CN103283450A - Golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method. The golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method includes the steps of stock seedlings cultivation, nursery lands selection and soil preparation, sun shelter building, grafting, field planting, seedling management, nursery stock transplanting, nursery stock out-planting and the like. Bud seedling stocks are grafted indoors, and the golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method is simple and easy to operate, high in grafting speed, low in cost and high in benefit and is an important technique for cultivating a large number of golden camellia grafting seedlings.

Description

A kind of propagation method of golden camellia bud seedling grafting

technical field

The invention relates to a flower propagation method, in particular to a method for grafting golden camellia bud seedlings with stock.

Background technique

Golden Camellia, a small tree belonging to the family Theaceae, is one of the eight most precious plants in my country. Class I protected rare plants. Camellia japonica is famous in the world. Japan once introduced a plant of Camellia japonica from China for 25,000 US dollars, which caused a sensation in the world and shocked the world's flower beds. Golden camellia contains more than ten kinds of trace elements and tea polyphenols with important health value such as natural organic germanium, selenium, molybdenum, vanadium, zinc, and amino acids necessary for the human body. Delay aging, improve immune function and other health care effects.

In recent years, the price of qualified seedlings of Camellia camellia is 30-50 yuan per plant, the price of fresh leaves is 6.0 yuan per kilogram, and the price of flowers is 800-1000 yuan per kilogram. It is an evergreen rare and precious tree species, and planting golden camellia has obvious effects on protecting the ecology and beautifying the environment. It can be seen that the economic, social and ecological "three major" benefits of developing the golden camellia industry are remarkable.

Golden camellia mainly grows in warm, humid, half shade and half sun areas, most of which grow under coniferous and broad-leaved forests, suitable for understory cultivation. The development of the under-forest economy is a new way that is "short, flat and fast" and benefits thousands of households in rural areas. It is a green and people-benefiting project that guides farmers to get rich without cutting down trees or cut down trees less, save forest resources and protect the ecology. Guangxi attaches great importance to the development of under-forest economy. In June 2010, the party committee and government of the autonomous region held the first on-site meeting on under-forest economic development in the whole region, and introduced a series of policies to benefit farmers, which promoted the rapid development of under-forest economy; in October 2010, Guangxi District The government has successively promulgated the "Opinions on Vigorously Promoting Under-forest Economic Development", and implemented a series of vigorous and wide-ranging under-forest economic development policies. And allocate 500 million yuan of funds to support the economic development of forests. In September 2011, the General Office of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region and the General Office of the Government jointly issued a document to launch the project of "increasing the income of tens of millions of farmers and thousands of yuan" in Guangxi's under-forest economy: starting from 2011, it will take five years to strive for the development of the under-forest economic area of the whole region to 5,000 10,000 mu, with an annual output value of 50 billion yuan; through the development of the underforest economy, a total of 20 million forest farmers have achieved an average annual income increase of more than 1,000 yuan. With such a large-scale development of the under-forest economy, camellia camellia has become the first choice for planting under the forest. Massive breeding of camellia camellia seedlings is the key to the development of the rare and precious plant-Camellia camellia breeding, protection, development and utilization and to promote the development of the under-forest economy. It is of great significance to increase income and realize the new leap of enriching the people and strengthening Guangxi.

In order to expand the propagation of golden camellia seedlings, some domestic scientific research institutes have successively carried out research on propagation techniques using seeds, high-altitude layering, cuttings, grafting, etc. , but there is genetic instability, low survival rate, difficult to cultivate a large number of seedlings, no large-scale propagation and application, outdoor operation, slow grafting speed, labor and time-consuming, high cost and low benefit.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for grafting golden camellia bud seedling anvils. The propagation method of the present invention adopts bud seedling anvils for grafting indoors. The operation is simple and easy, the grafting speed is fast, the cost is low, and the benefit is high. An important technology for chemical seedling cultivation and mass cultivation of Camellia japonica grafted seedlings. The present invention cultivated more than 70,000 golden camellia seedlings at one time in 2012 only (the survival rate of grafting was 95%, and the preservation rate of seedlings was 85%).

