CN108522121A - A kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima - Google Patents
A kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the simple reproduction technologies that a kind of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafts Camellia nitidissima, include the following steps：The cultivation of S1 stocks, the cultivation of S2 grafting-trees, S3 graftings, S4 managing after grafting steps, wherein S3 grafts step as the processing of (1) stock；(2) scion acquisition and processing；(3) scion and stock grafting：It is not exclusively opposite that scion is whittled into two inclined-planes, it is at an angle, form slightly thick on one side, slightly thin wedge shape on one side；Stock is splayed into as deep as xylem, the notch of long 1.5~2cm, notch section is about in " 7 " font；Stock section is inserted into scion makes stock and the forming layer of scion also just be mutually aligned；With hormone bacteriostatic solution, scion and grafting interface are uniformly sprayed on until scion leaf, branch and graft union uniformly adhere to solution；It takes special grafting transparent plastic film to tighten and completes grafting.The graft technology survival rate of the present invention is high, and tree body is molded faster, easy to operate, at low cost, efficient, and grafting is not subject to seasonal restrictions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant graft seedling-raising technique fields, and in particular to a kind of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima it is simple numerous
Plantation technology.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima is the general designation of Theaceae Camellia Camellia Section Chrysantha, is congener with camellia, oil tea, tea plum etc.,
Its flower morphological appearance, petal are in faint yellow to golden yellow, and some petals are sparkling and crystal-clear and glossy also by wax, there is translucent sense.
By the praise and appreciation of people, undisputed is " treasure " in gardens for U.S. of Camellia nitidissima.Moreover, Camellia nitidissima also has very
High scientific research and value of exploiting and utilizing.Camellia nitidissima contains unique chloroaniline because being that gardening man cultivates yellow camellia new product
The indispensable germ plasm resource of kind；There are many trace elements of human body indispensability by the Hua Zhonghan of Camellia nitidissima, for making jasmine tea, have very
High economic value.Camellia nitidissima is a kind of Guangxi characteristic with very high ornamental value, scientific research value and economic development value
Flower plant.
Grafting is a kind of conventional means of Camellia nitidissima vegetative propagation, and the mode of current golden flower tea Engraftments mainly has sprout stock
It connects, cleft grafting, draws bark graft, is abutted against, means are varied, and different engrafting methods all has some disadvantages, for example, sprout stock connects
Using the tender plumule of children as stock, it is suitable for large-scale production golden flower tea Engraftment seedling, but by stock size and season limit, and graft
Slowly effect afterwards；Cleft grafting draws bark graft method that can graft larger stock, but the anvil that break in advance, and wound is big, easily causes stock death,
And the bud quantity connect is few, and tree body molding is slower, needs bagging moisturizing to shade, virtually increases cost；Inarching method operation is multiple
Miscellaneous, efficiency is low.Mould proof fungi-proofing improper easy infection mould in grafting procedures keeps generation at graft union mouldy, and grafting is not easy to survive.
The grafting method for innovating Camellia nitidissima, to improve current grafting gimmick insufficient, abundant Camellia nitidissima mating system and
Reduce cost, raising breeding efficiency has certain meaning.
Invention content
The present invention overcomes above-mentioned sprout stocks to connect easily by stock size and season limit, slowly effect after grafting, and cleft grafting, drawing
Bark graft method will break anvil in advance, and wound is big, easily cause stock death, and graftable bud number is few, and tree body molding is relatively slow, bagging is needed to protect
Wet shading, easily mouldy etc. technical problems of of high cost, complicated for operation, graft union provide a kind of easy to operate, at low cost, breeding effect
The simple reproduction technology of the high Camellia nitidissima of rate.
To achieve the purpose of the present invention, it adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima, including the cultivations of S1 stocks, the training of S2 grafting-trees
Educate, S3 graftings, S4 managing after grafting, S3 grafting includes the following steps：
(1) stock is handled：Growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm stock, retains trunk and a small amount of branches and leaves in top, remaining side
Branch is all wiped out, with clean towel by stem sample site wiped clean；
(2) scion acquisition and processing：The branch to annual semi-lignified positioned at tree crown periphery middle and upper part half a year is selected,
Away from cutting branch at 8~12cm of top；The branch is healthy and strong, bud eye is full, panel length is moderate and no disease and pests harm；Each branch
It is cut away from places 1.5~2cm below axillary bud, away from the places 0.3~0.5cm above axillary bud, the blade of reservation 1/2~1/3, one leaf one of formation
The scion of bud；Scion is completely soaked and impregnates 3~5min disinfections in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 500~1000 times of liquid,
Pick up drain away the water it is spare；
(3) scion and stock grafting：
A, scion is cut：Holding knife makes the edge of a knife and scion be in 20 °~25 ° angles, from cutting a length 1 under scion axillary bud at 0.3~0.5cm
The inclined-planes~1.5cm, another side is overturn by fringe bar, and an inclined-plane is cut with same method；Described two inclined-planes are not exclusively opposite, are in one
Angle forms slightly thick on one side, the slightly thin wedge shape in one side；A knife is required to be molded when cutting inclined-plane, inclined-plane wants smooth, phozy；
B, stock is cut：Smooth position at one is selected on stock trunk, holding knife makes the edge of a knife with tree body in 10 °~15 ° angles, downwards
It splays, is formed as deep as xylem, the notch of long 1.5~2cm, then it is crosscutting at 0.2~0.5cm of notch top with knife, in removing
Face part；The notch section about be in " 7 " font, section on one side can open, cut scion, notch be required to be smooth it is smooth, no
Fluffing；
C, it grafts：Stock section is inserted into scion, the thin one side of scion is inserted into stock inboard until another side and stock
Bark alignment, stock and the forming layer of scion are also just mutually aligned at this time；
D, hormone and antibacterial processing:With the good hormone bacteriostatic solution of configured in advance, it is uniformly sprayed on scion and grafting interface,
Uniformly adhere to solution to scion leaf, branch and graft union；The hormone bacteriostatic solution contains the ingredient of following concentration：
10~50g/L of IBA0.28g/L and bacteriostatic agent；
E, special grafting transparent plastic film is taken, stock and scion junction are wound into several circles, keeps scion and stock solid
Fixed immovable, reinflated film is up wound, and the bud of scion and blade are all covered a circle, prick grafting membrane on top
Tightly, that is, the grafting of a scion is completed；Wherein, 4~5 scion can be grafted on same stock, the scion of bottom on stock
Ground height is not less than 15cm.
Wherein, in S3 graftings, the stock is used using Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed as stock seed, and Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed is broadcast
Kind, it is 80~100cm to cultivate to height of seedling, and xeromenia is the stock of 0.8~1cm.
