CN102696380A - Method for inter-planting forage grass in orchards at karst rock desertification region - Google Patents
Method for inter-planting forage grass in orchards at karst rock desertification region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inter-planting forage grass in orchards at a karst rock desertification region, in particular a method for inter-planting leguminous forage grass and gramineous forage grass below fruit trees in the orchards, wherein the mixing weight ratio of the leguminous forage grass to the gramineous forage grass is (5-7):(3-5), and the seeding rate is 1.5-2.0 kg/mu. According to the method, the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass are selected and sowed in a mixed way according to the characteristics of high yield and low crude protein content of the gramineous forage grass and high crude protein content of the leguminous forage grass, so that the yield and the quality of the forage grass are improved, and the palatability of the forage grass and the absorption of livestock to the nutrients of the forage grass are enhanced; by performing mixed sowing on the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass according to a weight ratio of (5-7):(3-5) under fruit trees, the coverage ratio of land vegetation of the orchards is increased and water and soil loss is greatly reduced; and meanwhile, the soil fertility of the orchards can also be increased, the environment of the orchards is improved, the productivity of land is improved, and the aims of increasing the yield of fruit trees and the yield of the forage grass are fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage, belong to agriculture and forestry culture technique field.
Background technology
The southwest karst mountain area is typical Vulnerable Ecosystem, also is one of crucial ecotope of China.This district's water and soil loss and stony desertification are serious day by day, and the degeneration of ecotope is restricting the sustainable development in this district.Carrying out orchard interplanting herbage in Karst Mountain Areas is to improve the karst ecotope, and the effective way that the peasant is lifted oneself out of poverty on the one hand can developing agricultural economy, can stop the further deterioration of ecotope on the other hand.
At present; A lot of karsts raise fruit trees or orchard establishing; As setting up Li Guoyuan, Calusena lansium orchard, flue orchard in Karst Rocky Desertification Region, and karst peak cluster depression with fruit trees such as karst knob plantation pears, loquat, peach, Chinese chestnut, pomegranate.Because these orchards do not interplant herbage, ground does not have covering, and rainwater season, the orchard water and soil loss is comparatively serious, and the orchard benefit is relatively poor.Some area is carried out orchard interplanting herbage, and has been summed up technical method for making full use of the orchard redundant space, for example orchard interplanting Bai Sanye, perennial ryegrass, crowtoe, halymenia dentata technology (Li Xianfang, Guo's filial piety; Chen Guirong, Fang Lihong. orchard forage cultivating technology. Henan agricultural science, 1999, (9): 33); Orchard interplanting lomax, witloof, khuskhus, green foxtail technology (Jiang Yuxiu plants the herbage technology between the orchard. southern china fruit tree, 2004,33 (5): 97-98); Orchard interplanting alfalfa technology (Guo Yi, Li Yan, Korean-Chinese sea, Zheng Xianbo. orchard intercropping interplanting alfalfa technology. agricultural technology service; 2007,24 (11): 17), orchard interplanting Chamaecrista Rotundifolia technology (should be exposed to the sun by the woods immortality; Old grace, Yi Huang is refined, Weng Baiqi. and good fortune is drawn Chamaecrista Rotundifolia and orchard interplanting technology thereof. Fujian fruit tree, 2005; (133): 56-57), and the multiple herbage pattern of interplanting in the orchard (Hu Shengping. plant the pattern pre-test between fruit tree herbage. Sichuan animal and veterinary, 2002,29 (7): 43-44).Above-mentioned interplanting method can make full use of the space, orchard, improves the orchard environment, and can utilize herbage to culture the raising overall economic efficiency, but these orchard interplanting herbage technology mainly are applicable to the soil opposed flattened, irrigate non-easily karst.But the fragmentation degree is higher in the soil, Karst Rocky Desertification Region that lack the water source is difficult to carry out large tracts of land and promotes.In addition, above-mentioned technical method is mainly the single herbage method of interplanting, sow single herbage variety and be prone to produce disease, and the edible single variety herbage of domestic animal is unfavorable for nutrient balance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage.Adopt this method in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, to interplant herbage, can increase the orchard ground vegetation coverage, reduce orchard water and soil loss and water evaporates, and can effectively improve the orchard soil fertility, increase the output of fruit tree and herbage.
