CN103283450A - Golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method - Google Patents
Golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及花卉的繁殖方法,特别涉及一种金花茶芽苗砧嫁接的繁殖方法。The invention relates to a flower propagation method, in particular to a method for grafting golden camellia bud seedlings with stock.
背景技术Background technique
金花茶,属山茶科小乔木,是我国最为珍贵的八种植物之一,被举世公誉为“世界珍品”、“茶族皇后”、“植物大熊猫”、“花卉超级明星”,属国家一级保护珍稀植物。金花茶在国际上负有盛名,日本曾以2.5万美元从中国引进一株金花茶,从而轰动世界,震惊世界花坛。金花茶含有天然有机锗、硒、钼、钒、锌等十多种重要保健价值的微量元素和茶多酚,以及对人体必须的氨基酸,具降血压、降血脂、降低胆固醇,防止动脉硬化,延缓衰老,提高免疫功能等保健作用。Golden Camellia, a small tree belonging to the family Theaceae, is one of the eight most precious plants in my country. Class I protected rare plants. Camellia japonica is famous in the world. Japan once introduced a plant of Camellia japonica from China for 25,000 US dollars, which caused a sensation in the world and shocked the world's flower beds. Golden camellia contains more than ten kinds of trace elements and tea polyphenols with important health value such as natural organic germanium, selenium, molybdenum, vanadium, zinc, and amino acids necessary for the human body. Delay aging, improve immune function and other health care effects.
近年来,金花茶的合格苗每株价30-50元,鲜叶每公斤价6.0元,鲜花每公斤价800-1000元,种植1亩金花茶投产时可年产值1.7万元左右,金花茶为常绿珍稀名贵树种,种植金花茶对保护生态、美化环境效果明显。由此可见,发展金花茶产业经济、社会、生态“三大”效益显著。In recent years, the price of qualified seedlings of Camellia camellia is 30-50 yuan per plant, the price of fresh leaves is 6.0 yuan per kilogram, and the price of flowers is 800-1000 yuan per kilogram. It is an evergreen rare and precious tree species, and planting golden camellia has obvious effects on protecting the ecology and beautifying the environment. It can be seen that the economic, social and ecological "three major" benefits of developing the golden camellia industry are remarkable.
金花茶主要在温暖、潮湿、半阴半阳的地带生长,其大部分生长在针阔叶林下,适宜林下栽培。发展林下经济是“短平快”且惠及农村千家万户的一种新途径,是引导农民不砍树或少砍树照样能致富、节约森林资源、保护生态的绿色惠民工程。广西对林下经济发展十分重视,2010年6月自治区党委、政府召开首次全区林下经济发展现场会,出台了一系列惠农政策,推动了林下经济快速发展;2010年10月广西区政府又相继出台了《关于大力推动林下经济发展的意见》,实施了一系列力度大、覆盖面广的林下经济发展政策。并下拨资金5个亿支持林下经济发展。2011年9月自治区党委办公厅、政府办公厅联合发文启动广西林下经济“千万农民千元增收”工程:计划从2011年起,用5年时间,争取全区林下经济面积发展到5000万亩,年产值500亿元;通过发展林下经济,累计2000万林农实现人年均增收1000元以上。如此大规模地发展林下经济,金花茶已成为林下种植的首选树种,大量繁殖金花茶苗木是发展珍稀名贵植物-金花茶的繁育保护与开发利用及推动林下经济发展,对山区农民群众增收,实现广西富民强桂新跨越有着重大意义。Golden camellia mainly grows in warm, humid, half shade and half sun areas, most of which grow under coniferous and broad-leaved forests, suitable for understory cultivation. The development of the under-forest economy is a new way that is "short, flat and fast" and benefits thousands of households in rural areas. It is a green and people-benefiting project that guides farmers to get rich without cutting down trees or cut down trees less, save forest resources and protect the ecology. Guangxi attaches great importance to the development of under-forest economy. In June 2010, the party committee and government of the autonomous region held the first on-site meeting on under-forest economic development in the whole region, and introduced a series of policies to benefit farmers, which promoted the rapid development of under-forest economy; in October 2010, Guangxi District The government has successively promulgated the "Opinions on Vigorously Promoting Under-forest Economic Development", and implemented a series of vigorous and wide-ranging under-forest economic development policies. And allocate 500 million yuan of funds to support the economic development of forests. In September 2011, the General Office of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region and the General Office of the Government jointly issued a document to launch the project of "increasing the income of tens of millions of farmers and thousands of yuan" in Guangxi's under-forest economy: starting from 2011, it will take five years to strive for the development of the under-forest economic area of the whole region to 5,000 10,000 mu, with an annual output value of 50 billion yuan; through the development of the underforest economy, a total of 20 million forest farmers have achieved an average annual income increase of more than 1,000 yuan. With such a large-scale development of the under-forest economy, camellia camellia has become the first choice for planting under the forest. Massive breeding of camellia camellia seedlings is the key to the development of the rare and precious plant-Camellia camellia breeding, protection, development and utilization and to promote the development of the under-forest economy. It is of great significance to increase income and realize the new leap of enriching the people and strengthening Guangxi.
为了扩大金花茶苗木的繁殖,国内部分科研院所相继开展了采用种子、高空压条、扦插、嫁接等方法繁殖技术研究,如大树换冠嫁接、小苗嫁接、单芽腹接及芽苗嫁接等,但存在着遗传性不稳定,成活率低,难以培育出大批量苗木,没有大批量繁殖推广应用,室外操作,嫁接速度慢,费工费时,成本高效益低。In order to expand the propagation of golden camellia seedlings, some domestic scientific research institutes have successively carried out research on propagation techniques using seeds, high-altitude layering, cuttings, grafting, etc. , but there is genetic instability, low survival rate, difficult to cultivate a large number of seedlings, no large-scale propagation and application, outdoor operation, slow grafting speed, labor and time-consuming, high cost and low benefit.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种金花茶芽苗砧嫁接的繁殖方法,本发明繁殖方法采芽苗砧在室内嫁接,操作简单易行,嫁接速度快,成本低,效益高,是工厂化育苗、大量培育金花茶嫁接苗的重要技术。本发明仅在2012年一年一次性培育金花茶苗木7万多株(嫁接成活率95%、苗木保存率85%)。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for grafting golden camellia bud seedling anvils. The propagation method of the present invention adopts bud seedling anvils for grafting indoors. The operation is simple and easy, the grafting speed is fast, the cost is low, and the benefit is high. An important technology for chemical seedling cultivation and mass cultivation of Camellia japonica grafted seedlings. The present invention cultivated more than 70,000 golden camellia seedlings at one time in 2012 only (the survival rate of grafting was 95%, and the preservation rate of seedlings was 85%).