The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a kind of breeding method of Camellia japonica bud seedling grafting, comprising:

(1) Stock seedling cultivation

1. Seed selection: pick mature Vietnamese Camellia oleifera fruit, put it in a cool and ventilated place after 1-2 days of sun exposure, and take out the seeds after the fruit cracks;

2. Seed storage and germination: The seeds are stored and germinated in clean river sand, and thick seedlings for grafting are cultivated;

(2) Nursery site selection and site preparation

Choose a location with convenient transportation, sunny and leeward, the soil depth is more than 50cm, and the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5. Deep plowing was carried out by 25cm from mid-November to late December of the previous year, and the second soil preparation was carried out in mid-February of the following year. Dig 20cm deep, apply base fertilizer, plow deeply, then sprinkle 8kg of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 2% per mu, and cover with agricultural film for later use;

(3) Shade shed

Set up a shade shed on the nursery ground, with a height of 1.8-2.0m, covered with a sunshade net, with a shading degree of 75%, covering all sides of the shade shed;

(4) Grafting

1. Grafting time: mid-April to mid-May;

2. Scion selection and storage: In the middle and upper part of the canopy of the mother tree of Camellia chrysanthemum, select the autumn shoots with full axillary buds of the previous year, and the branches with a diameter of 0.25-0.30cm are used as scions;

3. Selection and treatment of stock seedlings: select stock seedlings with a diameter of 0.25-0.35 cm as stock buds, wash the stock buds with clean water to remove river sand, then soak them in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 10 seconds, remove Take out and filter to dry, and at the same time cover the anvil bud with a wet towel to moisturize, set aside;

4. Grafting operation

(1) Cut the scion: each scion is 2.0cm long, one spike and one leaf, cut off 1/2 of each leaf, cut off at 0.30cm from the upper end of the flat axillary bud, keep the lower end at 1.6cm long, cut the scion at 0.3cm below the bud The lower knives on both sides are inclined downward at an angle of 15°, and cut into a wedge-shaped scion with a 1.3cm long incision and a 30°tip;

(2) Cut the rootstock: use the stock bud as the rootstock, cut off the stem tip at 1.50-2.50cm above the seed of the sprout, cut off the root at 4.0-5.0cm below the seed of the sprout, and then cut down the center of the stem above the seedling along the pith The heart is split open, the opening length is 1.2-1.3cm;

(3) Joining: After the rootstock is opened, insert the cut wedge-shaped scion straight into the opening, and wrap it with a special aluminum skin for grafting with a length of 3.8 cm and a width of 1.0 cm;

(5) Colonization

After grafting, plant in the nursery within 30 minutes, and plant at a plant spacing of 4.0 cm and a row spacing of 7.5 cm. After planting a border, drench the seedbed with clean water. After 20-30 minutes, when the leaves do not see water, use 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid spray, and then make a heat preservation shed on the seedbed;

(6) Seedling stage management

Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, timely remove the plastic film, weeding, removing germination, spraying pesticides, applying foliar fertilizer, loosening soil, topdressing, and watering in time;

(7) Seedling transplantation

From the first ten days of October to the first ten days of November, after the golden camellia seedlings are grafted and survived, they are transplanted into nutrient cups for cultivation, and the cups are placed in a 1.2m wide border, with 8 cups per row, each border is 7.5m long, and the trail is 40cm. After making a nutrient cup, pour it with clean water in time. After 20-30 minutes, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, then make an agricultural film shed, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 75%. The height is 1.8-2.0m, and the surrounding area of the awning is airtight and sunny;

In mid-February of the following year, remove the agricultural film shed, and topdress the fertilizer once every 15 days.

(8) Seedlings out of the nursery

Seedlings with a height of more than 45cm and a diameter of 0.4-0.5cm in diameter are grafted seedlings of golden camellia nutritional cups, which are qualified seedlings out of the nursery.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

Further, in the nursery field selection and site preparation, the base fertilizer applied is 30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (solid granular) and 50kg of superphosphate per mu of nursery field, and the specification of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is: 15% (N ), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O).