The method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage that can solve the problems of the technologies described above; Be in the orchard, to interplant leguminous forage and gramineous forage grass under the fruit tree; The mixed weight ratio of said leguminous forage and gramineous forage grass is 5～7:3～5, and seeding quantity is 1.5～2.0kg/ mu.
Described leguminous forage is a halymenia dentata, and gramineous forage grass is an alfalfa.
Above-mentioned method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) between 3～April, remove weeds in the orchard, the table soil under the loose fruit tree, interplanting halymenia dentata and alfalfa under fruit tree, water or do not water in suppression of soil, interplanting back; Wherein, the mixed weight of said halymenia dentata and alfalfa ratio is 5～7:3～5, and seeding quantity is 1.5～2.0kg/ mu;
2) when herbage growth extremely highly reaches 45～65cm, carry out cradling the first time, stubble height is 10～20cm;
Repeat the above-mentioned process that cradles when 3) treating herbage regrowth to 45～65cm, until not regrowth of herbage.
In order to reach the weeds eliminated in the soil and the purpose of insect as far as possible; Preferably before step 1), carry out soil and ted step; Described soil teds step: between 9～December of last one year of sowing the time; Under fruit tree, deep plough or deep-cut, remove in the soil and carry out airing behind the weeds rhizome.Said deep ploughing or the scope of deep-cutting are meant to be the center of circle with the trunks of fruit trees, deep plough on the soil beyond 1～1.5 meter of the radius or deep-cut; The deep ploughing or the degree of depth of deep-cutting are generally 15～25cm.
Carrying out after soil teds step, carrying out step 1) again after can be earlier applying barnyard manure, can more sufficient nutrient be provided for germination and the growth of postorder herbage like this by the amount of 1000～2000kg/ mu.
In the step 1) of said method, preferably mean temperature of air is sowed in time more than 10 ℃ again.
In the step 1) of said method, the thickness of interplanting back earthing is generally 1～3cm.In this step, utilize the abundant characteristics of karst rainwater in spring, behind the interplanting earthing, can water usually, if but behind the interplanting earthing, promptly carry out once manual work and water, can quicken the germination of herbage.
The step 2 of said method) in, germinate the back before cradle for the first time in herbage, if precipitation is arranged, then preferably in the rainfall first time or rain promptly once topdress after stopping with urea, to quicken nourishing and growing of herbage; The consumption of said urea is generally 5～10kg/ mu.In this step, preferably carry out cradling the first time when highly reaching 45cm～55cm when herbage growth, stubble height is preferably 10cm～15cm.
In the step 3) of said method, after each herbage cradles, if precipitation is arranged, then preferably in the rainfall first time after cradling or rain stop the back and once topdress with urea, to replenish soil nutrient consumption and to quicken herbage and nourish and grow; The consumption of said urea is generally 10～15kg/ mu.In this step, can carry out cradling the second time when treating herbage regrowth to 45～65cm, stubble height is 10～20cm; The process that repeat above-mentioned herbage growth, cradles is until not regrowth of herbage in autumn.Do not need to sow once more herbage in 1 year orchard, meet rainwater weather when spring, herbage can recover growth; If spring is arid, can manual work water once, identical with 1 year to cradling of herbage with management method.
In the said method, the scope of interplanting is meant to be the center of circle with the trunks of fruit trees under fruit tree, and radius is interplanted on 1～1.5 meter soil in addition.In this method, the time of interplanting herbage also can carry out in the fall, but the survival rate of herbage is not high in the interplanting in spring at this moment.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the method for the invention is:
1, select for use drought-enduring herbage variety to improve germination rate and survival rate; Be chosen in the karst and sow rainy season,, accomplish and after planting can carry out the manual work herbage of watering and to germinate voluntarily, effectively reduce the amount of labour through drinking up the rain because rainwater is abundant;
2, in the orchard, interplant gramineous forage grass and leguminous forage with the method for the invention; According to gramineous forage grass output is high but crude protein content is low; The characteristics that the leguminous forage crude protein content is high; Select pulse family, gramineous forage grass to carry out mixed seeding, thereby improve the yield and quality of herbage, palatability of enhancing herbage and domestic animal are to the herbage nutrient absorbing;
3, through under fruit tree, carrying out the mixed seeding of pulse family, gramineous forage grass, not only improved the face of land, orchard vegetation coverage, to significantly reduce water and soil loss by the weight ratio of 5～7:3～5; Simultaneously can also increase the orchard soil fertility, improve the orchard environment, improve productivity of land, reach the purpose that increases output of the fruit tree and forage yield.