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种金花茶芽苗砧嫁接的繁殖方法,包括:The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a kind of breeding method of Camellia japonica bud seedling grafting, comprising:
(一)砧苗培育(1) Stock seedling cultivation
1、种子选择:采摘成熟的越南油茶果实,经过1-2天日晒后,放在阴凉通风处,果实开裂后取出种子;1. Seed selection: pick mature Vietnamese Camellia oleifera fruit, put it in a cool and ventilated place after 1-2 days of sun exposure, and take out the seeds after the fruit cracks;
2、种子贮藏与催芽:种子采用干净的河沙进行贮藏与催芽,培育出粗壮的嫁接用砧苗;2. Seed storage and germination: The seeds are stored and germinated in clean river sand, and thick seedlings for grafting are cultivated;
(二)苗圃地选择与整地(2) Nursery site selection and site preparation
选择在交通方便、向阳、背风的地带,土层深50cm以上,土壤pH值5.5-6.5,在上年11月中旬至12月下旬进行深翻25cm,次年2月中旬进行第二次整地,深挖20cm,施入基肥,深翻,然后每亩洒施浓度为2%的硫酸亚铁水溶液8kg,盖上农膜备用;Choose a location with convenient transportation, sunny and leeward, the soil depth is more than 50cm, and the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5. Deep plowing was carried out by 25cm from mid-November to late December of the previous year, and the second soil preparation was carried out in mid-February of the following year. Dig 20cm deep, apply base fertilizer, plow deeply, then sprinkle 8kg of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 2% per mu, and cover with agricultural film for later use;
(三)搭荫棚(3) Shade shed
在苗圃地上设立荫棚,架高1.8-2.0m,上覆遮阳网,遮阳度为75%,荫棚四周全部遮住;Set up a shade shed on the nursery ground, with a height of 1.8-2.0m, covered with a sunshade net, with a shading degree of 75%, covering all sides of the shade shed;
(四)嫁接(4) Grafting
1、嫁接时间:4月中旬至5月中旬;1. Grafting time: mid-April to mid-May;
2、接穗选择与保管:在金花茶母树树冠中上部,选择上年生腋芽饱满的秋梢,径粗0.25-0.30cm的枝条作接穗;2. Scion selection and storage: In the middle and upper part of the canopy of the mother tree of Camellia chrysanthemum, select the autumn shoots with full axillary buds of the previous year, and the branches with a diameter of 0.25-0.30cm are used as scions;
3、砧苗选择与处理:选择砧苗芽径粗0.25-0.35cm的作砧芽,砧芽用清水洗去河沙,再放入50%的多菌灵500倍液中浸泡10秒,捞出滤干,同时用湿毛巾盖砧芽保湿,备用;3. Selection and treatment of stock seedlings: select stock seedlings with a diameter of 0.25-0.35 cm as stock buds, wash the stock buds with clean water to remove river sand, then soak them in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 10 seconds, remove Take out and filter to dry, and at the same time cover the anvil bud with a wet towel to moisturize, set aside;
4、嫁接操作4. Grafting operation
(1)削接穗:每段接穗长2.0cm,一穗一叶,每片叶剪去1/2,平腋芽上端0.30cm处切断,下端保留长1.6cm,削接穗时在芽下方0.3cm处两侧下刀往下斜15°角,削成切口1.3cm长、30°尖的楔形接穗;(1) Cut the scion: each scion is 2.0cm long, one spike and one leaf, cut off 1/2 of each leaf, cut off at 0.30cm from the upper end of the flat axillary bud, keep the lower end at 1.6cm long, cut the scion at 0.3cm below the bud The lower knives on both sides are inclined downward at an angle of 15°, and cut into a wedge-shaped scion with a 1.3cm long incision and a 30°tip;
(2)切砧木:以砧芽作为砧木,在芽苗的种子上方1.50-2.50cm处切断茎尖,芽苗种子下方4.0-5.0cm处断根,然后在苗茎上方中心下刀往下沿髓心劈开,开口长1.2-1.3cm;(2) Cut the rootstock: use the stock bud as the rootstock, cut off the stem tip at 1.50-2.50cm above the seed of the sprout, cut off the root at 4.0-5.0cm below the seed of the sprout, and then cut down the center of the stem above the seedling along the pith The heart is split open, the opening length is 1.2-1.3cm;
(3)接合:砧木开口后,将削好的楔形接穗直插入开口,用长3.8cm、宽1.0cm的嫁接专用铝皮包扎;(3) Joining: After the rootstock is opened, insert the cut wedge-shaped scion straight into the opening, and wrap it with a special aluminum skin for grafting with a length of 3.8 cm and a width of 1.0 cm;
(五)定植(5) Colonization
嫁接后,30分钟内栽植于苗圃地内,按株距4.0cm、行距7.5cm定植,定植完一畦后用清水淋透苗床,待20-30分钟叶片不见水份时,用50%的多菌灵500倍液喷雾,然后在苗床上做保温棚;After grafting, plant in the nursery within 30 minutes, and plant at a plant spacing of 4.0 cm and a row spacing of 7.5 cm. After planting a border, drench the seedbed with clean water. After 20-30 minutes, when the leaves do not see water, use 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid spray, and then make a heat preservation shed on the seedbed;
(六)苗期管理(6) Seedling stage management
做好病虫害防治,及时揭农膜、除草、除萌芽、喷药、施叶面肥、松土、追肥,及时浇水;Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, timely remove the plastic film, weeding, removing germination, spraying pesticides, applying foliar fertilizer, loosening soil, topdressing, and watering in time;
(七)苗木移植(7) Seedling transplantation
10月上旬至11月上旬,金花茶苗木嫁接成活抽梢后,移植于营养杯内培养,按1.2m宽畦面放杯,每行放杯8个,每畦长7.5m,步道40cm,排好一畦的营养杯后及时用清水淋透,待20-30分钟后,喷施50%多菌灵500倍液,然后做好农膜拱棚,同时设立遮阳度75%的荫棚,荫棚高1.8-2.0m,荫棚四周不透风透阳;From the first ten days of October to the first ten days of November, after the golden camellia seedlings are grafted and survived, they are transplanted into nutrient cups for cultivation, and the cups are placed in a 1.2m wide border, with 8 cups per row, each border is 7.5m long, and the trail is 40cm. After making a nutrient cup, pour it with clean water in time. After 20-30 minutes, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, then make an agricultural film shed, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 75%. The height is 1.8-2.0m, and the surrounding area of the awning is airtight and sunny;
次年2月中旬,将农膜拱棚除去,间隔15天后追肥一次。In mid-February of the following year, remove the agricultural film shed, and topdress the fertilizer once every 15 days.
