CN104350960B - A method for cultivating nutritious bowl jujube seedlings by root grafting indoors - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of indoor root disclosed by the invention connects the method for cultivating nutritive cube jujube seedling, and relate to plant seedling raising technology field, its cultivating process is as follows: (i), nursery prepares: 1., nursery selects; 2., nursery wholely; 3., seedling growth greenhouse is built; 4., Di Fen railway carriage or compartment in garden in canopy; (ii), stock Acquire and process; (iii), scion Acquire and process: 1., scion collection; 2., scion process; 1., nutritive soil preparation (iv), seedling grafting and nutritive cube are planted:; 2., grafting; 3., alms bowl is filled; (v), management in canopy: 1., enter canopy; 2., temperature and humidity management; 3., water and fertilizer management; 4., except sprouting; 5., the extermination of disease and insect pest; 6., hardening; 7., garden is gone out.Have can in enormous quantities, quickly breeding jujube seedling, and after the jujube seed cultivated plants, become that garden is fast, output high, be applicable to the jujube tree seedling cultivating each kind, also can be used for cultivating other fruit sapling.

Description

A method for cultivating nutritious bowl jujube seedlings by root grafting indoors

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling breeding, in particular to a method for cultivating nutritious bowl jujube seedlings by root grafting indoors.

technical background

Jujube (scientific name: Ziziphus zizyphus) is a deciduous shrub or small tree plant jujube in Rhamnaceae, and it is also the mature fruit of jujube. It is native to China and is distributed throughout the north and south of China. Jujube is rich in nutrition, the peel can strengthen the spleen, the kernel can calm the nerves, the pulp can extract vitamin C and make wine, and the core and shell can be used to make activated carbon. Therefore, it is deeply loved by the Chinese people, so it is planted in many places in China.

For a long time, jujube seedlings have mainly relied on rooted seedlings for reproduction, that is, utilizing the characteristics of jujube roots that are easy to root and tiller, and staying around the jujube tree or between jujube rows to grow rooted seedlings. But, with the propagation of root seedlings, not only the amount of emergence is small, but also the nutrition of the mother tree will be consumed, causing the tree body to weaken; it is not convenient to select excellent plants at the same time, so that the differences between the plants are increased, and the types within the variety are differentiated. In recent years, jujube hardwood cuttings have appeared, but the survival rate is very low, and they are rarely used in production; root cuttings are easy to survive, but often have limitations in reproduction; tender branch cuttings require special careful management. Certain facilities are also required. Thereby, the breeding of jujube seedlings at present mostly adopts sowing jujube rootstock, and adopts the method for grafting of branches to breed then.

technical content

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method capable of rapidly cultivating jujube seedlings in large quantities, and the cultivated jujube seedlings can grow quickly and have high yield after planting.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to invent a kind of method for indoor rooting cultivation of nutritious bowl jujube seedlings, and its cultivation process is as follows:

(1) Nursery site preparation:

①. Selection of nursery land: Choose a plot with convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient sunlight, and convenient transportation as the nursery for breeding nutritious jujube seedlings;

②, Seedling site preparation: remove the weeds on the nursery before the end of December of that year, organize them into 5-7m wide boxes, and repair the box according to the standard of 30-50 cm deep in the box ditch and 50-70 cm deep in the surrounding ditch. Ditch and surrounding ditch, so that the nursery does not accumulate water;

③. Construction of seedling shed: It is built with vegetable greenhouse materials, with a shed width of 6-8 meters, a shed length of 20-30 meters, and a roof height of 3 meters, and covered with shed film to become a seedling shed;

④, Separation of the field in the shed: according to the width direction, divide the field in the shed into three long small compartments, and then repair the small compartment ditch according to the standard of 30-50 cm wide and 20-40 cm deep, and follow the The standard of one micro-sprinkler per 8-10 square meters, install the micro-sprinkler on the floor of the cabin;

2. Rootstock collection and processing:

Select the annual, strong wild jujube seedlings as rootstock seedlings, keep the main root and lateral roots when digging, leave the main root 15-25cm long, and leave the seedlings 8-12cm long, tie each 15-25 plants into a bundle, and place the roots In the indoor sand bed, pour water to moisturize and set aside;

(3) Scion collection and processing:

①. Scion collection:

From December of the current year to January of the next year, collect good and strong fruit trees or the ear-picking orchard, with a diameter of 6-8mm, good maturity, full buds, and 1-2 years old jujube first branch as a scion, and use it as a scion. ;

②, scion treatment:

Carry out wax seal immediately with the scion that picks back, and store in the refrigerator that storage temperature is set to 5-8 ℃, standby;

