CN108450218A - A kind of seedling breeding method of oil tea - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of seedling breeding methods of oil tea, including management after preparation culture substrate, nursery seed treatment, nursery lot preparation, scion selection, grafting, transplanted seedling tree, erection cool canopy and plantation, the present invention provides a kind of seedling breeding methods of simple, convenient easy oil tea, nursery lot need not be replaced, and local resources are taken full advantage of to prepare culture substrate, greatly reduce seedling cost；Nursery continuous cropping obstacle is overcome, nursery utilization rate is improved；Growing-seedling period is shortened, conventional oil-tea camellia nursery generally requires 23 years, and using this technology, national oil tea afforestation seedling standard is fully achieved in current year non-hibernating eggs seedling；Seedling quality and outplanting rate are improved, graft survival rate is 95% or more, and for outplanting rate 90% or more, economic benefit is apparent；Management is convenient, saves labor, and this technology need not build the facilities such as greenhouse, and management is easy, reduce administration fee.

Description

A kind of seedling breeding method of camellia oleifera

technical field

The invention relates to a seedling breeding method of camellia oleifera, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting.

Background technique

Camellia oleifera Abel is a small tree species of the genus Camellia in the family Theaceae. It is an edible woody oil tree species that is a specialty of our country, and camellia oil is an edible vegetable oil that is required to be vigorously developed in the "Outline of China's Food Structure Reform and Development Plan" promulgated by the state. Camellia oleifera can also produce high-grade health edible oil and high-grade natural skin care cosmetics through deep processing of oil. The by-product of camellia oil, tea dry cake, can extract tea saponin, make planed powder and compound feed, and tea shell can extract furfural, tanning materials and Activated carbon, etc., can also greatly improve the economic benefits of Camellia oleifera through comprehensive utilization.

At present, bud seedling anvil grafting technology is commonly used in the breeding of camellia oleifera seedlings, but there are serious continuous cropping obstacles in the nursery and low seedling rate in the traditional cultivation of camellia oleifera seedlings, which requires constant replacement of the nursery, resulting in a large amount of idle land. Land resources are wasted; and the grafted seedlings grow slowly in the same year, the growth quality of the raw seedlings in the year is poor, the rate of emergence from the nursery is low, and the seedling cycle is long, generally needing more than two years.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiency of Camellia oleifera seedling breeding technology in the prior art, provide a kind of seedling breeding method of Camellia oleifera, this method does not need to change the nursery field, the survival rate of seedling raising is high, the growth quality of seedlings is good, the nursery emergence rate is high, Moreover, the seedling raising period is shortened, and the seedling raising cost is reduced.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A seedling propagation method of camellia oleifera, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of culture substrate: take the following components by weight: 45-55 parts of yellow heart soil, 30-40 parts of peat soil, 3-9 parts of perlite, 3-9 parts of sawdust, 3-9 parts of plant ash, after grinding Crushed and sieved, fully mixed, and sterilized with carbendazim to obtain a culture medium for later use;

(3) Seed treatment for seedling cultivation: select the seeds of ordinary Camellia oleifera, pick them before and after the Frost's Descent Festival, and then dry them in the sun and then remove the tea seeds. Store after soaking in the solution for 10-30 minutes. In the first ten days of May, when the buds and anvils grow well, they can be grafted;

(3) Nursery site preparation: Choose an area with convenient transportation, water sources, and good drainage to make a nursery site, open side ditches, middle ditches, and walkways, and prepare seedbeds. Seedbed specifications: bed width 1-1.5m, length Over 16m, bed height 15-25cm, walkway ditch width 35-45cm, middle ditch and side ditch depth 35-45cm;

(4) scion selection: select the young shoots of the semi-lignified degree that are thick, axillary buds full and free of disease and insect damage in the middle and upper part of the crown of the mother tree as the scion, and graft in time after harvesting;