3, the simple reproduction technology of a kind of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The S1 stocks cultivation includes the following steps：
A, it selects to garden：Selection has a good transport service, topography is gentle, and loosing soil, fertile, irrigation and drainage are good, the loam of subacidity
Or sandy loam；
B, seedbed arranges：Smooth nursery plot divides furrow to form the wide 1.0~1.5m of every furrow, wide 25~35cm between furrow, between furrow
Form the depth gutters 15cm；Seedling builds high 1.8~2.5m shades on the ground, and the shade density of the shade is 70%~85%；
C, stock seed selects：Selection grain is big, full, nothing is gone mouldy, the Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed without insect pest is as stock seed；
The Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is harvested in annual mid or late November, and the fruit of harvesting is placed in ventilating and cooling place, and two weeks or so fruits are naturally dry
It splits, peels off pericarp and take out seed；
D, seed treatment：Use mass percentage for 0.3%~0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection seed 5
~10min picks up the seed of heavy water, is cleaned with clear water, ventilation is dried, and dehydration of being exposed to the sun is made sure to keep in mind；
E, presprouting of seeds：Wide 1.0~1.5m is got out, high 12~18cm sand basins are put down the seed dried with sand storage vernalization
It being laid in sand basin, seed is put cannot be overstocked, avoids being stacked with, and covers the thick sand of 3~5cm above, film is covered after water of drenching,
And keep humidity 80%~85%；Wait for that germination, radicle are sowed when growing to 0.5~1cm；
F, it sows：It opens depth on seedbed to sow for 8~10cm seed furrows, seed furrow 20~30cm of line-spacing, strain in seed furrow
Away from for 18~25cm；Seed base-root is downward when sowing, is after planting uniformly covered with the soil that thickness is 2~3cm, and water drenching simultaneously keeps soil
Earth moistens；
G, seedling management：
For Germination period it is noted that keeping ground moistening, prevention drought and water shortage causes seedling development bad；
After seedling enters leaf stretching period, monthly 0.1% composite fertilizers of Lin Shi 1~2 time, can spray if any disease every 7~10 days
25% 500~1000 times of carbendazol wettable powder, continuously sprays 3 times；
Tender slightly growth period sprays 1000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid, 4000 times of liquid and 2% avermectin every 10~15d, even
It is continuous to spray 3 times；
It waits for that oil tea length is supreme and is more than 80, when trunk diameter is more than 0.8cm, stock can be done for grafting.
Wherein, the incubation step of the S2 grafting-trees is：
A, cutting orchard is built：Selection of land gesture is gentle, loosing soil, fertile, pollution-free, the loam of subacidity or the ground of sandy loam
Block, by line space 3m × 3m, deep 0.8~1m has dug plantation hole, and table soil first backfills；It is by mass ratio with farm manure by deep soil
2:1 is spare after mixing；The shading net that shade density is 70%~85% is built above cutting orchard；The farm manure is by fertile soil
It is mixed with decomposed dung；
B, it is colonized elite stand：Select grow fine within 5 years or more, Camellia nitidissima plant that no disease and pests harm, kind are pure connects as providing
The Camellia nitidissima elite stand of fringe；Elite stand is vertically loaded into plantation hole together with soil ball, then with the earthen backfill prepared, and root is determined in water drenching；It is described fixed
The time for planting elite stand is annual September~November；
C, elite stand manages：After transplanting one month, it is 0.1% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution 1~2 time that monthly mass concentration is applied in leaching；
Adopt loosened the soil to elite stand after fringe, weeding, apply 0.5kg organic fertilizers and 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate per acre, while spraying growth hormone
1~2 time；Flower and bud are thinning out by the plant too many to flowers and fruits amount, visual Growth status situation, it is ensured that newly nutrient supply slightly.
Wherein, the step of S4 managing after grafting is：
A, water management：Water drenching amount is controlled after grafting, prevents excess moisture from macerating root；
B, film is taken off：When scion starts to sprout, if sprout is unable to bursting film, a hole is gently chosen out with toothpick, is made
Young shoot can smoothly stretch；
C, it unbinds：It sprouts in sprouting, after graft union healing, grafting membrane can be released；
D, truncation：Scion sprouting sprouts, and after there are 3~4 young leaves, is wiped out branches and leaves at the top of stock with secateurs.
Wherein, the bacteriostatic agent is made of the following raw material of mass parts：50~60 parts of pomelo peel pectin zymolyte, alginic acid
5~10 parts of salt, 10~17 parts of wood vinegar, 0.15~0.2 part of formic acid, 1~5 part of nisin.
Wherein, in the pomelo peel pectin zymolyte, the quality for the oligomer that relative molecular weight is 20000~30000
Percentage composition is 60~65%.
Wherein, the wood vinegar is prepared by the following method：By semen litchi, pepper, nutmeg, bamboo by quality it
Than being 5:3:1:10 are added in retort, and 3~5h is kept the temperature after being warming up to 250~300 DEG C and collects wood vinegar.
Using pomelo peel pectin zymolyte, for another example lower section method is prepared the present invention：After pomelo peel is beaten, use
The pH value that the hydrochloric acid of 0.5mol/L adjusts slurries is 1.5, keeps the temperature 2h after being heated to 85 DEG C, then with filtered through gauze, then is cooled to 45
Be added aluminum sulfate after DEG C, then adjust centrifugation after the pH value of solution is 5.2 with concentrated ammonia liquor, use mass ratio for：Second
Alcohol：Water：Hydrochloric acid=7：2：The solution replacement of l falls the metal ions such as ammonium, the aluminium in precipitation, until greyish black decoloration in precipitation, from
Heart precipitation and separation obtains pectin extraction object after repeatedly being washed with ethyl alcohol.It is 4 that mass ratio is added into pectin extraction object：6：10
Pectinesterase, pectin lyase, polygalacturonic enzyme multienzyme complex digest 50~60min at 30 DEG C and obtain the present invention
The pomelo peel pectin zymolyte of use.
Graft technology of the present invention, which applies also for setting greatly, changes hat grafting, according to the simple reproduction skill of Camellia nitidissima among the above
Art is grafted, but is different from golden flower tea Engraftment skill technologies, and the stock that big tree changes hat technology does not have to cultivate, directly in tree tree crown greatly,
Branch is directly whittled into the shape needed for grafting, then again by scion grafting and greatly on tree branch, the breeding method of grafting-trees
And the cultivation after grafting is identical as the simple reproduction technology of Camellia nitidissima.
In the cultivation of the oil tea stock of the present invention, small greenery can effectively be prevented using 10% imidacloprid and 2% avermectin
The insect pests such as cicada, aphid.
In the elite stand administrative skill scheme of the cultivation of the grafting-trees of the present invention, elite stand monthly uses matter after transplanting one month
A concentration of 0.1% composite fertilizer is measured to drench 1~2 time, adopt loosened the soil to elite stand after fringe, weeding, apply organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate, together
When spray growth hormone 1~2 time, can be new slightly growth savings nutrient next time, promotion is newly slightly sprouted.This elite stand administrative skill is mother
Tree provides sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer, and scion growing way is good.
The present invention is used as graft stock by cultivating Gaozhou oil-tea camellia, cultivates common var. longistyla as scion elite stand, adopts
With a kind of simple efficiently grafting method, Camellia nitidissima scion is grafted in Gaozhou oil-tea camellia, is quickly obtained Camellia nitidissima molding nursery stock.