Further, in the management of the seedling stage, the spraying refers to spraying the seedbed with 500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl or 500 times of 50% carbendazim or 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil, with an interval of 7-10 days. Once a day, spray 5-6 times in a row. The medicament used each time cannot be the same type and should be used interchangeably. The foliar fertilizer mentioned above refers to spraying foliar fertilizer once on the 3rd to 4th day after each spraying. , the foliage fertilizer is 0.7% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer solution [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O)], Lufen 2 800 times liquid , one of the mixtures of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% boron fertilizer;

Further, in the transplanting of seedlings, the specifications of the nutrient cup are: 16 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The nutrient soil is slightly acidic loose sandy loam with a pH value of 5.5-6.5, and 15% decomposed pig manure is used in the nutrient soil.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The root system of the grafted seedlings cultivated by the method of the present invention is developed, the root system is developed, the growth is fast, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is high, the rate of emergence from the nursery is high, the seedlings can be propagated on a large scale, the operation is simple and easy, the grafting speed is fast, the cost is low, and the benefit is high. High, cost-saving, remarkable economic and social benefits, it is an important technology for industrial seedling cultivation and large-scale cultivation of Camellia japonica grafted seedlings. The present invention cultivated more than 70,000 golden camellia seedlings at one time in 2012 only (the survival rate of grafting was 95%, and the preservation rate of seedlings was 85%).

Bud seedling anvils described in the present invention refer to the buds that have not been lignified from the seeds of Camellia oleifera, with a bud length of 5.0 to 8.0 cm and a root length of 4 to 8 cm;

Grafting in the present invention refers to single bud split grafting.

Detailed ways

The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The concrete operating steps of propagation method of the present invention are described in detail below:

(1) Stock seedling cultivation

1. Seed selection

During the harvesting period of Camellia oleifera in early November, fully mature (5%-8% of the fruit is cracked on the tree) Vietnamese Camellia oleifera is selected as the seed. After the tea fruit is harvested, after 1-2 days of sun exposure, take it back indoors and spread it in a cool and ventilated place. After the fruit cracks, take out the seeds and select the large and plump seeds with 450-500 grains per kilogram.

2. Seed storage and germination

After the seeds are taken out, use clean river sand for storage and germination, and use concrete bricks to build a bed indoors or outdoors. The seed storage bed is 1.2m wide, 40cm long, and 35cm high. The river sand must be clean and free of other debris. and sterilized with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution, first place a layer of 12cm thick river sand on the bottom of the bed, spread a layer of seeds evenly on the river sand (seeds cannot overlap), and then cover with a layer 3.0cm thick river sand and then sow a layer of seeds, and finally cover with a layer of 12cm thick river sand, compacted, the humidity of the river sand is controlled by hand to knead into a ball, and it will disperse when you let go. If outdoor storage is adopted, a shade shed must be set up above the storage furrow, the height of the shade shed is 1.8-2.0m, and the shading degree is 75%. At the same time, a layer of agricultural film is covered to prevent rainwater from pouring on the furrow surface and prevent rodent damage. Check once every 15 days during the seed storage period. If the river sand is too dry, it must be properly watered to moisturize.

In mid-to-late February, when the temperature rises above 16°C, use 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution to drench the river sand on the surface of the storage bed, and then keep the river sand moist to germinate the seeds and cultivate a strong stock for grafting Seedling.

(2) Nursery site selection and site preparation

The golden camellia nursery should be located in a sunny and leeward area with convenient transportation. The soil layer is required to be more than 50cm deep, loose and fertile, slightly acidic, with a pH value of 5.5-6.5. After the nursery site is selected, plow 25 cm deep from mid-November to late December of the previous year to weather the soil over the winter. In mid-February of the following year, carry out the second soil preparation, dig 20cm deep, break up the soil clods, start the border according to the width of the border 1.2m, the width of the trail 40cm, and the height of 18cm. Granular) [Specification: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O)] 30kg and 50kg of superphosphate, deep plowing, fully mix base fertilizer and soil, and then sprinkle Apply 8 kg of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 2%, and cover with agricultural film for subsequent use.

