly selects the commodity kind for use does not need selection by winnowing or salt choosing;
(2) presoaking and germinating: before seed soaking, carry out germination test, guarantee that percentage of seedgermination reaches 90%, germination vigor reaches more than 85%, by relevant seed soaking medicament instructions for use seed soaking, seed soaking time length is decided on temperature, general long-grained nonglutinous rice seed soaks foot 60 subsists, and the japonica rice seed soaks foot 80 and subsists; The seed that suctions moisture is carried out high temperature preserves moisture to broken chest, temperature is controlled at 35 ℃～38 ℃, keep upper and lower, the inside and outside temperature unanimity of grain mass, turn in case of necessity seed rice is heated evenly, promote that broken chest is neatly rapid, the vernalization standard reaches 90% for the broken chest rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the rearmounted shady and cool place of vernalization, airing refining bud 4.0h～6.0h;
(3) bed soil is selected: select the loose ground, vegetable garden of fertile soil, farming slaking the nonirrigated farmland or through autumn ploughing, winter turn over, the topsoil in the rice field of spring harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil, should there be hard impurity in the soil, weeds, germ are few, and rich clay, sandy soil and pH value surpass 7.8 field piece soil should not make bed soil, every 666.7m
2Machine transplanting of rice land for growing field crops is equipped with bed soil: long-grained nonglutinous rice 60kg(0.07m
3), japonica rice 100kg (0.13m
3);
(4) bed earth culture fertilizer: directly use the bed soil that fertile loose ground, vegetable garden the is got back of sieving, and other suitable soil should be fostered and apply fertilizer according to soil fertility and agriculture requirement, evenly mixes green No. 3 seedling strengthen agents of the non-irrigated seedling of 0.5kg at the every 100kg bed soil in back that sieves;
(5) make the seedling plate: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination is sufficient, fertile soil, fortune seedling make things convenient for the plot to do the rice seedling bed, the rice seedling bed is 1:80～100 with the area ratio in land for growing field crops, the 10-15d essence is done the seedling plate before broadcasting, the wide 140cm of seedling plate, the wide 25.0cm of field ditch, dark 15.0cm, the plate face is smooth smooth, opens all around to enclose ditch and guarantee that water system is unimpeded, the plate face is moistening, heavy in fact during sowing, the people can stand, and do not have the footprint that sink, seedling plate difference of height should be no more than 1.0cm, and difference of height should be no more than 0.5cm in the 3m seedling plate;
(6) shop film shop soil: tiling punching mulch film on the seedling plate, and along seedling plate both sides fixing batten, punching mulch film lay neatly and with the bed surface driving fit; The ready bed soil of spreading is also wipeed off, and soil thickness and seedling plate both sides batten consistency of thickness are 2cm～2.5cm, and bed soil requires thickness uniform soil face smooth; Mulch film is thin agricultural polyethylene film, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 1.5m, long 4.2m, before the seedling mulch film is punched, and is about to mulch film and fitly twists on the plank of length and width, the thick 150cm of being respectively, 15cm, 5cm the punching of ruling then, pitch-row 3.0cm * 4.0cm, aperture 0.2cm～0.3cm;
(7) moisturizing sterilization: sowing the previous day irritate flat ditch-water, treat the fully draining rapidly after the moisture absorption of bed soil, or prior to seeding directly with the watering can watering, soil moisture content reaches 85%～90% during sowing; In early rice seedling and cold in the late spring prone areas, for preventing sprout term diseases such as damping off, every 1m
3Bed soil is used 65% fenaminosulf 50g～60g and is converted water and carry out disinfection for 1000～1500 times;
(8) sowing earthing: claim to plant the every m of conventional japonica rice by seedling plate field
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 750g～950g; The every m of hybrid rice
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 500g～700g; Will claim to plant by furrow during sowing, gradation be carefully broadcast, even broadcasting; After planting cover the thick 0.3cm～0.5cm of seed soil, be as the criterion with drowning bud paddy; Note to use without the fine earth that sieves of fostering and apply fertilizer, can not be with the nutrition soil that is mixed with seedling strengthen agent; Can not sprinkle water again after lid seed soil spreads, emerge to prevent to show the soil influence of hardening.；
(9) envelope membrane cover grass: coverlay on the lid seed soil, and it is real to obturage all around, evenly adds a cover straw on the face, and thickness is advisable cannot see epiphragma, and temperature in the shed is controlled at 28 ℃～35 ℃; Put a thin reed along the seedling plate every 50cm～60cm, cause vexed kind in case epiphragma is pasted with bed soil; Hold the breach that discharges water successfully around the rice seedling bed, avoid seeding stage rainfall rice seedling bed ponding, cause mashed bud; Epiphragma is a light transmission polyethylene film preferably, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 2m, long 4.2m.
