CN110959474A - Planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in dragon orchard - Google Patents
Planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in dragon orchard Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard, which comprises the following specific steps: soil fertility culture, dragon fruit planting, early-maturing tender soybean planting and vine-free pumpkin planting; according to the invention, through adopting soil fertility culture, the high-efficiency high-quality organic matter is formed for the soil by utilizing the rapid growth characteristic of the Tianlan alfalfa, and then the Tianlan alfalfa is ploughed into the soil to be matched with the action of the earthworms; rich humus and soluble mineral substances are formed, the microorganism content and the fertilizer effect element content in the deep layer of the soil are improved, and the nutrition of the soil is distributed evenly; and tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins are intercropped among the dragon fruit rows, so that the growth rate of weeds among the dragon fruit rows is reduced, the activity space of pathogenic microorganisms among the dragon fruit rows is reduced, the land benefit is increased, and the planting cost is also reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard.
Background
Pitaya, also known as red dragon fruit, dragon pearl fruit, immortal fruit, yulong fruit, fruit of plants of family cactaceae, genus gastrodiae, is oval, 10-12 cm in diameter, red or yellow in appearance, has a green rounded triangular frond, white, red or yellow flesh, and has black seeds. The dragon fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in function, and contains plant albumin and anthocyanin which are few in common plants, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers. The dragon fruit belongs to cool fruit, and in a natural state, the fruit is ripe in summer and autumn, and is sweet and juicy.
Dragon fruits are succulent plants that have climax for many years. The plant has no main root, the lateral roots are distributed in the superficial soil layer in large quantity, and simultaneously, a plurality of aerial roots are generated, so that the plant can grow in a climbing manner. The rootstock is dark green and thick, the length can reach 7 meters, the thickness is 10-12 cm, and the rootstock has 3 edges. The edges are flat, the edges are wavy, climbing roots grow at the stem nodes and can climb on other plants to grow, the number of the ribs is 3, and the sunken part of each segment of the stem node is provided with small thorns. Due to long-term growth in tropical desert regions, the leaves have degenerated and the photosynthesis function is taken over by the stems. The inside of the stem is provided with a large number of parenchyma cells full of viscous liquid, which is beneficial to absorbing as much water as possible in rainy season; the buds have a large number of compound buds and mixed bud primordia, and can be extracted into leaf buds and flower buds; the flower bud can be transformed to leaf buds at the early development stage under the condition of proper temperature; and the top tissue of the vigorously growing branch can also be used for generating flower buds under proper conditions. It is also called Bawanghua because it is white, under the huge ovary and about 30cm long. However, the existing dragon fruit has low yield and low land space utilization efficiency.
At present, the pitaya cultivation species intercropping method is more, but extensive intercropping is mostly simply carried out according to the height of crops, targeted combination is not carried out according to the growth characteristics of the pitaya, personalized water and fertilizer management on intercropping plants is lacked, and the comprehensive benefit of land is not obvious; the intervention of pest control in intercropping is relatively lacked, the yield is easily reduced after long-time planting, and the investment of fertilizers and pesticides is increased; therefore, the technology of pitaya intercropping is still to be perfected at present, and the targeted intercropping of the pitaya and the purslane is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard, so that the intercropping benefit is improved, the soil fertilizer efficiency is increased, and the occurrence efficiency of insect pests in cultivation is reduced.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) soil fertility culture
Selecting sandy loam with the altitude of below 600m, the average temperature of 1 month of more than 0 ℃, the gradient of less than 15 ℃ and the thickness of a cultivated layer of more than 40cm, fertilizing farmyard manure according to 700 kg/mu of 600 plus materials, applying farmyard manure according to 1100 kg/mu of 800 plus materials, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-40cm, broadcasting the Tianlan alfalfa, and shallowly ploughing by 15-25 cm; after the Tianlan alfalfa grows to 15-18cm, using earthworm seeds in the soil, and ploughing the soil by 15-20 cm;
(2) dragon fruit planting
