CN100379335C - Ricefield milk vetch cultivating method for saving cost and increasing production - Google Patents
Ricefield milk vetch cultivating method for saving cost and increasing production Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a rice field milk vetch cultivating method, which relates to milk vetch cultivation and use techniques under the condition of rice field rice-green manuring rotation system and is particularly suitable for rice-green manuring rotation system in the south. The method comprises that the milk vetch is sowed together with the rice in the rice field, and the purpose of one year sowing and sowing free of a plurality of year of the milk vetch is obtained through the measures that the milk vetch breed of late maturation and high yield is selected, the turning over burying of a black pod period of the milk vetch seeds is delayed, channels are opened in time for discharging water after the rice is harvested, etc. The seed cost is decreased by 30 yuan / year. Mu, and meanwhile, the rice nitrogenous fertiliser dosage of is decreased by 30%, and the loss of nitrogen runoff in the rice field is decreased. The present invention has the advantages of labor economization, labor economization, low cost, reduction of nitrogen of the rice field and migration loss of phosphorus, and enhancement of comprehensive benefit of the rice field. The present invention has good popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch cultivation method, belong to rice field Chinese milk vetch culture technique, be applicable under the paddy rice green manuring rotation system condition plantation of Chinese milk vetch and utilization.
Background technology
Chinese milk vetch is because rhizobium effects, but nitrogen reaches the 5-10 kilogram in annual every mu of fixed air, in area, China middle and lower reach of Yangtze River plantation is early arranged as green manure crop, to the seventies in 20th century China's Chinese milk vetch cultivated area reach 100,000,000 mu.Traditional rice field Chinese milk vetch plant utilization technology is to sow in the field, rice field annual autumn, the Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage was ploughed and was broadcast as the green manure utilization 1 year spring, need annual sowing, bigger with kind of recruitment expense, because Chinese milk vetch is as green manure, there is not direct economic benefit, therefore, along with cropping index improves, chemical fertilizer is used in a large number, Chinese milk vetch is substituted by wheat, rape etc., and the Chinese milk vetch cultivated area is more and more littler.
Yet, in recent years, China's south Chinese milk vetch sowing area is increases trend year by year, its reason mainly is that southern in recent years rice district makes wheat the winter, the rape economic benefit is relatively low, lay idle winter slack and land resources is wasted in order to reduce, reduce the fertile consumption of rice quaternary nitrogen and reduce rice field nitrogen, phosphorus transfer loss, and increased the Chinese milk vetch sowing area; Secondly, because Chinese milk vetch honey is well received always in Japan, for encouraging the peasant planting Chinese milk vetch, many apiculture investment help peasants of company recover the Chinese milk vetch plantation, as: the evergreen apiculture in Hangzhou Co., Ltd, not only the peasant for the plantation Chinese milk vetch gratuitously provides seed, and every mu 50 yuan service charge also is provided simultaneously, to guarantee Chinese milk vetch plantation and no pesticide grown, again secondly, the drive that improved by the aquaculture benefit is planted careless stock keeping and is accepted by many peasants once more, and makes the Chinese milk vetch plantation obtain promotion.
Though paddy field cultivation Chinese milk vetch, utilize its rhizobium fixed nitrogen, can improve the soil, increase soil fertility, reduce rice season fertilizer amount, also can make the green forage stock keeping or work as dish for the honeybee gathering honey or in some areas harvesting in spring, but still owing to can not directly produce high economic benefit, factors such as annual in addition sowing cost height have restricted field in winter slack, rice field and have enlarged the plantation Chinese milk vetch.