(iv) Grafting of seedlings and planting in nutrient pots:

1. Preparation of nutrient soil: mix 30-50% of humus soil, 40-60% of garden soil, and 8-15% of river sand, and pass through 20-40 mesh sieve to become nutrient soil for subsequent use;

②, Grafting:

Carry out indoor grafting from mid-January to mid-February of the following year; when grafting, cut off all the branches of the rootstock seedlings, leaving only the root neck and root system, and leave a bud of the scion to cut off, and then split according to the conventional method Carry out grafting method, become grafted seedling, standby;

③. Bottling: Choose a 12×12 nutrient pot. When planting, hold the base of the grafted seedlings with your left hand, and put the nutrient soil into the nutrient pot with your right hand, cover the base of the grafted seedlings, and shake the grafting while covering the soil. For the seedlings, let the grafting interface be exposed to the soil surface, and then water once permeable to become a planting nutrient bowl for use;

(5) Shed management:

①, into the shed: move the planting nutrient bowls into the small compartment surface in the seedling raising shed, and arrange them in sequence;

②. Temperature and humidity management: Before the sprouts germinate, control the temperature in the shed at 30-38°C, and control the soil humidity in the nutrient pot at 55-60%; after the sprouts germinate, keep the temperature in the shed at 25-30°C. The soil humidity in the nutrient pot is controlled at 40-50%;

③. Water and fertilizer management: When the grafted seedlings are inflated, start to pour the strong seedling rooting agent, 30 grams per packet and 500 times water 15 kg, pour 0.05-0.15 kg per bowl, and then pour every 6-8 days Drench once; when the height of the seedlings is 10-15 cm, irrigate once every 7-10 days; when the height of the seedlings is more than 15 cm, start spraying fertilizer on the leaves, spraying 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed Liquid, the amount of spraying is limited to the dripping water on the leaves, 3-4 times in a row, once every 7-10 days; when the seedling height is 20 cm, spray 0.2% multi-element foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, Add another 700-800 times to reach 2116, once every 7-10 days;

4. Degerming: When the rootstock germinates, remove the germination of the rootstock in time;

⑤. Pest control:

For scorching leaf disease: use mancozeb 600-700 times liquid, or Junbizhi 1200-1500 times liquid, or hymexazol 1200-1500 times liquid, spray on the leaves, spray once every 7-10 days ;

For jujube gall midges: use enemy to kill, spray each with a bucket of water, and treat insects when they are seen later;

⑥. Seedling hardening: When the grafted seedlings have passed the growth period of 25-30 days and the jujube head branches reach 20-25 cm, start to lift the film to harden the seedlings: lift 1/3 on the first day, and then lift 1/3 on the second day , all lifted on the third day;

⑦, out of the nursery: when the grafted seedlings grow to 30-35 centimeters after hardening, they become nutritious jujube seedlings, which can be transplanted out of the nursery.

The method for cultivating nutritious jujube seedlings in indoor root grafting of the present invention adopts jujube seedlings as rootstock seedlings, and adopts branches of excellent plants as scions to graft jujube seedlings, so jujube seedlings can be cultivated in large quantities and quickly; meanwhile, root grafting In this way, the height of the rootstock can be reduced, and the volume of the seedlings can be reduced. Therefore, it can be cultivated indoors using a nutrient bowl; in addition, since the seedlings of wild jujube are used as the rootstock, and the fruiting branches are used as the scion, the seedlings grown after transplanting , into the garden faster, higher yield.

The jujube seedlings cultivated by the method for cultivating nutrient pot jujube seedlings by using indoor root grafting of the present invention were once carried out a planting comparison test in Qidong County, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, and the following table 1 is the test control data:

Table 1 planting comparison test data

(Note: the test jujube forest in the above table is basically close to the site conditions, soil, water and fertilizer, and the climate of the community, and the seedlings are the same variety. The jujube seedlings of the test jujube forest are cultivated by the method of the present invention, and the comparison jujube forest The jujube seedlings are cultivated by the conventional branch grafting method, and the construction of the jujube forest adopts the same conventional method).