(5) Grafting: After the first ten days of May, adopt the grafting technique of bud seedling anvil to carry out grafting. After the grafting is completed, put the camellia seedlings in the shade for planting, and cover them with a damp cloth to avoid sunlight;

(6) Seedling planting: From late April to early May, select the culture substrate of step (1) in the non-woven container cup filling step, and then arrange the container cups filled with the culture substrate neatly in the nursery. Fill it with soil, pour water thoroughly to make the culture medium in the container cup heavy, insert a small hole 6-9cm deep in the container cup with a bamboo stick, then plant the grafted Camellia oleifera seedlings into the cup, and return to the soil towards the seedlings , and then pour water thoroughly, and cover the small shed with film;

(7) Set up shade sheds: set up shade sheds in the nursery where the grafted seedlings of camellia oleifera are planted, the height of the shade sheds: 1.8-2.0m, the distance between the sheds: 3-5m. and fasten;

(8) Post-planting management: the grafted seedlings stay in the film for 35 to 45 days, subject to 10% pumping, topdressing is carried out after the film is removed, and the topdressing time is from July to October, once every half a month, and implemented by spraying on the leaves , while spraying 2% carbendazim aqueous solution and 0.05% auxin aqueous solution containing active ingredients every month; weeding in time.

Further, in step (1), the culture substrate preferably includes the following components by weight: 50 parts of yellow core soil, 35 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of perlite, 5 parts of wood chips, and 5 parts of plant ash.

Further, in the step (2), the mode of seed storage is: select a higher terrain, clean, flat, well-drained site, use bricks to build a germination bed with a width of 0.9-1.2m and a height of 30-40cm, and sprinkle it on the ground first. A little water, then spread a layer of 8-12cm wet sand, then spread a layer of seeds, and then cover with 15-20cm thick wet river sand, spray the sand bed with clean water to keep it moist.

Further, in step (5), the grafting process is as follows:

Picking up the anvil: Gently lift up the anvil seedlings by hand, and then rinse the sand on the anvil seedlings with clean water, and do not touch off the seeds on the anvil seedlings or break the roots;

Ear cutting: select the full axillary buds or terminal buds on the spikes, cut them into two slopes at the lower 0.5cm of both sides of the axillary buds, cut them into two slopes, the length of the cut surface is 0.8-1.0cm, and cut off at the upper part of the bud tip 0.1-0.2cm , it becomes a scion, half of the leaves on the scion are cut off, and the cut scion is placed in a basin filled with clear water;

Cutting the anvil: Cut off at 2-3cm above the petiole of the anvil seedling, align the central axis and cut a knife, the depth of the incision is 1.0-1.2cm, keep the root of the anvil seedling 5-6cm, and cut off the excess part;

Cuttings and wrapping: According to the thickness of the bud stock, insert the scion into the incision of the root stock, wrap it gently with an aluminum sheet and pinch it tightly, and the grafting is completed.

Further, in the step (8), the ratio of the fertilizer applied for the topdressing is N ₂ : K ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1:1:1, and it is prepared as a 0.4-0.5% aqueous solution.

Further, in step (8), during the growth of grafted seedlings, the ambient temperature is controlled below 35°C, the soil is kept moist all the time, and the air humidity is kept at 80%. In the early stage of seedling growth, the light conditions are strictly controlled, and the light transmittance is 30-35%. , as the seedlings grow and the light intensity decreases, after the first ten days of September, gradually increase the amount of light transmission, and after mid-October, full light.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: provide a simple, convenient and easy-to-operate Camellia oleifera seedling breeding method, do not need to replace the nursery field, and make full use of local resources to prepare the culture medium, greatly reducing the cost of seedling cultivation; overcome the continuous cropping of seedling cultivation Obstacles, improved nursery utilization rate; shortened seedling cultivation cycle, traditional Camellia oleifera seedlings generally need 2-3 years, using this technology, the current seedlings fully meet the national Camellia oleifera afforestation seedlings; improved seedling quality and nursery rate, grafting The survival rate is more than 95%, the rate of emergence is more than 90%, and the economic benefits are obvious; the management is convenient, labor and labor are saved, and the technology does not need to build greenhouses and other facilities, and the management is simple and the management cost is reduced.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example 1

