CN106856972A - Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds - Google Patents

Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106856972A
CN106856972A CN201710244238.2A CN201710244238A CN106856972A CN 106856972 A CN106856972 A CN 106856972A CN 201710244238 A CN201710244238 A CN 201710244238A CN 106856972 A CN106856972 A CN 106856972A
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Prior art keywords
lyme grass
seed
sowing
lyme
tibet
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CN201710244238.2A
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余成群
朱新强
孙维
李锦华
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Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources of CAS
Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine CAAS
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Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources of CAS
Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine CAAS
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Priority to CN201710244238.2A priority Critical patent/CN106856972A/en
Publication of CN106856972A publication Critical patent/CN106856972A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to plant planting field, particularly Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds, the strong kind of selection high yield, high-quality, annidation, selection preservation capacity of water and fertility is strong, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable plot of clay fertilizer condition, drilling is carried out using mode of unicast, sowing time in spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chujun can, the lyme grass meadow jointing stage top application urea of Productivity, potassium nitrate is sprayed in tillering stage, jointing stage, appropriate field management is carried out, One-Jiang River and Two-Be Rivers in Tibet area lyme grass seed production can be effectively provided.

Description

Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds
Technical field:
The present invention relates to plant planting field, particularly Tibetan area lyme grass method for cultivating seeds, for improving a Tibet " river The yield of two rivers " area lyme grass seed.
Background technology:
For a long time, Tibet is herded because of the restriction of the factors such as physical geography, resources supplIes, technical merit, traditional management style Grass seed breeds more slow with the development level of process technology, with Tibet as one of the big province of big animal husbandry of China five status simultaneously Do not correspond.Tibet Cultivated herbage or forage crop seed be unable to localization production or or most of dependence transfered to other localities kind from area, Bottleneck as Tibet Grassland animal husbandry great-leap-forward development.Breed good grass seed, develops seed process technology, realizes Tibet Grass seed localization is produced, and is to promote local animal husbandry development, improves the basis of peasants and herdsmen's living standard, is also to realize Qinghai-Tibet The inevitable requirement that plateau Grassland ecosystems stabilization develops in a healthy way.
One-Jiang River and Two-Be Rivers in Tibet area is the most important agriculture and animal husbandry Industrial Area in Tibet, belongs to the semiarid monsoon gas in plateau temperate zone Wait, 3500~4500m of height above sea level, with good heat condition.Sunshine-duration is long, about 7.5 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year.Rainy season precipitation collection In, the mostly weather of clear night in daytime rain, annual precipitation 430mm or so, more than 80% rainfall concentrates on June to September.
Elymus nutans (Elymus nutans Griseb.) is grass family (Gramineae) Elymuss (Elymus L.) Perennual Grass, was wild species originally, was distributed on China Tibet, northwest, North China and other places, wide adaptability, special resistance to Cold drought resisting, is constructive species in the high and cold humid region of Qinghai-Tibet 2500~4000m of height above sea level, is valuable forage plant.Hang down Fringe lyme grass has the cultivation history of more than 30 years, with big as one of most wide high quality forage of Tibet cultivated area in Tibet The basis of area plantation, has been equipped with the condition as Tibet Alpine forage main cultivated orages, can largely alleviate natural The load poultry pressure in pasture, is conducive to the recovery of natural grassland productivity and the improvement of ecological environment.Elymus nutans winter resistance is strong, - 41 DEG C of area can safe overwintering in the winter time.In recent years, cultivated area of the Elymus nutans in Tibet gradually expands, to native country Change being in great demand for seed, its seed production problem is particularly important in local Animal husbandry production.The fringe that hangs down at this stage is draped over one's shoulders The alkali grass seed mode of production and technology are also relatively backward, and scientific and technological content is low, cause the yield and industrialization level of seed relatively low, no The need for meeting currently.