(3) Shade shed

Set up a shade shed on the grafted seedling cultivation nursery, use concrete piles to build a frame with a height of 1.8-2.0m, and cover with a sunshade net with a shading degree of 75%. The surroundings of the shade shed are completely covered to prevent wind and sunlight from entering.

(4) Grafting

1. Grafting time

From mid-April to mid-May.

2. Scion selection and storage

In the middle and upper part of the canopy of the Camellia japonica mother tree, select the autumn shoots with full axillary buds of the previous year and the branches with a diameter of 0.25-0.30 cm as the scion. The scion should be collected at the time when the grafting is completed. Run out for the day.

3. Selection and treatment of stock seedlings

The rootstock seedlings have germinated 5.0-8.0cm in mid-April. Choose the rootstock with a diameter of 0.25-0.35cm as the rootstock. Care must be taken when removing the rootstock from the sand bed to prevent the rootstock from being damaged or the seeds falling off. After taking it out, wash it off with clean water. Sand, then put into 50% carbendazim 500 times solution and soak for 10 seconds, remove and filter dry, and cover the anvil buds with a wet towel to moisturize at the same time, set aside.

4. Grafting operation

(1) Cut the scion: each scion is 2.0cm long, one spike and one leaf, cut off 1/2 of each leaf, cut off at 0.30cm from the upper end of the flat axillary bud, keep 1.6cm long at the lower end, cut the scion at 0.30cm below the bud The lower knife on both sides is inclined downward at an angle of 15°, and cut into a wedge-shaped scion with an incision length of 1.2-1.3cm and a 30° tip.

(2) Cut the rootstock: use the stock bud as the rootstock, cut off the stem tip at 1.5-2.5cm above the seed of the sprout, cut off the root at 4.0-5.0cm below the seed of the sprout, and then cut the center of the stem above the seedling down along the pith The heart is split open, and the opening is 1.2-1.3cm long.

(3) Joining: After the rootstock is opened, insert the cut wedge-shaped scion directly into the opening or cover the cut scion with a wet towel to keep it moist, and the grafting is completed within 40 minutes. When inserting the scion, the cambium of the scion and the cambium of the rootstock should be aligned, and then wrapped with a special aluminum skin for grafting with a length of 3.8cm and a width of 1.0cm. Grafting survival rate.

(5) Colonization

After the seedlings are grafted, cover them with a wet towel to keep them moist, and plant them in the prepared nursery within 30 minutes. Before planting, hoe and level the spare nursery ground, drench the soil, and plant at a plant spacing of 4.0 cm and a row spacing of 7.5 cm. When planting, use bamboo sticks with a diameter of 1.2 cm and a length of 20 cm to make holes with a depth of 5.0- 6.0cm, and then insert the roots of the grafted seedlings into the hole. Be careful when planting the seedlings, and handle them with care to prevent the grafted seedlings from loosening and the seeds from falling off. Expose above the soil surface, compact the soil while planting, so that the roots of the seedlings are in close contact with the soil, and immediately drench the seedbed with clean water after planting a border, and when the leaves do not see water for 20-30 minutes, use 50% Carbendazim 500 times liquid spray. Then build a thermal insulation shed on the seedbed. According to the width of the seedbed, use bamboo slices to make arches. The height of each arch is 60.0cm, the distance between arches is 70cm, and the length of each seedbed is 7.5m. , Use soil to compact the agricultural film around the shed to keep warm and moisturize.

(6) Seedling stage management

1. Disease control

After the grafted seedlings are planted, observe the nursery at intervals of 2-3 days. It is not advisable to open the plastic film during observation. If any disease is found, take emergency measures to spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution or 50% multi-bacteria 800-fold solution of chlorothalonil or 1000-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil or 1000-fold solution of 80% mancozeb (the agents used each time should not be of the same type, and should be used interchangeably). Cover with agricultural film immediately after spraying.