In 2016, it was carried out in the seedling breeding base of Changzhuyuan Township, Shangcheng County, Henan Province. The varieties of grafted seedlings were Changlin No. 3, No. 4, No. 18, No. 40 and No. 53. The method was as follows:

A seedling propagation method of camellia oleifera, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of culture substrate: take the following components by weight: 50 parts of yellow heart soil, 35 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of perlite, 5 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of plant ash, crushed and sieved, after fully mixing, use Carbendazim is sterilized to obtain the culture substrate for subsequent use;

(2 Treatment of seedlings: select common Camellia oleifera seeds, pick them before and after the Frost's Descent Festival, and then dry them in the sun and then remove the tea seeds. Choose large and full seeds without pests and diseases as rootstocks to ensure the germination rate of the seeds and rootstocks. The robustness; soak the seeds in 400mg/kg potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, and then store them. In the first ten days of May, when the bud anvil seedlings grow well, they can be grafted;

The method of seed storage is: choose a high-lying, clean, flat, and well-drained site, use bricks to build a germination bed with a width of 1m and a height of 35cm, first sprinkle a little water on the ground, then spread a layer of 10cm wet sand, and then put A layer of seeds, and then cover with 15cm thick wet river sand to prevent the seeds from drying out and losing water. In early and mid-March, spray the sand bed with clean water to keep it moist. When the humidity is not enough, spray water in time. It can be done in early May To graft.

(3) Nursery site preparation: Choose an area with convenient transportation, water sources, and good drainage to make a nursery site, open side ditches, middle ditches, and walkways, and prepare seedbeds. Seedbed specifications: bed width 1.2m, length no more than 16m, bed height 20cm, trail ditch width 40cm, middle ditch and side ditch depth 40cm.

(4) Scion selection: The scion should be selected in the scion picking nursery to select the new shoots of the middle and upper part of the crown of the mother tree that are thick, full of axillary buds, and semi-lignified without damage by diseases and insect pests, and grafted in time after harvest.

(5) Grafting: After the first ten days of May, adopt the grafting technique of bud seedling anvil to carry out grafting. After the grafting is completed, put the camellia seedlings in the shade for planting, and cover them with a damp cloth to avoid sunlight;

The grafting process is as follows:

Picking up the anvil: Gently lift up the anvil seedlings by hand, and then rinse the sand on the anvil seedlings with clean water, and do not touch off the seeds on the anvil seedlings or break the roots;

Ear cutting: select the full axillary buds or terminal buds on the spikes, cut them into two slopes at the lower 0.5cm of both sides of the axillary buds, cut them into two slopes, the length of the cut surface is 0.8-1.0cm, and cut off at the upper part of the bud tip 0.1-0.2cm , it becomes a scion, half of the leaves on the scion are cut off, and the cut scion is placed in a basin filled with clear water;

Cutting the anvil: Cut off at 2-3cm above the petiole of the anvil seedling, align the central axis and cut a knife, the depth of the incision is 1.0-1.2cm, keep the root of the anvil seedling 5-6cm, and cut off the excess part;

Cuttings and wrapping: According to the thickness of the bud stock, insert the scion into the incision of the root stock, wrap it gently with an aluminum sheet and pinch it tightly, and the grafting is completed.

