CN110140575A - A kind of pomegranate downgrades clump and plants or pomegranate minimum facility cultural method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pomegranates to downgrade clump cultivation or pomegranate minimum facility cultural method.It is by 2~5 plants of every cave or a small number of single plants, using dwarfted varieties or dwarfing, happy type trim mode that pomegranate in the present invention, which downgrades clump and plants, it is fast at garden speed, time saving and energy saving, cost-saving synergistic, especially provided convenience in the dense planting of pomegranate, bagging, bag taking, trimming, management, picking, greatly save labour, cost-saving synergistic；The good effect of pomegranate minimum facility cultivation is: extending the defoliation of fruit trees time, conserves tree body after pomegranate picking；Winter prevents low temperature freezing-disaster, and spring promotees leaf and early sends out, and the Spring Equinox to grain rains prevents cold spell in later spring, and summer and autumn prevents high temperature and humidity from inhibiting disease；Light filling concurrent heating is easy fruit commodity rate of achieving higher output, improve, and increases mu benefit, and this mode is particularly important in North Plain Region and Xinjiang region popularization pomegranate plantation.

Description

A kind of pomegranate downgrades clump and plants or pomegranate minimum facility cultural method

Technical field

The invention belongs to cultivation of fruit tree management domains, and in particular to a kind of pomegranate downgrades clump and plants or the cultivation of pomegranate minimum facility Method.

Background technique

The cultivation of overwhelming majority fruit tree is one plant per hole cultivation at present, is achieved higher output by the trimming to single plant, is not had also at present Facility cultivation is found for pomegranate.

Pomegranate in the present invention, which downgrades clump and plants, is repaired by 2~5 plants of every cave or a small number of single plants, using dwarfted varieties and dwarfing The mode of cutting wins high yield；Easy facility cultivates this formulation still for the first time for pomegranate.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pomegranates to downgrade clump cultivation or pomegranate minimum facility cultural method.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:

A kind of pomegranate downgrades clump and plants or pomegranate minimum facility cultural method,

1. soil selects

1.1 suitable planting area domains

Plain is suitble to minimum facility cultivation, demonstration, promotes；Pomegranate minimum facility cultivation, it is ensured that it is overwintering, resist cold spell in later spring, reduce Disease in the case of rainy season high temperature and humidity occurs；Flat-bottomed land Root growth, the high 10~20cm in ridge, 50~70cm of row spacing；

It is suitble to pomegranate to downgrade clump in 90 ° of following region on hillside or massif surrounding or the gradient to plant, steep hillslope orchard establishment implements transforming slope into terrace, Conserving water and soil is advisable；

It can all be grown on fragmentary, unoccupied place, sandy beach, hills, be suitble to pomegranate to downgrade clump in garden and its four sides and plant.

1.2 suitable soil types

Pomegranate suitable soil is relatively broad, loam, moisture soil, Shajiang black soil, paddy soils, and clay is by mixing sand 1/3~1/2 Amount improvement, the thickness of soil of improvement increase gas permeability at 0.5 meter or more；

2. variety selection

2.1 pomegranate variety selections

First is that the selection strong kind of winter resistance: being easy overwintering, anti-fall cold spell in spring.

Second is that selection highly resistance dehiscent fruit kind: reducing Cracking fruit, improve commodity rate.

Third is that selection high yield and quality variety: it is in good taste, it is suitble to fresh food or fruit color deeply dark, crushing juice rate is high, is suitble to processing Kind；

Fourth is that selecting is suitable for Cold region apple kind: dwarfing, brachyplast shape kind or dwarfing, brachyplastization trimming management, convenient for dense planting, set Bag is picked, is managed, achieving higher output, especially saving labour, reduces labor intensity.

Fifth is that suitable plant kind citing: be suitble to fresh food and the local fine quality of processing to have ' Qiu Yan ' pomegranate: high yield, it is high-quality, Middle-late ripening variety.4000 jin of best fruiting period fruit tree per mu yield or more, thin skin, grain big (100-grain weight maximum is up to 86 grams), sugar content are high (up to 21%), acid content low (as low as 0.4%), highly resistance dehiscent fruit, 5% or less Cracking fruit, 65% or more crushing juice rate, seed benevolence semihard, storage tolerance, Storage period 3 months or more；

Introduced variety: the soft seed pomegranate such as Zhong Nonghong, the soft seed of Israel (wonderful), the soft seed in Tunisia, in the higher temperature of latitude Band apparent altitude is not disease-resistant, perishable；It cultivates, promote by being promoted after demonstration cultivation or by minimum facility demonstration；

Cultivate local suitable cultivation kind, the breeding by way of discovery, sexual hybridization breeding, transgenic technology breeding, space breeding；

In terms of pomegranate transgenic breeding, transgenic breeding is carried out using the interracial gene of different pomegranates, does not have to adventitious viruses Gene carries out transgenic breeding, improves the safety of agricultural product；

2.2 kinds are numerous fastly

First is that site preparation is at furrow, furrow are 0.8~1.5 meter wide, watering, covering pore membrane, 10 × 5~8cm of density, dense planting cuttage length 6~ The pomegranate branch of 8cm, mu cuttage 10000 or more, strong sprout rate is at 8000 plants or so；Crop field is transplanted after one year seedling fallen leaves, north Side area is mostly transplanted in spring to rudiment, high survival rate or one year seedling fallen leaves after be transplanted to high 20~25cm, diameter 10~ In the degradable bag of 20cm, temporary planting is concentrated to get up, a period or season transplanting crop field in office or sale reach fast rapid-result garden；Spring Season one, biennial branch cutting or autumn green wood cutting survival rate 85% or more；

Second is that using pomegranate stem apex, blade, stem section, the tip of a root, anther position detoxication and tissue culture, high power numerous pomegranate seedlings fastly, greenhouse per acre Solid breeding is at 50000 plants or more；

3. fast short-term training garden cultivation mode

3.1 field production modes

Using the one or two or hybrid mode of following manner；

3.1.1 single plant planting type

Density (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5~3 × 3~4m, mu plant 55~150；

Dense planting (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5 × 4m, mu plant 110, and the best fruiting period transplants other crop fields after strain, convenient for fast rapid-result garden； Or it is used for potting or bonsai production；

3.1.2 more plants of clumps plant mode

This is the method that fast rapid-result garden reaches high yield, time saving and energy saving.

(1) 33 × 4 mode

It annotates: 33: hill spacing 3m, 2~5 plants of every cave, being planted with 3 plants of clumps is advisable；4: line-spacing 4m；Density (hill spacing × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu Plant 55 caves；2~5 plants of every cave；It is cultivated under normal circumstances using 3 plants, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm；

(2) mode of 33-1 × 4

It annotates: 33: hill spacing 3m, 2~5 plants of every cave；It is planted with 3 plants of clumps, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm cultivation optimal selection；- 1: every one 2~5 plants of cave clump, which is planted, becomes 1 plant of single plant cultivation；

Formed " ' 2~5 plants of clumps are planted '-' 1 plant single plant cultivation '-' 2~5 plants clumps cultivations ' " mode；4: line-spacing 4m；

Density (hill spacing × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu plant 55 caves；2~5 plants of every cave；3 plants under normal circumstances, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm Cultivation；

Dense planting (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5 × 4m, mu plant 110 caves, and when best fruiting period can transplant every cave, convenient for fast short-term training garden or potting Or bonsai production；

Wherein " -1 " single plant transplants other crop fields or potting or potted landscape quick Fabrication in the best fruiting period；

Or 3.1.3 minimum facility greenhouse cultivation mode

Mode multiplicity, to be suitble to local climate condition and sunlight-heat reaources to make full use of as standard；Minimum facility greenhouse lowest part is high 3m or more is spent, span accommodates 2~10 row fruit trees, 15 ° of the gradient or more, is convenient for winter automatic snow；

Or the other cultivation modes of 3.1.4

Transplant leek around work or pomegranate rhizosphere between pomegranate-leek: root-knot nematode is preferentially infected in leek in soil, mitigates pomegranate Root-knot nematode disease；Pomegranate crop field root-knot nematode disease is taken away by leek transplanting；

Make between the shallow pond lotus root of pomegranate-: density (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu plant 55；Shallow pond lotus root specification: width x depth × length Degree=2m × 0.3~0.5m × arbitrarily long is made between the shallow pond lotus root of pomegranate-, and lotus pool is breeded fish high efficiency, and pomegranate yield shows high yield, dehiscent fruit Rate is very low；

Work or individual companion plantings (companion planting rate 1~5%), are conducive to discovery heterosis, hybrid vigor fruit or branch between different pomegranate kinds；Different fruits Companion planting can improve fruit tree affinity, disease resistance between tree kind；

4. cultural method

4.1 plough deeply site preparation

The harvesting high-quality high-yield garden of high standard is established, the curing of ploughing deeply of soil is basis.The soil cured is ploughed deeply to pomegranate tree Root growth creates good condition, and the root system for being conducive to pomegranate tree is grown to deep subsoil；Plough deeply rear soil water content Balanced growth 7.6%, soil porosity increase by 12.66%, and edaphon increases by 1.2 times；Due to the increase of edaphon, The curing for accelerating soil makes the substance of indissoluble in soil be converted into solable matter, improves soil fertility, the soil organism And nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content significantly improve；The depth of soil deep tillage curing should be up to 60~80 centimetres, and combine and plough deeply, Shi Youji Fertilizer generally applies 2500~3000 kilograms per acre；Orchard establishment comes first to dig big cave field planting, then full garden is ploughed deeply year by year again not as good as ploughing deeply Curing；

4.2 cultural method

Plant pit specification (length x width x depth): 5~10cm of length, thickness are placed in 1 × 1 × 1m, conditional plant pit bottom Surface soil should be placed on the side in cave, cubsoil is put when digging cave by 30~50cm crop material and 30~100kg organic fertilizer or special fertilizer To the other side in cave.After cave is dug, top layer mellow soil and organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed in filling cave, lower part, by bottom cubsoil Fill out the top in people cave.Backfill transplants 1~triennial pomegranate seedlings to 50~60cm thickness, it should be noted that and root system is unfolded, can not be tortuous, With fortifield village at the cave of depth 5~10cm depth around seedling, convenient for collection rain and cave-applied fertilizer water；Dropper facility is laid after plant；

Flat-bottomed land Root growth: the high 10~20cm in ridge, 50~70cm of row spacing, ridge spacing will be convenient for draining and production operations；

It is managed after 4.3 cultivations

It to fill permeable immediately after cultivation, touch root system and soil；After water infiltration is lower, around the low bank of earth between fields and other graves to tree, It is allowed to form a mound, not only improves soil moisture conservation, and prevent tree body from shaking and by freeze injury；It covers black weeding cloth and improves ground Temperature, green weeding；

It is consistent to set strain size in guarantee garden, some interim strains can be transplanted at the edge of a field, so as to the after-culture of autumn in the coming year；

It should also keep ground moistening after cultivation, humidity keeps 70~75%, and soil drought should water in time, when the rigid rudiment of young plant, due to Individual is small, and leaf is few and small, it is easy to be caused harm by pests such as chafer, aphid, weevils, should be prevented and treated in time, also loosened the soil in time Weeding, to promote nursery stock normal growth；

5. management measure

Northern area, pomegranate mid or late March are sprouted germination, are buddingged mid-April, are bloomed at the beginning of 5 months, by the end of June, July flowering stage it is basic Terminate, mid-September to early October fruit maturation, mid-November falls leaves；Minimum facility cultivates pomegranate, and the phenological period can shift to an earlier date.

