CN102884925A - Growing method for multiply sowing double-cropping alfalfa and rape in wheat field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a growing method for multiply sowing double-cropping alfalfa and rape in wheat field. The growing method is suitable for winter wheat growing regions and comprises the following steps: step 1, mixed seeds of alfalfa and rape are multiply sowed in a reaped winter wheat field, and the date is June 25th-28th; step 2, before multiple sowing, diammonium phosphate is spread over the field as the base fertilizer, and the spreading quantity is 18-22 kg/mu, subsequently, plowing and soil preparation are carried out, the alfalfa seeds and rape seeds are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1:1.2-1.3, and then the mixed seeds are sowed; steps, a grain strip sowing machine is adopted for sowing, the sowing space is 13-15 cm, and the depth is 1-2 cm; step 4, after the seedlings of alfalfa and rape emerge, the seedlings are respectively irrigated once on July 3rd-8th and July 20th -25th; step 5, the harvesting date of alfalfa and rape is October 1st-3rd, gramoxone water solution is sprayed before harvesting, 150 ml-200 ml of gramoxone water solution is mixed with 40-60 kg of water to be sprayed, so that the leaves of rape and alfalfa are rapidly dehydrated and dried, and the alfalfa and rape are harvested by a combine harvester; and 60-70 kg/mu of rapeseeds are harvested in the current year, and the density of alfalfa seedling stems is increased by 4.1 thousand plants/mu.

Description

The implantation methods that a kind of wheatland replay clover rape two is ripe

Technical field

The present invention relates to replay, interplanting technology, can realize yielding two crops a year, the especially suitable survival rate of seedling of alfalfa, the earning rate of increase land area of one unit of improving.

Background technology

Clover is a kind of perennial grass of extensive plantation, and Seedling Stage is longer; The seedling of alfalfa because strong illumination is burnt easily, cause death of seedling, at Northern Part of Xinjiang, generally wait until early September when replaying clover after the winter wheat harvesting, after reducing, temperature just begins sowing, therefore, it is shorter to sow then the alfalfa growing time, also is in Seedling Stage before entering the winter, can not mow, do not have income, the production costs such as seed, tractor-ploughing expense and liquid manure can't reclaim then in sowing; Survive the winter rear Second Year because clover also is in Seedling Stage, encroached on by weeds, careless output is lower; And the Northern Part of Xinjiang summer high temperature is short of rain, and the photo-thermal resource belongs to typically the area of " season has a surplus, and two seasons are not enough "; It is shorter to remain frost-free season behind the little wheat harvesting, and replay early-maturing crop output is lower, and cost is higher, does not have economic benefit, therefore, does not generally replay after the winter wheat harvesting in the production.

Searching document discloses: China Agricultural University's agronomy and biotechnology institute Prataculture Engineering research center are for solving the Hills In Southern Jiangsu Province district clover weeds problem in seedling stage; start with from the protection sowing, seek suitable companion crop in totally five kinds English ryegrass, annual ryegrass, rye, four kinds of crops of triticale.By to a plurality of index determining analyses such as output, plant height, weeds rates, new 830 triticales, Jiangxi select perennial ryegrass to be suitable for use as the companion crop of clover sowing in filtering out, and obtain simultaneously the highest processing of two clover survival rates: clover (15kg/hm2)+in new 830 triticales (150kg/hm2) broadcast sowing and clover (18kg/hm2)+in new 830 triticales (250kg/hm2) 30cm drilling.Hebei Cangzhou City Academy of Agricultural ﹠. Forestry Sciences Forage Research center is for strand moderate salty soils, and the top layer salinity is lower than the period in other seasons at the beginning of autumn late summer, and the 10～15cm that ditches sowing clover can guarantee basically that it normally emerges and grow wholely.Clover and rape mixed seeding also can improve the survival rate of seedlings of clover.The 1991-1994 of Agricultural University Of Hebei is studied rape, clover Mixed Pasture soil moisture dynamic on Ji northwest plateau two cloudy beaches.The result shows, sown pasture soil moisture breeding time seasonal variation be divided into returning spring under slurry evaporation loss of moisture phase, the summer rainwater infiltration minute convalescence and moisture evaporation in autumn stage of exhaustion budding bloom-the phase water consumption of setting seeds accounts for 58% of water consumption in the time of infertility, is that herbage needs the water key period.The mixed seeding meadow is except current year's production 466.5kg/hm2 rape seed; also can on average produce the biomass that the nature grassland increases by 1.264 times; and improved significantly the precipitation utilization ratio; above literature content shows; adopt the replay of precocious rape and clover miscegenation; also there is not yet at home relevant report; the cropping pattern of " the precocious winter wheat-clover+rape " of the present invention's design; then, grain header dry with desiccant dehydration gathered in the crops rape seed; increased economic benefit then, had one's own knack and have important use value.