Embodiment
With embodiment the present invention is described further below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
2006～2008, in the kingfisher hat theatre (15 mu of orchard areas) of Quanzhou County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Karst Rocky Desertification Region, interplant the herbage test.In the theatre, having carried out halymenia dentata and alfalfa respectively tests by weight ratio mixed seeding, alfalfa clean culture, halymenia dentata clean culture and the blank of 5:5 by weight ratio mixed seeding, halymenia dentata and the alfalfa of 7:3.
The method of interplanting herbage is undertaken by the method for the invention, and concrete steps are following:
1) turned in the orchard that (scope of turning over is to be the center of circle with the pear tree trunk, carries out the about 20cm of ploughing depth, the rhizome that weeds a garden, airing soil on the soil beyond 1～1.5 meter of the radius in late October, 2006;
2) in early March, 2007 applies cow dung by the consumption of 1000kg/ mu, with creeper soil leveling around the pear tree, loose table soil;
3) in mid-March, 2007, mean temperature of air broadcasts sowing grass seed on the table soil under the loose pear tree in the time of 15 ℃; The orchard is divided into 5 ground, and every takes up an area of 3 mu, carries out broadcasting sowing of different grass seeds respectively, specifically:
Plot, the interplanting halymenia dentata mixes the grass seed that obtains with alfalfa by the weight ratio of 7:3, mixed seeding seeding quantity 1.5kg/ mu;
Second ground, the interplanting halymenia dentata mixes the grass seed that obtains with alfalfa by the weight ratio of 5:5, mixed seeding seeding quantity 1.5kg/ mu;
The 3rd ground, interplanting halymenia dentata, seeding quantity 1.5kg/ mu;
The 4th ground, interplanting alfalfa, seeding quantity 1.5kg/ mu;
The 5th ground is control group, not interplanting;
Above-mentioned first to fourth ground is all sowed with the mode of broadcasting sowing, earthing 2～3cm immediately after planting, suppression, leveling;
4) the first tenday period of a month in May, 2007, the herbage growth height on first to fourth ground reaches about 60cm, and carry out manual work first time cradle this moment, and stubble height 12～15cm measures the weight of the fresh herbage that each piece ground gathers in the crops respectively;
5) in early June, 2007, the herbage growth height on first to fourth ground reaches about 60cm, and carry out manual work second time cradle this moment, and stubble height 10～12cm measures the weight of the fresh herbage that each piece ground gathers in the crops respectively; Rainfall was arranged, after rain stops, with urea five ground are all topdressed amount of urea 10kg/ mu immediately in the 7th day after this cradles;
6) in early July, 2007, when the herbage growth height on first to fourth ground reached about 55cm, carried out manual work for the third time and cradle this moment, and stubble height 12～15cm measures the weight of the fresh herbage that each piece ground gathers in the crops respectively; Rainfall was arranged, after rain stops, with urea five ground are all topdressed amount of urea 10kg/ mu immediately in the 10th day after this cradles;
7) in late August, 2007, the herbage growth height on first to fourth ground reaches about 50cm, and carry out the 4th manual work cradle this moment, and stubble height 10～12cm measures the weight of the fresh herbage that each piece ground gathers in the crops respectively;
8) in mid-October, 2007, the herbage growth height on first to fourth ground reaches about 50cm, and carry out the 5th manual work cradle this moment, and stubble height 10～12cm measures the weight of the fresh herbage that each piece ground gathers in the crops respectively.
