CN101828473A - Method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland - Google Patents
Method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland Download PDFInfo
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- CN101828473A CN101828473A CN200910118947A CN200910118947A CN101828473A CN 101828473 A CN101828473 A CN 101828473A CN 200910118947 A CN200910118947 A CN 200910118947A CN 200910118947 A CN200910118947 A CN 200910118947A CN 101828473 A CN101828473 A CN 101828473A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting dry-farmed forage (clover) grassland and relates to the technical field of the grassland construction. The majority of the forage grass is perennial plant, which has the features of small seeds, shallow seeding depth, slow seedling emergence and long planting period; and the traditional planting method has high planting difficulty and the planting density and the coverage cannot meet the design requirements. The method comprises the following steps of: ridging and furrowing, covering, seeding and harvesting, wherein in the covering step, the ridge is covered by a mulching film and the trench is covered by the straws. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of having high utilization rate of water resources, inhibiting evaporation, preserving soil moisture, conserving water and soil, improving emergence rate, planting rate and planting density, increasing both production and income and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to build and plant technology field, meadow, be specifically related to a kind of method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland.
Background technology
China's arid and semi-arid area area accounts for 52.5% of national land area, and annual precipitation is few, the Precipitation Distribution in Time and Space inequality, and the Winter-Spring is short of rain, and mostly is invalid rain; Xia Qiu is rainy, and occurs with the heavy rain form.This arid of not only having aggravated the period short of rain takes place and the extent of injury, and for water and soil loss provides dynamic condition, water and soil loss is accompanied by soil nutrient, agricultural chemicals and agrochemical loss, causes downstream water pollution and channel aggradation.Northern China arid and semi-arid area water resource, soil and vegetation are in the delicate ecological balance, and influence power is very responsive to external world, in case unbalance, will cause vicious circle easily, be difficult to recover.Along with development of the West Regions and returning farmland to grassland and ecological construction implementation, the livestock breeding fast development, production of high-quality forage grass and ecological construction have been proposed an urgent demand, how to make full use of the limited precipitation resource, the availability that improves rainfall resource becomes the key problem of China's arid and semi-arid area ecological construction and farming and animal husbandry development.
Herbage mostly is perennial plant greatly, and seed is little, and sowing depth is shallow, and it is slow to emerge, and becomes seedling stage long, and the planting difficulty is big.China arid and semi-arid area rainfall rareness, evaporation discharge is big, and spring especially, soil drought causes herbage to emerge uneven or burns phenomenon such as seedling, and planting density or cover degree do not reach designing requirement.Seek collection rain soil moisture conservation, improve emergence rate and planting percent, and then improve planting density and careless output is the key technology that solves China's arid and semi-arid area herbage meadow planting.
Ditch ridge collection rain is planted in China arid and semi-arid area long history, but all adopts ridge overlay film or full film to cover, and plantation is based on annual crops such as corn and potatos, compare with herbage, crop seed is bigger, sows darker, it is fast to emerge, and becomes seedling stage shorter.For perennial grass, seed is little, sows shallowly, and it is slow to emerge, and becomes seedling stage long, and breeding time is long, and is perennial, and the planting difficulty is big.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is little for seed, the sowing is shallow, it is slow to emerge, become long, breeding time in seedling stage herbage long, perennial, that the planting difficulty is big to provide a kind of and can effectively utilize rainfall resource, reduce evaporation, keep soil moisture, improve the meadow planting and establishing method of herbage emergence rate, planting percent, planting density and careless output.
The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose is:
A kind of method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland, be made up of following steps: ridge culture ditch, covering, sowing, results are played in the level land, cover ridge use unfertile land film covering in the step, the wide 1.2m of unfertile land film, thick 0.007-0.008mm, ditch use stalk to cover stalk overlay capacity 6600-6750kg/hm
2
The high 20cm in ridge in the ridge culture ditch step is played on described level land, and row spacing 45～60cm, ridge face become 45 degree, furrow width 60cm with ground; Adopt drilling in the sowing step, seeding quantity is 22.5kg.hm
-2, sowing depth 1～2cm, line-spacing 15cm; Adopt fertilizer and grass seed to apply urea 34.5kg.hm simultaneously in the fertilising step
-2, superphosphate 120kg.hm
-2Results sows in the step and are cradled then 2 times, 1 year and cradle 3 times later every year, cradle stubble height 5cm.