The present invention is as point of penetration, adopt the cropping pattern of " precocious winter wheat-clover+rape ", then, grain header dry with desiccant dehydration gathered in the crops rape seed, increased economic benefit then, prolong simultaneously the growth time before clover enters the winter, for the high yield of clover Second Year creates favorable conditions, the test of carrying out has very important production meaning with checking.

Summary of the invention

Order of the present invention is: improve winter wheat ground replay seedling of alfalfa survival rate, increase then the method with the Second Year economic benefit.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the implantation methods that a kind of wheatland replay clover rape two is ripe, the growing area of suitable winter wheat;

Step 1 is mixed the seed kind what the winter wheat of harvesting was replayed clover and rape on the ground; Time is 25-28 day in June;

Step 2 is spread fertilizer over the fields diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer before replay, its amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 18-22kg/ mu, plows subsequently and tillage operation, clover kind and the rape kind ratio in 1:1.2-1.3 is mixed sowing;

Step 3 adopts the grain drill sowing, sowing line-spacing 13-15cm, degree of depth 1-2cm;

After step 4 rape and clover emerge, pour water respectively once in 3-8 day in July and 20-25 day in July;

The harvest time of step 5 clover and rape is 1-3 day in October, sprays gram before the results without the track aqua, the 150ml-200ml gram is watered 40-60kg without the track aqua sprays, and makes rape and cloverleaf quick dewatering drying, adopts afterwards the combine harvesting; The rape seed 60-70kg/ mu of gathering in the crops then, clover seedling density increases by 4.1 thousand strain/mus.

Described implantation methods, the gram of selecting is produced by Switzerland Syngenta Co.,Ltd without the track aqua.

The mechanism of action of the present invention: adopting precocious winter wheat is front stubble, obtains high yield and economic benefit, and sows in advance for the replay clover and to create conditions.After the winter wheat harvesting; in time plough tillage operation; then select the replay of special precocious rape and clover miscegenation; because rape is emerged rapidly, fast growth, blade are comparatively roomy; can be seedling of alfalfa shield portions sunlight; create comparatively shady and cool environment, avoided sunlight that alfalfa-leaves is burnt, improve the clover survival rate.In the growth of rape later stage, blade function begins the atrophy of degenerating, and blocking of illumination is acted on weaken, and this moment, clover was spent seedling stage, and photo-thermal is conducive to again alfalfa growing; After the rape maturation, every mu of usefulness 33% gram is watered 40kg without the track aqua and adopts machinery to spray, and makes the cauline leaf quick dewatering drying of clover and rape; Spray rear 7 days, adopt combine results and crushing straw, every mu increase income 300-350 unit, Second Year clover volume increase 75-85kg/ mu shows technological progress.

Embodiment

The present invention is described further in conjunction with the embodiments.

Embodiment

Experimental field: kind cattle farm, North SinKiang

Test arranges: minute A district, B district and C district, and area is 75 mu;

The A district is experimental field:

(1) select No. 22 sowings of new winter, the sowing time is on September 15th, 2009, broadcasts front deep placement base fertilizer phosphoric acid diamines 20kg/ mu, after planting pours water 2 times, and spring in 2010 imposed urea 25kg/ mu, poured water 3 times.

(2) in getting wheat on June 25th, 2010, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields diammonium phosphate 20kg/ mu as base fertilizer June 26, plow subsequently and tillage operation, wait to broadcast;

On June 27th, (3) 2010, after precocious rape and alfalfa seed mixed, adopt the grain drill sowing, seeding quantity is: alfalfa seed 1.5kg/ mu, rape seed 2.0kg/ mu; Line-spacing is 15cm, sowing depth 1.2cm;

On June 28th, (4) 2010, the test region is in time irrigated, and pours water respectively once July 5, July 22 again after rape and clover emerge;

(5) results: on October 1st, 2010, the every mu of use gram in test region is watered 40kg and sprays without track aqua (weed killer herbicide) 150ml, makes the cauline leaf rapid draing dehydration of clover and rape, October 7, adopts combine results rape seed and crushing straw;

In (6) 2011 year spring, investigation clover seedling density imposes urea 5kg/ mu, and growth is poured water 3 times in season, and clover in June 1, August 5 and harvesting on September 28, is dried rear packing, weighs respectively.