In May, 2007～2007 cradle 5 times year October altogether, and calculate the gross weight of the fresh herbage of each piece ground results; At the soil erosion amount of measuring after each rainfall between in April, 2007 to December under the different interplanting patterns in orchard, and, calculate the soil erosion modulus of soil erosion total amount as each piece ground the soil erosion amount addition that each time records; And measure pear tree per mu yield under the different interplanting patterns in theatre in November, 2007; Measure the orchard soil nutrient in December, 2007, and the result is shown in below table 1.
Different interplanting mode forage yields, pears output and soil physico-chemical property under the pear tree of table 1 karst
Can be known that by data in the table 1 pear tree is down by proportioning interplanting halymenia dentata according to the invention and alfalfa, mixed seeding pattern results herbage fresh weight is far above clean culture herbage pattern herbage fresh weight; Wherein halymenia dentata and alfalfa are with 7:3 and the mixed seeding interplanting under pear tree of 5:5 ratio; Emerald green hat pears output is compared photograph (not interplanting) high 15% and 7.7% respectively; Soil pH value is compared respectively according to high 0.76 and 0.78, and the quick-acting nitrogen contents of soil are compared respectively according to exceeding 10.8% and 17.1%, and soil quick-effective phosphor content is respectively 7.5 times and 7 times of contrast; The soil quick-acting potassium content is respectively 1.7 times and 1.4 times of contrast, and soil erosion amount is respectively 5.1% and 6.3% of contrast.Though interplanting alfalfa also has raising to soil pH value, quick-acting nitrogen and pears output under the pear tree, it is good not interplant tame grass mixture for minimizing water and soil loss effect, and rapid available phosphorus, available potassium and forage yield are all best with the interplanting tame grass mixture.Composite score can be found out: under the fruit tree in Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplant herbage with the method for the invention, can effectively reduce the orchard water and soil loss, increase soil nutrient, improve the output of fruit tree and herbage.
Claims (10)
1. in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplant the method for herbage; It is characterized in that: in the orchard, interplant leguminous forage and gramineous forage grass under the fruit tree; The mixed weight ratio of said leguminous forage and gramineous forage grass is 5～7:3～5, and seeding quantity is 1.5～2.0kg/ mu.
2. method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described leguminous forage is a halymenia dentata, gramineous forage grass is an alfalfa.
3. method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage according to claim 2 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) between 3～April, remove weeds in the orchard, the table soil under the loose fruit tree, interplanting halymenia dentata and alfalfa under fruit tree, water or do not water in suppression of soil, interplanting back; Wherein, the mixed weight of said halymenia dentata and alfalfa ratio is 5～7:3～5, and seeding quantity is 1.5～2.0kg/ mu;
2) when herbage growth extremely highly reaches 45～65cm, carry out cradling the first time, stubble height is 10～20cm;
Repeat the above-mentioned process that cradles when 3) treating herbage regrowth to 45～65cm, until not regrowth of herbage.
4. method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: before step 1), carry out soil and ted step; Described soil teds step: between 9～December of last one year of sowing the time; Under fruit tree, deep plough or deep-cut, remove in the soil and carry out airing behind the weeds rhizome.
5. according to claim 4 in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard method of interplanting herbage, it is characterized in that: carrying out after soil teds step, carrying out step 1) again after applying barnyard manure by the amount of 1000～2000kg/ mu earlier.
6. according to claim 3 in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard method of interplanting herbage, it is characterized in that: step 2) in, herbage germinates the back before cradle for the first time, in the rainfall first time or rain promptly once topdress after stopping with urea.
7. method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the consumption of said urea is 5～10kg/ mu.
8. according to claim 3 in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard method of interplanting herbage, it is characterized in that: in the step 3), in the time of first time rainfall after each herbage cradles or rain promptly once topdress after stopping with urea.
9. according to each described method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage in the claim 2～8, it is characterized in that: mean temperature of air is sowed in time more than 10 ℃ again.
10. according to each described method of in the Karst Rocky Desertification Region orchard, interplanting herbage in the claim 2～8, it is characterized in that: the thickness of interplanting back earthing is 1～3cm.
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