(八)苗木出圃(8) Seedlings out of the nursery
苗木高度达到45cm以上,径粗0.4-0.5cm的金花茶营养杯嫁接苗,即为出圃合格苗。Seedlings with a height of more than 45cm and a diameter of 0.4-0.5cm in diameter are grafted seedlings of golden camellia nutritional cups, which are qualified seedlings out of the nursery.
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
进一步,在苗圃地选择与整地中,所述施入基肥为每亩苗圃地施硫酸钾复合肥(固体粒状)30kg和过磷酸钙50kg,所述硫酸钾复合肥的规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)。Further, in the nursery field selection and site preparation, the base fertilizer applied is 30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (solid granular) and 50kg of superphosphate per mu of nursery field, and the specification of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is: 15% (N ), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O).
进一步,在苗期管理中,所述喷药指用70%甲基托布津500倍液或50%多菌灵500倍液或75%百菌清800倍液全面喷施苗床,间隔7-10天1次,连喷5-6次,每次使用的药剂不能同一种类,应交换使用,所述施叶面肥指在每次喷药后的第3-4天喷施叶面肥1次,所述叶面肥为0.7%的硫酸钾复合肥液[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]、绿芬2号800倍液、0.1%磷酸二氢钾与0.2%硼肥的混合液中的一种;Further, in the management of the seedling stage, the spraying refers to spraying the seedbed with 500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl or 500 times of 50% carbendazim or 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil, with an interval of 7-10 days. Once a day, spray 5-6 times in a row. The medicament used each time cannot be the same type and should be used interchangeably. The foliar fertilizer mentioned above refers to spraying foliar fertilizer once on the 3rd to 4th day after each spraying. , the foliage fertilizer is 0.7% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer solution [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O)], Lufen 2 800 times liquid , one of the mixtures of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% boron fertilizer;
进一步,在苗木移植中,所述营养杯规格:高16cm,直径15cm,营养土采用pH值5.5-6.5的微酸性疏松的砂质壤土,营养土内配15%腐熟的猪粪。Further, in the transplanting of seedlings, the specifications of the nutrient cup are: 16 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The nutrient soil is slightly acidic loose sandy loam with a pH value of 5.5-6.5, and 15% decomposed pig manure is used in the nutrient soil.
本发明的有益效果是:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明方法采芽苗砧在室内嫁接,培育的嫁接苗根系发达,生长快,嫁接育苗成活率高,出圃率高,可大规模繁殖苗木,操作简单易行,嫁接速度快,成本低,效益高,节约成本,经济、社会效益显著,是工厂化育苗、大量培育金花茶嫁接苗的重要技术。本发明仅在2012年一年一次性培育金花茶苗木7万多株(嫁接成活率95%、苗木保存率85%)。The root system of the grafted seedlings cultivated by the method of the present invention is developed, the root system is developed, the growth is fast, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is high, the rate of emergence from the nursery is high, the seedlings can be propagated on a large scale, the operation is simple and easy, the grafting speed is fast, the cost is low, and the benefit is high. High, cost-saving, remarkable economic and social benefits, it is an important technology for industrial seedling cultivation and large-scale cultivation of Camellia japonica grafted seedlings. The present invention cultivated more than 70,000 golden camellia seedlings at one time in 2012 only (the survival rate of grafting was 95%, and the preservation rate of seedlings was 85%).
本发明中所述芽苗砧指越南油茶种子发出的尚未木质化的芽,芽长5.0~8.0cm,根长4~8cm;Bud seedling anvils described in the present invention refer to the buds that have not been lignified from the seeds of Camellia oleifera, with a bud length of 5.0 to 8.0 cm and a root length of 4 to 8 cm;
本发明中所述嫁接指单芽劈接。Grafting in the present invention refers to single bud split grafting.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
下面对本发明繁殖方法的具体操作步骤作详细的说明:The concrete operating steps of propagation method of the present invention are described in detail below:
(一)砧苗培育(1) Stock seedling cultivation
1、种子选择1. Seed selection
在11月上旬的油茶采收期,选择充分成熟(有5%-8%的果实在树上开裂)的越南油茶作种。茶果采回后,经过1-2天日晒后,收回室内摊放在阴凉通风处,果实开裂后取出种子,选出粒大饱满、每公斤450-500粒的种子。During the harvesting period of Camellia oleifera in early November, fully mature (5%-8% of the fruit is cracked on the tree) Vietnamese Camellia oleifera is selected as the seed. After the tea fruit is harvested, after 1-2 days of sun exposure, take it back indoors and spread it in a cool and ventilated place. After the fruit cracks, take out the seeds and select the large and plump seeds with 450-500 grains per kilogram.