Compare advantage of the present invention with flat:
1, overlay film ditch in ridge covers the water temperature condition of stalk processing improvement topsoil
The herbage germination period, (0～5cm) temperature improves 2.0 ℃ than flat the work to topsoil; After first batch of harvesting, ridge overlay film ditch covers the flat work of stalk processing list soil layer soil temperature and improves 2.2 ℃.Water collection efficiency is that 91.1-94.3%, the minimum rainfall that produces runoff are 0.23-0.47mm behind the overlay film of ridge.At 0～40cm soil depth, ridge overlay film ditch covers stalk to be handled with flat and deals with storage capacity and be respectively 80.04mm and 37.68mm; At 0～120cm soil depth, ridge overlay film ditch covers stalk and is respectively 207.67mm and 166.67mm with the flat storage capacity that deals with, as can be seen, the storage capacity that ridge overlay film ditch covers the stalk processing is significantly higher than flat the work, and efficiency of water application has improved 13～41% than flat work.Owing to the herbage well developed root system, bury deeplyer, stalk covers and to make soil small animal and microbial activities frequent, forms a lot of fine ducts in ditch, makes ridge overlay film ditch cover stalk and handles in the ditch water infiltration speed and do greater than flat.
2, overlay film ditch in ridge covers stalk processing raising plant height, planting density and careless output
First batch when cradling then of sowing, ridge overlay film ditch are covered stalk and are handled plant height (39.9cm) and be significantly higher than the flat plant height (25.0cm) of doing; Ridge overlay film ditch covers stalk processing plant spacing and reaches 93 strains/m
2, putting down and dealing with plant spacing only is 50 strains/m
2Ridge overlay film ditch cover stalk handle with flat do to reach produce year three annual hay yields and be respectively 5958kg/hm
2And 4201kg/hm
2, ridge overlay film ditch covers flat work of stalk processing hay yield ratio and has improved 41.8%, and makes the herbage meadow produce careless peak period than putting down work 1～2 year ahead of time, prolongs the meadow high yield time limit.
3, overlay film ditch in ridge covers stalk processing raising soil organic carbon and total soil nitrogen content
Ridge overlay film ditch covers stalk to be handled and to have improved soil organic carbon and total soil nitrogen content, and promote SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN than (C/N) to more reasonable range development.Ridge overlay film ditch covers full nitrogen that stalk handles and soil organic carbon respectively than increasing by 0.7% and 7.8% before the sowing, and flatly is more or less the same before dealing with and sowing.Ridge overlay film ditch covers the C/N (9.2) that stalk is handled, and is significantly higher than the flat C/N (6.4) that deals with.
4, overlay film ditch in ridge covers stalk processing raising herbage Net Photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll relative amount
In herbage flowering stage, ridge overlay film ditch covers stalk, and to handle Net Photosynthetic Rate, hole degree of leading, chlorophyll relative amount be 38.8 μ molCO
2m
-2s
-1, 0.85molm
-2s
-1, 2.19mg g
-1, flat Net Photosynthetic Rate, hole degree of leading, the chlorophyll relative amount that deals with is 26.2 μ molCO
2m
-2s
-1, 0.80molm
-2s
-1With 2.08mg g
-1, ridge overlay film ditch covers the stalk processing and improves 48.1%, 6.2% and 5.3% respectively than flat dealing with.
5, overlay film ditch in ridge covers stalk processing minimizing soil erosion amount
Mensuration shows that ridge overlay film ditch covers the stalk processing and is respectively 0.85t.hm with the flat soil erosion amount that deals with
-2And 2.48t.hm
-2, ridge overlay film ditch covers the flat do minimizing 65.7% of soil erosion amount ratio that stalk is handled.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, overlay film ditch in ridge covers stalk trench sowing herbage collection rain soil moisture conservation meadow planting and establishing method and compares with other ditch ridge collection rain kind method for planting, the ridge plastic mulching, the ditch stalk covers, planting forage grass in the ditch, improved the soil moisture conservation effect, increase soil temperature and humidity, herbage emergence rate and planting percent height, planting density is big, and then raising herbage grass output, mulching plant of perennial grass meadow planting, the 5～8a that is benefited, in addition longer.
2, can carry out mechanized: this technology adopts mechanized, can once finish an operation such as trench digging, ridging, fertilising, shaping, has characteristics such as saving of labor, laborsaving, efficient height, can make arid and semi-arid district establishing in large scale herbage become possibility.
3, reduce the water and soil loss and the soil erosion: the furrow runoff intercepting system that this technology is arranged along contour, increase the holdup time of rainwash at pasture growing district (in the ditch), avoided precipitation to compile, improved the soil infiltration of rainwater, reduced the water and soil loss and the soil erosion to local and lower.
4, reduce evaporation: ridge overlay film ditch covers stalk and reduces soil water evaporation, has significantly to press down to steam soil moisture conservation, the effect of increasing income.
5, have the effect of accumulation rainwater: rainfall flows in the ditch along the ridge on the ridge, the rainfall of (herbage planting district and collection rain belt) focuses on (herbage planting district) on the face on two faces, herbage planting district moisture produces stack, invalid precipitation becomes effective precipitation, rainfall infiltration darker, evaporation loss is more little, can improve emergence rate and the planting percent of grass seed.