The present invention is strong using Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed germination, sprouts strong, and growth is fast, and growth fraction C. olelfera grows rapid equal spies in seedling stage
Point cultivates seedling and does stock.It is good with Camellia nitidissima compatibility, and survival rate is high, sprouts fast and strong, well developed root system, after transplanting
Growth is rapid, is conducive to quickly form tree crown.The simple efficiently engrafting method of one kind that the present invention uses, make golden flower tea Engraftments not by
Season limit, grafting efficiency is high, at low cost, and grafting tree is body formed fast, is normally conserved after grafting 1~2 year, can be formed plant height 80~
100cm, 40~60cm of hat width are tree-like good, the big Camellia nitidissima grafting of the amount of blooming.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
(1) survival rate is high, and tree body is molded faster.This engrafting method plucks oil tea as stock using ground, grafting procedures not truncation, right
Stock damage is small, and stock is easy to restore, high graft survival rate, and the methods of cleft grafting, need to block, stock of riving, and is injured to tree body
Greatly, grafting is not easy to heal, and survival rate is not high, and the present invention substantially increases graft survival rate compared with the prior art；The present invention's
Scion is bonded more preferably with stock, is conducive to wound healing, is also conducive to scion and is sprouted, survival rate is up to 90% or more.
(2) present invention is more than 80cm using the height of stock, trunk diameter is more than the oil tea of 0.8cm, and every oil tea stock can connect
Several scion, tree body molding is fast after healing.And the engrafting methods such as sprout stock connects, cleft grafting, molding are slow.It is grafted with the method, 2
Month or so scion can sprout, after graft union tree body can rapid shaping, grafting current year is molded, and second year can bloom, greatly
Shorten grafting molding time greatly.
(2) easy to operate, it is at low cost, it is efficient.In existing graft technology, it is both needed to bagging moisturizing, grafting procedures technology
It is required that high, cumbersome, the method is time saving and energy saving due to eliminating bagging and shading link, reduces cost, efficient；Operation
Simply, a people can be rapidly completed, and experienced operator can budder 1000 or more daily.
(3) this engrafting method can be used for mass producing Camellia nitidissima grafting, it can also be used to which big tree changes hat grafting.
(4) shape and angle of graft survival rate and scion and stock have prodigious relationship, different angle and shape
Even if scion make when being grafted with stock scion and stock be tightly combined but if can influence plant tissue liquid in scion and stock
Between circulation, influence the loss of plant tissue liquid, and then influence the survival rate of grafting.The scion of the present invention and stock grafting
In, it is suitable with the shape and angle of cutting stock to cut scion, and scion and stock are tightly combined, and healing is high, compared to the method that flushes,
The graft technologies such as cleft graft, inarching method, survival rate are high.
(5) patent of the present invention is not subject to seasonal restrictions, and sprout stock in the prior art connects, in the methods of cleft grafting by temperature
It influences greatly, to be unfavorable for surviving higher than 30 DEG C or less than 15 DEG C, as long as the present invention has suitable scion and stock i.e. throughout the year
Grafting can be carried out, be not subject to seasonal restrictions.
(6) graft union easy infection bacterium and mould in grafting procedures, cause stock and scion mouldy, substantially reduce grafting
Survival rate.The mouldy mould of stock and scion is caused mainly to have trichoderma, mould, aspergillus, Mucor etc..The bacteriostatic agent of the present invention
In, pomelo peel pectin zymolyte has certain gelling and emulsification, pomelo peel pectin zymolyte predominantly oligomeric
Object, to Escherichia coli, golden yellow bacillus is flogged by Portugal, aspergillus niger has certain bacteriostasis, only there is certain antibacterial work to aspergillus
With scope of restraining fungi is small.Fungistatic effect can be improved with wood vinegar, nisin, formic acid cooperation in pomelo peel pectin zymolyte.And
Containing a small amount of auximone, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, organic acid in wood vinegar, while also containing
Have yttrium, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese, calcium, chromium, zinc, containing organic molecule, as organic acid, phenols, ketone,
Alcohols and esters etc..Wood vinegar can promote the division of plant cell to promote the growth of plant, and trace element is provided for plant, wherein
Organic molecule may also suppress the growth of mould, but since wood vinegar acidity is low, in hormone bacteriostatic solution, wood vinegar content
When excessively high, the acid-base imbalance of plant tissue liquid can be influenced, causes plant cell tissue's liquid nutrient imbalance, while being unfavorable for plant group
Circulation of the liquid between scion and stock is knitted, survival rate is reduced, when wood vinegar content is too low, to the fungistatic effect of trichoderma, mould
Difference, the present invention add suitable wood vinegar in proportion, coordinate good antimicrobial effect with nisin, formic acid.Nisin
Rhzomorph can effectively inhibit many gram-positive bacteriums, such as lactobacillus, leukonid, micrococcus, staphylococcus, Listeria
Growth and breeding；But its solubility in water is relatively low, and it is poor to the inhibition of bacterium, when coordinating with wood vinegar, formic acid,
It is greatly improved the solubility of nisin, improves fungistatic effect.Alginates are common thickener, emulsifier, stabilization
In agent, adhesive, sizing agent, with pectin zymolyte oligomer coordinate, improve the stability of bacteriostatic agent, can at graft union shape
At bacteriostatic film, good antimicrobial effect.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment and experiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is grafted in summer, and degree/day is 30~36 DEG C；
A kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima of the present embodiment includes the following steps：
The cultivation of S1 stocks：
A, it selects to garden：Selection has a good transport service, topography is gentle, and loosing soil, fertile, irrigation and drainage are good, the loam of subacidity
Or sandy loam；
B, seedbed arranges：Smooth nursery plot divides furrow to form the wide 1.5m of every furrow, wide 25cm between furrow, is formed between furrow deep
The gutters 15cm；Seedling builds high 2.5m shades on the ground, and the shade density of the shade is 70%；
C, stock seed selects：Selection grain is big, full, nothing is gone mouldy, the Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed without insect pest is as stock seed；
The Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is harvested in annual mid or late November, and the fruit of harvesting is placed in ventilating and cooling place, and two weeks or so fruits are naturally dry
It splits, peels off pericarp and take out seed；
D, seed treatment：It uses mass percentage for 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection seed 5min, will sink
The seed of water picks up, and is cleaned with clear water, ventilation is dried, and dehydration of being exposed to the sun is made sure to keep in mind；
E, presprouting of seeds：Wide 1.5m is got out, the seed dried is laid in sand basin by high 12cm sand basins with sand storage vernalization
On, seed is put cannot be overstocked, avoids being stacked with, and covers the thick sand of 5cm above, covers film after water of drenching, and keep humidity
80%；Wait for that germination, radicle are sowed when growing to 1cm；
F, it sows：It opens depth on seedbed to sow for 8cm seed furrows, seed furrow line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows is 18cm in seed furrow；
Seed base-root is downward when sowing, is after planting uniformly covered with the soil that thickness is 3cm, and water drenching simultaneously keeps ground moistening；
G, seedling management：
For Germination period it is noted that keeping ground moistening, prevention drought and water shortage causes seedling development bad；
After seedling enters leaf stretching period, monthly 0.1% composite fertilizers of Lin Shi 1 time, can spray every 10 days more than 25% if any disease
500 times of bacterium spirit wettable powder continuously sprays 3 times；
10% imidacloprid is diluted 4000 times of liquid, after 2% avermectin is diluted 1000 times by tender slightly growth period every 15d
Mixing sprays, and continuously sprays 3 times；
When waiting for oil tea length supreme 80cm, trunk diameter 1cm, stock can be done for grafting.