2. Uncovering plastic film, weeding, weeding, spraying, foliar fertilizer

After 45 days of planting, the interface of the grafted seedlings has healed, and some seedlings have sprouted new shoots, and the rootstocks have sprouted more. At this time, you should choose cloudy days or evenings to open both ends of the agricultural film shed to make the air in the seedbed convect. Remove the plastic film, remove all the weeds on the seedbed, and at the same time use small scissors to cut off the buds along the bud base of the grafted living plants. Then spray the seedbed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution, once every 7-10 days, and spray 5-6 times continuously. The medicaments used each time cannot be of the same type and should be used interchangeably. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once every 3-4 days after each spraying. The foliar fertilizer can be 0.7% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specification: 15 % (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O)], Lufen No. 2 800 times solution or 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% boron fertilizer solution.

3. Loose soil and topdressing

After 60-70 days of planting, the grafted seedlings have completely survived, and most of them start to shoot. They need to supplement nutrients. After loosening the soil, weeding, and degerming, water and fertilizer should be added. The water and fertilizer should be 0.5-1.0% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specification For: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O)] solution, once every 10-15 days, increase the amount of fertilizer as the seedling age increases. If the fertilization period is in rainy days, you can spread granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O)], 10kg per mu, when fertilizing Care must be taken not to sprinkle granular fertilizer on the leaves and young shoots to avoid fertilizer damage. The best method of fertilization is to use a bamboo pole to move the leaves after spreading the granular fertilizer to make the granular fertilizer fall on the ground, and then slightly loosen the soil.

4. Drought resistance

From August to October, the south is in the high-temperature and dry season. During this period, it is the peak season for seedling growth and requires more water. In case of long-term drought, it should be watered once every 2-3 days to keep the seedbed moist and promote the growth of seedlings.

(7) Seedling transplantation

After the golden camellia seedlings are grafted and survived, they must be transplanted into a nutrition cup for cultivation. The specifications of the nutrition cup are: height 16cm, diameter 15cm, and the nutrient soil is slightly acidic loose sandy loam with a pH value of 5.5-6.5. 15% decomposed pig manure.

1. Transplanting time and method

From the first ten days of October to the first ten days of November, the seedlings have stopped growing. During this period, the seedlings can be transplanted into the spare nutrition cup with soil. After transplanting into nutrition cups, put the cups on a 1.2m wide border, put 8 cups in each row, each row is 7.5m long, and the trail is 40cm. After arranging the nutrition cups in a row, pour them with clean water in time and wait for 20-30 minutes After the leaves are slightly dry, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, and then immediately make an arch shed with agricultural film, tightly seal heat preservation, keep moisture, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 75%. The surroundings are airtight and sunny. After transplanting, it should be observed frequently, watered to keep it moist, and if there is any damage by diseases and insect pests, relevant medicines should be used to prevent and control immediately.

2. Shade sheds and thermal insulation agricultural films

In mid-February of the following year, when the temperature rises, the root system of the seedlings has grown white fine roots, and some seedlings have begun to shoot new shoots. The plastic film shed can be removed, and the shading net is gradually opened to increase the light, so that the seedlings can enter normal growth. .

3. Fertilization and drought resistance

Fertilize once after an interval of 15 days. From March to July is the seedling growth period. Water fertilizer is applied in sunny days, and granular fertilizer is applied in rainy days. The type of fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O)], urea and ammonium bicarbonate should not be used, so as not to cause fertilizer damage to seedlings. In the dry season from August to October, water once every 2-3 days to keep the soil in the nutrition cup moist.

4. Set up a shade shed

Golden camellia seedlings still need proper shade at the seedling stage. If exposed to strong sunlight, the growth of the seedlings will be inhibited. From mid-May to mid-September, the south is in high temperature and drought. In addition to strengthening watering, shade sheds should be set up. The height of the shed is 1.8-2.0m, and the shading degree is 65%.