(10) take off the film hardening: take off the film hardening time at Qi Miaohou, when imperfect leaf to the 1 leaf is extracted out, promptly broadcast back 3d～5d and take off the film hardening; Fine taking off at dusk, take off the morning at cloudy day, takes off before the light rain rain, takes off behind the heavy rain rain; If meet cold current low temperature, should postpone and take off film, and accomplish to take off day and cover night, can suitably postpone when minimum temperature is lower than 12 ℃ when taking off film and taking off the film time;
(11) science Guan Shui: irritate flat ditch-water when taking off film, the lack of water moisturizing keeps bed soil moistening, irritates once sufficient water when promptly taking off film, and the seedling ditch is cleared up in the bed soil back discharging of spreading and sinking in, or adopt and spray moisturizing simultaneously, and the maintenance water system is unimpeded, guarantees that the rainy day rice seedling bed do not have ponding; The seedling bed is done and is turned white, or fine noon, leaf roll appearred in rice shoot, and flat ditch-water is irritated in the plot that concentrate in the rice seedling bed, and it is wet that scattered seedling takes watering sooner or later to mend; Early spring, the stubble seedling ran into than strong cold air invasion and attack, irritate water seedling-protection by the waist, treated after the improvements that temperature is stable to change water again and keep a full stand of seedings, and prevented that hypothermal injury root and difference variation are excessive and caused seedling rot and dead seedling; Temperature normal back draining in time is ventilative, improves rice shoot root system vigor; 3d before transplanting～5d control water hardening promotes the rice shoot packing, increases seedling piece pulling force, is convenient to roll up the seedling machine transplanting of rice.
(12) execute to send and transfer fertilizer: carry out after fine earth fosters and apply fertilizer with non-irrigated seedling is green, generally speaking, except that the fertilizer of getting married, do not apply fertilizer seedling stage, too fast as seedling growth, sprays paclobutrazol 60～80 grams of mass concentration 15% every mu of 2 leaf phase; 3d～4d before transplanting, mu is converted water 100kg～150kg with urea 1kg～1.5kg and is sprayed; Drape over one's shoulders seedling as the leaf look under the dark green and blade, be sure not fertilising, take to control the water measure and improve seedling matter;
(13) disease control: nursery period main diseases insect pest has small brown rice planthopper, rice thrips, banded sclerotial blight, seedling seasonal febrile diseases etc., particularly want the keypoint control small brown rice planthopper, in case infect stripe virus disease virus, rice shoot 2 leaf after dates should be kept a close eye on damage by disease and insect, and a situation arises, the medication of in time suiting the medicine to the illness prevents and treats, before transplanting, carry out a chemical control in 1～2 day, be with land for growing field crops under the medicine;
(14) stripping and slicing is transplanted: with cutting knife with cut the specification of seedling frame and be cut into the right angle pane by wide 27.9cm, long 58cm, carefully roll, it is to be inserted to transport to the edge of a field; In fortune seedling process, should note rolling up seedling and stack the number of plies and be advisable with 3 layers, too much unsuitable, be strictly on guard against the distortion of seedling piece, the unfavorable machine transplanting of rice.
The present invention educates the seedling age elasticity of realizing prolonging suitable machine transplanting of rice seedling by two film droughts, guarantee seedling quality, on plant height and morphological index, be more suitable for the machine transplanting of rice, rice shoot anti-plants the ability of wound and rooting ability is enhanced, more help capturing rice high yield, especially be fit to rice wheat crop rotation two crops a year rice workspaces such as Soviet Union, Anhui, Henan, wash rice, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Shandong.
Embodiment
Further specify technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiment can not be interpreted as it is restriction to technical solution.
Embodiment 1: comply with the seedling of following concrete steps drought:
(1) seed selection of basking seeds: select that local agricultural sector is recommended, be fit to high yield, stable yields, fine quality that local mechanization is planted, the l～2d that basks seeds before the seed soaking improves germination rate, germination vigor, and the seed that awns is arranged is taken off awns earlier; Adopt selection by winnowing or proportion to be sorting seed by salt water l.06, should eluriate with clear water immediately after sorting seed by salt water, remove the outer salt of husk, that directly selects the commodity kind for use does not need selection by winnowing or salt choosing;
(2) presoaking and germinating: before seed soaking, carry out germination test, guarantee that percentage of seedgermination reaches 90%, germination vigor reaches more than 85%, by relevant seed soaking medicament instructions for use seed soaking, seed soaking time length is decided on temperature, general long-grained nonglutinous rice seed soaks foot 60 subsists, and the japonica rice seed soaks foot 80 and subsists; The seed that suctions moisture is carried out high temperature preserves moisture to broken chest, temperature is controlled at 35 ℃～38 ℃, keep upper and lower, the inside and outside temperature unanimity of grain mass, turn in case of necessity seed rice is heated evenly, promote that broken chest is neatly rapid, the vernalization standard reaches 90% for the broken chest rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the rearmounted shady and cool place of vernalization, airing refining bud 4.0h;