The cultivation of S2 grafting-trees：
A, cutting orchard is built：Selection of land gesture is gentle, loosing soil, fertile, pollution-free, the loam of subacidity or the ground of sandy loam
Block, by line space 3m × 3m, deep 0.8m has dug plantation hole, and table soil first backfills；It is 2 that deep soil and farm manure, which are pressed mass ratio,:1
It is spare after mixing；The shading net that shade density is 70%~85% is built above cutting orchard；The farm manure by fertile soil and
Decomposed dung is mixed；
B, it is colonized elite stand：Select grow fine within 5 years or more, Camellia nitidissima plant that no disease and pests harm, kind are pure connects as providing
The Camellia nitidissima elite stand of fringe；Elite stand is vertically loaded into plantation hole together with soil ball, then with the earthen backfill prepared, and root is determined in water drenching；It is described fixed
The time for planting elite stand is annual September~November；
C, elite stand manages：After transplanting one month, it is 0.1% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution 2 times that monthly mass concentration is applied in leaching；Adopting fringe
It is loosened the soil afterwards to elite stand, weeding, applies 0.5kg organic fertilizers and 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate per acre, while spraying growth hormone 1；
Flower and bud are thinning out by the plant too many to flowers and fruits amount, visual Growth status situation, it is ensured that newly nutrient supply slightly.
S3 is grafted：
(1) stock is handled：Growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm stock, retains trunk and a small amount of branches and leaves in top, remaining side
Branch is all wiped out, with clean towel by stem sample site wiped clean；
(2) scion acquisition and processing：The branch to annual semi-lignified positioned at tree crown periphery middle and upper part half a year is selected,
And away from cutting branch at the 12cm of top；The branch is healthy and strong, bud eye is full, panel length is moderate and no disease and pests harm；Each branch
Away from places 1.5cm below axillary bud, away from the places 0.5cm cutting above axillary bud, retain 1/2 blade, the scion of formation one leaf, one bud；It will connect
Fringe be completely soaked in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid impregnate 3min disinfection, pick up drain away the water it is spare；
(3) scion and stock grafting：
A, scion is cut：Holding knife makes the edge of a knife will from the long inclined-planes 1cm are cut under scion axillary bud at 0.5cm in 20 ° of angles with scion
Fringe bar overturns another side, and an inclined-plane is cut with same method；Described two inclined-planes are not exclusively opposite, at an angle, formed on one side
It is slightly thick, the slightly thin wedge shape in one side；A knife is required to be molded when cutting inclined-plane, inclined-plane wants smooth, phozy；
B, stock is cut：Smooth position at one is selected on stock trunk, holding knife makes the edge of a knife, in 15 ° of angles, splay downwards with tree body,
It is formed as deep as xylem, the notch of long 1.5cm, then, removing upper part crosscutting at the 0.5cm of notch top with knife；It is described to cut
Mouthful section is about in " 7 " font, and section can open on one side, cuts scion, notch be required to be smooth it is smooth, it is phozy；
C, it grafts：Stock section is inserted into scion, the thin one side of scion is inserted into stock inboard until another side and stock
Bark alignment, stock and the forming layer of scion are also just mutually aligned at this time；
D, hormone and antibacterial processing:With the good hormone bacteriostatic solution of configured in advance, it is uniformly sprayed on scion and grafting interface,
Uniformly adhere to solution to scion leaf, branch and graft union；The hormone bacteriostatic solution contains the ingredient of following concentration：
IBA0.28g/L and bacteriostatic agent 50g/L；The bacteriostatic agent is made of the following raw material of mass parts：Pomelo peel pectin zymolyte 50
Part, 10 parts of alginates, 10 parts of wood vinegar, 0.2 part of formic acid, 1 part of nisin, in the pomelo peel pectin zymolyte,
The mass percentage for the oligomer that relative molecular weight is 20000~30000 is 65%, and the wood vinegar is made by the following method
It is standby to obtain：It is 5 that semen litchi, pepper, nutmeg, bamboo, which are pressed mass ratio,:3:1:10 are added in retort, are warming up to 250 DEG C
Heat preservation 5h collects wood vinegar afterwards.
E, special grafting transparent plastic film is taken, stock and scion junction are wound into several circles, keeps scion and stock solid
Fixed immovable, reinflated film is up wound, and the bud of scion and blade are all covered a circle, prick grafting membrane on top
Tightly, that is, the grafting of a scion is completed；Wherein, 4 scion can be grafted on same stock, the scion of bottom is away from ground on stock
Identity distance is from 15cm.
S4 managing after grafting：
A, water management：Water drenching amount is controlled after grafting, prevents excess moisture from macerating root；
B, film is taken off：When scion starts to sprout, if sprout is unable to bursting film, a hole is gently chosen out with toothpick, is made
Young shoot can smoothly stretch；
C, it unbinds：It sprouts in sprouting, after graft union healing, grafting membrane can be released；
D, truncation：Scion sprouting sprouts, and after there are 3 young leaves, is wiped out branches and leaves at the top of stock with secateurs.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is grafted in winter, and degree/day is 5~15 DEG C；
A kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima of the present embodiment includes the following steps：
The cultivation of S1 stocks：
A, it selects to garden：Selection has a good transport service, topography is gentle, and loosing soil, fertile, irrigation and drainage are good, the loam of subacidity
Or sandy loam；
B, seedbed arranges：Smooth nursery plot divides furrow to form the wide 1.0m of every furrow, wide 35cm between furrow, is formed between furrow deep
The gutters 15cm；Seedling builds high 1.8m shades on the ground, and the shade density of the shade is 85%；
C, stock seed selects：Selection grain is big, full, nothing is gone mouldy, the Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed without insect pest is as stock seed；
The Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is harvested in annual mid or late November, and the fruit of harvesting is placed in ventilating and cooling place, and two weeks or so fruits are naturally dry
It splits, peels off pericarp and take out seed；
D, seed treatment：Use mass percentage for 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection seed 10min, it will
The seed of heavy water picks up, and is cleaned with clear water, ventilation is dried, and dehydration of being exposed to the sun is made sure to keep in mind；
E, presprouting of seeds：Wide 1.0m is got out, the seed dried is laid in sand basin by high 18cm sand basins with sand storage vernalization
On, seed is put cannot be overstocked, avoids being stacked with, and covers the thick sand of 3cm above, covers film after water of drenching, and keep humidity
85%；Wait for that germination, radicle are sowed when growing to 0.5cm；
F, it sows：It opens depth on seedbed to sow for 10cm seed furrows, seed furrow line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows is in seed furrow
25cm；Seed base-root is downward when sowing, is after planting uniformly covered with the soil that thickness is 2cm, and water drenching simultaneously keeps ground moistening；
G, seedling management：
For Germination period it is noted that keeping ground moistening, prevention drought and water shortage causes seedling development bad；
After seedling enters leaf stretching period, monthly 0.1% composite fertilizers of Lin Shi 2 times can spray bacterium more than 25% if any disease every 7 days
1000 times of clever wettable powder continuously sprays 3 times；
10% imidacloprid is diluted 4000 times of liquid, after 2% avermectin is diluted 1000 times by tender slightly growth period every 10d
Mixing sprays, and continuously sprays 3 times；
When waiting for oil tea length supreme 100cm, trunk diameter 0.8cm, stock can be done for grafting.