For solving the high difficult problem of Chinese milk vetch planting cost, numerous research workers, improving Chinese milk vetch output or improving its value or enlarge aspect such as its purposes and do a lot of work, and obtained gratifying progress, Fujian Province in 1996 academy of agricultural sciences's clay fertilizer institute woods deep blue etc. has reported that the Chinese milk vetch rice field once sows repeatedly the technology that breeding utilizes, but their research only limits to the Chinese milk vetch seed gets over the summer and emerges, and to emerging naturally Chinese milk vetch output and Chinese milk vetch are failed further to study to the influence of rice yield, thereby the Chinese milk vetch rice field is once sowed repeatedly technology that breeding utilizes and is failed large-area applications in actual production.Therefore, research is explored and to be adapted in the bigger zone Chinese milk vetch to exempt to broadcast technology still very necessary.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch cultivation method, make Chinese milk vetch reach natural propagation exactly in the Chinese milk vetch area of can reserving seed for planting, reducing the Chinese milk vetch planting cost, when making the plantation Chinese milk vetch near zero cost, reduce the Rice Production cost, improve rice yield and quality, simultaneously, reduce the rice field fertilizer loss, alleviate pollution of area source.
Technical scheme
A kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch culture technique, it comprises:
1, select high yield, slow ripe Chinese milk vetch kind for use, as shoot a retrievable arrow river seed etc., the late ripe seed that is meant is in by the end of May with after ripening.
2, optimum period, cover was broadcast: Chinese milk vetch needs by the end of September to overlap at the beginning of-10 months and is sowed at the rice field, guarantees that Chinese milk vetch has certain amount of growth before going into the winter, survive the winter in order to seedling.
4, seeding quantity: 5 kilograms every mu of seeding quantitys.
5, optimum period turns over: in the 10-6 month in May 5, Chinese milk vetch kind pod 50% black pod was to full ripening stage;
6, tillage method: earlier with in drag non watered ploughing to turn over or rotary tillage, go up the water rotary tillage before the rice transplanting or harrow a field, help like this that Chinese milk vetch evenly distributes and rotten in plow layer.
7, field management: with respect to general rice field, early stage is reduced half with nitrogen amount amount in the rice field of plantation Chinese milk vetch, and the time of infertility, nitrogen fertilizer amount reduced 30%, in time ditches behind the paddy rice harvesting, with the prevention against water-logging evil.Trench digging should adopt machinery to plough or manually ditch.
Above-mentioned rice field is meant that Chinese milk vetch can safe overwintering and set seeds, and adopts the rice field of paddy rice-green manure cropping system; The cultivation of rice field Chinese milk vetch, the 1st year by general rice field Chinese milk vetch type of seeding sowing, grow Chinese milk vetch later on year after year and no longer need sowing, replant other crop and interrupt Chinese milk vetch up to the winter and grow.The not well rice field of draining timely trench digging behind paddy rice harvesting, require paddy rice harvesting after, select finely, with band single plow hand tractor, or artificial trench digging, ditch depth should reach more than 15 centimetres.
Technical thought
1, proper seeding to reach raising output, particularly improves the regularity of seed maturity, improves seed production simultaneously, so that make more seed enter soil layer by turning over;
2, in time ditch after the rice harves, can reduce because of steeping evil influences Chinese milk vetch growth or dead seedling.
3, adopt the method for the back rotary tillage of turning over earlier, help Chinese milk vetch like this and in plow layer, evenly distribute and rot, help paddy growth, improve rice yield;
4, the nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement is used, and not only can reduce the Rice Production cost, increases the benefit the immigration load amount of also favourable simultaneously minimizing rice field nitrogen.
Technique effect:
1, reduced sowing quantity, reduced cost.Calculate by 5 annual periods, adopt this technology only to need the sowing of 1 year year, every mu of Chinese milk vetch sowing quantity is 5 kilograms, and conventional method needs 5 kilograms/mu of sowings in every year, altogether need be with planting 25 kilograms/mu, and 5 years reduce with planting 20 kilograms/mu, average every mu of annual reduction with planting 4 kilograms, about 30 yuan of cost.