(8) Seedlings out of the nursery

After 2 years of cultivation, the grafted seedlings of golden camellia nutrition cups with a height of more than 45cm and a diameter of 0.4-0.5cm thick (1.0cm above the grafting interface) are qualified seedlings that can be used for afforestation.

Example 1

The following is an example of the inventors of the present application applying this propagation method to cultivate more than 70,000 Camellia camellia seedlings in April 2012-April 2013.

(1) Stock seedling cultivation

In early November 2011, Vietnamese Camellia oleifera with 5%-8% of the fruit cracked on the tree was selected as the seed. After 2 days of sun exposure, it was taken back indoors and spread in a cool and ventilated place. After the fruit cracked, the seeds were taken out and the large grains were selected. Full-bodied, 450-500 seeds per kilogram are used to cultivate stock seedlings. Concrete bricks are used indoors to build a seed storage bed with a width of 1.2m, a walkway of 40cm, and a height of 35cm, and sterilized with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution. Sow a layer of seeds evenly on the river sand, then cover with a layer of 3.0cm thick river sand and then spread another layer of seeds, and finally cover with a layer of 12cm thick river sand for compaction. In mid-to-late February, when the temperature rises above 16°C, use 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution to drench the river sand on the surface of the storage border to keep the river sand moist, so that the seeds can germinate and grow strong stock seedlings for grafting.

(2) Nursery site selection and site preparation

The soil layer of the golden camellia nursery is more than 50cm deep, the soil is loose and fertile, and the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5. Deep plowing was carried out from mid-November to late December 2011, and the second soil preparation was carried out in mid-February 2012, with a depth of 20cm. 1. Break up the soil clods, start the furrow according to the width of the furrow surface 1.2m, the width of the trail 40cm, and the height of 18cm, and apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (solid granular) per mu. The specifications are: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ) , 15% (K ₂ O)] 30kg and superphosphate 50kg, deep plowing, base fertilizer and soil fully mixed, then 8kg of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 2% per mu, covered with agricultural film for later use.

(3) Shade shed

Set up a shade shed on the grafted seedling cultivation nursery, use concrete piles to build a frame with a height of 2.0m, and cover it with a sunshade net with a shading degree of 75%. The surroundings of the shade shed are all covered.

(4) Grafting

Grafting from mid-April to mid-May in 2012. In the middle and upper part of the canopy of Camellia japonica, select the autumn shoots with full axillary buds from the previous year and branches with a diameter of 0.25-0.30cm as scions. Each scion is 2.0cm long, with one spike and one leaf. , cut off 1/2 of each leaf, cut off the upper end of the flat axillary bud at 0.30 cm, and keep the lower end at 1.6 cm long. , 30° pointed wedge-shaped scion.

In mid-April 2012, the stock buds with a diameter of 0.25-0.35 cm were selected as stock buds. The stock buds were washed with clean water to remove river sand, and then soaked in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 10 seconds. The stock bud is used as the rootstock, cut off the stem tip at 1.50-2.50cm above the seed of the sprout, and cut off the root at 4.0-5.0cm below the seed of the sprout, and then cut down the center of the stem above the stem and split along the pith center, with an opening length of 1.2 -1.3cm.

Insert the cut wedge-shaped scion straight into the rootstock opening, and wrap it with a special aluminum skin for grafting with a length of 3.8 cm and a width of 1.0 cm.

(5) Colonization

After the seedlings are grafted, they are planted in the whole nursery within 30 minutes. Plant at a plant spacing of 4.0cm and a row spacing of 7.5cm. When planting, use bamboo skewers with a diameter of 1.2cm and a length of 20cm to make holes with a depth of 5.0-6.0cm. Then insert the roots of the grafted seedlings into the holes and press them while planting. Firm the soil, after planting a plot, drench the seedbed with clean water, and spray with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution after 20-30 minutes when the leaves do not see any water. Then build a thermal insulation shed on the seedbed, using bamboo slices as arches, each arch is 60.0cm high, the distance between arches is 70.0cm, and the length of each seedbed is 7.5m. The agricultural film surrounding the solid arch shed keeps heat and moisturizes.