After the previous step is finished, arranging cement columns according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, inserting 1-2-year-old, strong and 60-80 cm-long dragon fruit branches without diseases and insect pests around the cement columns, and controlling the planting density to be 430-470 plants/mu; spraying an adsorption matrix with the thickness of 3-4cm at the root of each dragon fruit branch after planting, using a compound fertilizer every 3 months, and spraying a microbial liquid fertilizer after the compound fertilizer is applied for 2-3 days; spraying organic acid diluent on dragon fruit branches every month when the growth height of the dragon fruits exceeds 2 m; the temperature in summer exceeds 30 ℃, and cooling liquid is sprayed in the whole garden; the adsorption matrix is as follows: uniformly mixing 50-70 parts of tea leaves, 30-50 parts of walnut leaves, 100-150 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of calcium hydroxide and 8-10 parts of potassium permanganate in parts by mass, and adding clear water to adjust the content of the mixture to 40-45%; the preparation method of the organic acid solution comprises the following steps: mixing 13-15 parts of sweet potato starch, 20-30 parts of vinegar residues, 1-3 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-3 parts of calcium chloride, 1-3 parts of magnesium nitrate 300-; the cooling liquid is prepared by mixing clear water and matrine according to the mass ratio of 1300: 1;
(3) planting of early-maturing tender soybeans
In the middle and last ten days of 1 month, deeply turning the rows of the dragon fruits, selecting early-maturing tender soybean varieties, and planting two rows of the early-maturing tender soybean varieties in the rows of the dragon fruits according to the plant spacing of 20cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; then covering with a mulching film, and harvesting from the first ten days of 4 months to the first 5 months;
(4) vine-free pumpkin planting method
In the last ten days of 9 months, deeply turning the rows of the dragon fruits, and in the middle ten days of 10 months, transplanting two rows of vine-free pumpkin seedlings between the rows of the dragon fruits, and covering the vine-free pumpkin seedlings with mulching films; when the vine-free pumpkin seedlings grow to 20-25 cm; applying the quick-acting fertilizer every two weeks; the planting row spacing of the rattan-free pumpkin is 35cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm.
Further, in the step (1), the farmyard manure is prepared by mixing the fungus sticks, the wood chips and the decomposed pig manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 5.
Further, in the step (1), the planting density of the Tianlan alfalfa is 20-25 grains per square meter.
Further, in the step (1), the earthworm species are Taiping No. three earthworm species, and the using density is 10-15 strips per square meter.
Further, in the step (2), the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and decomposed chicken manure in a mass ratio of 3:1:80, and the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: digging a cave with the depth of 10-20cm at the distance of 10-15cm from the dragon fruit branches, and applying the compound fertilizer into the cave, wherein the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 150-200g for each cave.
Further, in the step (2), the preparation method of the microbial liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 1-3 parts of EM bacteria, 2-3 parts of urea phosphate, 1-3 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-8 parts of potato starch, 1-3 parts of brown sugar powder, 5-10 parts of bone meal, 20-30 parts of pennisetum hydridum powder and 300 parts of clear water in parts by mass, culturing for 3-5 days at 30-35 ℃, adding 3-5 parts of rhizobia, and uniformly mixing; the use method of the residual microbial liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the microbial liquid fertilizer by 10-15 times, applying the compound fertilizer to the surface of the cave, turning over soil with the thickness of 3-5cm, wetting 200ml and 250ml of soil in each cave, and covering soil and compacting.
Further, in the step (4), the preparation method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing and fermenting 20-30 parts of bean dregs, 30-35 parts of vinasse, 5-8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 10-15 parts of alfalfa powder and 100-200 parts of livestock urine for 3-5 weeks in parts by mass, adding 200-300 parts of clean water, 5-8 parts of sodium phosphate and 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, and uniformly mixing; the application method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the quick-acting fertilizer by 8-10 times, and watering the pumpkin plants 5-10 away from the vine by 350ml of water according to 300 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the soil fertility culture is adopted, the high-efficiency high-quality organic matter is formed for the soil by utilizing the rapid growth characteristic of the Tianlan alfalfa, and then the Tianlan alfalfa is ploughed into the soil to be matched with the action of the earthworms, so that rich humus and soluble mineral substances are formed, the microorganism content and the fertilizer effect element content in the deep layer of the soil are improved, and the nutrition of the soil is uniformly distributed; through the induction of deep soil nutrition and the promotion of microbial secretion on the root system, the longitudinal growth of the root system of the dragon fruit in the soil is facilitated, the ground grasping capability of the root system of the dragon fruit is improved, the absorption of the dragon fruit on soil nutrients in a larger range is promoted, and the environmental stress resistance of the dragon fruit is increased; beneficial to the later propagation of probiotics such as EM bacteria in the fertilizer and the like, and promotes the formation of probiotic microbial communities in soil.