5.1 key-point management measures

5.1.1 2 month of December~next year

Based on cold-resistant, light pruning or do not trim, cave-applied fertilizer water；

5.1.2 3~April, the i.e. Spring Equinox in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)-- grain rains in Clear and Bright-

Pomegranate germination and squaring period preferential defense cold spell in later spring；Method: early warning ahead of time, smoke agent and/or the atomization of anti frozen liquid fog machine Prevention, lights smoke with frost prevention smoke agent, and cigarette is stacked at the uptake of orchard, generally 4~6 heap of orchard per acre, every heap materials 25kg or so；Frost prevention smog agent prescription, according to weight percent: 2 parts of ammonium nitrates, 7 parts of sawdusts, 1 part of diesel oil are sufficiently mixed, and use paper tube Packaging, additional damp-proof membrane；The size of cigarette heap and how much with frost intensity and depending on the duration；It is down to fruit tree when temperature and endures cold and face Start fumigation of lighting a fire when boundary's temperature, dying fire dense smoke makes entire orchard full of smoke, until temperature goes back up to critical-temperature of enduring cold or more When it is flame-out, stopping smokes cigarette；With Weibei Shaanxi walnut research and development centre and Shaanxi Zhi Qi agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd cooperative research and development " intelligent frost protection aerosol producer ", frost protection better effect；Anti frozen liquid fog machine is atomized preventive treatment: strong cold air arrives Before, fog machine is atomized the antifreezing agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose, the nutrient solutions such as atomization brassin 481, Tianda-2116, atomization " 6501 " " length Heat preserving agent is steamed in wind 3 " suppression, is attained by certain frost protection effect；

Or minimum facility cultivation prevention；

5.1.3 5~June removes first batch of flower

At this point, first batch of colored trunk infusion growth is insufficient, it is not easy to achieve higher output；Second batch of indwelling colored result；After regrowth hair, fruit Fruit is determined along with fruit thinning when the big trimming of egg, and summer disposably trims, and exempts winter pruning and greatly saves labour；Florescence is wanted Avoid spraying, to improve fruit-setting rate, can the florescence spray 0.1~0.3% borax soln or manually put bee supple-mentary pollination；

5.1.4 7~August part high temperature and humidity, the harm of Yi Fasheng disease pest

The harm of pomegranate disease pest, dehiscent fruit and mechanical damage lead to decayed fruit, and Major Diseases are dry rot, brown spot and dehiscent fruit Deng Major Pests have dichocrocis punctiferalis, small heart-eating peach worm etc.；After fruit thinning determines fruit, add 70% thiophanate methyl Quan Yuanyong with 50% phoxim Fog machine spraying once sterilizes, insecticide, carries out fruit bagging, can effectively prevent disease pest harm and mechanical damage, reduction are split Fruit；Not the pomegranate of bagging after fruit thinning determines fruit every 7~10d fog machine be atomized 40% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate methyl or M-45 is big, and raw wettable powder prevents and treats pest and disease damage, based on controlling disease, continuous 7~10 times；Fog machine prevent and treat pest and disease damage everyone 200 mu or more can be prevented and treated per hour, advantage is that ground, trunk, fruit, blade face front and back sides are all prevented and treated, and prevention and treatment is thorough Dead angle is not stayed, time and labour saving is quick；

5.1.5 mid or late June

With rainwater or irrigation, urea 10kg or so is imposed, per acre with growth promotion；

5.1.6 phosphorus, potash fertilizer are increased after August, controls nitrogenous fertilizer and moisture, promotes shoot maturation, enhance tree body winter cabbage；

Period management when 5.2 pomegranate trees are each

5.2.1 seedling management mode

Using strong sprout as main goal of attack；1.5m or more bamboo pole inserts ground 0.5m, bondage pomegranate seedlings；1~triennial pomegranate tree suggests extracing All pomegranates erase extra bud, evil, cultivate tree body, strong sprout；

The pomegranate seedlings based on achieving higher output are planted at height of seedling 20cm with clump, 2~3 side shoot of indwelling at left and right sides of trunk；In order to pipe Reason and acquisition early high-yield；

The pomegranate seedlings based on achieving higher output are cultivated at 10~20cm of height of seedling with single plant, and 3~4 side shoot of pinching indwelling is formed and downgraded Naturally happy type resulting schema, convenient for management；

It is achieved higher output with single plant cultivation, while as potted landscape, pomegranate seedlings can cover the PE pipe or pvc pipe of 0.5~1.2m high, just Different directions equilibrium cloth is divided to open, 3~4 side shoots of indwelling first layer, with this at 0.5~1.2m of height of seedling in cultivating upright trunk Analogize, on trunk at 0.5~0.8m one layer of 3~4 side shoot of indwelling, for the ease of general 3 layers of indwelling or less side shoots of management； Each layer of side shoot should be staggered, not on same stipes；

5.2.2 the fertilization type time

Summer basal dressing: this period pomegranate tree bloomed, beared fruit, fruit development and bud differentiation.Basal dressing is with organic fertilizer Based on.Such as crop material, the weeds of humic acids fertilizer, compost, muck, barnyard manure and decomposedization；

Autumn basal dressing: autumn fruit is mature, and trunk infusion consumption is very big；After fruit harvesting, i.e., it should apply fertilizer, with organic fertilizer Based on, it can mix and apply a small amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer；Autumn illumination is sufficient, and proper temperature is conducive to the accumulation of nutriment, promotes tree body Stalwartness is enriched, guarantees safe overwintering；

Compel fertilizer: basal dressing performance benefit is slow and lasting, to meet the nutrition of pomegranate tree body urgent need, it is necessary to lean on top dressing；Pomegranate compels fertilizer It can be by following 3 period top dressings；

First is that top dressing before blooming: the flowers are in blossom needs a large amount of nutrition for pomegranate, and this period can apply available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and just be able to satisfy it It blooms the needs beared fruit, improves first planting flower fruit-setting rate；

Second is that spending rear top dressing: this period young fruit starts to expand, and shoot length accelerates, and compels to apply nitrogen, phosphorus quick-acting fertilizer, can reduce young fruit It falls off, young fruit is promoted to mushroom out, improve yield；

Third is that Fruit and flower bud differentiation period top dressing: this phase young sprout stops growing, and bud starts to break up, and should impose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Tree body Photosynthetic Efficiency can be improved in fertilizer, promotes nutrition product fruit, is conducive to fruit increase and bud differentiation, improves fruit quality；

5.2.3 fertilizing method

Ring-type fertilising: treelet generally uses this method, and can combine with ploughing deeply expansion cave；In tree crown outer, 20~30 centimeters are dug wide 40~50 centimetres, organic fertilizer and soil are mixed even rear filling in the ratio of 1:3 by deep 50~60 centimetres of annular groove.It is grown with tree crown Amount expands, and annular groove extends to the outside year by year.This method is easy to operate, but more to horizontal root damage；

Or trench fertilising: tree is in the ranks or between strain or interlacing ditching-fertilizing, ditching are wide (with cyclic annular fertilising)；This method is suitable Yu Chengling tree and High Density Planting Orchard；

Or radial canal fertilising: centered on trunk, shallow outer deep ditch in 4~6 is dug outward.40~50 centimetres of ditch inner width, outer width It 60 centimetres or so, is inserted after fertilizer is mixed with soil.Next year replace the position of ditch.It is few that this method hurts root, but to avoid when ditching big Root；

Or cave-shaped fertilising: the method applied in cave can be used in the insufficient situation of organic fertilizer.Around tree crown, 40 lis of 40 cm x is dug Then farmyard manure is mixed even rear filling, the annual rotation in the position in hole in the ratio of 3:1 by the pitting of rice；

Foliage-spray: this method is simple and easy, and saving of labor saves fertilizer, and fertilizer efficiency plays a role fastly, evenly distributed, but cannot apply instead of soil Fertilizer；Pomegranate tree can be replenished in time to a large amount of nutrition required for tree body by blade spraying；Calm weather is selected to spray.Concentration It cannot arbitrarily increase, mineral element concentration is not to be exceeded 0.3%；The time of spraying, preferably at the summer morning 10 before and afternoon 4 Shi Hou, in case evaporation causes fertilizer damage fastly；

Pomegranate tree grows, blooms, result all be unable to do without the participation of water, irrigation period: to meet the needs that Growth status is developed, Whole year, which pours water, in production is divided into following 4 periods:

First is that freeze-up water: after fruit picking to soil it is freeze-up before (10~December), deep plough in conjunction with autumn, pour water after basal dressing, promote Organic matter decomposition conversion is conducive to trunk infusion accumulation, is conducive to the differentiation and development of Winter-Spring bud, is conducive to pomegranate tree and gets over safely Winter；

Second is that rudiment water: pouring water in March in spring, branch germinating energy can be enhanced, promote rudiment neat, to Spring-shoot growth, bud Development has facilitation；It is urgent that spring hits the time；

Third is that Hua Houshui: after full-bloom stage, young fruit germinates, very big to tree body moisture and nutrient consumption due to largely blooming, Cooperation top dressing is poured water, and photosynthetic efficiency can be improved, promotion young fruit expands and bud differentiation；