(3) bed soil is selected: select the loose ground, vegetable garden of fertile soil, farming slaking the nonirrigated farmland or through autumn ploughing, winter turn over, the topsoil in the rice field of spring harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil, should there be hard impurity in the soil, weeds, germ are few, and rich clay, sandy soil and pH value surpass 7.8 field piece soil should not make bed soil, every 666.7m
2Machine transplanting of rice land for growing field crops is equipped with bed soil: long-grained nonglutinous rice 60kg(0.07m
3), japonica rice 100kg (0.13m
3);
(4) bed earth culture fertilizer: directly use the bed soil that fertile loose ground, vegetable garden the is got back of sieving, and other suitable soil should be fostered and apply fertilizer according to soil fertility and agriculture requirement, evenly mixes green No. 3 seedling strengthen agents of the non-irrigated seedling of 0.5kg at the every 100kg bed soil in back that sieves;
(5) make the seedling plate: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination is sufficient, fertile soil, fortune seedling make things convenient for the plot to do the rice seedling bed, the rice seedling bed is 1:80 with the area ratio in land for growing field crops, the 10d essence is done the seedling plate before broadcasting, the wide 140cm of seedling plate, the wide 25.0cm of field ditch, dark 15.0cm, the plate face is smooth smooth, opens all around to enclose ditch and guarantee that water system is unimpeded, the plate face is moistening, heavy in fact during sowing, the people can stand, and do not have the footprint that sink, seedling plate difference of height should be no more than 1.0cm, and difference of height should be no more than 0.5cm in the 3m seedling plate;
(6) shop film shop soil: tiling punching mulch film on the seedling plate, and along seedling plate both sides fixing batten, punching mulch film lay neatly and with the bed surface driving fit; The ready bed soil of spreading is also wipeed off, and soil thickness and seedling plate both sides batten consistency of thickness are 2cm～2.5cm, and bed soil requires thickness uniform soil face smooth; Mulch film is thin agricultural polyethylene film, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 1.5m, long 4.2m, before the seedling mulch film is punched, and is about to mulch film and fitly twists on the plank of length and width, the thick 150cm of being respectively, 15cm, 5cm the punching of ruling then, pitch-row 3.0cm * 4.0cm, aperture 0.2cm～0.3cm;
(7) moisturizing sterilization: sowing the previous day irritate flat ditch-water, treat the fully draining rapidly after the moisture absorption of bed soil, or prior to seeding directly with the watering can watering, soil moisture content reaches 85%～90% during sowing; In early rice seedling and cold in the late spring prone areas, for preventing sprout term diseases such as damping off, every 1m
3Bed soil is used 65% fenaminosulf 50g and is converted water and carry out disinfection for 1000 times;
(8) sowing earthing: claim to plant the every m of conventional japonica rice by seedling plate field
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 750g; The every m of hybrid rice
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 500g; Will claim to plant by furrow during sowing, gradation be carefully broadcast, even broadcasting; After planting cover the thick 0.3cm～0.5cm of seed soil, be as the criterion with drowning bud paddy; Note to use without the fine earth that sieves of fostering and apply fertilizer, can not be with the nutrition soil that is mixed with seedling strengthen agent; Can not sprinkle water again after lid seed soil spreads, emerge to prevent to show the soil influence of hardening.；
(9) envelope membrane cover grass: coverlay on the lid seed soil, and it is real to obturage all around, evenly adds a cover straw on the face, and thickness is advisable cannot see epiphragma, and temperature in the shed is controlled at 28 ℃～35 ℃; Put a thin reed along the seedling plate every 50cm～60cm, cause vexed kind in case epiphragma is pasted with bed soil; Hold the breach that discharges water successfully around the rice seedling bed, avoid seeding stage rainfall rice seedling bed ponding, cause mashed bud; Epiphragma is a light transmission polyethylene film preferably, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 2m, long 4.2m.
(10) take off the film hardening: take off the film hardening time at Qi Miaohou, when imperfect leaf to the 1 leaf is extracted out, promptly broadcast back 3d～5d and take off the film hardening; Fine taking off at dusk, take off the morning at cloudy day, takes off before the light rain rain, takes off behind the heavy rain rain; If meet cold current low temperature, should postpone and take off film, and accomplish to take off day and cover night, can suitably postpone when minimum temperature is lower than 12 ℃ when taking off film and taking off the film time;
(11) science Guan Shui: irritate flat ditch-water when taking off film, the lack of water moisturizing keeps bed soil moistening, irritates once sufficient water when promptly taking off film, and the seedling ditch is cleared up in the bed soil back discharging of spreading and sinking in, or adopt and spray moisturizing simultaneously, and the maintenance water system is unimpeded, guarantees that the rainy day rice seedling bed do not have ponding; The seedling bed is done and is turned white, or fine noon, leaf roll appearred in rice shoot, and flat ditch-water is irritated in the plot that concentrate in the rice seedling bed, and it is wet that scattered seedling takes watering sooner or later to mend; Early spring, the stubble seedling ran into than strong cold air invasion and attack, irritate water seedling-protection by the waist, treated after the improvements that temperature is stable to change water again and keep a full stand of seedings, and prevented that hypothermal injury root and difference variation are excessive and caused seedling rot and dead seedling; Temperature normal back draining in time is ventilative, improves rice shoot root system vigor; 3d before transplanting～5d control water hardening promotes the rice shoot packing, increases seedling piece pulling force, is convenient to roll up the seedling machine transplanting of rice.