2、种子贮藏与催芽2. Seed storage and germination
种子取出后,采用干净的河沙进行贮藏与催芽,在室内或室外采用混泥土砖砌成畦,畦面宽1.2m、步道40cm、高35cm的种子贮藏畦,河沙要求干净、无其他杂物,并用50%的多菌灵800倍液消毒,先在畦底垫一层12cm厚的河沙,在河沙上均匀撒播一层种子(种子与种子之间不能重叠),然后盖一层3.0cm厚的河沙再撒播一层种子,最后再盖一层12cm厚的河沙、压实,河沙的湿度控制在手捏成团,松手即散。如果是采用室外贮藏,必须在贮藏畦上方搭荫棚,荫棚高1.8-2.0m,遮阳度75%,同时盖上一层农膜防止雨水淋在畦面上,并防止鼠害。在种子贮藏期15天检查一次,如出现河沙过于干燥,必须适当淋水保湿。After the seeds are taken out, use clean river sand for storage and germination, and use concrete bricks to build a bed indoors or outdoors. The seed storage bed is 1.2m wide, 40cm long, and 35cm high. The river sand must be clean and free of other debris. and sterilized with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution, first place a layer of 12cm thick river sand on the bottom of the bed, spread a layer of seeds evenly on the river sand (seeds cannot overlap), and then cover with a layer 3.0cm thick river sand and then sow a layer of seeds, and finally cover with a layer of 12cm thick river sand, compacted, the humidity of the river sand is controlled by hand to knead into a ball, and it will disperse when you let go. If outdoor storage is adopted, a shade shed must be set up above the storage furrow, the height of the shade shed is 1.8-2.0m, and the shading degree is 75%. At the same time, a layer of agricultural film is covered to prevent rainwater from pouring on the furrow surface and prevent rodent damage. Check once every 15 days during the seed storage period. If the river sand is too dry, it must be properly watered to moisturize.
2月中下旬,气温回升到16℃以上时,采用50%的多菌灵1000倍液淋透贮藏畦畦面的河沙,随后保持河沙湿润,使种子萌发,培育出粗壮的嫁接用砧苗。In mid-to-late February, when the temperature rises above 16°C, use 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution to drench the river sand on the surface of the storage bed, and then keep the river sand moist to germinate the seeds and cultivate a strong stock for grafting Seedling.
(二)苗圃地选择与整地(2) Nursery site selection and site preparation
金花茶苗圃地应选择在交通方便、向阳、背风的地带,要求土层深50cm以上,土质疏松肥沃,土壤呈微酸性,pH值在5.5-6.5。苗圃地选好后,在上年11月中旬至12月下旬进行深翻25cm,使土壤过冬风化。次年2月中旬进行第二次整地,深挖20cm、打碎土块,按畦面宽1.2m、步道宽40cm、高18cm起畦,同时施入基肥,每亩施硫酸钾复合肥(固体粒状)[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]30kg和过磷酸钙50kg,深翻,基肥与土壤充分拌匀,然后每亩洒施浓度为2%的硫酸亚铁水溶液8kg,盖上农膜备用。The golden camellia nursery should be located in a sunny and leeward area with convenient transportation. The soil layer is required to be more than 50cm deep, loose and fertile, slightly acidic, with a pH value of 5.5-6.5. After the nursery site is selected, plow 25 cm deep from mid-November to late December of the previous year to weather the soil over the winter. In mid-February of the following year, carry out the second soil preparation, dig 20cm deep, break up the soil clods, start the border according to the width of the border 1.2m, the width of the trail 40cm, and the height of 18cm. Granular) [Specification: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O)] 30kg and 50kg of superphosphate, deep plowing, fully mix base fertilizer and soil, and then sprinkle Apply 8 kg of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 2%, and cover with agricultural film for subsequent use.
(三)搭荫棚(3) Shade shed
在嫁接苗培育圃地上设立荫棚,用混凝土桩搭架,架高1.8-2.0m,上覆遮阳网,遮阳度75%,荫棚四周全部遮住,防风和阳光进入。Set up a shade shed on the grafted seedling cultivation nursery, use concrete piles to build a frame with a height of 1.8-2.0m, and cover with a sunshade net with a shading degree of 75%. The surroundings of the shade shed are completely covered to prevent wind and sunlight from entering.
(四)嫁接(4) Grafting
1、嫁接时间1. Grafting time
4月中旬至5月中旬。From mid-April to mid-May.
2、接穗选择与保管2. Scion selection and storage
在金花茶母树树冠中上部,选择上年生腋芽饱满的秋梢,径粗0.25-0.30cm的枝条作接穗,接穗以当时采集当时嫁接完毕为好,采回的接穗放在室内,喷水保湿,当天用完。In the middle and upper part of the canopy of the Camellia japonica mother tree, select the autumn shoots with full axillary buds of the previous year and the branches with a diameter of 0.25-0.30 cm as the scion. The scion should be collected at the time when the grafting is completed. Run out for the day.
3、砧苗选择与处理3. Selection and treatment of stock seedlings
4月中旬砧苗已发芽5.0-8.0cm,选择芽径粗0.25-0.35cm的作砧芽,从沙床取出砧芽时必须小心,防止损伤砧芽或种子脱落,取出后用清水洗去河沙,再放入50%的多菌灵500倍液中浸泡10秒,捞出滤干,同时用湿毛巾盖砧芽保湿,备用。The rootstock seedlings have germinated 5.0-8.0cm in mid-April. Choose the rootstock with a diameter of 0.25-0.35cm as the rootstock. Care must be taken when removing the rootstock from the sand bed to prevent the rootstock from being damaged or the seeds falling off. After taking it out, wash it off with clean water. Sand, then put into 50% carbendazim 500 times solution and soak for 10 seconds, remove and filter dry, and cover the anvil buds with a wet towel to moisturize at the same time, set aside.
4、嫁接操作4. Grafting operation
(1)削接穗:每段接穗长2.0cm,一穗一叶,每片叶剪去1/2,平腋芽上端0.30cm处切断,下端保留长1.6cm,削接穗时在芽下方0.30cm处两侧下刀往下斜15°角,削成切口长1.2-1.3cm、30°尖的楔形接穗。(1) Cut the scion: each scion is 2.0cm long, one spike and one leaf, cut off 1/2 of each leaf, cut off at 0.30cm from the upper end of the flat axillary bud, keep 1.6cm long at the lower end, cut the scion at 0.30cm below the bud The lower knife on both sides is inclined downward at an angle of 15°, and cut into a wedge-shaped scion with an incision length of 1.2-1.3cm and a 30° tip.