In addition, according to the characteristics of the growth cycle of the dragon fruits, the tender soybeans and the rattan-free pumpkins are intercropped among the dragon fruit rows, so that the growth rate of weeds among the dragon fruit rows is reduced, the activity space of pathogenic microorganisms among the dragon fruit rows is reduced, the land benefit is increased, and the planting cost is also reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a statistical chart of the pest incidence of 3 cycles of young soybeans planted in an experimental group.
Fig. 2 is a statistical chart of the pest incidence of 3 cycles of young soybeans planted consecutively in comparative 2 groups.
FIG. 3 is a statistical chart of insect pest incidence rate of pumpkin planted in experimental groups for 3 continuous periods.
FIG. 4 is a statistical chart comparing the pest incidence of 3 consecutive periods of pumpkin planted in 3 groups.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard comprises the following specific steps:
(1) soil fertility culture
Selecting sandy loam with the altitude of less than 600m, the temperature of more than 0 ℃ in 1 month, the gradient of less than 15 ℃ and the thickness of a cultivated layer of more than 40cm, fertilizing farmyard manure according to 600 kg/mu, applying farmyard manure according to 800 kg/mu, deeply ploughing the soil by 30cm, broadcasting the Tianlan alfalfa, and ploughing shallowly by 15 cm; after the Tianlan alfalfa grows to 15cm, using earthworm seeds in the soil, and ploughing the soil by 15 cm; the farmyard manure is formed by mixing bacterial sticks, wood chips and decomposed pig manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 5; the planting density of the Tianlan alfalfa is 20 grains per square meter; the earthworm species are Taiping No. three earthworm species, and the using density is 10 strips/square meter;
(2) dragon fruit planting
After the previous step is finished, arranging cement columns according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, inserting 1-year-old, strong and 60 cm-long dragon fruit branches without diseases and insect pests at the periphery of the cement columns, and controlling the planting density to 430 plants/mu; spraying an adsorption matrix with the thickness of 3cm at the root of each dragon fruit branch after planting, using a compound fertilizer every 3 months, and spraying a microbial liquid fertilizer after the compound fertilizer is applied for 2 days; spraying organic acid diluent on dragon fruit branches every month when the growth height of the dragon fruits exceeds 2 m; the temperature in summer exceeds 30 ℃, and cooling liquid is sprayed in the whole garden; the adsorption matrix is as follows: uniformly mixing 50 parts of tea leaves, 30 parts of walnut leaves, 100 parts of bagasse, 3 parts of calcium hydroxide and 8 parts of potassium permanganate in parts by mass, and adding clear water to adjust the content of the mixture to 40%; the preparation method of the organic acid solution comprises the following steps: mixing 13 parts of sweet potato starch, 20 parts of vinegar residues, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 1 part of calcium chloride and 1 part of magnesium nitrate 300 parts of clear water, boiling for 3min, cooling, adding 1 part of lactic acid bacteria and 0.5 part of aspergillus oryzae, fermenting for 5 days at 33 ℃, filtering the obtained fermentation mixture, adding 1 part of diacetyl tartaric acid monoglyceride, uniformly stirring, and diluting by 13 times to obtain the organic acid solution, wherein the application method of the organic acid solution is 16 kg/mu spraying; the cooling liquid is prepared by mixing clear water and matrine according to the mass ratio of 1300: 1;
the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and decomposed chicken manure in a mass ratio of 3:1:80, and the fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: digging holes with the depth of 10cm at the distance of 10cm from the dragon fruit branches, and applying the compound fertilizer into the holes, wherein the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 150g for each hole; the preparation method of the microbial liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 1 part of EM (effective microorganism) bacteria, 2 parts of urea phosphate, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of potato starch, 1 part of brown sugar powder, 5 parts of bone meal, 20 parts of pennisetum hydridum powder and 200 parts of clear water in parts by mass, culturing for 3 days at 30 ℃, adding 3 parts of rhizobia, and uniformly mixing; the use method of the residual microbial liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the microbial liquid fertilizer by 10 times, applying the compound fertilizer to the surface of the cave, turning over soil with the thickness of 3cm, wetting 200ml of soil in each cave, and covering soil and compacting;
(3) planting of early-maturing tender soybeans
In the middle and last ten days of 1 month, deeply turning the rows of the dragon fruits, selecting early-maturing tender soybean varieties, and planting two rows of the early-maturing tender soybean varieties in the rows of the dragon fruits according to the plant spacing of 20cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; then covering with a mulching film, and harvesting from the first ten days of 4 months to the first 5 months;
(4) vine-free pumpkin planting method
In the last ten days of 9 months, deeply turning the rows of the dragon fruits, in the middle last ten days of 10 months, transplanting two rows of vine-free pumpkin seedlings in the rows of the dragon fruits, and covering the vine-free pumpkin seedlings with mulching films; when the vine-free pumpkin seedlings grow to 20 cm; applying the quick-acting fertilizer every two weeks; the planting row spacing of the rattan-free pumpkin is 35cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm; the preparation method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing and fermenting 20 parts of bean dregs, 30 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 10 parts of alfalfa powder and 100 parts of livestock urine for 3 weeks in parts by mass, adding 200 parts of clear water, 5 parts of sodium phosphate and 5 parts of potassium chloride, and uniformly mixing; the application method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the quick-acting fertilizer by 8 times, and watering the quick-acting fertilizer by 300ml at a position 5 away from the vine-free pumpkin plant.