(12) execute to send and transfer fertilizer: carry out after fine earth fosters and apply fertilizer with non-irrigated seedling is green, generally speaking, except that the fertilizer of getting married, do not apply fertilizer seedling stage, too fast as seedling growth, sprays paclobutrazol 60 grams of mass concentration 15% every mu of 2 leaf phase; 3d～4d before transplanting, mu is converted water 100kg with urea 1kg and is sprayed; Drape over one's shoulders seedling as the leaf look under the dark green and blade, be sure not fertilising, take to control the water measure and improve seedling matter;
(13) disease control: nursery period main diseases insect pest has small brown rice planthopper, rice thrips, banded sclerotial blight, seedling seasonal febrile diseases etc., particularly want the keypoint control small brown rice planthopper, in case infect stripe virus disease virus, rice shoot 2 leaf after dates should be kept a close eye on damage by disease and insect, and a situation arises, the medication of in time suiting the medicine to the illness prevents and treats, before transplanting, carry out a chemical control in 1～2 day, be with land for growing field crops under the medicine;
(14) stripping and slicing is transplanted: with cutting knife with cut the specification of seedling frame and be cut into the right angle pane by wide 27.9cm, long 58cm, carefully roll, it is to be inserted to transport to the edge of a field; In fortune seedling process, should note rolling up seedling and stack the number of plies and be advisable with 3 layers, too much unsuitable, be strictly on guard against the distortion of seedling piece, the unfavorable machine transplanting of rice.
Embodiment 2: comply with the seedling of following concrete steps drought:
(1) seed selection of basking seeds: select that local agricultural sector is recommended, be fit to high yield, stable yields, fine quality that local mechanization is planted, the l～2d that basks seeds before the seed soaking improves germination rate, germination vigor, and the seed that awns is arranged is taken off awns earlier; Adopt selection by winnowing or proportion to be sorting seed by salt water l.09, should eluriate with clear water immediately after sorting seed by salt water, remove the outer salt of husk, that directly selects the commodity kind for use does not need selection by winnowing or salt choosing;
(2) presoaking and germinating: before seed soaking, carry out germination test, guarantee that percentage of seedgermination reaches 90%, germination vigor reaches more than 85%, by relevant seed soaking medicament instructions for use seed soaking, seed soaking time length is decided on temperature, general long-grained nonglutinous rice seed soaks foot 60 subsists, and the japonica rice seed soaks foot 80 and subsists; The seed that suctions moisture is carried out high temperature preserves moisture to broken chest, temperature is controlled at 35 ℃～38 ℃, keep upper and lower, the inside and outside temperature unanimity of grain mass, turn in case of necessity seed rice is heated evenly, promote that broken chest is neatly rapid, the vernalization standard reaches 90% for the broken chest rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the rearmounted shady and cool place of vernalization, airing refining bud 5.0h;
(3) bed soil is selected: select the loose ground, vegetable garden of fertile soil, farming slaking the nonirrigated farmland or through autumn ploughing, winter turn over, the topsoil in the rice field of spring harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil, should there be hard impurity in the soil, weeds, germ are few, and rich clay, sandy soil and pH value surpass 7.8 field piece soil should not make bed soil, every 666.7m
2Machine transplanting of rice land for growing field crops is equipped with bed soil: long-grained nonglutinous rice 60kg(0.07m
3), japonica rice 100kg (0.13m
3);
(4) bed earth culture fertilizer: directly use the bed soil that fertile loose ground, vegetable garden the is got back of sieving, and other suitable soil should be fostered and apply fertilizer according to soil fertility and agriculture requirement, evenly mixes green No. 3 seedling strengthen agents of the non-irrigated seedling of 0.5kg at the every 100kg bed soil in back that sieves;
(5) make the seedling plate: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination is sufficient, fertile soil, fortune seedling make things convenient for the plot to do the rice seedling bed, the rice seedling bed is 1:90 with the area ratio in land for growing field crops, the 12d essence is done the seedling plate before broadcasting, the wide 140cm of seedling plate, the wide 25.0cm of field ditch, dark 15.0cm, the plate face is smooth smooth, opens all around to enclose ditch and guarantee that water system is unimpeded, the plate face is moistening, heavy in fact during sowing, the people can stand, and do not have the footprint that sink, seedling plate difference of height should be no more than 1.0cm, and difference of height should be no more than 0.5cm in the 3m seedling plate;
(6) shop film shop soil: tiling punching mulch film on the seedling plate, and along seedling plate both sides fixing batten, punching mulch film lay neatly and with the bed surface driving fit; The ready bed soil of spreading is also wipeed off, and soil thickness and seedling plate both sides batten consistency of thickness are 2cm～2.5cm, and bed soil requires thickness uniform soil face smooth; Mulch film is thin agricultural polyethylene film, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 1.5m, long 4.2m, before the seedling mulch film is punched, and is about to mulch film and fitly twists on the plank of length and width, the thick 150cm of being respectively, 15cm, 5cm the punching of ruling then, pitch-row 3.0cm * 4.0cm, aperture 0.2cm～0.3cm;
(7) moisturizing sterilization: sowing the previous day irritate flat ditch-water, treat the fully draining rapidly after the moisture absorption of bed soil, or prior to seeding directly with the watering can watering, soil moisture content reaches 85%～90% during sowing; In early rice seedling and cold in the late spring prone areas, for preventing sprout term diseases such as damping off, every 1m
3Bed soil is used 65% fenaminosulf 55g and is converted water and carry out disinfection for 1250 times;
(8) sowing earthing: claim to plant the every m of conventional japonica rice by seedling plate field
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 850g; The every m of hybrid rice
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 600g; Will claim to plant by furrow during sowing, gradation be carefully broadcast, even broadcasting; After planting cover the thick 0.3cm～0.5cm of seed soil, be as the criterion with drowning bud paddy; Note to use without the fine earth that sieves of fostering and apply fertilizer, can not be with the nutrition soil that is mixed with seedling strengthen agent; Can not sprinkle water again after lid seed soil spreads, emerge to prevent to show the soil influence of hardening.；
(9) envelope membrane cover grass: coverlay on the lid seed soil, and it is real to obturage all around, evenly adds a cover straw on the face, and thickness is advisable cannot see epiphragma, and temperature in the shed is controlled at 28 ℃～35 ℃; Put a thin reed along the seedling plate every 50cm～60cm, cause vexed kind in case epiphragma is pasted with bed soil; Hold the breach that discharges water successfully around the rice seedling bed, avoid seeding stage rainfall rice seedling bed ponding, cause mashed bud; Epiphragma is a light transmission polyethylene film preferably, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 2m, long 4.2m.