2, improved the bright careless output of Chinese milk vetch, adopted the technology of the present invention, the 1st year after planting, and in subsequently 1 year, the bright careless per mu yield of Chinese milk vetch reaches more than 2000 kilograms.
3, reduced the nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice consumption and reached 4 kilograms every mu, with conventional winter the fallow field paddy rice compare saving with nitrogen amount 30%.
The specific embodiment of the invention
The enforcement time: 2003-2005
Implement the place: Yixing, Jiangsu
Select the Chinese milk vetch kind for use: shoot a retrievable arrow river seed (public production is with planting, and market is available).
Tillage method: earlier with in drag non watered ploughing to turn over or rotary tillage, before the rice transplanting on water rotary tillage or harrow a field;
Field management: with respect to general rice field nitrogen fertilizer amount minimizing 30%, in time ditch behind the paddy rice harvesting, with the prevention against water-logging evil, trench digging employing machinery is ploughed or is manually ditched.
Seeding quantity: 5 kilograms of every mu of Chinese milk vetch seeding quantitys;
Embodiment:
1, difference is ploughed the phase to Chinese milk vetch output, the influence of Chinese milk vetch nature output of seedling, output after autumn.
Tested year May in October, 2003-2005 and carry out in Yixing.Chinese milk vetch was sowed on October 5th, 2003, and the Chinese milk vetch phase of ploughing spring in 2004 is made as the A:4 month 22 (full-bloom stage), the B:5 month 10 (50% black pod phase), the C:5 month 22 (80% black pod phase) and the D:6 month 5 (full ripening stage).Research different disposal Chinese milk vetch seed production reaches the influence of Chinese milk vetch field nature output of seedling and output after autumn.
Implementation result:
(1) difference is gathered in the crops the Chinese milk vetch seed production before ploughing the phase
Difference Chinese milk vetch seed production harvest time sees Table 1, by table 1 as seen, except that the Chinese milk vetch of turning over April 22 does not produce the seed, all the other all produce seed, and it is slow more to gather in the crops, seed production is high more, and seed amount is basicly stable after May 22, and thousand kernel weight is handled the treatments B that is lower than of C, this be since the weak tendency flower of Chinese milk vetch May 10 fashion do not form effective seed, and having formed effective seed but maturity is not enough May 22, thousand kernel weight is very little, has influenced the whole thousand kernel weight of handling the C seed.
Table 1: the difference phase Chinese milk vetch seed production of turning over
| Handle | Output (kilogram/mu) | Thousand kernel weight (gram) | Seed amount (grain/mu) |
| A (April 22) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B (May 10) | 34.14 | 4.13 | 826.63 ten thousand |
| C (May 22) | 35.70 | 3.84 | 929.69 ten thousand |
| D (June 5) | 39.76 | 4.25 | 935.58 ten thousand |
(2) difference is ploughed the phase to the influence of Chinese milk vetch nature output of seedling, output after autumn
Difference is ploughed after autumn emerge situation (investigation on October 28th, 2004) and biological yield (sampling measuring and calculating on April 26th, 2005) of phase Chinese milk vetch seed and is seen Table 2.From table 2 as seen, the 10-6 month in May 5, promptly deceiving pod to full ripening stage from Chinese milk vetch kind pod 50% ploughs, Chinese milk vetch seed output of seedling after autumn reaches more than 210,000/mu, is higher than the density (height of conventional seed planting is generally about 200,000 seedling/mus) of conventional seed planting, ploughs after May 10, though output of seedling increases to some extent, but biological yield does not all have significant difference, and ploughs before April 22, Chinese milk vetch was set seeds, and then output of seedling, biological yield significantly reduce.Therefore, guarantee that Chinese milk vetch seed safe Xia Bingneng more in the rice field reaches certain power of emerging after autumn, guarantee the output of Chinese milk vetch, Chinese milk vetch should be ploughed after May 10, with the best on 22-June 5 May.