Example 2
A planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard comprises the following specific steps:
(1) soil fertility culture
Selecting sandy loam with the altitude of less than 600m, the temperature of more than 0 ℃ in 1 month, the gradient of less than 15 ℃ and the thickness of a cultivated layer of more than 40cm, fertilizing farmyard manure according to 700 kg/mu, applying farmyard manure according to 1100 kg/mu, deeply ploughing the soil by 40cm, broadcasting the Tianlan alfalfa, and ploughing by 25 cm; after the Tianlan alfalfa grows to 18cm, using earthworm seeds in the soil, and ploughing the soil by 20 cm; the farmyard manure is formed by mixing bacterial sticks, wood chips and decomposed pig manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 5; the planting density of the Tianlan alfalfa is 25 grains per square meter; the earthworm species are Taiping No. three earthworm species, and the using density is 15 strips/square meter;
(2) dragon fruit planting
After the previous step is finished, arranging cement columns according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, inserting 2-year-old, strong and 80 cm-long dragon fruit branches without diseases and insect pests at the periphery of the cement columns, and controlling the planting density to be 470 plants/mu; spraying an adsorption matrix with the thickness of 4cm at the root of each dragon fruit branch after planting, using a compound fertilizer every 3 months, and spraying a microbial liquid fertilizer after the compound fertilizer is applied for 3 days; spraying organic acid diluent on dragon fruit branches every month when the growth height of the dragon fruits exceeds 2 m; the temperature in summer exceeds 30 ℃, and cooling liquid is sprayed in the whole garden; the adsorption matrix is as follows: uniformly mixing 70 parts of tea leaves, 50 parts of walnut leaves, 150 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of calcium hydroxide and 10 parts of potassium permanganate in parts by mass, and adding clear water to adjust the content of the mixture to 45%; the preparation method of the organic acid solution comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts of sweet potato starch, 30 parts of vinegar residues, 3 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of calcium chloride and 3 parts of magnesium nitrate with 500 parts of clear water, boiling for 5min, cooling, adding 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, fermenting for 5-8 days at 35 ℃, filtering the obtained fermentation mixture, adding 3 parts of diacetyl tartaric acid monoglyceride, uniformly stirring, and diluting by 15 times to obtain the organic acid solution, wherein the application method of the organic acid solution is 16-18 kg/mu; the cooling liquid is prepared by mixing clear water and matrine according to the mass ratio of 1300: 1;
the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and decomposed chicken manure in a mass ratio of 3:1:80, and the fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: digging holes with the depth of 20cm at a distance of 15cm from the dragon fruit branches, and applying the compound fertilizer into the holes, wherein the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 200g for each hole; the preparation method of the microbial liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 3 parts of EM bacteria, 3 parts of urea phosphate, 3 parts of potassium nitrate, 8 parts of potato starch, 3 parts of brown sugar powder, 10 parts of bone meal, 30 parts of pennisetum hydridum powder and 300 parts of clear water in parts by mass, culturing for 5 days at 35 ℃, adding 5 parts of rhizobia, and uniformly mixing; the use method of the residual microbial liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the microbial liquid fertilizer by 15 times, applying the compound fertilizer to the surface of the cave, turning soil with the thickness of 5cm, watering 250ml of each cave, covering soil and compacting;
(3) planting of early-maturing tender soybeans
In the middle and last ten days of 1 month, deeply turning the rows of the dragon fruits, selecting early-maturing tender soybean varieties, and planting two rows of the early-maturing tender soybean varieties in the rows of the dragon fruits according to the plant spacing of 20cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; then covering with a mulching film, and harvesting from the first ten days of 4 months to the first 5 months;
(4) vine-free pumpkin planting method
In the last ten days of 9 months, deeply turning the rows of the dragon fruits, in the middle last ten days of 10 months, transplanting two rows of vine-free pumpkin seedlings in the rows of the dragon fruits, and covering the vine-free pumpkin seedlings with mulching films; when the vine-free pumpkin seedlings grow to 25 cm; applying the quick-acting fertilizer every two weeks; the planting row spacing of the rattan-free pumpkin is 35cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm; the preparation method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing and fermenting 30 parts of bean dregs, 35 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15 parts of alfalfa meal and 200 parts of livestock urine for 5 weeks in parts by mass, adding 300 parts of clear water, 8 parts of sodium phosphate and 8 parts of potassium chloride, and uniformly mixing; the application method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the quick-acting fertilizer by 10 times, and watering the quick-acting fertilizer by 350ml at a position 10 away from the vine-free pumpkin plant.