In the plantation extensively of Tibet height above sea level 4000m or so areas, its Growing Characters possesses local Elymus nutans completely Reproduction Conditions, but do not set up the breeding base of scale still at present, seed cannot be self-supporting, a large amount of seeds rely on from Qinghai, Gansu, Buy, it is necessary to government or company organization on the ground such as Inner Mongol.Due to long-term closing and traditional animal husbandry management style, west is limited Hide the industrialization of Seed Production.If lyme grass, clover, oat are the local Dominant Species of Forage Grass that can form marketization production, but It is the byproduct on the basis of forage grass is harvested that seed is harvested in actual production, and the mode of production is original, with low content of technology, and seed is produced Amount is changed greatly.Tibet climatic characteristic significantly affects grass seed yield, and Introduction of forage grass species is particularly acute.Analyzing influence Tibet Lyme grass seed factor of production, mainly there is three aspects:One be height above sea level high and low temperature to solid influence, two is soil fertility Not enough influence, three is the indefinite, lack of standardization of cultivating and growing technology.
The content of the invention:
Relatively low to solve the problems, such as above-mentioned One-Jiang River and Two-Be Rivers in Tibet area lyme grass seed production, the purpose of the present invention is to carry For a kind of Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds, One-Jiang River and Two-Be Rivers in Tibet area lyme grass seed production is improved.
Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds, comprises the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety
Lyme grass kind should select the strong kind of high yield, high-quality, annidation.By for many years in Lhasa city Dazi Experience, local suitable planting Elymus nutans are planted for many years by county, the Shannan Prefecture.
(2) selection of land, site preparation
Selection preservation capacity of water and fertility is strong, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable plot of clay fertilizer condition.Before sowing, plot plough to go out Stubble, dead soil need to be ploughed with reference to soil and apply appropriate barnyard manure.
(3) seeding method
Lyme grass seed-breeding field typically carries out drilling using mode of unicast, and sowing field is proposed with 30 centimetres of line-spacings.Sowing is deep 1~2 centimetre of degree.
(4) application rate
Depending on the application rate of Elymus nutans is according to local climate and seed quality, arid, cold district should increase the amount of broadcasting, To improve emergence rate.Under suitable condition, application rate is 30kg/hm2-45kg/hm2, high altitude localities soil and light and heat condition compared with Difference, perennial grass is difficult successfully for plantation, even so the meadow of results seed, low application rate is not emphasized yet.
(5) sowing time
Sowing time in spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chujun can.Sow in spring and completed at the beginning of late April to 5 months, summer, autumn sowing need to be 8 Sowing was completed before the middle of the month;Planted in fall weed encroachment is lighter, but unsuitable too late.Height above sea level area higher, broadcasts after by the end of August Influence is planted to survive the winter.
(6) urea is imposed
The lyme grass meadow jointing stage top application urea of Productivity, as a result with the increase of the urea amount of applying, vertical fringe drapes over one's shoulders alkali Grass seeds suboutput increases therewith, and Elymus nutans seed production is significantly improved, with dose 200kg/hm2When effect preferably, Seed production reaches 536.49kg/hm2.Further increase the urea amount of applying to fail to understand the increasing action of Elymus nutans seed production It is aobvious.
(7) potassium nitrate is sprayed
Potassium be plant necessary to one of nutrient, different times spray potash fertilizer has promotion to Elymus nutans seed production Effect.In Elymus nutans meadow, herbage is cradled every year and takes away a large amount of soil nutrients, exacerbate soil potassium deficiency.
The lyme grass meadow of Productivity sprays potassium nitrate in different growing (tillering stage, jointing stage), finds nitric acid Potassium can increase the actual seed production of Elymus nutans.Jointing stage sprays potassium nitrate seed production and can reach 221.8kg/hm2, with Control CK significant differences (P<0.05).