The cultivation of S2 grafting-trees：
A, cutting orchard is built：Selection of land gesture is gentle, loosing soil, fertile, pollution-free, the loam of subacidity or the ground of sandy loam
Block, by line space 3m × 3m, deep 1m has dug plantation hole, and table soil first backfills；It is 2 that deep soil and farm manure, which are pressed mass ratio,:1 is mixed
It is spare after closing uniformly；The shading net that shade density is 70% is built above cutting orchard；The farm manure is by fertile soil and decomposed dung
It is mixed；
B, it is colonized elite stand：Select grow fine within 5 years or more, Camellia nitidissima plant that no disease and pests harm, kind are pure connects as providing
The Camellia nitidissima elite stand of fringe；Elite stand is vertically loaded into plantation hole together with soil ball, then with the earthen backfill prepared, and root is determined in water drenching；It is described fixed
The time for planting elite stand is annual September~November；
C, elite stand manages：After transplanting one month, it is 0.1% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution 2 times that monthly mass concentration is applied in leaching；Adopting fringe
It is loosened the soil afterwards to elite stand, weeding, applies 0.5kg organic fertilizers and 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate per acre, while spraying growth hormone 1；
Flower and bud are thinning out by the plant too many to flowers and fruits amount, visual Growth status situation, it is ensured that newly nutrient supply slightly.
S3 is grafted：
(1) stock is handled：Growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm stock, retains trunk and a small amount of branches and leaves in top, remaining side
Branch is all wiped out, with clean towel by stem sample site wiped clean；
(2) scion acquisition and processing：The branch to annual semi-lignified positioned at tree crown periphery middle and upper part half a year is selected,
And away from cutting branch at the 12cm of top；The branch is healthy and strong, bud eye is full, panel length is moderate and no disease and pests harm；Each branch
Away from places 1.5cm below axillary bud, away from the places 0.5cm cutting above axillary bud, retain 1/2 blade, the scion of formation one leaf, one bud；It will connect
Fringe be completely soaked in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid impregnate 3min disinfection, pick up drain away the water it is spare；
(3) scion and stock grafting：
A, scion is cut：Holding knife makes the edge of a knife and scion be in 25 ° of angles, from the long inclined-planes 1.5cm are cut under scion axillary bud at 0.3cm,
Fringe bar is overturn into another side, an inclined-plane is cut with same method；Described two inclined-planes are not exclusively opposite, at an angle, form one
Side is slightly thick, on one side slightly thin wedge shape；A knife is required to be molded when cutting inclined-plane, inclined-plane wants smooth, phozy；
B, stock is cut：Smooth position at one is selected on stock trunk, holding knife makes the edge of a knife, in 10 ° of angles, splay downwards with tree body,
It is formed as deep as xylem, the notch of long 2cm, then, removing upper part crosscutting at the 0.2cm of notch top with knife；The notch
Section about be in " 7 " font, section on one side can open, cut scion, notch be required to be smooth it is smooth, it is phozy；
C, it grafts：Stock section is inserted into scion, the thin one side of scion is inserted into stock inboard until another side and stock
Bark alignment, stock and the forming layer of scion are also just mutually aligned at this time；
D, hormone and antibacterial processing:With the good hormone bacteriostatic solution of configured in advance, it is uniformly sprayed on scion and grafting interface,
Uniformly adhere to solution to scion leaf, branch and graft union；The hormone bacteriostatic solution contains the ingredient of following concentration：
IBA0.28g/L and bacteriostatic agent 50g/L；The bacteriostatic agent is made of the following raw material of mass parts：Pomelo peel pectin zymolyte 55
Part, 8 parts of alginates, 12 parts of wood vinegar, 0.18 part of formic acid, 3 parts of nisin, in the pomelo peel pectin zymolyte,
The mass percentage for the oligomer that relative molecular weight is 20000~30000 is 63%, and the wood vinegar is made by the following method
It is standby to obtain：It is 5 that semen litchi, pepper, nutmeg, bamboo, which are pressed mass ratio,:3:1:10 are added in retort, are warming up to 280 DEG C
Heat preservation 4h collects wood vinegar afterwards；
E, special grafting transparent plastic film is taken, stock and scion junction are wound into several circles, keeps scion and stock solid
Fixed immovable, reinflated film is up wound, and the bud of scion and blade are all covered a circle, prick grafting membrane on top
Tightly, that is, the grafting of a scion is completed；Wherein, 5 scion can be grafted on same stock, the scion of bottom is away from ground on stock
Identity distance is from 20cm.
S4 managing after grafting：
A, water management：Water drenching amount is controlled after grafting, prevents excess moisture from macerating root；
B, film is taken off：When scion starts to sprout, if sprout is unable to bursting film, a hole is gently chosen out with toothpick, is made
Young shoot can smoothly stretch；
C, it unbinds：It sprouts in sprouting, after graft union healing, grafting membrane can be released；
D, truncation：Scion sprouting sprouts, and after there are 4 young leaves, is wiped out branches and leaves at the top of stock with secateurs.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is grafted in spring, and degree/day is 15~25 DEG C；
A kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima includes the following steps：
The cultivation of S1 stocks：
A, it selects to garden：Selection has a good transport service, topography is gentle, and loosing soil, fertile, irrigation and drainage are good, the loam of subacidity
Or sandy loam；
B, seedbed arranges：Smooth nursery plot divides furrow to form the wide 1.2m of every furrow, wide 30cm between furrow, is formed between furrow deep
The gutters 15cm；Seedling builds high 2.0m shades on the ground, and the shade density of the shade is 70%~85%；
C, stock seed selects：Selection grain is big, full, nothing is gone mouldy, the Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed without insect pest is as stock seed；
The Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is harvested in annual mid or late November, and the fruit of harvesting is placed in ventilating and cooling place, and two weeks or so fruits are naturally dry
It splits, peels off pericarp and take out seed；
D, seed treatment：It uses mass percentage for 0.4% liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection seed 8min, will sink
The seed of water picks up, and is cleaned with clear water, ventilation is dried, and dehydration of being exposed to the sun is made sure to keep in mind；
E, presprouting of seeds：Wide 1.2m is got out, the seed dried is laid in sand basin by high 15cm sand basins with sand storage vernalization
On, seed is put cannot be overstocked, avoids being stacked with, and covers the thick sand of 3~5cm above, covers film after water of drenching, and keep wet
Degree is 83%；Wait for that germination, radicle are sowed when growing to 0.8cm；
F, it sows：It opens depth on seedbed to sow for 9cm seed furrows, seed furrow line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows is 20cm in seed furrow；
Seed base-root is downward when sowing, is after planting uniformly covered with the soil that thickness is 3cm, and water drenching simultaneously keeps ground moistening；
G, seedling management：
For Germination period it is noted that keeping ground moistening, prevention drought and water shortage causes seedling development bad；
After seedling enters leaf stretching period, monthly 0.1% composite fertilizers of Lin Shi 2 times can spray bacterium more than 25% if any disease every 9 days
800 times of clever wettable powder continuously sprays 3 times；
10% imidacloprid is diluted 4000 times of liquid, after 2% avermectin is diluted 1000 times by tender slightly growth period every 12d
Mixing sprays, and continuously sprays 3 times；
When waiting for oil tea length supreme 90cm, trunk diameter 0.9cm, stock can be done for grafting.