Comparative example 1
Planting the dragon fruits according to a traditional method.
Comparative example 2
Tender soybeans were planted according to the conventional method.
Comparative example 3
Planting the vine-free pumpkin according to a conventional method.
Test examples
Selecting 8 mu of plantation with insignificant difference of soil quality content in a pitaya planting base in the Rodian county of Guizhou province; the groups were randomly divided into 4 groups of 2 acres each. Respectively as follows: experimental groups, operated according to the method of the invention; comparative group 1, run according to comparative example 1; comparative group 2, run according to comparative example 2; comparative group 3, run according to comparative example 3; the 4 experimental groups do not influence each other, and except the difference, other measures such as management and the like are consistent; the yield of the dragon fruits is counted after the dragon fruits are harvested, the tender soybeans and the rattan-free pumpkins are continuously planted for 3 times, and the disease incidence rate in three planting periods is counted.
The experimental results are as follows:
(1) pitaya statistics are as follows:
(2) the insect pest incidence rate of the experimental group for continuously planting 3 periods of young soybeans is shown in figure 1:
the pest incidence rates of 2 groups of continuously planted 3 cycles of young soybeans were compared as shown in fig. 2:
as can be seen from fig. 1-2, the incidence rates of leaf spot, damping off and root rot of tender soybeans after 3 continuous cropping cycles using the example of the method of the present invention are not significantly changed and are basically controlled to be less than 0.4%, but after 3 continuous cropping cycles according to the conventional method, the incidence rates of leaf spot, damping off and root rot of tender soybeans of 2 groups are gradually increased, and especially the diseases of tender soybeans are doubled after the first and third cropping cycles; therefore, the method has obvious effect on controlling the diseases in the dragon orchard.
(3) The insect pest incidence rate of the pumpkin planted in the experimental group for 3 cycles is shown in figure 3:
the pest incidence of 3 continuous periods of pumpkin planted in 3 groups is compared as shown in figure 4:
3-4, the incidence rates of powdery mildew, downy mildew and anthracnose of the rattan-free pumpkins are not obviously changed and are basically controlled within an acceptable range after the continuous cropping of the embodiment of the method for controlling the powdery mildew, the downy mildew and the anthracnose of the rattan-free pumpkins for 3 groups according to the conventional method, but the incidence rates of the powdery mildew, the downy mildew and the anthracnose of the rattan-free pumpkins for 3 groups are obviously changed, and the annual incidence rate is increased by times, so that the method has an obvious effect on controlling the diseases in the dragon orchard; in addition, the yield per mu of the tender soybean in the first season is 1000 yuan when the dragon fruit gains the benefit; the yield per mu of the rattan-free pumpkins in the second season is 1040 yuan, the yield per mu in the two seasons is increased by 2040 yuan, and compared with the yield per mu of the 1 group, only dragon fruits exist, so that the benefit is far lower than that of the experimental group.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) soil fertility culture
Selecting sandy loam with the altitude of below 600m, the average temperature of 1 month of more than 0 ℃, the gradient of less than 15 degrees and the thickness of a cultivated layer of more than 40cm, fertilizing farmyard manure according to 700 kg/mu of 600 plus materials, applying farmyard manure according to 1100 kg/mu of 800 plus materials, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-40cm, broadcasting the Tianlan alfalfa, and shallowly ploughing by 15-25 cm; after the Tianlan alfalfa grows to 15-18cm, using earthworm seeds in the soil, and ploughing the soil by 15-20 cm;
(2) dragon fruit planting