(10) take off the film hardening: take off the film hardening time at Qi Miaohou, when imperfect leaf to the 1 leaf is extracted out, promptly broadcast back 3d～5d and take off the film hardening; Fine taking off at dusk, take off the morning at cloudy day, takes off before the light rain rain, takes off behind the heavy rain rain; If meet cold current low temperature, should postpone and take off film, and accomplish to take off day and cover night, can suitably postpone when minimum temperature is lower than 12 ℃ when taking off film and taking off the film time;
(11) science Guan Shui: irritate flat ditch-water when taking off film, the lack of water moisturizing keeps bed soil moistening, irritates once sufficient water when promptly taking off film, and the seedling ditch is cleared up in the bed soil back discharging of spreading and sinking in, or adopt and spray moisturizing simultaneously, and the maintenance water system is unimpeded, guarantees that the rainy day rice seedling bed do not have ponding; The seedling bed is done and is turned white, or fine noon, leaf roll appearred in rice shoot, and flat ditch-water is irritated in the plot that concentrate in the rice seedling bed, and it is wet that scattered seedling takes watering sooner or later to mend; Early spring, the stubble seedling ran into than strong cold air invasion and attack, irritate water seedling-protection by the waist, treated after the improvements that temperature is stable to change water again and keep a full stand of seedings, and prevented that hypothermal injury root and difference variation are excessive and caused seedling rot and dead seedling; Temperature normal back draining in time is ventilative, improves rice shoot root system vigor; 3d before transplanting～5d control water hardening promotes the rice shoot packing, increases seedling piece pulling force, is convenient to roll up the seedling machine transplanting of rice.
(12) execute to send and transfer fertilizer: carry out after fine earth fosters and apply fertilizer with non-irrigated seedling is green, generally speaking, except that the fertilizer of getting married, do not apply fertilizer seedling stage, too fast as seedling growth, sprays paclobutrazol 70 grams of mass concentration 15% every mu of 2 leaf phase; 3d～4d before transplanting, mu is converted water 125kg with urea 1.25kg and is sprayed; Drape over one's shoulders seedling as the leaf look under the dark green and blade, be sure not fertilising, take to control the water measure and improve seedling matter;
(13) disease control: nursery period main diseases insect pest has small brown rice planthopper, rice thrips, banded sclerotial blight, seedling seasonal febrile diseases etc., particularly want the keypoint control small brown rice planthopper, in case infect stripe virus disease virus, rice shoot 2 leaf after dates should be kept a close eye on damage by disease and insect, and a situation arises, the medication of in time suiting the medicine to the illness prevents and treats, before transplanting, carry out a chemical control in 1～2 day, be with land for growing field crops under the medicine;
(14) stripping and slicing is transplanted: with cutting knife with cut the specification of seedling frame and be cut into the right angle pane by wide 27.9cm, long 58cm, carefully roll, it is to be inserted to transport to the edge of a field; In fortune seedling process, should note rolling up seedling and stack the number of plies and be advisable with 3 layers, too much unsuitable, be strictly on guard against the distortion of seedling piece, the unfavorable machine transplanting of rice.