(6) Seedling planting: From late April to early May, select a non-woven container cup with a specification of 6cm×10cm to fill the culture medium of step (1), and then place the container cup filled with the culture medium in the nursery Neatly, fill the space between the container cups with soil, water thoroughly to make the culture medium in the container cup heavy, insert a small hole 8cm deep with a bamboo stick in the nutrition cup, and then plant the grafted Camellia oleifera seedlings into the cup, and place the seedlings in the cup. Return to the soil in the direction of the soil, then pour water thoroughly, and cover the small arch shed with film (the method of covering the film: first use bamboo pieces to support the bow diameter of the shed every 1m, then cover the agricultural film, and then press the surrounding area with soil to prevent air convection);

(7) set up shade shed: set up shade shed at the nursery ground of planting camellia oleifera grafted seedlings, shade shed height: 1.8m, shed plant spacing: 4m, shed surface is drawn horizontally with iron wire as diameter, covers sunshade net again, and fastens;

(8) Management after planting: the time for grafted seedlings to stay in the film is 40 days (subject to 10% pumping). Once every half month, it is implemented by spraying on the leaves (the fertilizer ratio of topdressing is N ₂ : K ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O=1:1:1, made into 0.4-0.5% aqueous solution), and every Monthly spray 2% carbendazim aqueous solution and 0.05% auxin aqueous solution containing active ingredients; weeding in time, and pruning, cutting off the sprouting strips, erasing flower buds, leaving bed seedlings, and picking the top at a seedling height of 30cm in the second year to promote branch;

During the growth of grafted seedlings, the ambient temperature is controlled below 35°C, the soil is always kept moist, and the air humidity is kept at 80%. In the early stage of seedling growth, light conditions are strictly controlled, and the light transmittance is 30%. As the seedlings grow and the light intensity decreases, After the first ten days of September, gradually increase the amount of light transmission. After mid-October, it will be fully illuminated. In autumn and winter, in order to prevent the impact of the first frost, it can be covered with sunshade nets.

The seedling raising result of present embodiment is counted, and the results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1

Changlin 3 Changlin 4 Changlin No. 18 Changlin No. 40 No. 53 Changlin Seedling height cm 16.89 18.64 18.32 18.29 15.43 Diameter cm 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 Survival rate of grafted seedlings% 97.37 96.82 95.36 96.71 96.23 Nursery rate% 92.23 93.41 92.12 93.65 91.21

It can be seen from Table 1 that the seedling height of raw camellia oleifera seedlings was more than 15cm, and the ground diameter was more than 0.25cm, and the difference was not significant.

Example 2

In 2017, it was implemented in the seedling breeding base of Wenshu Township, Guangshan County, Henan Province. The grafted seedling varieties were Changlin No. 3, No. 4, No. 18, No. 40 and No. 53. Two years later, measurements were made at the end of December of that year, and the survey found that: the height of the raw Camellia oleifera seedlings was more than 18cm, the ground diameter was more than 2.5cm, and the difference was not significant, the grafting rate was more than 95%, and the emergence rate was more than 90%. The effect is very obvious.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of seedling breeding method of oil tea, which is characterized in that include the following steps：

(1) culture substrate is prepared：Following component is weighed by weight：45-55 parts of yellow soils, 35-45 parts of peat soils, 3-9 parts precious Zhu Yan, 3-9 parts of sawdusts, 3-9 parts of plant ash after fully mixing thoroughly, are carried out disinfection processing with carbendazim, are trained through pulverizing sieving Matrix is supported, it is spare；

(2) nursery seed treatment：The seed for selecting C. olelfera deviates from tea in the Frost's Descent front and back picking after drying in the shade again after solarization Seed selects big full, no disease and pests harm the seed of grain and does anvil kind, carried out after seed is impregnated 10~30min with liquor potassic permanganate Storage, the first tenday period of a month in May, bud anvil seedling are grown, you can are grafted；

(3) nursery lot prepares：Selection traffic convenience has a water source, well-drained location with doing Seedlings nursery, hold successfully gutter, middle ditch, Pavement performs seedbed, seedbed specification：1~1.5m of bedside grows and is no more than 16m, 15~25cm of the height of bed, and pavement furrow width 35~ 45cm, the deep 35~45cm of middle ditch, gutter；