Fourth is that pouring water before and after fruit picking: the bud differentiation and fruit that can promote pomegranate tree increase, and have established well for high yield in next year Basis；

5.3 shortening trimming management

Because pomegranate is sensitive to pruning reaction, improperly trim, will cause tree body excessive growth or tree vigo(u)r is excessively weak, according to cultivation mode, It should be noted that the following when trimming:

5.3.1 best fruiting period fruit tree height controls

It is maintained at 2.5m or less；

5.3.2 tree body downgrades control

Pinching is carried out when young sprout grows to 10~15cm, controls long rush flower；The adventitious bud sprouted at trunk, major branch and rhizome, shadow Moulding and ventilation are rung, should be erased in time.To downgrade tree body, in the young sprout prosperous growth phase, the paclobutrazol that 200 times 15% of spray 2~3 times is molten Liquid is conducive to control long rush flower, and can reach contracting dragon into very little effect；

5.3.3 clump plants the Pruning model that achieves higher output

Clump, which is pulled open, with naturally happy type plants major branch, 2~3 side shoot of indwelling at the liftoff 20cm of each major branch, appropriate cutting back branch；

The cultivation mode 5.3.4 single plant achieves higher output

3~4 side shoot of indwelling to be truncated at the liftoff 10~20cm of trunk as trunk branch and fruitful branch is turned out, is formed and downgraded happily Type；

5.3.5 it is achieved higher output with single plant cultivation while being used as potted landscape

At 0.5~1.2m of height of seedling, different directions equilibrium cloth is divided to open, 3~4 side shoot of indwelling first layer, and so on, it is every on trunk One layer of 3~4 side shoot of indwelling at 0.5~0.8m, for the ease of general 3 layers of indwelling of management or less；

5.3.6 the summer in winter cuts combination

Cut that often result in tree vigo(u)r excessively prosperous the winter, be unfavorable for forming bud, therefore, in growth period, will also in conjunction with bud picking, turn round branch, pluck The heart dredges the measures such as the tip to adjust tree vigo(u)r；

5.3.7 cutting back wants moderate, holds in practice

Pomegranate trimming dredges based on putting so that sparse branching is gentle and removes the withered branch of aging, excessively prosperous fine and closely woven branch, the upright branch of excessive growth, slow to be laid flat oblique branch And sick branch, extend branch cutting back, but cutting back excessively be easy to cause tree vigo(u)r excessively prosperous, is unfavorable for into flower, influences single plant yield；

5.3.8 Precision management

4 years 100~150kg of raw pomegranate tree per mu yield, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 5~10；Raw pomegranate tree per mu yield in 5 years 300~ 400kg, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 15~25；800~1200kg of sexennial pomegranate tree per mu yield, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 25 ~35；7 years raw pomegranate trees reach the best fruiting period, per mu yield 2000kg or more, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 90~150；

Northern area, the above Super-high-yielding creation of pomegranate per mu yield 4000kg, needs to realize in simple plastic greenhouse, needs to feed photo-thermal, In effective accumulated temperature of growth period in the year domestic demand greater than 10 DEG C at 5000 DEG C or more；Postpone effective sunshine when number, year sunshine time exist 3000 hours or more, the sunshine time of 5~September (bloom to fruit maturation harvest) part was at 1500 hours or more；It increases warm round the clock Difference, 15 DEG C of daily difference or more；January, pomegranate needed -2~5 DEG C of athermobiosis, 15~28d of duration in winter；Meet above-mentioned etc. Primary condition can create Super-high-yielding in the north；

5.4 baggings and management

Pomegranate bush type culture is the basis of bagging, otherwise increases the amount of labour；

Bagging pericarpium granati does not have point, water stain, black mould and insect bite etc., influences the aesthetics, commodity rate and warp in fruit face Ji value；

Pomegranate bagging disadvantage is that decayed fruit and dehiscent fruit are easy when rainy season.

Solution:

Strong base of fruit spirit thickening base of fruit is sprayed in young fruit period, fruit expanding period, improves nutrient delivery amount.Anti- fallen flowers, shedding, dehiscent fruit, Mummy, malformed fruit, make that fruit color is beautiful, fruit type is beautiful, taste is good；10 days or so after spending, that is, young fruit period Quan Yuanyong smog Machine atomization " exempts from film cover bag+strong base of fruit spirit+fungicide+insecticide ", prevents and treats pest and disease damage.Insecticide use can control the small food heart of peach Worm etc. eats into fruit pest, while preventing and treating stinkbug silk worm, coccid etc.；Fungicide uses thiophanate methyl or other broad-spectrum germicides, prevents Control other diseases such as fruit dry rot；New high fat film protects fruit and blade, prevents Fruit sunburn.20 are spaced after first time medication It or so second of medication again.Anti- fruit russeting disease, anti-fruit-cracking improve fruit face colouring and brightness, reduce residual hazard and improve quality；

Cover paper bag: it is required that bagging permeability is good；Time is 35 days or so after spending, and wax paper bag can be in bagging on June 15~25, PE Film bag is in August bagging on the 5th~10；Film bag covers too early, and weather high temperature influences fruit normal growth, high temperature injury easily occurs, covers The purpose for not having disease and pest control too late；Certain bagging good using permeability；

Management after bagging: first is that the deadwood around cleaning fruit bag, stem thorn in time, it is ensured that fruit is complete with fruit bag.Second is that note Meaning prevention and treatment pest and disease damage；Bagging can be effectively controlled harm of the heart-eating worm to fruit, but the harm meeting of scale insect (pomegranate suede a red-spotted lizard), aphid The protection of cause and effect bag and aggravate, therefore intend bagging orchard, lime sulfur, phoxim should have been sprayed in advance, pest control；

6. harvesting, storage and processing

6.1 harvesting

The harvesting of pomegranate will carry out by stages according to maturity, breediness；The mark of pomegranate fruit maturation is: 1. for it is red, The pomegranate kind of yellow rind, pericarp are sufficiently coloured by green flavescence, colored species, and gloss occurs in fruit face；2. fruit rid shows；3. fruit Red or silvery white needle awns in meat cell sufficiently show, and red grain kind color reaches intrinsic degree；In northern producing region, with the autumn Divide to being Harvesting Date during Cold Dew, picks too early, weak flavor, storability is also poor；Southern pomegranate should first adopt headdress flower fruit, big Fruit is adopted after after ripening；

When picking, disease fruit and dehiscent fruit should be picked by special messenger, and centralized processing prevents disease to infect sprawling；When rainy day picks, fruit calyx Easy ponding in cylinder is easy to incur pathogen intrusion and cause to rot, should pick in fine day；When harvesting, a hand steered branch is plucked on the other hand Fruit, 1 centimetre of band or so of carpopodium, gently plucks put down gently as far as possible, pomegranate fruit is prevented to be mechanically damaged, and especially to prevent internal injury；Fruit It is squeezed and internal injury occurs, seed damage in pericarp, but do not seen from appearance；Hereafter in transporting procedures, it is crushed outflow Juice will affect remaining unbroken seed, is allowed to collapse and goes bad, loses edible value；

After fruit harvesting, disease should be rejected, hurt fruit and dehiscent fruit, the fruit for having internal injury to suspect should also be chosen early, sold immediately；

6.2 storage

The sound fruit without wound will carry out sterilization processing in time: the bactericidal effect that jujube agriculture pomegranate is antistaling agent 2 is preferable, is using concentration 1000 times；800~1000 times of liquid of 50% 1000 times of carbendazim liquid or 45% probenazole suspending agent soak fruit 3~5 minutes, after drying Storage, can be sprayed onto above-mentioned medicament on fruit face with the method for spray when reserves are big, store after drying；It 5~8 DEG C of reserve temperature, can With storage 3 months or so, -20~-40 DEG C of fast freezing storages can store for 1 anniversary.

Pomegranate in the present invention downgrade clump and plant be by 2~5 plants of every cave or a small number of single plants, using dwarfted varieties or dwarfing, Happy type trim mode, time saving and energy saving, cost-saving synergistic fast at garden speed, especially in the dense planting of pomegranate, bagging, bag taking, repair It cuts, manage, picking and provide convenience, greatly saving labour, cost-saving synergistic；

The good effect of pomegranate minimum facility cultivation is: extending the defoliation of fruit trees time, conserves tree body after pomegranate picking；Winter prevents Low temperature freezing-disaster, spring promote leaf and early send out, and the Spring Equinox to grain rains prevents cold spell in later spring, and summer and autumn prevents high temperature and humidity from inhibiting disease；It mends Light concurrent heating is easy fruit commodity rate of achieving higher output, improve, and increases mu benefit, this mode is in North Plain Region and Xinjiang region It is particularly important to promote pomegranate plantation.

The cultivation of pomegranate minimum facility is exactly the cold canopy of minimum facility or gently simplified photovoltaic facility plastic greenhouse, can be effectively provided with Effect accumulated temperature widens daily difference, extends light application time, and super juice of achieving higher output is primary to invest, and is benefited within 30 years, is the following stone Pomegranate cultivation leads industry.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments.

Pomegranate of the present invention downgrades clump cultivation or pomegranate minimum facility cultural method specific technical solution is:

1. soil selects

1.1 suitable planting area domains

Plain is suitble to minimum facility cultivation, demonstration, promotes；Pomegranate minimum facility cultivation, it is ensured that it is overwintering, resist cold spell in later spring, reduce Disease in the case of rainy season high temperature and humidity occurs；Flat-bottomed land Root growth, the high 10~20cm in ridge, 50~70cm of row spacing；

It is suitble to pomegranate to downgrade clump in 90 ° of following region on hillside or massif surrounding or the gradient to plant, steep hillslope orchard establishment implements transforming slope into terrace, Conserving water and soil is advisable；

It can all be grown on fragmentary, unoccupied place, sandy beach, hills, be suitble to pomegranate to downgrade clump in garden and its four sides and plant.

1.2 suitable soil types

Pomegranate suitable soil is relatively broad, loam, moisture soil, Shajiang black soil, paddy soils, and clay is by mixing sand 1/3~1/2 Amount improvement, the thickness of soil of improvement increase gas permeability at 0.5 meter or more；

2. variety selection

2.1 pomegranate variety selections

First is that the selection strong kind of winter resistance: being easy overwintering, anti-fall cold spell in spring.