Embodiment 3: comply with the seedling of following concrete steps drought:
(1) seed selection of basking seeds: select that local agricultural sector is recommended, be fit to high yield, stable yields, fine quality that local mechanization is planted, the l～2d that basks seeds before the seed soaking improves germination rate, germination vigor, and the seed that awns is arranged is taken off awns earlier; Adopting selection by winnowing or proportion is 1.12 sort seed by salt water, and should eluriate with clear water immediately after sorting seed by salt water, and removes the outer salt of husk, and that directly selects the commodity kind for use does not need selection by winnowing or salt choosing;
(2) presoaking and germinating: before seed soaking, carry out germination test, guarantee that percentage of seedgermination reaches 90%, germination vigor reaches more than 85%, by relevant seed soaking medicament instructions for use seed soaking, seed soaking time length is decided on temperature, general long-grained nonglutinous rice seed soaks foot 60 subsists, and the japonica rice seed soaks foot 80 and subsists; The seed that suctions moisture is carried out high temperature preserves moisture to broken chest, temperature is controlled at 35 ℃～38 ℃, keep upper and lower, the inside and outside temperature unanimity of grain mass, turn in case of necessity seed rice is heated evenly, promote that broken chest is neatly rapid, the vernalization standard reaches 90% for the broken chest rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the rearmounted shady and cool place of vernalization, airing refining bud 6.0h;
(3) bed soil is selected: select the loose ground, vegetable garden of fertile soil, farming slaking the nonirrigated farmland or through autumn ploughing, winter turn over, the topsoil in the rice field of spring harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil, should there be hard impurity in the soil, weeds, germ are few, and rich clay, sandy soil and pH value surpass 7.8 field piece soil should not make bed soil, every 666.7m
2Machine transplanting of rice land for growing field crops is equipped with bed soil: long-grained nonglutinous rice 60kg(0.07m
3), japonica rice 100kg (0.13m
3);
(4) bed earth culture fertilizer: directly use the bed soil that fertile loose ground, vegetable garden the is got back of sieving, and other suitable soil should be fostered and apply fertilizer according to soil fertility and agriculture requirement, evenly mixes green No. 3 seedling strengthen agents of the non-irrigated seedling of 0.5kg at the every 100kg bed soil in back that sieves;
(5) make the seedling plate: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination is sufficient, fertile soil, fortune seedling make things convenient for the plot to do the rice seedling bed, the rice seedling bed is 1:100 with the area ratio in land for growing field crops, the 15d essence is done the seedling plate before broadcasting, the wide 140cm of seedling plate, the wide 25.0cm of field ditch, dark 15.0cm, the plate face is smooth smooth, opens all around to enclose ditch and guarantee that water system is unimpeded, the plate face is moistening, heavy in fact during sowing, the people can stand, and do not have the footprint that sink, seedling plate difference of height should be no more than 1.0cm, and difference of height should be no more than 0.5cm in the 3m seedling plate;
(6) shop film shop soil: tiling punching mulch film on the seedling plate, and along seedling plate both sides fixing batten, punching mulch film lay neatly and with the bed surface driving fit; The ready bed soil of spreading is also wipeed off, and soil thickness and seedling plate both sides batten consistency of thickness are 2cm～2.5cm, and bed soil requires thickness uniform soil face smooth; Mulch film is thin agricultural polyethylene film, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 1.5m, long 4.2m, before the seedling mulch film is punched, and is about to mulch film and fitly twists on the plank of length and width, the thick 150cm of being respectively, 15cm, 5cm the punching of ruling then, pitch-row 3.0cm * 4.0cm, aperture 0.2cm～0.3cm;
(7) moisturizing sterilization: sowing the previous day irritate flat ditch-water, treat the fully draining rapidly after the moisture absorption of bed soil, or prior to seeding directly with the watering can watering, soil moisture content reaches 85%～90% during sowing; In early rice seedling and cold in the late spring prone areas, for preventing sprout term diseases such as damping off, every 1m
3Bed soil is used 65% fenaminosulf 60g and is converted water and carry out disinfection for 1500 times;
(8) sowing earthing: claim to plant the every m of conventional japonica rice by seedling plate field
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 950g; The every m of hybrid rice
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 700g; Will claim to plant by furrow during sowing, gradation be carefully broadcast, even broadcasting; After planting cover the thick 0.3cm～0.5cm of seed soil, be as the criterion with drowning bud paddy; Note to use without the fine earth that sieves of fostering and apply fertilizer, can not be with the nutrition soil that is mixed with seedling strengthen agent; Can not sprinkle water again after lid seed soil spreads, emerge to prevent to show the soil influence of hardening.；
(9) envelope membrane cover grass: coverlay on the lid seed soil, and it is real to obturage all around, evenly adds a cover straw on the face, and thickness is advisable cannot see epiphragma, and temperature in the shed is controlled at 28 ℃～35 ℃; Put a thin reed along the seedling plate every 50cm～60cm, cause vexed kind in case epiphragma is pasted with bed soil; Hold the breach that discharges water successfully around the rice seedling bed, avoid seeding stage rainfall rice seedling bed ponding, cause mashed bud; Epiphragma is a light transmission polyethylene film preferably, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 2m, long 4.2m.
(10) take off the film hardening: take off the film hardening time at Qi Miaohou, when imperfect leaf to the 1 leaf is extracted out, promptly broadcast back 3d～5d and take off the film hardening; Fine taking off at dusk, take off the morning at cloudy day, takes off before the light rain rain, takes off behind the heavy rain rain; If meet cold current low temperature, should postpone and take off film, and accomplish to take off day and cover night, can suitably postpone when minimum temperature is lower than 12 ℃ when taking off film and taking off the film time;
(11) science Guan Shui: irritate flat ditch-water when taking off film, the lack of water moisturizing keeps bed soil moistening, irritates once sufficient water when promptly taking off film, and the seedling ditch is cleared up in the bed soil back discharging of spreading and sinking in, or adopt and spray moisturizing simultaneously, and the maintenance water system is unimpeded, guarantees that the rainy day rice seedling bed do not have ponding; The seedling bed is done and is turned white, or fine noon, leaf roll appearred in rice shoot, and flat ditch-water is irritated in the plot that concentrate in the rice seedling bed, and it is wet that scattered seedling takes watering sooner or later to mend; Early spring, the stubble seedling ran into than strong cold air invasion and attack, irritate water seedling-protection by the waist, treated after the improvements that temperature is stable to change water again and keep a full stand of seedings, and prevented that hypothermal injury root and difference variation are excessive and caused seedling rot and dead seedling; Temperature normal back draining in time is ventilative, improves rice shoot root system vigor; 3d before transplanting～5d control water hardening promotes the rice shoot packing, increases seedling piece pulling force, is convenient to roll up the seedling machine transplanting of rice.