(2)切砧木:以砧芽作为砧木,在芽苗的种子上方1.5-2.5cm处切断茎尖,芽苗种子下方4.0-5.0cm处断根,然后在苗茎上方中心下刀往下沿髓心劈开,开口长1.2-1.3cm。(2) Cut the rootstock: use the stock bud as the rootstock, cut off the stem tip at 1.5-2.5cm above the seed of the sprout, cut off the root at 4.0-5.0cm below the seed of the sprout, and then cut the center of the stem above the seedling down along the pith The heart is split open, and the opening is 1.2-1.3cm long.
(3)接合:砧木开口后,将削好的楔形接穗直插入开口或将削好的接穗用湿毛巾盖好保湿,在40分钟内嫁接完毕。插接穗时接穗的形成层与砧木的形成层要对准,然后用长3.8cm、宽1.0cm的嫁接专用铝皮包扎,在包扎时要捏紧插好的接穗与砧木,防止松动错位,降低嫁接成活率。(3) Joining: After the rootstock is opened, insert the cut wedge-shaped scion directly into the opening or cover the cut scion with a wet towel to keep it moist, and the grafting is completed within 40 minutes. When inserting the scion, the cambium of the scion and the cambium of the rootstock should be aligned, and then wrapped with a special aluminum skin for grafting with a length of 3.8cm and a width of 1.0cm. Grafting survival rate.
(五)定植(5) Colonization
苗木嫁接后,用湿毛巾盖住保湿,在30分钟内栽植于整好的苗圃地内。在栽植前将备用苗圃地锄松整平,淋湿土壤,按株距4.0cm、行距7.5cm定植,定植时按照其株行距,用直径1.2cm、长20cm的竹扦打洞,洞深5.0-6.0cm,然后将嫁接苗根部插入洞内,植苗时应小心,轻拿轻放,防止嫁接苗接口松动和种子脱落,定植苗木时,砧木芽的种子连同苗木一并入土,嫁接苗的接口应露在土面上方,一边植一边压实土壤,使苗木根系与土壤紧密接触,定植完一畦后立即用干净的清水淋透苗床,待20-30分钟叶片不见水份时,用50%的多菌灵500倍液喷雾。然后在苗床上做保温棚,根据苗床宽度,采用竹片做拱,每个拱高60.0cm,拱与拱的间距70cm,每畦苗床长7.5m,插拱后盖上白色透光的农膜,用土压实拱棚的农膜四周,保温保湿。After the seedlings are grafted, cover them with a wet towel to keep them moist, and plant them in the prepared nursery within 30 minutes. Before planting, hoe and level the spare nursery ground, drench the soil, and plant at a plant spacing of 4.0 cm and a row spacing of 7.5 cm. When planting, use bamboo sticks with a diameter of 1.2 cm and a length of 20 cm to make holes with a depth of 5.0- 6.0cm, and then insert the roots of the grafted seedlings into the hole. Be careful when planting the seedlings, and handle them with care to prevent the grafted seedlings from loosening and the seeds from falling off. Expose above the soil surface, compact the soil while planting, so that the roots of the seedlings are in close contact with the soil, and immediately drench the seedbed with clean water after planting a border, and when the leaves do not see water for 20-30 minutes, use 50% Carbendazim 500 times liquid spray. Then build a thermal insulation shed on the seedbed. According to the width of the seedbed, use bamboo slices to make arches. The height of each arch is 60.0cm, the distance between arches is 70cm, and the length of each seedbed is 7.5m. , Use soil to compact the agricultural film around the shed to keep warm and moisturize.
(六)苗期管理(6) Seedling stage management
1、病害防治1. Disease control
嫁接苗定植后,间隔2-3天观察苗圃,观察时不宜打开农膜,如发现病害,应急时采取措施,揭开农膜喷施70%的甲基托布津800倍液或50%多菌灵800倍液或75%百菌清1000倍液或80%代森锰锌1000倍液(每次使用的药剂不能同一种类,应交换使用),喷药后立即盖上农膜。After the grafted seedlings are planted, observe the nursery at intervals of 2-3 days. It is not advisable to open the plastic film during observation. If any disease is found, take emergency measures to spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution or 50% multi-bacteria 800-fold solution of chlorothalonil or 1000-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil or 1000-fold solution of 80% mancozeb (the agents used each time should not be of the same type, and should be used interchangeably). Cover with agricultural film immediately after spraying.
2、揭农膜、除草、除萌、喷药、叶面肥2. Uncovering plastic film, weeding, weeding, spraying, foliar fertilizer
定植45天,嫁接苗的接口已愈合,并有部分苗木抽新梢,砧木萌芽多,此时应选择阴天或傍晚将农膜拱棚两端打开,使苗床内的空气对流,3-4天后除去农膜,除尽苗床上的杂草,同时用小剪刀沿嫁接成活株的萌芽基部剪除萌芽。然后用70%的甲基托布津500倍液或50%多菌灵500倍液或75%百菌清800倍液全面喷施苗床,间隔7-10天1次,连喷5-6次,每次使用的药剂不能同一种类,应交换使用,在每次喷药后的第3-4天喷施叶面肥1次,叶面肥可用0.7%的硫酸钾复合肥液[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]、绿芬2号800倍液或0.1%磷酸二氢钾+0.2%硼肥液。After 45 days of planting, the interface of the grafted seedlings has healed, and some seedlings have sprouted new shoots, and the rootstocks have sprouted more. At this time, you should choose cloudy days or evenings to open both ends of the agricultural film shed to make the air in the seedbed convect. Remove the plastic film, remove all the weeds on the seedbed, and at the same time use small scissors to cut off the buds along the bud base of the grafted living plants. Then spray the seedbed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution, once every 7-10 days, and spray 5-6 times continuously. The medicaments used each time cannot be of the same type and should be used interchangeably. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once every 3-4 days after each spraying. The foliar fertilizer can be 0.7% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specification: 15 % (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O)], Lufen No. 2 800 times solution or 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% boron fertilizer solution.