Second is that selection highly resistance dehiscent fruit kind: reducing Cracking fruit, improve commodity rate.

Third is that selection high yield and quality variety: it is in good taste, it is suitble to fresh food or fruit color deeply dark, crushing juice rate is high, is suitble to processing Kind；

Fourth is that selecting is suitable for Cold region apple kind: dwarfing, brachyplast shape kind or dwarfing, brachyplastization trimming management, convenient for dense planting, set Bag is picked, is managed, achieving higher output, especially saving labour, reduces labor intensity.

Fifth is that suitable plant kind citing: be suitble to fresh food and the local fine quality of processing to have ' Qiu Yan ' pomegranate: high yield, it is high-quality, Middle-late ripening variety.4000 jin of best fruiting period fruit tree per mu yield or more, thin skin, grain big (100-grain weight maximum is up to 86 grams), sugar content are high (up to 21%), acid content low (as low as 0.4%), highly resistance dehiscent fruit, 5% or less Cracking fruit, 65% or more crushing juice rate, seed benevolence semihard, storage tolerance, Storage period 3 months or more；

Introduced variety: the soft seed pomegranate such as Zhong Nonghong, the soft seed of Israel (wonderful), the soft seed in Tunisia, in the higher temperature of latitude Band apparent altitude is not disease-resistant, perishable；It cultivates, promote by being promoted after demonstration cultivation or by minimum facility demonstration；

Cultivate local suitable cultivation kind, the breeding by way of discovery, sexual hybridization breeding, transgenic technology breeding, space breeding；

In terms of pomegranate transgenic breeding, transgenic breeding is carried out using the interracial gene of different pomegranates, does not have to adventitious viruses Gene carries out transgenic breeding, improves the safety of agricultural product；

2.2 kinds are numerous fastly

First is that site preparation is at furrow, furrow are 0.8~1.5 meter wide, watering, covering pore membrane, 10 × 5~8cm of density, dense planting cuttage length 6~ The pomegranate branch of 8cm, mu cuttage 10000 or more, strong sprout rate is at 8000 plants or so；Crop field is transplanted after one year seedling fallen leaves, north Side area is mostly transplanted in spring to rudiment, high survival rate or one year seedling fallen leaves after be transplanted to high 20~25cm, diameter 10~ In the degradable bag of 20cm, temporary planting is concentrated to get up, a period or season transplanting crop field in office or sale reach fast rapid-result garden；Spring Season one, biennial branch cutting or autumn green wood cutting survival rate 85% or more；

Second is that using pomegranate stem apex, blade, stem section, the tip of a root, anther position detoxication and tissue culture, high power numerous pomegranate seedlings fastly, greenhouse per acre Solid breeding is at 50000 plants or more；

3. fast short-term training garden cultivation mode

3.1 field production modes

Using the one or two or hybrid mode of following manner；

3.1.1 single plant planting type

Density (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5~3 × 3~4m, mu plant 55~150；

Dense planting (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5 × 4m, mu plant 110, and the best fruiting period transplants other crop fields after strain, convenient for fast rapid-result garden； Or it is used for potting or bonsai production；

3.1.2 more plants of clumps plant mode

This is the method that fast rapid-result garden reaches high yield, time saving and energy saving.

(1) 33 × 4 mode

It annotates: 33: hill spacing 3m, 2~5 plants of every cave, being planted with 3 plants of clumps is advisable；4: line-spacing 4m；Density (hill spacing × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu Plant 55 caves；2~5 plants of every cave；It is cultivated under normal circumstances using 3 plants, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm；

(2) mode of 33-1 × 4

It annotates: 33: hill spacing 3m, 2~5 plants of every cave；It is planted with 3 plants of clumps, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm cultivation optimal selection；- 1: every one 2~5 plants of cave clump, which is planted, becomes 1 plant of single plant cultivation；

Formed " ' 2~5 plants of clumps are planted '-' 1 plant single plant cultivation '-' 2~5 plants clumps cultivations ' " mode；4: line-spacing 4m；

Density (hill spacing × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu plant 55 caves；2~5 plants of every cave；3 plants under normal circumstances, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm Cultivation；

Dense planting (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5 × 4m, mu plant 110 caves, and when best fruiting period can transplant every cave, convenient for fast short-term training garden or potting Or bonsai production；

Wherein " -1 " single plant transplants other crop fields or potting or potted landscape quick Fabrication in the best fruiting period；

Or 3.1.3 minimum facility greenhouse cultivation mode

Mode multiplicity, to be suitble to local climate condition and sunlight-heat reaources to make full use of as standard；Minimum facility greenhouse lowest part is high 3m or more is spent, span accommodates 2~10 row fruit trees, 15 ° of the gradient or more, is convenient for winter automatic snow；

Or the other cultivation modes of 3.1.4

Transplant leek around work or pomegranate rhizosphere between pomegranate-leek: root-knot nematode is preferentially infected in leek in soil, mitigates pomegranate Root-knot nematode disease；Pomegranate crop field root-knot nematode disease is taken away by leek transplanting；

Make between the shallow pond lotus root of pomegranate-: density (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu plant 55；Shallow pond lotus root specification: width x depth × length Degree=2m × 0.3~0.5m × arbitrarily long is made between the shallow pond lotus root of pomegranate-, and lotus pool is breeded fish high efficiency, and pomegranate yield shows high yield, dehiscent fruit Rate is very low；

Work or individual companion plantings (companion planting rate 1~5%), are conducive to discovery heterosis, hybrid vigor fruit or branch between different pomegranate kinds；Different fruits Companion planting can improve fruit tree affinity, disease resistance between tree kind；

4. cultural method

4.1 plough deeply site preparation

The harvesting high-quality high-yield garden of high standard is established, the curing of ploughing deeply of soil is basis.The soil cured is ploughed deeply to pomegranate tree Root growth creates good condition, and the root system for being conducive to pomegranate tree is grown to deep subsoil；Plough deeply rear soil water content Balanced growth 7.6%, soil porosity increase by 12.66%, and edaphon increases by 1.2 times；Due to the increase of edaphon, The curing for accelerating soil makes the substance of indissoluble in soil be converted into solable matter, improves soil fertility, the soil organism And nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content significantly improve；The depth of soil deep tillage curing should be up to 60~80 centimetres, and combine and plough deeply, Shi Youji Fertilizer generally applies 2500~3000 kilograms per acre；Orchard establishment comes first to dig big cave field planting, then full garden is ploughed deeply year by year again not as good as ploughing deeply Curing；

4.2 cultural method

Plant pit specification (length x width x depth): 5~10cm of length, thickness are placed in 1 × 1 × 1m, conditional plant pit bottom Surface soil should be placed on the side in cave, cubsoil is put when digging cave by 30~50cm crop material and 30~100kg organic fertilizer or special fertilizer To the other side in cave.After cave is dug, top layer mellow soil and organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed in filling cave, lower part, by bottom cubsoil Fill out the top in people cave.Backfill transplants 1~triennial pomegranate seedlings to 50~60cm thickness, it should be noted that and root system is unfolded, can not be tortuous, With fortifield village at the cave of depth 5~10cm depth around seedling, convenient for collection rain and cave-applied fertilizer water；Dropper facility is laid after plant；

Flat-bottomed land Root growth: the high 10~20cm in ridge, 50~70cm of row spacing, ridge spacing will be convenient for draining and production operations；

It is managed after 4.3 cultivations

It to fill permeable immediately after cultivation, touch root system and soil；After water infiltration is lower, around the low bank of earth between fields and other graves to tree, It is allowed to form a mound, not only improves soil moisture conservation, and prevent tree body from shaking and by freeze injury；It covers black weeding cloth and improves ground Temperature, green weeding；

It is consistent to set strain size in guarantee garden, some interim strains can be transplanted at the edge of a field, so as to the after-culture of autumn in the coming year；

It should also keep ground moistening after cultivation, humidity keeps 70~75%, and soil drought should water in time, when the rigid rudiment of young plant, due to Individual is small, and leaf is few and small, it is easy to be caused harm by pests such as chafer, aphid, weevils, should be prevented and treated in time, also loosened the soil in time Weeding, to promote nursery stock normal growth；

5. management measure

Northern area, pomegranate mid or late March are sprouted germination, are buddingged mid-April, are bloomed at the beginning of 5 months, by the end of June, July flowering stage it is basic Terminate, mid-September to early October fruit maturation, mid-November falls leaves；Minimum facility cultivates pomegranate, and the phenological period can shift to an earlier date.

5.1 key-point management measures

5.1.1 2 month of December~next year

Based on cold-resistant, light pruning or do not trim, cave-applied fertilizer water；

5.1.2 3~April, the i.e. Spring Equinox in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)-- grain rains in Clear and Bright-

Pomegranate germination and squaring period preferential defense cold spell in later spring；Method: early warning ahead of time, smoke agent and/or the atomization of anti frozen liquid fog machine Prevention, lights smoke with frost prevention smoke agent, and cigarette is stacked at the uptake of orchard, generally 4~6 heap of orchard per acre, every heap materials 25kg or so；Frost prevention smog agent prescription, according to weight percent: 2 parts of ammonium nitrates, 7 parts of sawdusts, 1 part of diesel oil are sufficiently mixed, and use paper tube Packaging, additional damp-proof membrane；The size of cigarette heap and how much with frost intensity and depending on the duration；It is down to fruit tree when temperature and endures cold and face Start fumigation of lighting a fire when boundary's temperature, dying fire dense smoke makes entire orchard full of smoke, until temperature goes back up to critical-temperature of enduring cold or more When it is flame-out, stopping smokes cigarette；With Weibei Shaanxi walnut research and development centre and Shaanxi Zhi Qi agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd cooperative research and development " intelligent frost protection aerosol producer ", frost protection better effect；Anti frozen liquid fog machine is atomized preventive treatment: strong cold air arrives Before, fog machine is atomized the antifreezing agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose, the nutrient solutions such as atomization brassin 481, Tianda-2116, atomization " 6501 " " length Heat preserving agent is steamed in wind 3 " suppression, is attained by certain frost protection effect；