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, after the jujube seedlings cultivated by the method of the present invention are planted, the gardening is faster and the output is higher.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described. The following description is by way of example, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

The indoor root grafting of the present embodiment cultivates the method for nutritional bowl jujube seedlings, and its cultivation process is as follows:

(1) Nursery site preparation:

①. Selection of nursery land: Choose a plot with convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient sunlight, and convenient transportation as the nursery for breeding nutritious jujube seedlings;

②, Seedling site preparation: clear the weeds on the nursery before the end of December of that year, organize them into 6-meter-wide boxes, and repair the box and wall ditches according to the standard of 40 cm deep and 60 cm deep, so that The nursery does not accumulate water;

③. Construction of the seedling shed: It is built with vegetable greenhouse materials, the shed is 7 meters wide, 30 meters long, and the roof is 3 meters high, and the shed is covered with film to become a seedling shed;

④, Separation of the garden in the shed: according to the width direction, divide the garden in the shed into three long small boxes, and then, according to the standard of 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep, repair the small box ditch, and divide it according to the standard of 9 square meters. A standard for micro-sprinklers, with micro-sprinklers installed on the floor of the cabin;

2. Rootstock collection and processing:

Select the annual, strong wild jujube seedlings as rootstock seedlings, keep the main root and side root when digging, leave 20 cm long for the main root, and 10 cm long for the seedlings, tie every 20 plants into a bundle, and place their roots in the indoor sand bed. Moisturize with water, set aside;

(3) Scion collection and processing:

①. Scion collection:

From December of the current year to January of the next year, collect good and strong fruit trees or the ear-picking orchard, with a diameter of 6-8mm, good maturity, full buds, and 1-2 years old jujube first branch as a scion, and use it as a scion. ;

②, scion treatment:

Carry out wax seal immediately with the scion that picks back, and store in the refrigerator that storage temperature is set to 5-8 ℃, standby;

(iv) Grafting of seedlings and planting in nutrient pots:

1. Nutrient soil preparation: mix by weight ratio of 40% leaf humus soil, 50% garden soil, and 10% river sand, pass through a 30-mesh sieve to become nutrient soil, and set aside;

②, Grafting:

Carry out indoor grafting from mid-January to mid-February of the following year; when grafting, cut off all the branches of the rootstock seedlings, leaving only the root neck and root system, and leave a bud of the scion to cut off, and then split according to the conventional method Carry out grafting method, become grafted seedling, standby;

③. Bottling: Choose a 12×12 nutrient pot. When planting, hold the base of the grafted seedlings with your left hand, and put the nutrient soil into the nutrient pot with your right hand, cover the base of the grafted seedlings, and shake the grafting while covering the soil. For the seedlings, let the grafting interface be exposed to the soil surface, and then water once permeable to become a planting nutrient bowl for use;

(5) Shed management:

①, into the shed: move the planting nutrient bowls into the small compartment surface in the seedling raising shed, and arrange them in sequence;

②. Temperature and humidity management: Before the sprouts germinate, control the temperature in the shed at 32-35°C and control the relative humidity at 56-58%; after the sprouts germinate, keep the temperature in the shed at 28-30°C and control the relative humidity at 45-48%;

③. Water and fertilizer management: When the grafted seedlings expand, start to spray the rooting, germination and seedling strengthening agent, 30 grams per packet, 500 times watered 15 kg, 0.1 kg per bowl, and then once every 7 days; When the height of the seedlings is 10-15 cm, irrigate once every 8 days; when the height of the seedlings is more than 15 cm, start to spray fertilizer on the leaves, spray 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture, and spray the amount Limit the water dripping on the leaf surface for 3 consecutive times, once every 9 days; when the seedling height is 20 cm, spray 0.2% multi-element foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, plus 750 times Tianda 2116, spraying amount Limit to the dripping water on the leaves, once every 7-10 days.

4. Degerming: When the rootstock germinates, remove the germination of the rootstock in time;

⑤. Pest control:

For scorching leaf disease: use mancozeb 650 times liquid, or Junbizhi 1400 times liquid, or hymexazol 1400 times liquid, spray on the leaves, spray once every 8 days;

For jujube gall midges: use enemy to kill, spray each with a bucket of water, and treat insects when they are seen later;

⑥. Seedling hardening: When the grafted seedlings have passed the 28-day growth period and the jujube branches reach 20 cm, start to lift the film to harden the seedlings: lift 1/3 on the first day, lift 1/3 on the second day, and lift 1/3 on the third day all lifted;

⑦, out of the nursery: when the grafted seedlings grow to 30-35 centimeters after hardening, they become nutritious jujube seedlings, which can be transplanted out of the nursery.