3、松土、追肥3. Loose soil and topdressing
定植60-70天后,嫁接苗已完全成活,并有大部分开始抽梢,需要补充养分,松土、除草、除萌后应增施水肥,水肥采用0.5-1.0%的硫酸钾复合肥[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]液,间隔10-15天1次,随着苗龄增大而加大施肥量。如果施肥期处于雨天,可撒施颗粒状硫酸钾复合肥[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)],每亩10kg,撒肥时必须注意,不要将颗粒状肥洒在叶片及嫩梢上,以免造成肥害。最好的施肥方法是,撒粒状肥后用竹杆扒动叶片使粒状肥落于地面,然后略松土。After 60-70 days of planting, the grafted seedlings have completely survived, and most of them start to shoot. They need to supplement nutrients. After loosening the soil, weeding, and degerming, water and fertilizer should be added. The water and fertilizer should be 0.5-1.0% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specification For: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O)] solution, once every 10-15 days, increase the amount of fertilizer as the seedling age increases. If the fertilization period is in rainy days, you can spread granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O)], 10kg per mu, when fertilizing Care must be taken not to sprinkle granular fertilizer on the leaves and young shoots to avoid fertilizer damage. The best method of fertilization is to use a bamboo pole to move the leaves after spreading the granular fertilizer to make the granular fertilizer fall on the ground, and then slightly loosen the soil.
4、抗旱4. Drought resistance
8-10月,南方处于高温干旱季节,在这时期是苗木生长旺季,需要水分较多,如遇长期干旱,应间隔2-3天淋水1次,保持苗床湿润,促进苗木生长。From August to October, the south is in the high-temperature and dry season. During this period, it is the peak season for seedling growth and requires more water. In case of long-term drought, it should be watered once every 2-3 days to keep the seedbed moist and promote the growth of seedlings.
(七)苗木移植(7) Seedling transplantation
金花茶苗木嫁接成活抽梢后,必须移植于营养杯内培养,其营养杯规格是:高16cm,直径15cm,营养土采用pH值5.5-6.5的微酸性疏松的砂质壤土,营养土内配15%腐熟的猪粪。After the golden camellia seedlings are grafted and survived, they must be transplanted into a nutrition cup for cultivation. The specifications of the nutrition cup are: height 16cm, diameter 15cm, and the nutrient soil is slightly acidic loose sandy loam with a pH value of 5.5-6.5. 15% decomposed pig manure.
1、移栽时间、方法1. Transplanting time and method
10月上旬至11月上旬,苗木已停止生长,此时期可将苗木带土移植于备用的营养杯内。移植于营养杯后,按1.2m宽畦面放杯,每行放杯8个,每畦长7.5m,步道40cm,排好一畦的营养杯后及时用清水淋透,待20-30分钟叶片略干后,喷施50%多菌灵500倍液,然后立即做好农膜拱棚,严封保温、保湿,同时设立遮阳度75%的荫棚,荫棚高1.8-2.0m,荫棚四周不透风透阳。移栽后应经常观察,淋水保湿,如有病虫为害,立即采用相关药药剂进行防治。From the first ten days of October to the first ten days of November, the seedlings have stopped growing. During this period, the seedlings can be transplanted into the spare nutrition cup with soil. After transplanting into nutrition cups, put the cups on a 1.2m wide border, put 8 cups in each row, each row is 7.5m long, and the trail is 40cm. After arranging the nutrition cups in a row, pour them with clean water in time and wait for 20-30 minutes After the leaves are slightly dry, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, and then immediately make an arch shed with agricultural film, tightly seal heat preservation, keep moisture, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 75%. The surroundings are airtight and sunny. After transplanting, it should be observed frequently, watered to keep it moist, and if there is any damage by diseases and insect pests, relevant medicines should be used to prevent and control immediately.
2、除荫棚、保温农膜2. Shade sheds and thermal insulation agricultural films
次年2月中旬,气温回升,苗木根系已长出白色的细根,并有部分苗木开始抽新梢,可将农膜拱棚除去,同时逐步打开遮荫网,增加光照,使苗木进入正常生长。In mid-February of the following year, when the temperature rises, the root system of the seedlings has grown white fine roots, and some seedlings have begun to shoot new shoots. The plastic film shed can be removed, and the shading net is gradually opened to increase the light, so that the seedlings can enter normal growth. .
3、施肥、抗旱3. Fertilization and drought resistance
间隔15天后追肥一次,3-7月是苗木生长期,晴天采用水肥施,雨天撒施粒状肥,肥料种类以硫酸钾复合肥[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]为主,不能使用尿素和碳铵,以免造成苗木肥害。在8-10月旱季,间隔2-3天淋水1次,保持营养杯内的土壤湿润。Fertilize once after an interval of 15 days. From March to July is the seedling growth period. Water fertilizer is applied in sunny days, and granular fertilizer is applied in rainy days. The type of fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O)], urea and ammonium bicarbonate should not be used, so as not to cause fertilizer damage to seedlings. In the dry season from August to October, water once every 2-3 days to keep the soil in the nutrition cup moist.
4、搭荫棚4. Set up a shade shed
金花茶苗木,幼苗期仍需要适当荫蔽,如果遇到强阳曝晒将会抑制苗木生长,5月中旬至9月中旬,南方处于高温干旱,除加强淋水外,应设立荫棚遮荫,荫棚高1.8-2.0m,遮阳度65%。Golden camellia seedlings still need proper shade at the seedling stage. If exposed to strong sunlight, the growth of the seedlings will be inhibited. From mid-May to mid-September, the south is in high temperature and drought. In addition to strengthening watering, shade sheds should be set up. The height of the shed is 1.8-2.0m, and the shading degree is 65%.
(八)苗木出圃(8) Seedlings out of the nursery
经过2年的培育,苗木高度达到45cm以上,径粗(嫁接口以上1.0cm处直径)0.4-0.5cm的金花茶营养杯嫁接苗,即为出圃合格苗,可供出圃造林用苗。After 2 years of cultivation, the grafted seedlings of golden camellia nutrition cups with a height of more than 45cm and a diameter of 0.4-0.5cm thick (1.0cm above the grafting interface) are qualified seedlings that can be used for afforestation.
实施例1Example 1
以下是本申请发明人应用本繁殖方法在2012年4月-2013年4月培育7万多株金花茶苗木的实例。The following is an example of the inventors of the present application applying this propagation method to cultivate more than 70,000 Camellia camellia seedlings in April 2012-April 2013.