Table 2: difference is ploughed phase Chinese milk vetch seed and is emerged after autumn
| Plough the phase | Chinese milk vetch seedling number (seedling/mu) | Bright careless output (kilogram/mu) |
| April 22 * | 34000(a) ** | 456.5(a) |
| May 10 | 216600(b) | 3266.6(b) |
| May 22 | 367200(c) | 3434.8(b) |
| June 5 | 376000(c) | 3446.3(b) |
Annotate:, still have a small amount of Chinese milk vetch continued growth to set seeds after ploughing though * turned over and not set seeds on April 23.
* bracket internal alphabet shows 5% significance of difference.
2, Chinese milk vetch is to back stubble rice yield influence and economic benefit research.
The 6-10 month in 2004 carried out in Yixing.Plough phase test and establish A: plough Chinese milk vetch April 22 (full-bloom stage), the B:5 month 10 (50% black pod phase), the C:5 month 22 (80% black pod phase) and the D:6 month 5 (full ripening stage) ploughs and the conventional farming in field in winter slack, Chinese milk vetch also field is executed 12 kilograms/mu in nitrogen, and winter slack, the field was 16 kilograms/mu.The research different disposal is to the influence of rice yield.Result of the test sees Table 3.
Table 3: the Chinese milk vetch different disposal is to the influence (unit: kilogram/mu) of back stubble rice yield
| Handle | Chinese milk vetch A | Chinese milk vetch B | Chinese milk vetch C | Chinese milk vetch D | Winter slack the field |
| Output | 455 | 474.1 | 488.3 | 499.0 | 435.6 |
| Volume increase | 19.4(0) | 38.5(19.1) | 52.7(33.3) | 63.4(44) | 0(-19.4) |
Chinese milk vetch also not only can reduce with 4 kilograms/mu in nitrogen in the field as known from Table 3, and promptly the rice field nitrogen fertilizer amount can reduce about 30%, and can increase production 19.4-63.4 kilogram/mu.Adopt this technology, plough volume increase 19.1-44 kilogram/mu that Chinese milk vetch is ploughed than conventional full-bloom stage in 10-June 5 May, 32.1 kilograms of average mu volume increase; Than field volume increase in winter slack 38.5-63.4 kilogram/mu, 51.5 kilograms of average mu volume increase.The economic benefit that will adopt this technology according to result of the test with winter slack field and general planting Chinese milk vetch method relatively see Table 4.As can be seen from Table 4, adopt this to apply for a patent 85 yuan of the comparable general planting technology of technology mu gains, than winter slack the field increase 83 yuan.And the general planting technology is than 2 yuan/mu of field declining profits in winter slack, and this also is that the peasant would rather lay idle and be reluctant the green manuring reason winter in recent years.
The different method for planting economic benefit comparative units (unit/mu) of planting of table 4 Chinese milk vetch
| Technical method | With kind of a cost | The trench digging cost | The sowing recruitment | Joint fertilizer efficiency benefit | The volume increase gain | Add up to |
| Patented technology | 5 | 10 | 1 | 17 | 82(51) | 83(85) |
| Routine techniques | 35 | 10 | 5 | 17 | 31(0) | -2(0) |
| Winter slack the field | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0(-31) | 0(2) |
Annotate: joint is fertile in the urea conversion, 2.00 yuan/kilogram of unit prices, and the volume increase gain is with 1.60 yuan/kilogram of paddy.
3, different maturing stage Chinese milk vetch seed dormancies are sprouted characteristic research.
In Jiangsu Province, Nanjing academy of agricultural sciences institute, carried out in 2004 so test.(1) seed germination experiment.The Chinese milk vetch seed that obtains before the difference phase of turning over turned over carried out indoor germination test-17 days on the 10th July.(2) seed buries native germination and emergence test.The test of basin alms bowl, 100 seeds of Chinese milk vetch seed that obtain before the difference phase of turning over turned over are loaded in the Nylon Bag and were embedded in respectively in the basin alms bowl different soil July 1: top layer (2 centimetres), middle level (7 centimetres), deep layer (12 centimetres), every processing repeats for three times, waterflooding simulates the paddy environment condition then, observes after autumn the situation of the emerging situation of emerging.