(12) execute to send and transfer fertilizer: carry out after fine earth fosters and apply fertilizer with non-irrigated seedling is green, generally speaking, except that the fertilizer of getting married, do not apply fertilizer seedling stage, too fast as seedling growth, sprays paclobutrazol 80 grams of mass concentration 15% every mu of 2 leaf phase; 3d～4d before transplanting, mu is converted water 150kg with urea 1.5kg and is sprayed; Drape over one's shoulders seedling as the leaf look under the dark green and blade, be sure not fertilising, take to control the water measure and improve seedling matter;
(13) disease control: nursery period main diseases insect pest has small brown rice planthopper, rice thrips, banded sclerotial blight, seedling seasonal febrile diseases etc., particularly want the keypoint control small brown rice planthopper, in case infect stripe virus disease virus, rice shoot 2 leaf after dates should be kept a close eye on damage by disease and insect, and a situation arises, the medication of in time suiting the medicine to the illness prevents and treats, before transplanting, carry out a chemical control in 1～2 day, be with land for growing field crops under the medicine;
(14) stripping and slicing is transplanted: with cutting knife with cut the specification of seedling frame and be cut into the right angle pane by wide 27.9cm, long 58cm, carefully roll, it is to be inserted to transport to the edge of a field; In fortune seedling process, should note rolling up seedling and stack the number of plies and be advisable with 3 layers, too much unsuitable, be strictly on guard against the distortion of seedling piece, the unfavorable machine transplanting of rice.
Claims (2)
1. the two film droughts of machine-transplanted rice are educated strong seedling method, it is characterized in that: stop seedling plate field for the ratio of 1:80～100 in the seedling plate field and the area ratio in land for growing field crops, the porose mulch film of tiling on seedling plate field, the bed soil of lay thickness 2.0cm-2.5cm on the porose mulch film, coverlay behind bed soil upper seeding wheel blinding, seeding stage adopts drought to educate the drought pipe, takes artificial stripping and slicing, machinery to plant during transplanting.
2. the two film droughts of machine-transplanted rice according to claim 1 are educated strong seedling method, it is characterized in that this method comprises following concrete steps:
(1) seed selection of basking seeds: select that local agricultural sector is recommended, be fit to high yield, stable yields, fine quality that local mechanization is planted, the l～2d that basks seeds before the seed soaking improves germination rate, germination vigor, and the seed that awns is arranged is taken off awns earlier; Adopt selection by winnowing or proportion to be sorting seed by salt water l.06～1.12, should eluriate with clear water immediately after sorting seed by salt water, remove the outer salt of husk, that directly selects the commodity kind for use does not need selection by winnowing or salt choosing;
(2) presoaking and germinating: before seed soaking, carry out germination test, guarantee that percentage of seedgermination reaches 90%, germination vigor reaches more than 85%, by relevant seed soaking medicament instructions for use seed soaking, seed soaking time length is decided on temperature, general long-grained nonglutinous rice seed soaks foot 60 subsists, and the japonica rice seed soaks foot 80 and subsists; The seed that suctions moisture is carried out high temperature preserves moisture to broken chest, temperature is controlled at 35 ℃～38 ℃, keep upper and lower, the inside and outside temperature unanimity of grain mass, turn in case of necessity seed rice is heated evenly, promote that broken chest is neatly rapid, the vernalization standard reaches 90% for the broken chest rate of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the rearmounted shady and cool place of vernalization, airing refining bud 4.0h～6.0h;
(3) bed soil is selected: select the loose ground, vegetable garden of fertile soil, farming slaking the nonirrigated farmland or through autumn ploughing, winter turn over, the topsoil in the rice field of spring harrow-like implement for pulverizing soil, should there be hard impurity in the soil, weeds, germ are few, and rich clay, sandy soil and pH value surpass 7.8 field piece soil should not make bed soil, every 666.7m
2Machine transplanting of rice land for growing field crops is equipped with bed soil: long-grained nonglutinous rice 60kg(0.07m
3), japonica rice 100kg (0.13m
3);
(4) bed earth culture fertilizer: directly use the bed soil that fertile loose ground, vegetable garden the is got back of sieving, and other suitable soil should be fostered and apply fertilizer according to soil fertility and agriculture requirement, evenly mixes green No. 3 seedling strengthen agents of the non-irrigated seedling of 0.5kg at the every 100kg bed soil in back that sieves;
(5) make the seedling plate: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, illumination is sufficient, fertile soil, fortune seedling make things convenient for the plot to do the rice seedling bed, the rice seedling bed is 1:80～100 with the area ratio in land for growing field crops, the 10-15d essence is done the seedling plate before broadcasting, the wide 140cm of seedling plate, the wide 25.0cm of field ditch, dark 15.0cm, the plate face is smooth smooth, opens all around to enclose ditch and guarantee that water system is unimpeded, the plate face is moistening, heavy in fact during sowing, the people can stand, and do not have the footprint that sink, seedling plate difference of height should be no more than 1.0cm, and difference of height should be no more than 0.5cm in the 3m seedling plate;