After time for spraying is sunny 11 points calm of morning, when morning dew is larger, should be less when dew Or sprayed during without dew.If after the same day sprays, afternoon or evening rain, should be in second day repeat spraying once.The mark for spraying Standard is:Blade face is squirted, top layer blade face and lower floor blade face spray uniformly, spray 1-2 times.
(8) field management
Irrigate:Season for irrigaton should be carried out in lyme grass planting and before the bud differentiation stage.When breeding time enters dough stage Without irrigating, less water content is kept, seed production higher can be obtained.
Weed control:After lyme grass emerges, easily by weed infestation, management of weeds is the important step in cultivation.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The method of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control must be according to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", various skills Art measure organically combines, cost-effectively the Risk health behavior of disease pest under certain level.
(9) seed is harvested
Sowing should be carried out when full field fruit ear 60% turns yellow, late then seed shedding.Sowing herbage toothing is at 5~7 centimetres It is advisable.In view of the weather conditions of Tibet region, the seed harvest time of trial zone is mid or late August.Usual early morning harvests, by it It is positioned in plot in strip after cradling, conventional Exposure to Sunlight aeration drying is dried, is positioned over thereafter in airing field and teds.
Elymus nutans seed has awns, it is necessary to it is carried out to be processed except awns, be beneficial to the later stage cleans work.Bearder is Acted on using the strike of rotation ratch at a high speed, and the mutually extruding of generation and rubbing, by the awns of seed, suede etc. is removed, so that Reach the effect except awns.
Cleaned using pneumatic jig or method that proportion is cleaned is cleaned to Elymus nutans seed.
According to standard GB/T 6142-2008, Elymus nutans seed moisture content is reached no more than 11%.Cleaned by classification The seed crossed, is put in storage after pack, to be inspected periodically during storage, prevents loss of going rotten, and prevents seed from piling up and heats up, it is also noted that Worm, the generation and prevention of the plague of rats.
The invention has the advantages that:
The Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds that the present invention is provided, to solve One-Jiang River and Two-Be Rivers in Tibet area lyme grass The relatively low problem of seed production, is controlled by Fruit variety, sowing time, imposes urea, sprays the measures such as potash fertilizer, field management, One-Jiang River and Two-Be Rivers in Tibet area lyme grass seed production can be effectively provided.
Specific embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Lhasa Dazi County ecology experiment station is specifically tested, and is followed the steps below:
(1) Fruit variety
Lyme grass Fruit variety Elymus nutans.
(2) selection of land, site preparation
Selection preservation capacity of water and fertility is strong, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable plot of clay fertilizer condition;Before sowing, plot plough to go out Stubble, dead soil need to be ploughed with reference to soil and apply appropriate barnyard manure.
(3) seeding method
Lyme grass seed-breeding field carries out drilling using mode of unicast, using 35 centimetres of line-spacings, 1~2 centimetre of depth of planting.
(4) application rate
The application rate of lyme grass is 15kg/hm2-30kg/hm2
(5) sowing time
Sowing time spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chujun can, sow in spring at the beginning of late April to 5 months complete, summer, autumn sowing need to be 8 Sowing was completed before the middle of the month.
(6) urea is imposed
The lyme grass meadow jointing stage top application urea of Productivity, dose 200kg/hm2
(7) potassium nitrate is sprayed
The lyme grass meadow of Productivity sprays potassium nitrate in tillering stage, jointing stage.
After time for spraying is sunny 11 points calm of weather, when morning dew is larger, should be less when dew Or sprayed during without dew.If after the same day sprays, afternoon or evening rain, should be in second day repeat spraying once.The mark for spraying Standard is:Blade face is squirted, top layer blade face and lower floor blade face spray uniformly, spray 1-2 times.
(8) field management
Irrigate:Season for irrigaton should be carried out in lyme grass planting and before the bud differentiation stage, without irrigating after dough stage.
Weed control:After lyme grass emerges, management of weeds is carried out.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The method of disease pest control of weeds according to " putting prevention first, integrated control " policy, various technologies Measure organically combines.