The cultivation of S2 grafting-trees：
A, cutting orchard is built：Selection of land gesture is gentle, loosing soil, fertile, pollution-free, the loam of subacidity or the ground of sandy loam
Block, by line space 3m × 3m, deep 0.9m has dug plantation hole, and table soil first backfills；It is 2 that deep soil and farm manure, which are pressed mass ratio,:1
It is spare after mixing；The shading net that shade density is 80% is built above cutting orchard；The farm manure is by fertile soil and decomposed matting
Fertilizer is mixed；
B, it is colonized elite stand：Select grow fine within 5 years or more, Camellia nitidissima plant that no disease and pests harm, kind are pure connects as providing
The Camellia nitidissima elite stand of fringe；Elite stand is vertically loaded into plantation hole together with soil ball, then with the earthen backfill prepared, and root is determined in water drenching；It is described fixed
The time for planting elite stand is annual September~November；
C, elite stand manages：After transplanting one month, it is 0.1% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution 1 time that monthly mass concentration is applied in leaching；Adopting fringe
It is loosened the soil afterwards to elite stand, weeding, applies 0.5kg organic fertilizers and 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate per acre, while spraying growth hormone 2 times；
Flower and bud are thinning out by the plant too many to flowers and fruits amount, visual Growth status situation, it is ensured that newly nutrient supply slightly.
S3 is grafted：
(1) stock is handled：Growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm stock, retains trunk and a small amount of branches and leaves in top, remaining side
Branch is all wiped out, with clean towel by stem sample site wiped clean；
(2) scion acquisition and processing：The branch to annual semi-lignified positioned at tree crown periphery middle and upper part half a year is selected,
And away from cutting branch at the 10cm of top；The branch is healthy and strong, bud eye is full, panel length is moderate and no disease and pests harm；Each branch
Away from places 1.8cm below axillary bud, away from the places 0.4cm cutting above axillary bud, retain 1/3 blade, the scion of formation one leaf, one bud；It will connect
Fringe be completely soaked in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of liquid impregnate 4min disinfection, pick up drain away the water it is spare；
(3) scion and stock grafting：
A, scion is cut：Holding knife makes the edge of a knife and scion be in 23 ° of angles, from the long inclined-planes 1.2cm are cut under scion axillary bud at 0.4cm,
Fringe bar is overturn into another side, an inclined-plane is cut with same method；Described two inclined-planes are not exclusively opposite, at an angle, form one
Side is slightly thick, on one side slightly thin wedge shape；A knife is required to be molded when cutting inclined-plane, inclined-plane wants smooth, phozy；
B, stock is cut：Smooth position at one is selected on stock trunk, holding knife makes the edge of a knife, in 12 ° of angles, splay downwards with tree body,
It is formed as deep as xylem, the notch of long 1.8cm, then, removing upper part crosscutting at the 0.3cm of notch top with knife；It is described to cut
Mouthful section is about in " 7 " font, and section can open on one side, cuts scion, notch be required to be smooth it is smooth, it is phozy；
C, it grafts：Stock section is inserted into scion, the thin one side of scion is inserted into stock inboard until another side and stock
Bark alignment, stock and the forming layer of scion are also just mutually aligned at this time；
D, hormone and antibacterial processing:With the good hormone bacteriostatic solution of configured in advance, it is uniformly sprayed on scion and grafting interface,
Uniformly adhere to solution to scion leaf, branch and graft union；The hormone bacteriostatic solution contains the ingredient of following concentration：
IBA0.28g/L and bacteriostatic agent 50g/L；The bacteriostatic agent is made of the following raw material of mass parts：Pomelo peel pectin zymolyte 60
Part, 5 parts of alginates, 17 parts of wood vinegar, 0.15 part of formic acid, 5 parts of nisin, in the pomelo peel pectin zymolyte,
The mass percentage for the oligomer that relative molecular weight is 20000~30000 is 60%, and the wood vinegar is made by the following method
It is standby to obtain：It is 5 that semen litchi, pepper, nutmeg, bamboo, which are pressed mass ratio,:3:1:10 are added in retort, are warming up to 300 DEG C
Heat preservation 3h collects wood vinegar afterwards；
E, special grafting transparent plastic film is taken, stock and scion junction are wound into several circles, keeps scion and stock solid
Fixed immovable, reinflated film is up wound, and the bud of scion and blade are all covered a circle, prick grafting membrane on top
Tightly, that is, the grafting of a scion is completed；Wherein, 4 scion can be grafted on same stock, the scion of bottom is away from ground on stock
Identity distance is from 30cm.
S4 managing after grafting：
A, water management：Water drenching amount is controlled after grafting, prevents excess moisture from macerating root；
B, film is taken off：When scion starts to sprout, if sprout is unable to bursting film, a hole is gently chosen out with toothpick, is made
Young shoot can smoothly stretch；
C, it unbinds：It sprouts in sprouting, after graft union healing, grafting membrane can be released；
D, truncation：Scion sprouting sprouts, and after there are 3 young leaves, is wiped out branches and leaves at the top of stock with secateurs.
In order to illustrate the technique effect of the present invention, following control group is set：
Control group 1
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 1 is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference lies in the scion of control group 1
It is symmetrically wedge-shaped for two sides, the notch of stock and matching.
Control group 2
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 2 is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference lies in the stocks of control group 2
After truncation, along stock medulla to incision, T-shape notch is formed, then access scion.
Control group 3
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 3 is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference lies in the graftings of control group 3
In technology, the step c of step (3) scion and stock grafting, grafting are：Stock section is inserted into scion, the thin one side of scion exists
Stock is inboard, is inserted into until another side is aligned with the bark of stock, stock and the forming layer of scion are also just mutually aligned at this time；
Special grafting transparent plastic film is taken, stock and scion junction are wound into several circles, scion and stock is made to be fixed from movement,
Reinflated film is up wound, and the bud of scion and blade are all covered a circle, grafting membrane is tightened on top, that is, completes one
The grafting of scion, while carrying out bagging moisturizing to grafting the stock fixed and scion；Wherein, 4 can be grafted on same stock
A scion, the scion ground height 30cm of bottom on stock.
Control group 4
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 4 is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference lies in control group 4 is for transferring
The height of seedling for connecing the oil tea of stock is 50cm, trunk diameter 0.5cm.
Control group 5
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 5 is substantially the same manner as Example 2, and difference lies in control group 5 is for transferring
The height of seedling for connecing the oil tea of stock is 50cm, trunk diameter 0.5cm.
Control group 6
Control group 6 is carried out using cleft graft conventional in the prior art, grafting in summer, and day temperature is 30~36 DEG C.