After the previous step is finished, arranging cement columns according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, inserting 1-2-year-old, strong and 60-80 cm-long dragon fruit branches without diseases and insect pests around the cement columns, and controlling the planting density to be 430-470 plants/mu; spraying an adsorption matrix with the thickness of 3-4cm at the root of each dragon fruit branch after planting, using a compound fertilizer every 3 months, and spraying a microbial liquid fertilizer after the compound fertilizer is applied for 2-3 days; spraying organic acid diluent on dragon fruit branches every month when the growth height of the dragon fruits exceeds 2 m; the temperature in summer exceeds 30 ℃, and cooling liquid is sprayed in the whole garden; the adsorption matrix is as follows: uniformly mixing 50-70 parts of tea leaves, 30-50 parts of walnut leaves, 100-150 parts of bagasse, 3-5 parts of calcium hydroxide and 8-10 parts of potassium permanganate in parts by mass, and adding clear water to adjust the content of the mixture to 40-45%; the preparation method of the organic acid solution comprises the following steps: mixing 13-15 parts of sweet potato starch, 20-30 parts of vinegar residues, 1-3 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-3 parts of calcium chloride, 1-3 parts of magnesium nitrate 300-; the cooling liquid is prepared by mixing clear water and matrine according to the mass ratio of 1300: 1;
(3) planting of early-maturing tender soybeans
In the middle and last ten days of 1 month, deeply turning the rows of the dragon fruits, selecting early-maturing tender soybean varieties, and planting two rows of the early-maturing tender soybean varieties in the rows of the dragon fruits according to the plant spacing of 20cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; then covering with a mulching film, and harvesting from the first ten days of 4 months to the first 5 months;
(4) vine-free pumpkin planting method
In the last ten days of 9 months, deeply turning the rows of the dragon fruits, in the middle last ten days of 10 months, transplanting two rows of vine-free pumpkin seedlings in the rows of the dragon fruits, and covering the vine-free pumpkin seedlings with mulching films; when the vine-free pumpkin seedlings grow to 20-25 cm; applying the quick-acting fertilizer every two weeks; the planting row spacing of the rattan-free pumpkin is 35cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm.
2. The planting method of intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the farmyard manure is formed by mixing fungus sticks, wood chips and decomposed pig manure in a mass ratio of 1:1: 5.
3. The planting method of intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the planting density of the Tianlan alfalfa is 20-25 grains per square meter.
4. The planting method of intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard, according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the earthworm species are Taiping No. three earthworm species, and the using density is 10-15 earthworms per square meter.
5. The planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in the dragon orchard, according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and decomposed chicken manure in a mass ratio of 3:1:80, and the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: digging a cave with the depth of 10-20cm at the distance of 10-15cm from the dragon fruit branches, and applying the compound fertilizer into the cave, wherein the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 150-200g for each cave.
6. The planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard, according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the preparation method of the microbial liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 1-3 parts of EM bacteria, 2-3 parts of urea phosphate, 1-3 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-8 parts of potato starch, 1-3 parts of brown sugar powder, 5-10 parts of bone meal, 20-30 parts of pennisetum hydridum powder and 300 parts of clear water in parts by mass, culturing for 3-5 days at 30-35 ℃, adding 3-5 parts of rhizobia, and uniformly mixing; the use method of the residual microbial liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the microbial liquid fertilizer by 10-15 times, applying the compound fertilizer to the surface of the cave, turning over soil with the thickness of 3-5cm, wetting 200ml and 250ml of soil in each cave, and covering soil and compacting.
7. The planting method for intercropping tender soybeans and rattan-free pumpkins in a dragon orchard as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the preparation method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing and fermenting 20-30 parts of bean dregs, 30-35 parts of vinasse, 5-8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 10-15 parts of alfalfa powder and 100-200 parts of livestock urine for 3-5 weeks in parts by mass, adding 200-300 parts of clean water, 5-8 parts of sodium phosphate and 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, and uniformly mixing; the application method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the quick-acting fertilizer by 8-10 times, and watering the pumpkin plants 5-10 away from the vine by 350ml of water according to 300 times.
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