Or minimum facility cultivation prevention；

5.1.3 5~June removes first batch of flower

At this point, first batch of colored trunk infusion growth is insufficient, it is not easy to achieve higher output；Second batch of indwelling colored result；After regrowth hair, fruit Fruit is determined along with fruit thinning when the big trimming of egg, and summer disposably trims, and exempts winter pruning and greatly saves labour；Florescence is wanted Avoid spraying, to improve fruit-setting rate, can the florescence spray 0.1~0.3% borax soln or manually put bee supple-mentary pollination；

5.1.4 7~August part high temperature and humidity, the harm of Yi Fasheng disease pest

The harm of pomegranate disease pest, dehiscent fruit and mechanical damage lead to decayed fruit, and Major Diseases are dry rot, brown spot and dehiscent fruit Deng Major Pests have dichocrocis punctiferalis, small heart-eating peach worm etc.；After fruit thinning determines fruit, add 70% thiophanate methyl Quan Yuanyong with 50% phoxim Fog machine spraying once sterilizes, insecticide, carries out fruit bagging, can effectively prevent disease pest harm and mechanical damage, reduction are split Fruit；Not the pomegranate of bagging after fruit thinning determines fruit every 7~10d fog machine be atomized 40% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate methyl or M-45 is big, and raw wettable powder prevents and treats pest and disease damage, based on controlling disease, continuous 7~10 times；Fog machine prevent and treat pest and disease damage everyone 200 mu or more can be prevented and treated per hour, advantage is that ground, trunk, fruit, blade face front and back sides are all prevented and treated, and prevention and treatment is thorough Dead angle is not stayed, time and labour saving is quick；

5.1.5 mid or late June

With rainwater or irrigation, urea 10kg or so is imposed, per acre with growth promotion；

5.1.6 phosphorus, potash fertilizer are increased after August, controls nitrogenous fertilizer and moisture, promotes shoot maturation, enhance tree body winter cabbage；

Period management when 5.2 pomegranate trees are each

5.2.1 seedling management mode

Using strong sprout as main goal of attack；1.5m or more bamboo pole inserts ground 0.5m, bondage pomegranate seedlings；1~triennial pomegranate tree suggests extracing All pomegranates erase extra bud, evil, cultivate tree body, strong sprout；

The pomegranate seedlings based on achieving higher output are planted at height of seedling 20cm with clump, 2~3 side shoot of indwelling at left and right sides of trunk；In order to pipe Reason and acquisition early high-yield；

The pomegranate seedlings based on achieving higher output are cultivated at 10~20cm of height of seedling with single plant, and 3~4 side shoot of pinching indwelling is formed and downgraded Naturally happy type resulting schema, convenient for management；

It is achieved higher output with single plant cultivation, while as potted landscape, pomegranate seedlings can cover the PE pipe or pvc pipe of 0.5~1.2m high, just Different directions equilibrium cloth is divided to open, 3~4 side shoots of indwelling first layer, with this at 0.5~1.2m of height of seedling in cultivating upright trunk Analogize, on trunk at 0.5~0.8m one layer of 3~4 side shoot of indwelling, for the ease of general 3 layers of indwelling or less side shoots of management； Each layer of side shoot should be staggered, not on same stipes；

5.2.2 the fertilization type time

Summer basal dressing: this period pomegranate tree bloomed, beared fruit, fruit development and bud differentiation.Basal dressing is with organic fertilizer Based on.Such as crop material, the weeds of humic acids fertilizer, compost, muck, barnyard manure and decomposedization；

Autumn basal dressing: autumn fruit is mature, and trunk infusion consumption is very big；After fruit harvesting, i.e., it should apply fertilizer, with organic fertilizer Based on, it can mix and apply a small amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer；Autumn illumination is sufficient, and proper temperature is conducive to the accumulation of nutriment, promotes tree body Stalwartness is enriched, guarantees safe overwintering；

Compel fertilizer: basal dressing performance benefit is slow and lasting, to meet the nutrition of pomegranate tree body urgent need, it is necessary to lean on top dressing；Pomegranate compels fertilizer It can be by following 3 period top dressings；

First is that top dressing before blooming: the flowers are in blossom needs a large amount of nutrition for pomegranate, and this period can apply available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and just be able to satisfy it It blooms the needs beared fruit, improves first planting flower fruit-setting rate；

Second is that spending rear top dressing: this period young fruit starts to expand, and shoot length accelerates, and compels to apply nitrogen, phosphorus quick-acting fertilizer, can reduce young fruit It falls off, young fruit is promoted to mushroom out, improve yield；

Third is that Fruit and flower bud differentiation period top dressing: this phase young sprout stops growing, and bud starts to break up, and should impose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Tree body Photosynthetic Efficiency can be improved in fertilizer, promotes nutrition product fruit, is conducive to fruit increase and bud differentiation, improves fruit quality；

5.2.3 fertilizing method

Ring-type fertilising: treelet generally uses this method, and can combine with ploughing deeply expansion cave；In tree crown outer, 20~30 centimeters are dug wide 40~50 centimetres, organic fertilizer and soil are mixed even rear filling in the ratio of 1:3 by deep 50~60 centimetres of annular groove.It is grown with tree crown Amount expands, and annular groove extends to the outside year by year.This method is easy to operate, but more to horizontal root damage；

Or trench fertilising: tree is in the ranks or between strain or interlacing ditching-fertilizing, ditching are wide (with cyclic annular fertilising)；This method is suitable Yu Chengling tree and High Density Planting Orchard；

Or radial canal fertilising: centered on trunk, shallow outer deep ditch in 4~6 is dug outward.40~50 centimetres of ditch inner width, outer width It 60 centimetres or so, is inserted after fertilizer is mixed with soil.Next year replace the position of ditch.It is few that this method hurts root, but to avoid when ditching big Root；

Or cave-shaped fertilising: the method applied in cave can be used in the insufficient situation of organic fertilizer.Around tree crown, 40 lis of 40 cm x is dug Then farmyard manure is mixed even rear filling, the annual rotation in the position in hole in the ratio of 3:1 by the pitting of rice；

Foliage-spray: this method is simple and easy, and saving of labor saves fertilizer, and fertilizer efficiency plays a role fastly, evenly distributed, but cannot apply instead of soil Fertilizer；Pomegranate tree can be replenished in time to a large amount of nutrition required for tree body by blade spraying；Calm weather is selected to spray.Concentration It cannot arbitrarily increase, mineral element concentration is not to be exceeded 0.3%；The time of spraying, preferably at the summer morning 10 before and afternoon 4 Shi Hou, in case evaporation causes fertilizer damage fastly；

Pomegranate tree grows, blooms, result all be unable to do without the participation of water, irrigation period: to meet the needs that Growth status is developed, Whole year, which pours water, in production is divided into following 4 periods:

First is that freeze-up water: after fruit picking to soil it is freeze-up before (10~December), deep plough in conjunction with autumn, pour water after basal dressing, promote Organic matter decomposition conversion is conducive to trunk infusion accumulation, is conducive to the differentiation and development of Winter-Spring bud, is conducive to pomegranate tree and gets over safely Winter；

Second is that rudiment water: pouring water in March in spring, branch germinating energy can be enhanced, promote rudiment neat, to Spring-shoot growth, bud Development has facilitation；It is urgent that spring hits the time；

Third is that Hua Houshui: after full-bloom stage, young fruit germinates, very big to tree body moisture and nutrient consumption due to largely blooming, Cooperation top dressing is poured water, and photosynthetic efficiency can be improved, promotion young fruit expands and bud differentiation；

Fourth is that pouring water before and after fruit picking: the bud differentiation and fruit that can promote pomegranate tree increase, and have established well for high yield in next year Basis；

5.3 shortening trimming management

Because pomegranate is sensitive to pruning reaction, improperly trim, will cause tree body excessive growth or tree vigo(u)r is excessively weak, according to cultivation mode, It should be noted that the following when trimming:

5.3.1 best fruiting period fruit tree height controls

It is maintained at 2.5m or less；

5.3.2 tree body downgrades control

Pinching is carried out when young sprout grows to 10~15cm, controls long rush flower；The adventitious bud sprouted at trunk, major branch and rhizome, shadow Moulding and ventilation are rung, should be erased in time.To downgrade tree body, in the young sprout prosperous growth phase, the paclobutrazol that 200 times 15% of spray 2~3 times is molten Liquid is conducive to control long rush flower, and can reach contracting dragon into very little effect；

5.3.3 clump plants the Pruning model that achieves higher output

Clump, which is pulled open, with naturally happy type plants major branch, 2~3 side shoot of indwelling at the liftoff 20cm of each major branch, appropriate cutting back branch；

The cultivation mode 5.3.4 single plant achieves higher output

3~4 side shoot of indwelling to be truncated at the liftoff 10~20cm of trunk as trunk branch and fruitful branch is turned out, is formed and downgraded happily Type；

5.3.5 it is achieved higher output with single plant cultivation while being used as potted landscape

At 0.5~1.2m of height of seedling, different directions equilibrium cloth is divided to open, 3~4 side shoot of indwelling first layer, and so on, it is every on trunk One layer of 3~4 side shoot of indwelling at 0.5~0.8m, for the ease of general 3 layers of indwelling of management or less；

5.3.6 the summer in winter cuts combination

Cut that often result in tree vigo(u)r excessively prosperous the winter, be unfavorable for forming bud, therefore, in growth period, will also in conjunction with bud picking, turn round branch, pluck The heart dredges the measures such as the tip to adjust tree vigo(u)r；

5.3.7 cutting back wants moderate, holds in practice

Pomegranate trimming dredges based on putting so that sparse branching is gentle and removes the withered branch of aging, excessively prosperous fine and closely woven branch, the upright branch of excessive growth, slow to be laid flat oblique branch And sick branch, extend branch cutting back, but cutting back excessively be easy to cause tree vigo(u)r excessively prosperous, is unfavorable for into flower, influences single plant yield；

5.3.8 Precision management

4 years 100~150kg of raw pomegranate tree per mu yield, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 5~10；Raw pomegranate tree per mu yield in 5 years 300~ 400kg, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 15~25；800~1200kg of sexennial pomegranate tree per mu yield, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 25 ~35；7 years raw pomegranate trees reach the best fruiting period, per mu yield 2000kg or more, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 90~150；

Northern area, the above Super-high-yielding creation of pomegranate per mu yield 4000kg, needs to realize in simple plastic greenhouse, needs to feed photo-thermal, In effective accumulated temperature of growth period in the year domestic demand greater than 10 DEG C at 5000 DEG C or more；Postpone effective sunshine when number, year sunshine time exist 3000 hours or more, the sunshine time of 5~September (bloom to fruit maturation harvest) part was at 1500 hours or more；It increases warm round the clock Difference, 15 DEG C of daily difference or more；January, pomegranate needed -2~5 DEG C of athermobiosis, 15~28d of duration in winter；Meet above-mentioned etc. Primary condition can create Super-high-yielding in the north；

5.4 baggings and management

Pomegranate bush type culture is the basis of bagging, otherwise increases the amount of labour；

Bagging pericarpium granati does not have point, water stain, black mould and insect bite etc., influences the aesthetics, commodity rate and warp in fruit face Ji value；

Pomegranate bagging disadvantage is that decayed fruit and dehiscent fruit are easy when rainy season.