(6) shop film shop soil: tiling punching mulch film on the seedling plate, and along seedling plate both sides fixing batten, punching mulch film lay neatly and with the bed surface driving fit; The ready bed soil of spreading is also wipeed off, and soil thickness and seedling plate both sides batten consistency of thickness are 2cm～2.5cm, and bed soil requires thickness uniform soil face smooth; Mulch film is thin agricultural polyethylene film, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 1.5m, long 4.2m, before the seedling mulch film is punched, and is about to mulch film and fitly twists on the plank of length and width, the thick 150cm of being respectively, 15cm, 5cm the punching of ruling then, pitch-row 3.0cm * 4.0cm, aperture 0.2cm～0.3cm;
(7) moisturizing sterilization: sowing the previous day irritate flat ditch-water, treat the fully draining rapidly after the moisture absorption of bed soil, or prior to seeding directly with the watering can watering, soil moisture content reaches 85%～90% during sowing; In early rice seedling and cold in the late spring prone areas, for preventing sprout term diseases such as damping off, every 1m
3Bed soil is used 65% fenaminosulf 50g～60g and is converted water and carry out disinfection for 1000～1500 times;
(8) sowing earthing: claim to plant the every m of conventional japonica rice by seedling plate field
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 750g～950g; The every m of hybrid rice
2Evenly broadcast bud paddy 500g～700g; Will claim to plant by furrow during sowing, gradation be carefully broadcast, even broadcasting; After planting cover the thick 0.3cm～0.5cm of seed soil, be as the criterion with drowning bud paddy; Note to use without the fine earth that sieves of fostering and apply fertilizer, can not be with the nutrition soil that is mixed with seedling strengthen agent; Can not sprinkle water again after lid seed soil spreads, emerge to prevent to show the soil influence of hardening;
(9) envelope membrane cover grass: coverlay on the lid seed soil, and it is real to obturage all around, evenly adds a cover straw on the face, and thickness is advisable cannot see epiphragma, and temperature in the shed is controlled at 28 ℃～35 ℃; Put a thin reed along the seedling plate every 50cm～60cm, cause vexed kind in case epiphragma is pasted with bed soil; Hold the breach that discharges water successfully around the rice seedling bed, avoid seeding stage rainfall rice seedling bed ponding, cause mashed bud; Epiphragma is a light transmission polyethylene film preferably, every 666.7m
2The land for growing field crops needs wide 2m, long 4.2m;
(10) take off the film hardening: take off the film hardening time at Qi Miaohou, when imperfect leaf to the 1 leaf is extracted out, promptly broadcast back 3d～5d and take off the film hardening; Fine taking off at dusk, take off the morning at cloudy day, takes off before the light rain rain, takes off behind the heavy rain rain; If meet cold current low temperature, should postpone and take off film, and accomplish to take off day and cover night, can suitably postpone when minimum temperature is lower than 12 ℃ when taking off film and taking off the film time;
(11) science Guan Shui: irritate flat ditch-water when taking off film, the lack of water moisturizing keeps bed soil moistening, irritates once sufficient water when promptly taking off film, and the seedling ditch is cleared up in the bed soil back discharging of spreading and sinking in, or adopt and spray moisturizing simultaneously, and the maintenance water system is unimpeded, guarantees that the rainy day rice seedling bed do not have ponding; The seedling bed is done and is turned white, or fine noon, leaf roll appearred in rice shoot, and flat ditch-water is irritated in the plot that concentrate in the rice seedling bed, and it is wet that scattered seedling takes watering sooner or later to mend; Early spring, the stubble seedling ran into than strong cold air invasion and attack, irritate water seedling-protection by the waist, treated after the improvements that temperature is stable to change water again and keep a full stand of seedings, and prevented that hypothermal injury root and difference variation are excessive and caused seedling rot and dead seedling; Temperature normal back draining in time is ventilative, improves rice shoot root system vigor; 3d before transplanting～5d control water hardening promotes the rice shoot packing, increases seedling piece pulling force, is convenient to roll up the seedling machine transplanting of rice;
(12) execute to send and transfer fertilizer: carry out after fine earth fosters and apply fertilizer with non-irrigated seedling is green, generally speaking, except that the fertilizer of getting married, do not apply fertilizer seedling stage, too fast as seedling growth, sprays paclobutrazol 60～80 grams of mass concentration 15% every mu of 2 leaf phase; 3d～4d before transplanting, mu is converted water 100kg～150kg with urea 1kg～1.5kg and is sprayed; Drape over one's shoulders seedling as the leaf look under the dark green and blade, be sure not fertilising, take to control the water measure and improve seedling matter;
(13) disease control: nursery period main diseases insect pest has small brown rice planthopper, rice thrips, banded sclerotial blight, seedling seasonal febrile diseases etc., particularly want the keypoint control small brown rice planthopper, in case infect stripe virus disease virus, rice shoot 2 leaf after dates should be kept a close eye on damage by disease and insect, and a situation arises, the medication of in time suiting the medicine to the illness prevents and treats, before transplanting, carry out a chemical control in 1～2 day, be with land for growing field crops under the medicine;
(14) stripping and slicing is transplanted: with cutting knife with cut the specification of seedling frame and be cut into the right angle pane by wide 27.9cm, long 58cm, carefully roll, it is to be inserted to transport to the edge of a field; In fortune seedling process, should note rolling up seedling and stack the number of plies and be advisable with 3 layers, too much unsuitable, be strictly on guard against the distortion of seedling piece, the unfavorable machine transplanting of rice.
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