(一)砧苗培育(1) Stock seedling cultivation
2011年11月上旬选择有5%-8%的果实在树上开裂的越南油茶作种,经过2天日晒后,收回室内摊放在阴凉通风处,果实开裂后取出种子,选出粒大饱满、每公斤450-500粒的种子培育砧苗。在室内采用混泥土砖砌成种子贮藏畦,畦面宽1.2m、步道40cm、高35cm,并用50%的多菌灵800倍液消毒,先在畦底垫一层12cm厚的河沙,在河沙上均匀撒播一层种子,然后盖一层3.0cm厚的河沙再撒播一层种子,最后再盖一层12cm厚的河沙、压实。2月中下旬,气温回升到16℃以上时,采用50%多菌灵1000倍液淋透贮藏畦畦面的河沙,保持河沙湿润,使种子萌发,培育出粗壮的嫁接用砧苗。In early November 2011, Vietnamese Camellia oleifera with 5%-8% of the fruit cracked on the tree was selected as the seed. After 2 days of sun exposure, it was taken back indoors and spread in a cool and ventilated place. After the fruit cracked, the seeds were taken out and the large grains were selected. Full-bodied, 450-500 seeds per kilogram are used to cultivate stock seedlings. Concrete bricks are used indoors to build a seed storage bed with a width of 1.2m, a walkway of 40cm, and a height of 35cm, and sterilized with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution. Sow a layer of seeds evenly on the river sand, then cover with a layer of 3.0cm thick river sand and then spread another layer of seeds, and finally cover with a layer of 12cm thick river sand for compaction. In mid-to-late February, when the temperature rises above 16°C, use 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution to drench the river sand on the surface of the storage border to keep the river sand moist, so that the seeds can germinate and grow strong stock seedlings for grafting.
(二)苗圃地选择与整地(2) Nursery site selection and site preparation
金花茶苗圃地土层深50cm以上,土质疏松肥沃,土壤pH值在5.5-6.5在2011年11月中旬至12月下旬进行深翻25cm,2012年2月中旬进行第二次整地,深挖20cm、打碎土块,按畦面宽1.2m、步道宽40cm、高18cm起畦,每亩施硫酸钾复合肥(固体粒状)规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]30kg和过磷酸钙50kg,深翻,基肥与土壤充分拌匀,然后每亩洒施浓度为2%的硫酸亚铁水溶液8kg,盖上农膜备用。The soil layer of the golden camellia nursery is more than 50cm deep, the soil is loose and fertile, and the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5. Deep plowing was carried out from mid-November to late December 2011, and the second soil preparation was carried out in mid-February 2012, with a depth of 20cm. 1. Break up the soil clods, start the furrow according to the width of the furrow surface 1.2m, the width of the trail 40cm, and the height of 18cm, and apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (solid granular) per mu. The specifications are: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ) , 15% (K 2 O)] 30kg and superphosphate 50kg, deep plowing, base fertilizer and soil fully mixed, then 8kg of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 2% per mu, covered with agricultural film for later use.
(三)搭荫棚(3) Shade shed
在嫁接苗培育圃地上设立荫棚,用混凝土桩搭架,架高2.0m,上覆遮阳网,遮阳度75%,荫棚四周全部遮住。Set up a shade shed on the grafted seedling cultivation nursery, use concrete piles to build a frame with a height of 2.0m, and cover it with a sunshade net with a shading degree of 75%. The surroundings of the shade shed are all covered.
(四)嫁接(4) Grafting
2012年4月中旬至5月中旬嫁接,在金花茶母树树冠中上部,选择上年生腋芽饱满的秋梢,径粗0.25-0.30cm的枝条作接穗,每段接穗长2.0cm,一穗一叶,每片叶剪去1/2,平腋芽上端0.30cm处切断,下端保留长1.6cm,削接穗时在芽下方0.30cm处两侧下刀往下斜15°角,削成切口1.3cm长、30°尖的楔形接穗。Grafting from mid-April to mid-May in 2012. In the middle and upper part of the canopy of Camellia japonica, select the autumn shoots with full axillary buds from the previous year and branches with a diameter of 0.25-0.30cm as scions. Each scion is 2.0cm long, with one spike and one leaf. , cut off 1/2 of each leaf, cut off the upper end of the flat axillary bud at 0.30 cm, and keep the lower end at 1.6 cm long. , 30° pointed wedge-shaped scion.
2012年4月中旬选择芽径粗0.25-0.35cm的作砧芽,砧芽用清水洗去河沙,再放入50%的多菌灵500倍液中浸泡10秒,捞出滤干,以砧芽作为砧木,在芽苗的种子上方1.50-2.50cm处切断茎尖,芽苗种子下方4.0-5.0cm处断根,然后在苗茎上方中心下刀往下沿髓心劈开,开口长1.2-1.3cm。In mid-April 2012, the stock buds with a diameter of 0.25-0.35 cm were selected as stock buds. The stock buds were washed with clean water to remove river sand, and then soaked in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 10 seconds. The stock bud is used as the rootstock, cut off the stem tip at 1.50-2.50cm above the seed of the sprout, and cut off the root at 4.0-5.0cm below the seed of the sprout, and then cut down the center of the stem above the stem and split along the pith center, with an opening length of 1.2 -1.3cm.
将削好的楔形接穗直插入砧木开口,用长3.8cm、宽1.0cm的嫁接专用铝皮包扎。Insert the cut wedge-shaped scion straight into the rootstock opening, and wrap it with a special aluminum skin for grafting with a length of 3.8 cm and a width of 1.0 cm.