Solution:

Strong base of fruit spirit thickening base of fruit is sprayed in young fruit period, fruit expanding period, improves nutrient delivery amount.Anti- fallen flowers, shedding, dehiscent fruit, Mummy, malformed fruit, make that fruit color is beautiful, fruit type is beautiful, taste is good；10 days or so after spending, that is, young fruit period Quan Yuanyong smog Machine atomization " exempts from film cover bag+strong base of fruit spirit+fungicide+insecticide ", prevents and treats pest and disease damage.Insecticide use can control the small food heart of peach Worm etc. eats into fruit pest, while preventing and treating stinkbug silk worm, coccid etc.；Fungicide uses thiophanate methyl or other broad-spectrum germicides, prevents Control other diseases such as fruit dry rot；New high fat film protects fruit and blade, prevents Fruit sunburn.20 are spaced after first time medication It or so second of medication again.Anti- fruit russeting disease, anti-fruit-cracking improve fruit face colouring and brightness, reduce residual hazard and improve quality；

Cover paper bag: it is required that bagging permeability is good；Time is 35 days or so after spending, and wax paper bag can be in bagging on June 15~25, PE Film bag is in August bagging on the 5th~10；Film bag covers too early, and weather high temperature influences fruit normal growth, high temperature injury easily occurs, covers The purpose for not having disease and pest control too late；Certain bagging good using permeability；

Management after bagging: first is that the deadwood around cleaning fruit bag, stem thorn in time, it is ensured that fruit is complete with fruit bag.Second is that note Meaning prevention and treatment pest and disease damage；Bagging can be effectively controlled harm of the heart-eating worm to fruit, but the harm meeting of scale insect (pomegranate suede a red-spotted lizard), aphid The protection of cause and effect bag and aggravate, therefore intend bagging orchard, lime sulfur, phoxim should have been sprayed in advance, pest control；

6. harvesting, storage and processing

6.1 harvesting

The harvesting of pomegranate will carry out by stages according to maturity, breediness；The mark of pomegranate fruit maturation is: 1. for it is red, The pomegranate kind of yellow rind, pericarp are sufficiently coloured by green flavescence, colored species, and gloss occurs in fruit face；2. fruit rid shows；3. fruit Red or silvery white needle awns in meat cell sufficiently show, and red grain kind color reaches intrinsic degree；In northern producing region, with the autumn Divide to being Harvesting Date during Cold Dew, picks too early, weak flavor, storability is also poor；Southern pomegranate should first adopt headdress flower fruit, big Fruit is adopted after after ripening；

When picking, disease fruit and dehiscent fruit should be picked by special messenger, and centralized processing prevents disease to infect sprawling；When rainy day picks, fruit calyx Easy ponding in cylinder is easy to incur pathogen intrusion and cause to rot, should pick in fine day；When harvesting, a hand steered branch is plucked on the other hand Fruit, 1 centimetre of band or so of carpopodium, gently plucks put down gently as far as possible, pomegranate fruit is prevented to be mechanically damaged, and especially to prevent internal injury；Fruit It is squeezed and internal injury occurs, seed damage in pericarp, but do not seen from appearance；Hereafter in transporting procedures, it is crushed outflow Juice will affect remaining unbroken seed, is allowed to collapse and goes bad, loses edible value；

After fruit harvesting, disease should be rejected, hurt fruit and dehiscent fruit, the fruit for having internal injury to suspect should also be chosen early, sold immediately；

6.2 storage

The sound fruit without wound will carry out sterilization processing in time: the bactericidal effect that jujube agriculture pomegranate is antistaling agent 2 is preferable, is using concentration 1000 times；800~1000 times of liquid of 50% 1000 times of carbendazim liquid or 45% probenazole suspending agent soak fruit 3~5 minutes, after drying Storage, can be sprayed onto above-mentioned medicament on fruit face with the method for spray when reserves are big, store after drying；It 5~8 DEG C of reserve temperature, can With storage 3 months or so, -20~-40 DEG C of fast freezing storages can store for 1 anniversary；

6.3 processing

Roughing: using pomegranate product as the processing of raw material: juice of my pomegranate, pomegranate inspissated juice, pomegranate milk, pomegranate thin pancake, pomegranate black tea, Pomegranate oolong tea, pomegranate Pu'er tea and pomegranate food etc.；

Deep processing: using pomegranate rough-wrought product as the processing of raw material: pomegranate white wine, pomegranate red wine, Pomegranate vinegar, pomegranate piece electuary, Juice of my pomegranate lozenge, pomegranate seed essential oil and health-care granada product, food additives, dyestuff etc.；

Finishing: using pomegranate, thick, deep processed product is the processing of raw material: pomegranate nitric oxide beverage, pomegranate cosmetics, pomegranate are washed Face milk, pomegranate XIAOSHI PIAN, pomegranate vigour, the big elder sister of pomegranate and pomegranate functional product, pomegranate drug etc.；

7. based on internet+pomegranate platform market development

Pomegranate is precious from head to foot, is not simple trophism fruit, and should treat and publicize using pomegranate as functional fruit, face Centering high consumption crowd establishes enterprise exclusive " internet+pomegranate ", this " pomegranate " must have base, product to rely on, have " Internet of Things+pomegranate " of entity is not imitated, is depended on the platform of the nihility such as " Alibaba ", " Taobao ", be created that and belong to certainly The market internet marketing platform of oneself entity, increases taxes and social employment, benefits the nation and the people.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of pomegranate downgrades clump cultivation or pomegranate minimum facility cultural method, it is characterized in that:

1. soil selects

1.1 suitable planting area domains

Plain is suitble to minimum facility cultivation, demonstration, promotes；Pomegranate minimum facility cultivation, it is ensured that it is overwintering, resist cold spell in later spring, reduce Disease in the case of rainy season high temperature and humidity occurs；Flat-bottomed land Root growth, the high 10~20cm in ridge, 50~70cm of row spacing；

It is suitble to pomegranate to downgrade clump in 90 ° of following region on hillside or massif surrounding or the gradient to plant, steep hillslope orchard establishment implements transforming slope into terrace, Conserving water and soil is advisable；

It can all be grown on fragmentary, unoccupied place, sandy beach, hills, be suitble to pomegranate to downgrade clump in garden and its four sides and plant.

1.2 suitable soil types

Pomegranate suitable soil is relatively broad, loam, moisture soil, Shajiang black soil, paddy soils, and clay is by mixing sand 1/3~1/2 Amount improvement, the thickness of soil of improvement increase gas permeability at 0.5 meter or more；

2. variety selection

2.1 pomegranate variety selections

First is that the selection strong kind of winter resistance: being easy overwintering, anti-fall cold spell in spring.

Second is that selection highly resistance dehiscent fruit kind: reducing Cracking fruit, improve commodity rate.

Third is that selection high yield and quality variety: it is in good taste, it is suitble to fresh food or fruit color deeply dark, crushing juice rate is high, is suitble to processing variety；

Fourth is that selecting is suitable for Cold region apple kind: dwarfing, brachyplast shape kind or dwarfing, brachyplastization trimming management, convenient for dense planting, set Bag is picked, is managed, achieving higher output, especially saving labour, reduces labor intensity.

Fifth is that suitable plant kind citing: being suitble to fresh food and the local fine quality of processing to have ' Qiu Yan ' pomegranate: high yield, high-quality, middle evening Cooked food kind.4000 jin of best fruiting period fruit tree per mu yield or more, thin skin, grain big (100-grain weight maximum is up to 86 grams), sugar content are high (up to 21%), acid content low (as low as 0.4%), highly resistance dehiscent fruit, 5% or less Cracking fruit, 65% or more crushing juice rate, seed benevolence semihard, storage tolerance, Storage period 3 months or more；

Introduced variety: the soft seed pomegranate such as Zhong Nonghong, the soft seed of Israel (wonderful), the soft seed in Tunisia, in the higher temperature of latitude Band apparent altitude is not disease-resistant, perishable；It cultivates, promote by being promoted after demonstration cultivation or by minimum facility demonstration；

Cultivate local suitable cultivation kind, the breeding by way of discovery, sexual hybridization breeding, transgenic technology breeding, space breeding；

In terms of pomegranate transgenic breeding, transgenic breeding is carried out using the interracial gene of different pomegranates, does not have to adventitious viruses Gene carries out transgenic breeding, improves the safety of agricultural product；

2.2 kinds are numerous fastly

First is that site preparation is at furrow, furrow are 0.8~1.5 meter wide, watering, covering pore membrane, 10 × 5~8cm of density, dense planting cuttage length 6~ The pomegranate branch of 8cm, mu cuttage 10000 or more, strong sprout rate is at 8000 plants or so；Crop field is transplanted after one year seedling fallen leaves, north Side area is mostly transplanted in spring to rudiment, high survival rate or one year seedling fallen leaves after be transplanted to high 20~25cm, diameter 10~ In the degradable bag of 20cm, temporary planting is concentrated to get up, a period or season transplanting crop field in office or sale reach fast rapid-result garden；Spring Season one, biennial branch cutting or autumn green wood cutting survival rate 85% or more；

Second is that using pomegranate stem apex, blade, stem section, the tip of a root, anther position detoxication and tissue culture, high power numerous pomegranate seedlings fastly, greenhouse per acre Solid breeding is at 50000 plants or more；

3. fast short-term training garden cultivation mode

3.1 field production modes

Using the one or two or hybrid mode of following manner；

3.1.1 single plant planting type

Density (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5~3 × 3~4m, mu plant 55~150；

Dense planting (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5 × 4m, mu plant 110, and the best fruiting period transplants other crop fields after strain, convenient for fast rapid-result garden； Or it is used for potting or bonsai production；

3.1.2 more plants of clumps plant mode

This is the method that fast rapid-result garden reaches high yield, time saving and energy saving.