Control group 7
Control group 7 is carried out in winter using cleft graft conventional in the prior art, grafting, and day temperature is 5~15 DEG C.
Control group 8
Control group 8 is carried out using cleft graft conventional in the prior art, grafting in spring, and day temperature is 15~25 DEG C.
Control group 9
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 9 is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference lies in the antibacterial of, control group 9
Agent is made of alginates, wood vinegar, formic acid.
Control group 10
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 10 is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference lies in the suppressions of control group 10
Microbial inoculum is made of pomelo peel pectin zymolyte, formic acid, nisin.
Control group 11
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 11 is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference lies in the suppressions of control group 11
Microbial inoculum is made of pomelo peel pectin zymolyte, alginates, nisin.
Control group 12
The simple reproduction technology of the Camellia nitidissima of control group 12 is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference lies in the suppressions of control group 12
Microbial inoculum is made of wood vinegar, formic acid, nisin.
Experiment detection
1, according to 1~embodiment of embodiment 3 and control group 1, control group 2 offer Camellia nitidissima simple reproduction technology
It grafts Camellia nitidissima, sprout survival rate and average sprouting time and grafts number such as the following table 1 day per capita.
Table 1
Graft survival rate highest, the sprouting time of 1~embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention 3 are most short as shown in Table 1, and day is per capita
It is most to graft number, illustrates that the present invention has high graft survival rate, molding fast, the high advantage of grafting efficiency.It is compared by embodiment 3
In control group 1, the height of control group 2, sprouting time is short compared to the time of control group 1 and control group 2, and day grafts number phase per capita
Than in control group 1 and control group more than 2, illustrating that scion of the present invention is bonded more preferably with stock, wound healing is fast, is conducive to scion and sprouts,
Scion sprouting time is short, and tree body molding is fast, high graft survival rate, and the section of scion and stock is suitable, and grafting is convenient, efficient.
By embodiment 3 it is found that the survival rate of control group 3 and average sprouting time difference are little compared with control group 3, but graft per capita day
Number is significantly less than embodiment 3, illustrates equally there is higher survival rate, grafting survival time after the present invention saves bagging step
Short, grafting efficiency is high.The rudiment it is found that grafting of the present invention is averaged compared with control group 4, control group 5 by embodiment 1, embodiment 2
Time is longer than embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, illustrates the tall and big oil tea work in 80cm, trunk diameter more than 0.8cm of stock that the present invention uses
For stock, wound healing is fast after grafting, and tree body molding is also fast after healing.By 1~embodiment of embodiment 3 and control group 6~compare
Group 8 is compared, and it is found that 1~embodiment of embodiment 3 is compared to the survival rate of 6~control group of control group 8, high, average sprouting time is short,
Day, grafting number was more per capita, illustrates that traditional cleft graft survival rate is not high, is easily influenced by environment and temperature, grafting efficiency
It is low, and the present invention is not limited by season, high graft survival rate, grafting efficiency is high.
2, according to 1~embodiment of embodiment 3 and 1~control group of control group 8 offer Camellia nitidissima simple reproduction skill
Art grafts Camellia nitidissima, the plant height and hat width such as the following table 2 of the golden camellia after grafting 1 year and after 2 years.
Table 2
As shown in Table 2,1~embodiment of embodiment 3 compared with 6~control group of control group 8, graft by 1~embodiment of embodiment 3
After one or two years, the plant height of Camellia nitidissima is relatively high, and hat width is wide, illustrates that the present invention has grafting tree body formed fast compared to cleft graft
Effect.1~embodiment of embodiment 3 is compared with 1~control group of control group 5, after 1~embodiment of embodiment 3 grafts one or two years, golden flower
The plant height of tea is relatively high, and hat width is wide, and in the engrafting method for illustrating the present invention, the shape and section of scion and stock are suitable, stock
Size selection it is suitable, body formed to grafting tree to have facilitation, the grafting tree body formed time is short.
3, according to 1~embodiment of embodiment 3 and 9~control group of control group 12 offer Camellia nitidissima simple reproduction skill
Art grafts Camellia nitidissima, counts graft union mouldy in grafting procedures, calculates mouldy rate, as a result such as the following table 3.
Table 3
| Detection | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Control group 9 | Control group 10 | Control group 11 | Control group 12 |
| Mouldy rate % | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36% | 42% | 55% | 47% |
As shown in Table 3,1~embodiment of embodiment 3 is low compared to the mouldy rate of 9~control group of control group 12, illustrates this hair
It is bright using the bacteriostatic agent being made of pomelo peel pectin zymolyte, alginates, wood vinegar, formic acid, nisin after, to grafting
The bacteria mildew-proof effect of mouth is good, and graft union is not easy mouldy, high graft survival rate.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima, including the cultivations of S1 stocks, the cultivation of S2 grafting-trees,
S3 graftings, S4 managing after grafting, which is characterized in that the S3 graftings include the following steps：
(1) stock is handled：Growth selection is good, no disease and pests harm stock, retains trunk and a small amount of branches and leaves in top, remaining side shoot are complete
Portion is wiped out, with clean towel by stem sample site wiped clean；
(2) scion acquisition and processing：Selection is located at tree crown periphery middle and upper part half a year to the branch of annual semi-lignified, away from top
Branch is cut at 8~12cm of portion；The branch is healthy and strong, bud eye is full, panel length is moderate and no disease and pests harm；Each branch is away from armpit
Below bud at 1.5~2cm, away from being cut at 0.3~0.5cm above axillary bud, retains 1/2~1/3 blade, form one bud of a leaf
Scion；Scion is completely soaked and impregnates 3~5min disinfections in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 500~1000 times of liquid, is picked up
It drains away the water spare；
(3) scion and stock grafting：
A, scion is cut：Holding knife makes the edge of a knife and scion be in 20 °~25 ° angles, from cut at 0.3~0.5cm under scion axillary bud a length 1~
Fringe bar is overturn another side by the inclined-planes 1.5cm, and an inclined-plane is cut with same method；Described two inclined-planes are not exclusively opposite, are in an angle
Degree forms slightly thick on one side, the slightly thin wedge shape in one side；A knife is required to be molded when cutting inclined-plane, inclined-plane wants smooth, phozy；
B, stock is cut：Smooth position at one is selected on stock trunk, holding knife makes the edge of a knife and tree body be in 10 °~15 ° angles, to oblique
It cuts, is formed as deep as xylem, the notch of long 1.5~2cm, then it is crosscutting at 0.2~0.5cm of notch top with knife, it removes above
Part；The notch section is about in " 7 " font, and section can open on one side, cut scion, and notch is required to be smooth smooth, does not rise
Hair；
C, it grafts：Stock section is inserted into scion, the tree until another side and stock is inserted into the thin one side of scion in stock inboard
Skin is aligned, and stock and the forming layer of scion are also just mutually aligned at this time；
D, hormone and antibacterial processing:With the good hormone bacteriostatic solution of configured in advance, it is uniformly sprayed on scion and grafting interface, until connecing
Fringe blade, branch and graft union uniformly adhere to solution；The hormone bacteriostatic solution contains the ingredient of following concentration：
10~50g/L of IBA0.28g/L and bacteriostatic agent；
E, special grafting transparent plastic film is taken, stock and scion junction are wound into several circles, scion and stock is made to fix not
Can be mobile, reinflated film is up wound, and the bud of scion and blade are all covered a circle, tightened grafting membrane on top, i.e.,
Complete the grafting of a scion；Wherein, 4~5 scion can be grafted on same stock, the scion of bottom is away from ground on stock
Distance is not less than 15cm.