(9) seed is harvested
Sowing should be carried out when full field fruit ear 60% turns yellow, and sowing herbage toothing is at 5~7 centimetres.Seed harvest time It is mid or late August.It is positioned in plot in strip after being cradled, is dried with Exposure to Sunlight aeration drying, is positioned over dries in the air thereafter Tedded in threshing ground.
The awns of seed, suede are removed using bearder.
Lyme grass seed cleaned, dried, pack after be put in storage.
In order to illustrate technique effect of the invention, the examination of different sowing line-spacings is carried out in Lhasa Dazi County ecology experiment station Test, result of the test shows, when it is 35cm to sow line-spacing, Elymus nutans highest seed production is 465.96kg/hm2, than 15cm line-spacings are high by 21.46%, higher than 45cm line-spacing by 32.34%.
Elymus nutans seed production compares under the conditions of the different spacings of table 1
In the meadow jointing stage top application urea of Elymus nutans Productivity, then determine Elymus nutans seed and produce Amount, as a result with the increase of the urea amount of applying, Elymus nutans seed production increases therewith, when dose reaches 200kg/hm2When, Seed production reaches 536.49kg/hm2.Further increase the urea amount of applying to fail to understand the increasing action of Elymus nutans seed production It is aobvious.
Influence (kg/hm of the urea top application amount of table 2 to Elymus nutans seed production2)
Dose Repeat I Repeat II Repeat III Repeat IV Averagely
80 180.36 153.64 328.99 187.04 212.51
120 285.57 187.04 305.61 280.56 264.70
160 440.88 410.82 392.45 330.66 393.70
200 354.04 400.80 771.54 619.57 536.49
240 322.31 283.90 586.17 494.32 421.68
Potassium be plant necessary to one of nutrient, there is important effect in plant growth and metabolism.Many researchs Prove that potassium plays the role of to raising grass seed production positive.In Elymus nutans meadow, herbage is cradled every year A large amount of soil nutrients are taken away, soil potassium deficiency is exacerbated.The ability that potassium is absorbed from soil due to graminous pasture generally compares pulse family Herbage is strong, so it is the major measure for improving seed production and quality that potassium is applied in the production of Elymus nutans seed.
The experiment that Elymus nutans different growing sprays potassium nitrate, potash fertilizer are carried out in Lhasa Dazi County ecology experiment station For the special potassium fertilizer of academy of agricultural sciences of Gansu Province production (contains potassium nitrate 98%, 1%) spraying concentration is.If 4 treatment:①CK;2. divide The tiller phase;3. jointing stage;4. boot stage.Each 3 repetition for the treatment of.Field management measure is consistent.
Test result indicate that, tillering stage and jointing stage spray potassium nitrate, and Elymus nutans seed production increases notable, to hanging down Fringe lyme grass seed production has different degrees of influence.Wherein jointing stage seed actual production is 221.8kg/hm2, and compare CK Significant difference (P<0.05).