(6) Seedling stage management

After the grafted seedlings are planted, observe the nursery at intervals of 2-3 days to prevent pests and diseases. After 45 days of planting, open both ends of the plastic film shed on a cloudy day or in the evening, remove the plastic film after 3-4 days, remove all the weeds on the seedbed, and use small scissors to cut off the sprouts along the sprouting base of the grafted living plants. Then spray the seedbed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times or 50% carbendazim 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times or 80% mancozeb 1000 times, with an interval of 7-10 days 1 time, spray 5-6 times in a row, the agent used each time should not be the same type, and should be used interchangeably. Spray foliar fertilizer once 3-4 days after each spraying, and 0.7% foliar fertilizer can be used Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O)] liquid or Lufen 2 No. 800 times liquid or 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% Boron fertilizer solution.

After 60-70 days of planting, water and fertilizer should be applied after loosening the soil, weeding, and germination. The water and fertilizer should be 0.5-1.0% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% %(K ₂ O)] solution, once every 10-15 days, and increase the amount of fertilizer as the seedling age increases.

From August to October 2012, water in time to keep the seedbed moist and promote the growth of seedlings.

(7) Seedling transplantation

From early October to early November 2012, transplant the seedlings with soil into the spare nutrition cup. The specifications of the nutrition cup are: height 16cm, diameter 15cm, nutrient soil adopts slightly acidic loose sandy loam with a pH value of 5.5-6.5, and 15% decomposed pig manure is used in the nutrient soil. After transplanting into nutrition cups, put the cups on a 1.2m wide border, put 8 cups in each row, each row is 7.5m long, and the trail is 40cm. After arranging the nutrition cups in a row, pour them with clean water in time and wait for 20-30 minutes After the leaves are slightly dry, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, make an arch shed with agricultural film, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 75%.

In mid-February 2013, the plastic film shed was removed, and the shading net was gradually opened to increase the light, so that the seedlings began to grow normally.

Fertilize once after an interval of 15 days. From March to July 2013 is the growth period of seedlings. Water fertilizer is applied in sunny days, and granular fertilizer is applied in rainy days. The type of fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer [specifications: 15% (N), 15% (P ₂ O ₅ ), 15% (K ₂ O)] mainly. In the dry season from August to October, water once every 2-3 days to keep the soil in the nutrition cup moist.

From mid-May to mid-September 2013, watering was strengthened, and awnings were set up for shade. The height of the awnings was 2.0m, and the shading degree was 65%.

(8) Seedlings out of the nursery

After 2 years of cultivation, the grafted seedlings of golden camellia nutrition cups with a height of more than 45cm and a diameter of 0.4-0.5cm thick (1.0cm above the grafting interface) are qualified seedlings that can be used for afforestation.

Wherein, the graft survival rate of the present embodiment is 95%, and the nursery stock preservation rate is 85%.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (5)