The B district is experimental field:

(1) select No. 22 sowings of new winter, the sowing time is on September 15th, 2009, broadcasts front deep placement base fertilizer phosphoric acid diamines 20kg/ mu, after planting pours water 2 times, and spring in 2010 imposed urea 25kg/ mu, poured water 3 times;

(2) in getting wheat on June 25th, 2010, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields diammonium phosphate 20kg/ mu on June 26 as base fertilizer, plow subsequently and tillage operation, wait to broadcast;

On June 27th, (3) 2010, adopt grain drill sowing clover, the clover seeding quantity is 1.5kg/ mu, line-spacing is 15cm, sowing depth 1.8cm;

On June 28th, (4) 2010, pour water once, after emerging, clover pours water respectively once July 5, July 22 again;

In (5) 2011 year spring, investigation clover seedling density imposes urea 5kg/ mu, and growth is poured water 3 times in season, and clover in June 1, August 5 and harvesting on September 28, is dried rear packing, weighs respectively.

The C district is experimental field:

(1) select No. 22 sowings of new winter, the sowing time is on September 15th, 2009, broadcasts front deep placement base fertilizer phosphoric acid diamines 20kg/ mu, after planting pours water 2 times, and spring in 2010 imposed urea 25kg/ mu, poured water 3 times;

In getting wheat on June 25th, 2010, spread fertilizer over the fields diammonium phosphate 20kg/ mu as base fertilizer, plow and tillage operation, wait to broadcast;

On September 1st, (2) 2010, adopt grain drill sowing clover, the amount of broadcasting 1.5kg/ mu, line-spacing 15cm, sowing depth 1-2cm;

On September 2nd, (3) 2010, the test region is irrigated, and pours water respectively once September 8, September 22 after clover emerges;

In (4) 2011 year spring, investigation clover seedling density imposes urea 5kg/ mu, and growth is poured water 3 times in season, and clover in June 1, August 5 and harvesting on September 28, is dried rear packing, weighs respectively.

The Baoding, grain drill effluent north that test is selected is prosperous to be flown to reach Agricultural Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd and produces model: 2BMF-24.

Result of the test checking of the present invention:

Determination of yield result and Economic and Efficiency Analysis (the A district adopts this method) see Table.

The watch test district drops into and output

As can be seen from the above table: the A district adopts the method for the invention, can increase income then rape seed 65kg/ mu; Second Year Alfalfa output increases respectively 30kg/ mu and 80kg/ mu than B district (clean culture in summer clover) and C district (clean culture in autumn clover), and clover seedling density increases respectively 4.1 thousand strain/mus and 0.8 thousand strain/mus; Two annual net profits increase by 374 yuan/mu.

This method is selected the new winter No. 22 (winter wheat variety, 261 days breeding times, Xinjiang nine standing grain kinds industry Co., Ltd bought); Phosphoric acid diamines (Chinese the means of agricultural production group Co., Ltd produce); Precocious rape (Gansu landrace, 60 days breeding times); Alfalfa seed (newly herd No. 1, flowers science service center, Xinjiang Agricultural Univ lawn is bought).

Claims (2)

1. the ripe implantation methods of wheatland replay clover rape two is characterized in that: the growing area of suitable winter wheat;

Step 1 is mixed the seed kind what the winter wheat of harvesting was replayed clover and rape on the ground; Time is 25-28 day in June;

Step 2 is spread fertilizer over the fields diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer before replay, its amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 18-22kg/ mu, plows subsequently and tillage operation, clover kind and the rape kind ratio in 1:1.2-1.3 is mixed sowing;

Step 3 adopts the grain drill sowing, sowing line-spacing 13-15cm, degree of depth 1-2cm;

After step 4 rape and clover emerge, pour water respectively once in 3-8 day in July and 20-25 day in July;

The harvest time of step 5 clover and rape is 1-3 day in October, sprays gram before the results without the track aqua, the 150ml-200ml gram is watered 40-60kg without the track aqua sprays, and makes rape and cloverleaf quick dewatering drying, adopts afterwards the combine harvesting; The rape seed 60-70kg/ mu of gathering in the crops then, clover seedling density increases by 4.1 thousand strain/mus.

2. implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gram of selecting is produced by Switzerland Syngenta Co.,Ltd without the track aqua.