2. a kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, which is characterized in that S3 is transferred
In connecing, the stock is used using Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed as stock seed, and Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed is sowed, and it is 80 to cultivate to height of seedling
~100cm, xeromenia are the stock of 0.8~1cm.
3. a kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
S1 stocks cultivation include the following steps：
A, it selects to garden：Selection has a good transport service, topography is gentle, and loosing soil, fertile, irrigation and drainage are good, the loam or sand of subacidity
Loam；
B, seedbed arranges：Smooth nursery plot divides furrow to form the wide 1.0~1.5m of every furrow, wide 25~35cm between furrow, is formed between furrow
The deep gutters 15cm；Seedling builds high 1.8~2.5m shades on the ground, and the shade density of the shade is 70%~85%；
C, stock seed selects：Selection grain is big, full, nothing is gone mouldy, the Gaozhou oil-tea camellia seed without insect pest is as stock seed；It is described
Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is harvested in annual mid or late November, and the fruit of harvesting is placed in ventilating and cooling place, and fruit is naturally dry and cracked within two weeks or so, stripping
It opens pericarp and takes out seed；
D, seed treatment：Use mass percentage for 0.3%~0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection seed 5~
10min picks up the seed of heavy water, is cleaned with clear water, ventilation is dried, and dehydration of being exposed to the sun is made sure to keep in mind；
E, presprouting of seeds：Wide 1.0~1.5m is got out, the seed dried is laid in by high 12~18cm sand basins with sand storage vernalization
In sand basin, seed is put cannot be overstocked, avoids being stacked with, and covers the thick sand of 3~5cm above, covers film after water of drenching, and protect
Humidity is held 80%~85%；Wait for that germination, radicle are sowed when growing to 0.5~1cm；
F, it sows：It opens depth on seedbed to sow for 8~10cm seed furrows, seed furrow 20~30cm of line-spacing, spacing in the rows is in seed furrow
18~25cm；Seed base-root is downward when sowing, is after planting uniformly covered with the soil that thickness is 2~3cm, and water drenching simultaneously keeps soil wet
Profit；
G, seedling management：
For Germination period it is noted that keeping ground moistening, prevention drought and water shortage causes seedling development bad；
After seedling enters leaf stretching period, monthly 0.1% composite fertilizers of Lin Shi 1~2 time can spray 25% if any disease every 7~10 days
500~1000 times of carbendazol wettable powder continuously sprays 3 times；
Tender slightly growth period sprays 1000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid, 4000 times of liquid and 2% avermectin every 10~15d, continuous to spray
It applies 3 times；
It waits for that oil tea length is supreme and is more than 80, when trunk diameter is more than 0.8cm, stock can be done for grafting.
4. a kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The incubation steps of S2 grafting-trees be：
A, cutting orchard is built：Selection of land gesture is gentle, loosing soil, fertile, pollution-free, the loam of subacidity or the plot of sandy loam,
By line space 3m × 3m, deep 0.8~1m has dug plantation hole, and table soil first backfills；It is 2 that deep soil and farm manure, which are pressed mass ratio,:1
It is spare after mixing；The shading net that shade density is 70%~85% is built above cutting orchard；The farm manure by fertile soil and
Decomposed dung is mixed；
B, it is colonized elite stand：Select grow fine within 5 years or more, Camellia nitidissima plant that no disease and pests harm, kind are pure is as providing scion
Camellia nitidissima elite stand；Elite stand is vertically loaded into plantation hole together with soil ball, then with the earthen backfill prepared, and root is determined in water drenching；The field planting is female
The time of tree is annual September~November；
C, elite stand manages：After transplanting one month, it is 0.1% composite fertilizer's aqueous solution 1~2 time that monthly mass concentration is applied in leaching；Adopting fringe
It is loosened the soil afterwards to elite stand, weeding, applies 0.5kg organic fertilizers and 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate per acre, while spraying growth hormone 1~2
It is secondary；Flower and bud are thinning out by the plant too many to flowers and fruits amount, visual Growth status situation, it is ensured that newly nutrient supply slightly.
5. a kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The step of S4 managing after grafting is：
A, water management：Water drenching amount is controlled after grafting, prevents excess moisture from macerating root；
B, film is taken off：When scion starts to sprout, if sprout is unable to bursting film, a hole is gently chosen out with toothpick, makes young shoot
It can smoothly stretch；
C, it unbinds：It sprouts in sprouting, after graft union healing, grafting membrane can be released；
D, truncation：Scion sprouting sprouts, and after there are 3~4 young leaves, is wiped out branches and leaves at the top of stock with secateurs.
6. a kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Bacteriostatic agent be made of the following raw material of mass parts：50~60 parts of pomelo peel pectin zymolyte, 5~10 parts of alginates, wood vinegar
10~17 parts, 0.15~0.2 part of formic acid, 1~5 part of nisin.
7. a kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described
Pomelo peel pectin zymolyte in, the mass percentage of the oligomer that relative molecular weight is 20000~30000 is 60~
65%.
8. a kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described
Wood vinegar be prepared by the following method：It is 5 that semen litchi, pepper, nutmeg, bamboo, which are pressed mass ratio,:3:1:10 are added
3~5h, which is kept the temperature, in retort, after being warming up to 250~300 DEG C collects wood vinegar.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109197209A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-01-15 | 德宏叁叁农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of nut grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN110663435A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-10 | 宁乡县煤炭坝镇茅栗林木专业合作社 | Grafting cultivation method for osmanthus fragrans and small-wax saplings |
| CN112889506A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-04 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for grafting new variety of red-feather camellia oleifera plantlet by adopting distant variety as stock |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103125243A (en) * | 2013-03-09 | 2013-06-05 | 福建农林大学 | Method for raising seedlings of camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting |
| CN103283450A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-11 | 广西师范大学 | Golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method |
| CN105766391A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | Novel method for grafting seedling culture of camellia nitidissima |
| CN105993626A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-12 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for potted camellia nitidissima |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103125243A (en) * | 2013-03-09 | 2013-06-05 | 福建农林大学 | Method for raising seedlings of camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting |
| CN103283450A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-11 | 广西师范大学 | Golden camellia bud seedling stock grafting propagation method |
| CN105766391A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | Novel method for grafting seedling culture of camellia nitidissima |
| CN105993626A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-12 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for potted camellia nitidissima |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109197209A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-01-15 | 德宏叁叁农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of nut grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN110663435A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-10 | 宁乡县煤炭坝镇茅栗林木专业合作社 | Grafting cultivation method for osmanthus fragrans and small-wax saplings |
| CN112889506A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-04 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for grafting new variety of red-feather camellia oleifera plantlet by adopting distant variety as stock |
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| CN108522121B (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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