(4) scion selects：It selects in elite stand tree crown periphery, that top current year is raw is sturdy, the full no disease and pests harm of axillary bud half wooden The young sprout of change degree is as fringe bar, grafting in time after adopting；

(5) it grafts：After the first tenday period of a month in May, grafted using Nurse seed grafting technology, after the completion of grafting, the oil tea seedling that will connect Frescade is placed in case plant, is used in combination wet cloth to cover, avoids solar radiation；

(6) transplanted seedling tree：In the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, non-woven container cup is selected to fill out the culture substrate of step (1), then The container cup that will be filled with culture substrate is put neatly in nursery lot, and gap is tamped with soil between container cup, and sprinkling profoundly water makes in container cup Culture substrate it is heavy real, the vesicle of 6~9cm depth is inserted with bamboo stick in container cup, then the oil tea seedling grafted is planted into cup In, soil is returned to the direction of seedling, is then sprinkled profoundly water, Small plastic shed overlay film；

(7) cool canopy is set up：Cool canopy is set up in the nursery lot of plant oil tea grafting, cool canopy is high：1.8~2.0m, canopy strain spacing：3 ~5m, diameter is made in iron wire horizontal drawing in canopy face, then covers sunshade net, and tightens；

(8) it is managed after planting：Time of the grafting in film is 35~45d, takes out slightly standard with 10%, top dressing is carried out after taking off film, Dressing time is 7~October, primary per half a month, is implemented in a manner of foliage spray, while monthly spraying the bacterium more than 2% containing active ingredient Lingshui Spring solution and 0.05% auxin aqueous solution；Timely weeding.

2. the seedling breeding method of oil tea as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the culture substrate packet Include the component of following parts by weight：50 parts of yellow soils, 35 parts of peat soils, 5 parts of perlites, 5 parts of sawdusts, 5 parts of plant ash.

3. the seedling breeding method of oil tea as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the mode of the storage of seeds It is：Higher, clean, smooth, the well-drained place of topography is selected, with brick wide 0.9~1.2m, the vernalization of high 30~40cm Bed first spills little water, repaves the wet sand of one layer of 8~12cm on the ground, then spreads one layer of seed, then covers 15~20cm thickness Wet river sand sprays saturating sand bed with clear water, keeps moistening.

4. the seedling breeding method of oil tea as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), the grafting procedures are such as Under：

Play anvil：Gently play bud anvil seedling with hand, then washed down the sand on bud anvil seedling with clear water, cannot touch off seed on anvil seedling and Touch the portion of being completely cured；

Cut fringe：Axillary-bud or top-bud full in fringe bar is selected, is cut at the lower part 0.5cm of axillary bud both sides, is whittled into two inclined-planes, Bevel grows 0.8~1.0cm, then is cut off at bud point 0.1~0.2cm of top, becomes a scion, the blade in scion reams one Half, the scion cut is placed in the basin equipped with clear water；

Cut anvil：It is cut off at 2~3cm on anvil young plant petiole, a knife, the deep 1.0~1.2cm of notch, anvil seedling root is cut to quasi-middle shaft Portion retains 5~6cm, and extra part is cut off；

Cuttings and wrapping：According to bud anvil thickness, scion is inserted into the notch of stock, is gently wound and clutched with aluminium flake, that is, completed Grafting.

5. the seedling breeding method of oil tea as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (8), what the top dressing was applied Fertilizer ratio is N₂：K₂O₅：K₂O=1：1：1, it is made into 0.4~0.5% aqueous solution.

6. such as the seedling breeding method of oil tea described in any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that in step (8), grafting Seedling growth period, at 35 DEG C hereinafter, soil remains that moistening, air humidity are maintained at 80%, seedling gives birth to for environment temperature control Strictly control illumination condition long early period, light transmittance is 30~35%, as growth of seedling and intensity of illumination decline, to early September After, it is stepped up light transmission capacity, after mid-October, full exposure.