6, improve ground temperature: ridge overlay film ditch covers stalk can improve ground temperature, promotes the movable and available nutrient of edaphon to discharge, and increases effective accumulated temperature, prolongation herbage breeding time helps improving the herbage productive potential, has obvious effect of increasing production.
7, reduce the herbage leaf abscission and help cradling after dry: this method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland forms the alternate mima type microrelief in ditch ridge in the field, near field microclimate near the ground has been improved on convex-concave fluctuating ridge culture ground, make the ventilation and penetrating light enhancing, make wind speed increase in the colony, CO
2Content increase, help promoting the photosynthesis of blade, promote robust plant to grow and to cradle the back air-dry.
8, simple to operate: this method is simple to operate, small investment, instant effect, peasant are easily accepted, are convenient to large tracts of land and promote.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 covers stalk trench sowing herbage meadow planting schematic diagram for ridge overlay film ditch
The title of each sequence number among the figure:
The ridge that the 1-plastic foil covers is as the afflux district.The ditch that the 2-stalk covers is as herbage planting district and soil moisture conservation district.
Claims (2)
1. method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland, be made up of following steps: ridge culture ditch, covering, sowing, results are played in the level land, it is characterized in that covering in the step ridge and use the unfertile land film to cover, the wide 1.2m of unfertile land film, thick 0.007-0.008mm, ditch use stalk to cover stalk overlay capacity 6600-6750kg/hm
2
2. a kind of method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland according to claim 1 is characterized in that described level land plays the high 20cm in ridge in the ridge culture ditch step, and row spacing 45～60cm, ridge face become 45 degree, furrow width 60cm with ground; Adopt drilling in the sowing step, seeding quantity is 22.5kg.hm
-2, sowing depth 1～2cm, line-spacing 15cm; Adopt fertilizer and grass seed to apply urea 34.5kg.hm simultaneously in the fertilising step
-2, superphosphate 120kg.hm
-2Results sows in the step and are cradled then 2 times, 1 year and cradle 3 times later every year, cradle stubble height 5cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910118947A CN101828473A (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | Method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910118947A CN101828473A (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | Method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101828473A true CN101828473A (en) | 2010-09-15 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910118947A Pending CN101828473A (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2009-03-09 | Method for planting dry-farmed forage grassland |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102227985A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Water-saving cultivation method of foodstuff and feed maize |
| CN102265749A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-12-07 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Method for promoting wintering rate of pennisetum alopecuroides |
| CN103314764A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2013-09-25 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Furrow, film, ridge and straw combined type mulching cultivation method for crops |
| CN103782761A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for building artificial pasture in low-humidity saline and alkaline land |
| CN103782917A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rail separating method of zoning rotational grazing |
| CN103988666A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-20 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Ridging, mulching and rain collecting planting method for alfalfa in dry-farming areas |
| CN104756695A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-08 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Arid region lawn planting method |
| CN105766342A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-07-20 | 熊友才 | Furrow covering cultivation method capable of increasing natural rainfall infiltration, storage and utilization |
| CN106717911A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 陈真 | A kind of method for improving Along The Great Wall Wind-sandy Area sand ground alfalfa output |
| CN107517684A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-12-29 | 商都县科技特派员工作站 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland film-covering planting method of crops |
| CN110050642A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-26 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region Alfalfa Growing method |
| CN110731239A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-01-31 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Water-saving soil moisture conservation method and structure for karst slope farmland |
| CN113115688A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Ridging and direct alfalfa seeding method |
-
2009
- 2009-03-09 CN CN200910118947A patent/CN101828473A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102227985B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2013-01-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Water-saving cultivation method of foodstuff and feed maize |
| CN102227985A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Water-saving cultivation method of foodstuff and feed maize |
| CN102265749A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-12-07 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Method for promoting wintering rate of pennisetum alopecuroides |
| CN103314764B (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-06-17 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Furrow, film, ridge and straw combined type mulching cultivation method for crops |
| CN103314764A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2013-09-25 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Furrow, film, ridge and straw combined type mulching cultivation method for crops |
| CN103782761A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for building artificial pasture in low-humidity saline and alkaline land |
| CN103782917A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rail separating method of zoning rotational grazing |
| CN103988666A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-20 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Ridging, mulching and rain collecting planting method for alfalfa in dry-farming areas |
| CN104756695A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-08 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Arid region lawn planting method |
| CN105766342A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-07-20 | 熊友才 | Furrow covering cultivation method capable of increasing natural rainfall infiltration, storage and utilization |
| CN106717911A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 陈真 | A kind of method for improving Along The Great Wall Wind-sandy Area sand ground alfalfa output |
| CN107517684A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-12-29 | 商都县科技特派员工作站 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland film-covering planting method of crops |
| CN110050642A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-26 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region Alfalfa Growing method |
| CN110731239A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-01-31 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Water-saving soil moisture conservation method and structure for karst slope farmland |
| CN113115688A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Ridging and direct alfalfa seeding method |
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Application publication date: 20100915 |