(五)定植(5) Colonization
苗木嫁接后,在30分钟内栽植于整好的苗圃地内。按株距4.0cm、行距7.5cm定植,定植时按照其株行距,用直径1.2cm、长20cm的竹扦打洞,洞深5.0-6.0cm,然后将嫁接苗根部插入洞内,一边植一边压实土壤,定植完一畦后用干净的清水淋透苗床,待20-30分钟叶片不见水份时,用50%的多菌灵500倍液喷雾。然后在苗床上做保温棚,采用竹片做拱,每个拱高60.0cm,拱与拱的间距70.0cm,每畦苗床长7.5m,插拱后盖上白色透光的农膜,用土压实拱棚的农膜四周,保温保湿。After the seedlings are grafted, they are planted in the whole nursery within 30 minutes. Plant at a plant spacing of 4.0cm and a row spacing of 7.5cm. When planting, use bamboo skewers with a diameter of 1.2cm and a length of 20cm to make holes with a depth of 5.0-6.0cm. Then insert the roots of the grafted seedlings into the holes and press them while planting. Firm the soil, after planting a plot, drench the seedbed with clean water, and spray with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution after 20-30 minutes when the leaves do not see any water. Then build a thermal insulation shed on the seedbed, using bamboo slices as arches, each arch is 60.0cm high, the distance between arches is 70.0cm, and the length of each seedbed is 7.5m. The agricultural film surrounding the solid arch shed keeps heat and moisturizes.
(六)苗期管理(6) Seedling stage management
嫁接苗定植后,间隔2-3天观察苗圃,防止病虫害。定植45天后,选择阴天或傍晚将农膜拱棚两端打开,3-4天后除去农膜,除尽苗床上的杂草,同时用小剪刀沿嫁接成活株的萌芽基部剪除萌芽。然后用70%的甲基托布津500倍液或50%多菌灵800倍液或75%百菌清1000倍液或80%代森锰锌1000倍液全面喷施苗床,间隔7-10天1次,连喷5-6次,每次使用的药剂不能同一种类,应交换使用,在每次喷药后的第3-4天喷施叶面肥1次,叶面肥可用0.7%的硫酸钾复合肥[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]液或绿芬2号800倍液或0.1%磷酸二氢钾+0.2%硼肥液。After the grafted seedlings are planted, observe the nursery at intervals of 2-3 days to prevent pests and diseases. After 45 days of planting, open both ends of the plastic film shed on a cloudy day or in the evening, remove the plastic film after 3-4 days, remove all the weeds on the seedbed, and use small scissors to cut off the sprouts along the sprouting base of the grafted living plants. Then spray the seedbed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times or 50% carbendazim 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times or 80% mancozeb 1000 times, with an interval of 7-10 days 1 time, spray 5-6 times in a row, the agent used each time should not be the same type, and should be used interchangeably. Spray foliar fertilizer once 3-4 days after each spraying, and 0.7% foliar fertilizer can be used Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O)] liquid or Lufen 2 No. 800 times liquid or 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% Boron fertilizer solution.
定植60-70天后,松土、除草、除萌后应增施水肥,水肥采用0.5-1.0%的硫酸钾复合肥[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]液,间隔10-15天1次,随着苗龄增大而加大施肥量。After 60-70 days of planting, water and fertilizer should be applied after loosening the soil, weeding, and germination. The water and fertilizer should be 0.5-1.0% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% %(K 2 O)] solution, once every 10-15 days, and increase the amount of fertilizer as the seedling age increases.
2012年8-10月,及时浇水,保持苗床湿润,促进苗木生长。From August to October 2012, water in time to keep the seedbed moist and promote the growth of seedlings.
(七)苗木移植(7) Seedling transplantation
2012年10月上旬至11月上旬,将苗木带土移植于备用的营养杯内。营养杯规格是:高16cm,直径15cm,营养土采用pH值5.5-6.5的微酸性疏松的砂质壤土,营养土内配15%腐熟的猪粪。移植于营养杯后,按1.2m宽畦面放杯,每行放杯8个,每畦长7.5m,步道40cm,排好一畦的营养杯后及时用清水淋透,待20-30分钟叶片略干后,喷施50%多菌灵500倍液,做好农膜拱棚,同时设立遮阳度75%的荫棚,荫棚高2.0m,荫棚四周不透风透阳。From early October to early November 2012, transplant the seedlings with soil into the spare nutrition cup. The specifications of the nutrition cup are: height 16cm, diameter 15cm, nutrient soil adopts slightly acidic loose sandy loam with a pH value of 5.5-6.5, and 15% decomposed pig manure is used in the nutrient soil. After transplanting into nutrition cups, put the cups on a 1.2m wide border, put 8 cups in each row, each row is 7.5m long, and the trail is 40cm. After arranging the nutrition cups in a row, pour them with clean water in time and wait for 20-30 minutes After the leaves are slightly dry, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, make an arch shed with agricultural film, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 75%.
2013年2月中旬,将农膜拱棚除去,同时逐步打开遮荫网,增加光照,使苗木进入正常生长。In mid-February 2013, the plastic film shed was removed, and the shading net was gradually opened to increase the light, so that the seedlings began to grow normally.
间隔15天后追肥一次,2013年3-7月是苗木生长期,晴天采用水肥施,雨天撒施粒状肥,肥料种类以硫酸钾复合肥[规格为:15%(N)、15%(P2O5)、15%(K2O)]为主。在8-10月旱季,间隔2-3天淋水1次,保持营养杯内的土壤湿润。Fertilize once after an interval of 15 days. From March to July 2013 is the growth period of seedlings. Water fertilizer is applied in sunny days, and granular fertilizer is applied in rainy days. The type of fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P 2 O 5 ), 15% (K 2 O)] mainly. In the dry season from August to October, water once every 2-3 days to keep the soil in the nutrition cup moist.
2013年5月中旬至9月中旬,加强淋水,设立荫棚遮荫,荫棚高2.0m,遮阳度65%。From mid-May to mid-September 2013, watering was strengthened, and awnings were set up for shade. The height of the awnings was 2.0m, and the shading degree was 65%.
(八)苗木出圃(8) Seedlings out of the nursery
经过2年的培育,苗木高度达到45cm以上,径粗(嫁接口以上1.0cm处直径)0.4-0.5cm的金花茶营养杯嫁接苗,即为出圃合格苗,可供出圃造林用苗。After 2 years of cultivation, the grafted seedlings of golden camellia nutrition cups with a height of more than 45cm and a diameter of 0.4-0.5cm thick (1.0cm above the grafting interface) are qualified seedlings that can be used for afforestation.
其中,本实施例的嫁接成活率95%、苗木保存率85%。Wherein, the graft survival rate of the present embodiment is 95%, and the nursery stock preservation rate is 85%.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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