The method for cultivating jujube seedlings in a nutritious pot by root grafting of the invention is suitable for cultivating jujube seedlings of various varieties, and can also be used for cultivating other fruit seedlings.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of indoor root grafting cultivates the method for nutrient bowl jujube seedling, it is characterized in that cultivation process is as follows: (1) Nursery site preparation: ①. Selection of nursery land: Choose a plot with convenient irrigation and drainage, sufficient sunlight, and convenient transportation as the nursery for breeding nutritious jujube seedlings; ②, Seedling site preparation: remove the weeds on the nursery before the end of December of that year, organize them into 5-7m wide boxes, and repair the box according to the standard of 30-50 cm deep in the box ditch and 50-70 cm deep in the surrounding ditch. Ditch and surrounding ditch, so that the nursery does not accumulate water; ③. Construction of seedling shed: It is built with vegetable greenhouse materials, with a shed width of 6-8 meters, a shed length of 20-30 meters, and a roof height of 3 meters, and covered with shed film to become a seedling shed; ④, Separation of the field in the shed: according to the width direction, divide the field in the shed into three long small compartments, and then repair the small compartment ditch according to the standard of 30-50 cm wide and 20-40 cm deep, and follow the The standard of one micro-sprinkler per 8-10 square meters, install the micro-sprinkler on the floor of the cabin; 2. Rootstock collection and processing: Select the annual, strong wild jujube seedlings as rootstock seedlings, keep the main root and lateral roots when digging, leave the main root 15-25cm long, and leave the seedlings 8-12cm long, tie each 15-25 plants into a bundle, and place the roots In the indoor sand bed, pour water to moisturize and set aside; (3) Scion collection and processing: ①. Scion collection: From December of the current year to January of the next year, collect good and strong fruit trees or the ear-picking orchard, with a diameter of 6-8mm, good maturity, full buds, and 1-2 years old jujube first branch as a scion, and use it as a scion. ; ②, scion treatment: Carry out wax seal immediately with the scion that picks back, and store in the refrigerator that storage temperature is set to 5-8 ℃, standby; (iv) Grafting of seedlings and planting in nutrient pots: 1. Preparation of nutrient soil: mix 30-50% of humus soil, 40-60% of garden soil, and 8-15% of river sand, and pass through 20-40 mesh sieve to become nutrient soil for subsequent use; ②, Grafting: Carry out indoor grafting from mid-January to mid-February of the following year; when grafting, cut off all the branches of the rootstock seedlings, leaving only the root neck and root system, and leave a bud of the scion to cut off, and then split according to the conventional method Carry out grafting method, become grafted seedling, standby; ③. Bottling: Choose a 12×12 nutrient pot. When planting, hold the base of the grafted seedlings with your left hand, and put the nutrient soil into the nutrient pot with your right hand, cover the base of the grafted seedlings, and shake the grafting while covering the soil. For the seedlings, let the grafting interface be exposed to the soil surface, and then water once permeable to become a planting nutrient bowl for use; (5) Shed management: ①, into the shed: move the planting nutrient bowls into the small compartment surface in the seedling raising shed, and arrange them in sequence; ②. Temperature and humidity management: Before the sprouts germinate, control the temperature in the shed at 30-38°C, and control the soil humidity in the nutrient pot at 55-60%; after the sprouts germinate, keep the temperature in the shed at 25-30°C. The soil humidity in the nutrient pot is controlled at 40-50%; ③. Water and fertilizer management: When the grafted seedlings are inflated, start to pour the strong seedling rooting agent, 30 grams per packet and 500 times water 15 kg, pour 0.05-0.15 kg per bowl, and then pour every 6-8 days Drench once; when the height of the seedlings is 10-15 cm, irrigate once every 7-10 days; when the height of the seedlings is more than 15 cm, start spraying fertilizer on the leaves, spraying 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed Liquid, the amount of spraying is limited to the dripping water on the leaves, 3-4 times in a row, once every 7-10 days; when the seedling height is 20 cm, spray 0.2% multi-element foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, Add another 700-800 times to reach 2116, once every 7-10 days; 4. Degerming: When the rootstock germinates, remove the germination of the rootstock in time; ⑤. Pest control: For scorching leaf disease: use mancozeb 600-700 times liquid, or Junbizhi 1200-1500 times liquid, or hymexazol 1200-1500 times liquid, spray on the leaves, spray once every 7-10 days ; For jujube gall midges: use enemy to kill, spray each with a bucket of water, and treat insects when they are seen later; ⑥. Seedling hardening: When the grafted seedlings have passed the growth period of 25-30 days and the jujube head branches reach 20-25 cm, start to lift the film to harden the seedlings: lift 1/3 on the first day, and then lift 1/3 on the second day , all lifted on the third day; ⑦, out of the nursery: when the grafted seedlings grow to 30-35 centimeters after hardening, they become nutritious bowl jujube seedlings, which can be transplanted out of the nursery.