(1) 33 × 4 mode

It annotates: 33: hill spacing 3m, 2~5 plants of every cave, being planted with 3 plants of clumps is advisable；4: line-spacing 4m；Density (hill spacing × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu Plant 55 caves；2~5 plants of every cave；It is cultivated under normal circumstances using 3 plants, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm；

(2) mode of 33-1 × 4

It annotates: 33: hill spacing 3m, 2~5 plants of every cave；It is planted with 3 plants of clumps, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm cultivation optimal selection；- 1: every one 2~5 plants of cave clump, which is planted, becomes 1 plant of single plant cultivation；

Formed " ' 2~5 plants of clumps are planted '-' 1 plant single plant cultivation '-' 2~5 plants clumps cultivations ' " mode；4: line-spacing 4m；

Density (hill spacing × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu plant 55 caves；2~5 plants of every cave；3 plants under normal circumstances, two-by-two at a distance of 10~20cm Cultivation；

Dense planting (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 1.5 × 4m, mu plant 110 caves, and when best fruiting period can transplant every cave, convenient for fast short-term training garden or potting Or bonsai production；

Wherein " -1 " single plant transplants other crop fields or potting or potted landscape quick Fabrication in the best fruiting period；

Or 3.1.3 minimum facility greenhouse cultivation mode

Mode multiplicity, to be suitble to local climate condition and sunlight-heat reaources to make full use of as standard；Minimum facility greenhouse lowest part is high 3m or more is spent, span accommodates 2~10 row fruit trees, 15 ° of the gradient or more, is convenient for winter automatic snow；

Or the other cultivation modes of 3.1.4

Transplant leek around work or pomegranate rhizosphere between pomegranate-leek: root-knot nematode is preferentially infected in leek in soil, mitigates pomegranate Root-knot nematode disease；Pomegranate crop field root-knot nematode disease is taken away by leek transplanting；

Make between the shallow pond lotus root of pomegranate-: density (spacing in the rows × line-spacing) 3 × 4m, mu plant 55；Shallow pond lotus root specification: width x depth × length Degree=2m × 0.3~0.5m × arbitrarily long is made between the shallow pond lotus root of pomegranate-, and lotus pool is breeded fish high efficiency, and pomegranate yield shows high yield, dehiscent fruit Rate is very low；

Work or individual companion plantings (companion planting rate 1~5%), are conducive to discovery heterosis, hybrid vigor fruit or branch between different pomegranate kinds；Different fruits Companion planting can improve fruit tree affinity, disease resistance between tree kind；

4. cultural method

4.1 plough deeply site preparation

The harvesting high-quality high-yield garden of high standard is established, the curing of ploughing deeply of soil is basis.The soil cured is ploughed deeply to pomegranate tree Root growth creates good condition, and the root system for being conducive to pomegranate tree is grown to deep subsoil；Plough deeply rear soil water content Balanced growth 7.6%, soil porosity increase by 12.66%, and edaphon increases by 1.2 times；Due to the increase of edaphon, The curing for accelerating soil makes the substance of indissoluble in soil be converted into solable matter, improves soil fertility, the soil organism And nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content significantly improve；The depth of soil deep tillage curing should be up to 60~80 centimetres, and combine and plough deeply, Shi Youji Fertilizer generally applies 2500~3000 kilograms per acre；Orchard establishment comes first to dig big cave field planting, then full garden is ploughed deeply year by year again not as good as ploughing deeply Curing；

4.2 cultural method

Plant pit specification (length x width x depth): 5~10cm of length, thickness are placed in 1 × 1 × 1m, conditional plant pit bottom Surface soil should be placed on the side in cave, cubsoil is put when digging cave by 30~50cm crop material and 30~100kg organic fertilizer or special fertilizer To the other side in cave.After cave is dug, top layer mellow soil and organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed in filling cave, lower part, by bottom cubsoil Fill out the top in people cave.Backfill transplants 1~triennial pomegranate seedlings to 50~60cm thickness, it should be noted that and root system is unfolded, can not be tortuous, With fortifield village at the cave of depth 5~10cm depth around seedling, convenient for collection rain and cave-applied fertilizer water；Dropper facility is laid after plant；

Flat-bottomed land Root growth: the high 10~20cm in ridge, 50~70cm of row spacing, ridge spacing will be convenient for draining and production operations；

It is managed after 4.3 cultivations

It to fill permeable immediately after cultivation, touch root system and soil；After water infiltration is lower, around the low bank of earth between fields and other graves to tree, It is allowed to form a mound, not only improves soil moisture conservation, and prevent tree body from shaking and by freeze injury；It covers black weeding cloth and improves ground Temperature, green weeding；

It is consistent to set strain size in guarantee garden, some interim strains can be transplanted at the edge of a field, so as to the after-culture of autumn in the coming year；

It should also keep ground moistening after cultivation, humidity keeps 70~75%, and soil drought should water in time, when the rigid rudiment of young plant, due to Individual is small, and leaf is few and small, it is easy to be caused harm by pests such as chafer, aphid, weevils, should be prevented and treated in time, also loosened the soil in time Weeding, to promote nursery stock normal growth；

5. management measure

Northern area, pomegranate mid or late March are sprouted germination, are buddingged mid-April, are bloomed at the beginning of 5 months, by the end of June, July flowering stage it is basic Terminate, mid-September to early October fruit maturation, mid-November falls leaves；Minimum facility cultivates pomegranate, and the phenological period can shift to an earlier date.

5.1 key-point management measures

5.1.1 2 month of December~next year

Based on cold-resistant, light pruning or do not trim, cave-applied fertilizer water；

5.1.2 3~April, the i.e. Spring Equinox in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)-- grain rains in Clear and Bright-

Pomegranate germination and squaring period preferential defense cold spell in later spring；Method: early warning ahead of time, smoke agent and/or the atomization of anti frozen liquid fog machine Prevention, lights smoke with frost prevention smoke agent, and cigarette is stacked at the uptake of orchard, generally 4~6 heap of orchard per acre, every heap materials 25kg or so；Frost prevention smog agent prescription, according to weight percent: 2 parts of ammonium nitrates, 7 parts of sawdusts, 1 part of diesel oil are sufficiently mixed, and use paper tube Packaging, additional damp-proof membrane；The size of cigarette heap and how much with frost intensity and depending on the duration；It is down to fruit tree when temperature and endures cold and face Start fumigation of lighting a fire when boundary's temperature, dying fire dense smoke makes entire orchard full of smoke, until temperature goes back up to critical-temperature of enduring cold or more When it is flame-out, stopping smokes cigarette；With Weibei Shaanxi walnut research and development centre and Shaanxi Zhi Qi agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd cooperative research and development " intelligent frost protection aerosol producer ", frost protection better effect；Anti frozen liquid fog machine is atomized preventive treatment: strong cold air arrives Before, fog machine is atomized the antifreezing agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose, the nutrient solutions such as atomization brassin 481, Tianda-2116, atomization " 6501 " " length Heat preserving agent is steamed in wind 3 " suppression, is attained by certain frost protection effect；

Or minimum facility cultivation prevention；

5.1.3 5~June removes first batch of flower

At this point, first batch of colored trunk infusion growth is insufficient, it is not easy to achieve higher output；Second batch of indwelling colored result；After regrowth hair, fruit Fruit is determined along with fruit thinning when the big trimming of egg, and summer disposably trims, and exempts winter pruning and greatly saves labour；Florescence is wanted Avoid spraying, to improve fruit-setting rate, can the florescence spray 0.1~0.3% borax soln or manually put bee supple-mentary pollination；

5.1.4 7~August part high temperature and humidity, the harm of Yi Fasheng disease pest

The harm of pomegranate disease pest, dehiscent fruit and mechanical damage lead to decayed fruit, and Major Diseases are dry rot, brown spot and dehiscent fruit Deng Major Pests have dichocrocis punctiferalis, small heart-eating peach worm etc.；After fruit thinning determines fruit, add 70% thiophanate methyl Quan Yuanyong with 50% phoxim Fog machine spraying once sterilizes, insecticide, carries out fruit bagging, can effectively prevent disease pest harm and mechanical damage, reduction are split Fruit；Not the pomegranate of bagging after fruit thinning determines fruit every 7~10d fog machine be atomized 40% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate methyl or M-45 is big, and raw wettable powder prevents and treats pest and disease damage, based on controlling disease, continuous 7~10 times；Fog machine prevent and treat pest and disease damage everyone 200 mu or more can be prevented and treated per hour, advantage is that ground, trunk, fruit, blade face front and back sides are all prevented and treated, and prevention and treatment is thorough Dead angle is not stayed, time and labour saving is quick；

5.1.5 mid or late June

With rainwater or irrigation, urea 10kg or so is imposed, per acre with growth promotion；

5.1.6 phosphorus, potash fertilizer are increased after August, controls nitrogenous fertilizer and moisture, promotes shoot maturation, enhance tree body winter cabbage；

Period management when 5.2 pomegranate trees are each

5.2.1 seedling management mode

Using strong sprout as main goal of attack；1.5m or more bamboo pole inserts ground 0.5m, bondage pomegranate seedlings；1~triennial pomegranate tree suggests extracing All pomegranates erase extra bud, evil, cultivate tree body, strong sprout；

The pomegranate seedlings based on achieving higher output are planted at height of seedling 20cm with clump, 2~3 side shoot of indwelling at left and right sides of trunk；In order to pipe Reason and acquisition early high-yield；

The pomegranate seedlings based on achieving higher output are cultivated at 10~20cm of height of seedling with single plant, and 3~4 side shoot of pinching indwelling is formed and downgraded Naturally happy type resulting schema, convenient for management；

It is achieved higher output with single plant cultivation, while as potted landscape, pomegranate seedlings can cover the PE pipe or pvc pipe of 0.5~1.2m high, just Different directions equilibrium cloth is divided to open, 3~4 side shoots of indwelling first layer, with this at 0.5~1.2m of height of seedling in cultivating upright trunk Analogize, on trunk at 0.5~0.8m one layer of 3~4 side shoot of indwelling, for the ease of general 3 layers of indwelling or less side shoots of management； Each layer of side shoot should be staggered, not on same stipes；