(1) ploughs with different that the seed of results germinates before the phase, dormancy is tested, the results are shown in Table 4.It is all minimum to handle C seed germination rate and rotting rate as seen from Table 4, turns over this moment more to help Chinese milk vetch seed dormancy and safety summer more in the rice field, helps emerging after autumn.
The different results of table 4 Chinese milk vetch in period Seed Dormancy situation (unit: %)
| Handle | Germination rate | Rotting rate | The dormancy rate |
| B (May 10) | 2.33 | 7.00 | 90.67 |
| C (May 22) | 1.33 | 5.33 | 93.34 |
| D (June 5) | 5.33 | 6.00 | 88.67 |
(2) seed soil burial test
The seed that gathered in the crops different harvest times buries in different soil, studies the germination and emergence and the survival seed of seed after autumn, the results are shown in Table 5.It is rotten mostly that the Chinese milk vetch seed buries the soil back as seen from Table 5, has only the small quantities of seed germination and emergence, and the minute quantity seed is stored in the soil layer with original state, and its mesexine seeding ratio is up to 13.67-16%.Illustrate that natural after autumn emergence rate will reach certain seedling number, in the soil a large amount of seeds must be arranged, and the grain weight very big (seeing Table 1) of Chinese milk vetch nature seed field, can guarantee then the required density (seeing Table 2) of field Chinese milk vetch growth after autumn, simultaneously the Chinese milk vetch seed falls into and almost all rots in 1 year behind the soil or emerge, and the inventive method can not become the weeds of the crop of causing harm.
Table 5 Chinese milk vetch seed soil burial test
Annotate: investigation on October 13rd, 2004.
Claims (5)
1. rice field Chinese milk vetch cultivation method is characterized in that:
A) select high yield, slow ripe Chinese milk vetch kind for use, the late ripe seed that is meant is in by the end of May with after ripening;
B) optimum period, cover was broadcast: Chinese milk vetch needs that cover is sowed at the rice field at the beginning of late September-10 month;
C) seeding quantity: every mu of Chinese milk vetch seeding quantity 4-5 kilogram;
D) optimum period turns over: in the 10-6 month in May 5, Chinese milk vetch kind pod 50% black pod was to full ripening stage;
E) tillage method: earlier with in drag non watered ploughing to turn over or rotary tillage, before the rice transplanting on water rotary tillage or harrow a field;
F) field management: with respect to general rice field nitrogen fertilizer amount minimizing 30%, in time ditch behind the paddy rice harvesting, with the prevention against water-logging evil, trench digging employing machinery is ploughed or is manually ditched.
2. according to the described a kind of rice field of claim 1 Chinese milk vetch cultivation method, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned rice field is meant that Chinese milk vetch can safe overwintering and set seeds, and adopts the rice field of paddy rice-green manure cropping system.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch cultivation methods, it is characterized in that: the cultivation of rice field Chinese milk vetch, the 1st year by general rice field Chinese milk vetch type of seeding sowing, grow Chinese milk vetch later on year after year and no longer need sowing, replant other crop and interrupt Chinese milk vetch up to the winter and grow.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch cultivation methods, it is characterized in that: timely trench digging behind the paddy rice harvesting, be meant paddy rice harvesting after, select finely, with band single plow hand tractor or artificial trench digging, ditch depth should reach more than 15 centimetres.
5. according to the described a kind of rice field of claim 3 Chinese milk vetch cultivation method, it is characterized in that: timely trench digging behind the paddy rice harvesting, be meant paddy rice harvesting after, select finely, with band single plow hand tractor or artificial trench digging, ditch depth should reach more than 15 centimetres.
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