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, on the premise of the technology of the present invention principle is not departed from, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications Also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety
The strong kind of lyme grass Fruit variety high yield, high-quality, annidation;
(2) selection of land, site preparation
Selection preservation capacity of water and fertility is strong, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable plot of clay fertilizer condition;Before sowing, plot is carried out to plough stubble-cleaning, it is poor Lean soil need to be ploughed with reference to soil and apply appropriate barnyard manure;
(3) seeding method
Lyme grass seed-breeding field carries out drilling using mode of unicast, using 30 centimetres of line-spacings, 1~2 centimetre of depth of planting;
(4) application rate
Depending on the application rate of lyme grass is according to local climate and seed quality;
(5) sowing time
Sowing time in spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chujun can;
(6) urea is imposed
The lyme grass meadow jointing stage top application urea of Productivity;
(7) potassium nitrate is sprayed
Productivity and later lyme grass meadow spray potassium nitrate in booting-florescence;
After the time for spraying is 11 points of sunny calm weather, when morning dew is larger, should be less or without dew when dew Sprayed during water;If after the same day sprays, afternoon or evening rain, should be in second day repeat spraying once;The standard for spraying is:Spray Wet leaves face, top layer blade face and lower floor blade face spray uniformly, spray 1-2 times;
(8) field management
Irrigate:Irrigation should be carried out before the lyme grass bud differentiation stage, without irrigating after dough stage;
Weed control:After lyme grass emerges, management of weeds is carried out;
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The method of disease pest control of weeds according to " putting prevention first, integrated control " policy, various technical measures Organically combine;
(9) seed is harvested
Sowing should be carried out when full field fruit ear 60% turns yellow, and sowing herbage toothing is at 5~7 centimetres;Seed harvest time is because of product Plant and height above sea level the change of divergence is larger, be positioned in plot in strip after cradling fertile tillers, be dried with Exposure to Sunlight aeration drying, its After be positioned in airing field ted, threshing, drying;
The awns of seed, suede are removed using bearder;
Lyme grass seed cleaned, dried, pack after be put in storage.
2. Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (1) Middle lyme grass kind is Elymus nutans.
3. Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (4) Middle application rate, is 30kg/hm in arid, the cold district amount of broadcasting2-45kg/hm2
4. Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (5), Sowing time, sow in spring and completed at the beginning of late April to 5 months, summer, autumn sowing need to complete sowing before mid-August.
5. Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (6), Impose urea, dose 200kg/hm2
CN201710244238.2A 2017-04-14 2017-04-14 Tibet region lyme grass method for cultivating seeds Pending CN106856972A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107258152A (en) * 2017-07-04 2017-10-20 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 A kind of method of lyme grass seed quick-speed germination
CN109258325A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-25 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 A kind of extremely frigid zones lyme grass implantation methods
CN110720360A (en) * 2019-11-26 2020-01-24 四川省草原科学研究院 Slope protection hydraulic spray seeding matrix and preparation method and application thereof
CN111373991A (en) * 2020-04-02 2020-07-07 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 Method for effectively increasing mineral element nutrition in grassland soil
CN117598063A (en) * 2023-11-20 2024-02-27 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 Method for improving germination rate of tibetan wild elymus-cape jasmine seeds

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CN101138297A (en) * 2007-09-28 2008-03-12 西北农林科技大学 Method for artificially breeding seeds of Tibetan wild Baqing lyme grass
CN103749125A (en) * 2014-01-07 2014-04-30 北京师范大学 Method for planting elymus cylindricus under typical grassland rain-fed conditions

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CN101138297A (en) * 2007-09-28 2008-03-12 西北农林科技大学 Method for artificially breeding seeds of Tibetan wild Baqing lyme grass
CN103749125A (en) * 2014-01-07 2014-04-30 北京师范大学 Method for planting elymus cylindricus under typical grassland rain-fed conditions

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107258152A (en) * 2017-07-04 2017-10-20 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 A kind of method of lyme grass seed quick-speed germination
CN109258325A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-25 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 A kind of extremely frigid zones lyme grass implantation methods
CN110720360A (en) * 2019-11-26 2020-01-24 四川省草原科学研究院 Slope protection hydraulic spray seeding matrix and preparation method and application thereof
CN110720360B (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-10-19 四川省草原科学研究院 Slope protection hydraulic spray seeding matrix and preparation method and application thereof
CN111373991A (en) * 2020-04-02 2020-07-07 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 Method for effectively increasing mineral element nutrition in grassland soil
CN117598063A (en) * 2023-11-20 2024-02-27 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 Method for improving germination rate of tibetan wild elymus-cape jasmine seeds
CN117598063B (en) * 2023-11-20 2024-05-07 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 Method for improving germination rate of tibetan wild elymus-cape jasmine seeds

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Application publication date: 20170620