1. a propagation method of Camellia japonica bud seedling stock grafting, is characterized in that, comprises: (1) Stock seedling cultivation 1. Seed selection: pick mature Vietnamese Camellia oleifera fruit, put it in a cool and ventilated place after 1-2 days of sun exposure, and take out the seeds after the fruit cracks; 2. Seed storage and germination: The seeds are stored and germinated in clean river sand, and thick seedlings for grafting are cultivated; (2) Nursery site selection and site preparation Choose a location with convenient transportation, sunny and leeward, the soil depth is more than 50cm, and the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5. Deep plowing was carried out by 25cm from mid-November to late December of the previous year, and the second soil preparation was carried out in mid-February of the following year. Dig 20cm deep, apply base fertilizer, plow deeply, then sprinkle 8kg of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 2% per mu, and cover with agricultural film for later use; (3) Shade shed Set up a shade shed on the nursery ground, with a height of 1.8-2.0m, covered with a sunshade net, with a shading degree of 75%, covering all sides of the shade shed; (4) Grafting 1. Grafting time: mid-April to mid-May; 2. Scion selection and storage: In the middle and upper part of the canopy of the mother tree of Camellia chrysanthemum, select the autumn shoots with full axillary buds of the previous year, and the branches with a diameter of 0.25-0.30cm are used as scions; 3. Selection and treatment of stock seedlings: select stock seedlings with a diameter of 0.25-0.35 cm as stock buds, wash the stock buds with clean water to remove river sand, then soak them in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 10 seconds, remove Take out and filter to dry, and at the same time cover the anvil bud with a wet towel to moisturize, set aside; 4. Grafting operation (1) Cut the scion: each scion is 2.0cm long, one spike and one leaf, cut off 1/2 of each leaf, cut off at 0.30cm from the upper end of the flat axillary bud, keep 1.6cm long at the lower end, cut the scion at 0.30cm below the bud The lower knives on both sides are inclined downward at an angle of 15°, and cut into a wedge-shaped scion with a 1.30cm long incision and a 30°tip; (2) Cut the rootstock: use the stock bud as the rootstock, cut off the stem tip at 1.50-2.50cm above the seed of the sprout, cut off the root at 4.0-5.0cm below the seed of the sprout, and then cut down the center of the stem above the seedling along the pith The heart is split open, the opening length is 1.2-1.3cm; (3) Joining: After the rootstock is opened, insert the cut wedge-shaped scion straight into the opening, and wrap it with a special aluminum skin for grafting with a length of 3.8 cm and a width of 1.0 cm; (5) Colonization After grafting, plant in the nursery within 30 minutes, and plant at a plant spacing of 4.0 cm and a row spacing of 7.5 cm. After planting a border, drench the seedbed with clean water. After 20-30 minutes, when the leaves do not see water, use 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid spray, and then make a heat preservation shed on the seedbed; (6) Seedling stage management Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, timely remove the plastic film, weeding, removing germination, spraying pesticides, applying foliar fertilizer, loosening soil, topdressing, and watering in time; (7) Seedling transplantation From the first ten days of October to the first ten days of November, after the golden camellia seedlings are grafted and survived, they are transplanted into nutrient cups for cultivation, and the cups are placed in a 1.2m wide border, with 8 cups per row, each border is 7.5m long, and the trail is 40cm. After making a nutrient cup, pour it with clean water in time. After 20-30 minutes, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, then make an agricultural film shed, and set up a shade shed with a shading degree of 75%. The height is 1.8-2.0m, and the surrounding area of the awning is airtight and sunny; In mid-February of the following year, remove the plastic film arch shed, and apply fertilizer once every 15 days; (8) Seedlings out of the nursery Seedlings with a height of more than 45cm and a diameter of 0.4-0.5cm in diameter are grafted seedlings of golden camellia nutritional cups, which are qualified seedlings out of the nursery. 2. propagation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in nursery ground selection and soil preparation, described applying base manure is that every mu of nursery ground applies solid granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30kg and superphosphate 50kg, and described The specifications of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are: 15% N, 15% P ₂ O ₅ , 15% K ₂ O. 3. The propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the seedling stage management, the spraying refers to 500 times liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl or 500 times liquid of 50% carbendazim or 75% carbendazim. Spray the seedbed with 800 times of bacteria clear liquid, once every 7-10 days, and spray 5-6 times in a row. Spray foliar fertilizer 1 time after the 3-4 day, described foliar fertilizer is the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid of 0.7%, No. 800 times liquid of Lvfen 2, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% boron fertilizer One of the mixtures. 4. The propagation method according to claim 3 _, characterized in that, the specification of the 0.7% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid is: containing 15% N, 15% _P2O5 , 15% _K2O . 5. The propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the transplanting of seedlings, the specifications of the nutrition cup: high 16.0cm, diameter 15.0cm, the slightly acidic loose sandy soil with a pH value of 5.5-6.5 Loam soil, with 15% decomposed pig manure in the nutrient soil.