5.2.2 the fertilization type time

Summer basal dressing: this period pomegranate tree bloomed, beared fruit, fruit development and bud differentiation.Basal dressing is with organic fertilizer Based on.Such as crop material, the weeds of humic acids fertilizer, compost, muck, barnyard manure and decomposedization；

Autumn basal dressing: autumn fruit is mature, and trunk infusion consumption is very big；After fruit harvesting, i.e., it should apply fertilizer, with organic fertilizer Based on, it can mix and apply a small amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer；Autumn illumination is sufficient, and proper temperature is conducive to the accumulation of nutriment, promotes tree body Stalwartness is enriched, guarantees safe overwintering；

Compel fertilizer: basal dressing performance benefit is slow and lasting, to meet the nutrition of pomegranate tree body urgent need, it is necessary to lean on top dressing；Pomegranate compels fertilizer It can be by following 3 period top dressings；

First is that top dressing before blooming: the flowers are in blossom needs a large amount of nutrition for pomegranate, and this period can apply available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and just be able to satisfy it It blooms the needs beared fruit, improves first planting flower fruit-setting rate；

Second is that spending rear top dressing: this period young fruit starts to expand, and shoot length accelerates, and compels to apply nitrogen, phosphorus quick-acting fertilizer, can reduce young fruit It falls off, young fruit is promoted to mushroom out, improve yield；

Third is that Fruit and flower bud differentiation period top dressing: this phase young sprout stops growing, and bud starts to break up, and should impose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Tree body Photosynthetic Efficiency can be improved in fertilizer, promotes nutrition product fruit, is conducive to fruit increase and bud differentiation, improves fruit quality；

5.2.3 fertilizing method

Ring-type fertilising: treelet generally uses this method, and can combine with ploughing deeply expansion cave；In tree crown outer, 20~30 centimeters are dug wide 40~50 centimetres, organic fertilizer and soil are mixed even rear filling in the ratio of 1:3 by deep 50~60 centimetres of annular groove.It is grown with tree crown Amount expands, and annular groove extends to the outside year by year.This method is easy to operate, but more to horizontal root damage；

Or trench fertilising: tree is in the ranks or between strain or interlacing ditching-fertilizing, ditching are wide (with cyclic annular fertilising)；This method is suitable Yu Chengling tree and High Density Planting Orchard；

Or radial canal fertilising: centered on trunk, shallow outer deep ditch in 4~6 is dug outward.40~50 centimetres of ditch inner width, outer width It 60 centimetres or so, is inserted after fertilizer is mixed with soil.Next year replace the position of ditch.It is few that this method hurts root, but to avoid when ditching big Root；

Or cave-shaped fertilising: the method applied in cave can be used in the insufficient situation of organic fertilizer.Around tree crown, 40 lis of 40 cm x is dug Then farmyard manure is mixed even rear filling, the annual rotation in the position in hole in the ratio of 3:1 by the pitting of rice；

Foliage-spray: this method is simple and easy, and saving of labor saves fertilizer, and fertilizer efficiency plays a role fastly, evenly distributed, but cannot apply instead of soil Fertilizer；Pomegranate tree can be replenished in time to a large amount of nutrition required for tree body by blade spraying；Calm weather is selected to spray.Concentration It cannot arbitrarily increase, mineral element concentration is not to be exceeded 0.3%；The time of spraying, preferably at the summer morning 10 before and afternoon 4 Shi Hou, in case evaporation causes fertilizer damage fastly；

Pomegranate tree grows, blooms, result all be unable to do without the participation of water, irrigation period: to meet the needs that Growth status is developed, Whole year, which pours water, in production is divided into following 4 periods:

First is that freeze-up water: after fruit picking to soil it is freeze-up before (10~December), deep plough in conjunction with autumn, pour water after basal dressing, promote Organic matter decomposition conversion is conducive to trunk infusion accumulation, is conducive to the differentiation and development of Winter-Spring bud, is conducive to pomegranate tree and gets over safely Winter；

Second is that rudiment water: pouring water in March in spring, branch germinating energy can be enhanced, promote rudiment neat, to Spring-shoot growth, bud Development has facilitation；It is urgent that spring hits the time；

Third is that Hua Houshui: after full-bloom stage, young fruit germinates, very big to tree body moisture and nutrient consumption due to largely blooming, Cooperation top dressing is poured water, and photosynthetic efficiency can be improved, promotion young fruit expands and bud differentiation；

Fourth is that pouring water before and after fruit picking: the bud differentiation and fruit that can promote pomegranate tree increase, and have established well for high yield in next year Basis；

5.3 shortening trimming management

Because pomegranate is sensitive to pruning reaction, improperly trim, will cause tree body excessive growth or tree vigo(u)r is excessively weak, according to cultivation mode, It should be noted that the following when trimming:

5.3.1 best fruiting period fruit tree height controls

It is maintained at 2.5m or less；

5.3.2 tree body downgrades control

Pinching is carried out when young sprout grows to 10~15cm, controls long rush flower；The adventitious bud sprouted at trunk, major branch and rhizome, shadow Moulding and ventilation are rung, should be erased in time.To downgrade tree body, in the young sprout prosperous growth phase, the paclobutrazol that 200 times 15% of spray 2~3 times is molten Liquid is conducive to control long rush flower, and can reach contracting dragon into very little effect；

5.3.3 clump plants the Pruning model that achieves higher output

Clump, which is pulled open, with naturally happy type plants major branch, 2~3 side shoot of indwelling at the liftoff 20cm of each major branch, appropriate cutting back branch；

The cultivation mode 5.3.4 single plant achieves higher output

3~4 side shoot of indwelling to be truncated at the liftoff 10~20cm of trunk as trunk branch and fruitful branch is turned out, is formed and downgraded happily Type；

5.3.5 it is achieved higher output with single plant cultivation while being used as potted landscape

At 0.5~1.2m of height of seedling, different directions equilibrium cloth is divided to open, 3~4 side shoot of indwelling first layer, and so on, it is every on trunk One layer of 3~4 side shoot of indwelling at 0.5~0.8m, for the ease of general 3 layers of indwelling of management or less；

5.3.6 the summer in winter cuts combination

Cut that often result in tree vigo(u)r excessively prosperous the winter, be unfavorable for forming bud, therefore, in growth period, will also in conjunction with bud picking, turn round branch, pluck The heart dredges the measures such as the tip to adjust tree vigo(u)r；

5.3.7 cutting back wants moderate, holds in practice

Pomegranate trimming dredges based on putting so that sparse branching is gentle and removes the withered branch of aging, excessively prosperous fine and closely woven branch, the upright branch of excessive growth, slow to be laid flat oblique branch And sick branch, extend branch cutting back, but cutting back excessively be easy to cause tree vigo(u)r excessively prosperous, is unfavorable for into flower, influences single plant yield；

5.3.8 Precision management

4 years 100~150kg of raw pomegranate tree per mu yield, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 5~10；Raw pomegranate tree per mu yield in 5 years 300~ 400kg, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 15~25；800~1200kg of sexennial pomegranate tree per mu yield, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 25 ~35；7 years raw pomegranate trees reach the best fruiting period, per mu yield 2000kg or more, single plant (cave) fruiting quantities 90~150；

Northern area, the above Super-high-yielding creation of pomegranate per mu yield 4000kg, needs to realize in simple plastic greenhouse, needs to feed photo-thermal, In effective accumulated temperature of growth period in the year domestic demand greater than 10 DEG C at 5000 DEG C or more；Postpone effective sunshine when number, year sunshine time exist 3000 hours or more, the sunshine time of 5~September (bloom to fruit maturation harvest) part was at 1500 hours or more；It increases warm round the clock Difference, 15 DEG C of daily difference or more；January, pomegranate needed -2~5 DEG C of athermobiosis, 15~28d of duration in winter；Meet above-mentioned etc. Primary condition can create Super-high-yielding in the north；

5.4 baggings and management

Pomegranate bush type culture is the basis of bagging, otherwise increases the amount of labour；

Bagging pericarpium granati does not have point, water stain, black mould and insect bite etc., influences the aesthetics, commodity rate and warp in fruit face Ji value；

Pomegranate bagging disadvantage is that decayed fruit and dehiscent fruit are easy when rainy season.

Solution:

Strong base of fruit spirit thickening base of fruit is sprayed in young fruit period, fruit expanding period, improves nutrient delivery amount.Anti- fallen flowers, shedding, dehiscent fruit, Mummy, malformed fruit, make that fruit color is beautiful, fruit type is beautiful, taste is good；10 days or so after spending, that is, young fruit period Quan Yuanyong smog Machine atomization " exempts from film cover bag+strong base of fruit spirit+fungicide+insecticide ", prevents and treats pest and disease damage.Insecticide use can control the small food heart of peach Worm etc. eats into fruit pest, while preventing and treating stinkbug silk worm, coccid etc.；Fungicide uses thiophanate methyl or other broad-spectrum germicides, prevents Control other diseases such as fruit dry rot；New high fat film protects fruit and blade, prevents Fruit sunburn.20 are spaced after first time medication It or so second of medication again.Anti- fruit russeting disease, anti-fruit-cracking improve fruit face colouring and brightness, reduce residual hazard and improve quality；

Cover paper bag: it is required that bagging permeability is good；Time is 35 days or so after spending, and wax paper bag can be in bagging on June 15~25, PE Film bag is in August bagging on the 5th~10；Film bag covers too early, and weather high temperature influences fruit normal growth, high temperature injury easily occurs, covers The purpose for not having disease and pest control too late；Certain bagging good using permeability；

Management after bagging: first is that the deadwood around cleaning fruit bag, stem thorn in time, it is ensured that fruit is complete with fruit bag.Second is that note Meaning prevention and treatment pest and disease damage；Bagging can be effectively controlled harm of the heart-eating worm to fruit, but the harm meeting of scale insect (pomegranate suede a red-spotted lizard), aphid The protection of cause and effect bag and aggravate, therefore intend bagging orchard, lime sulfur, phoxim should have been sprayed in advance, pest control；

6. harvesting, storage and processing

6.1 harvesting

The harvesting of pomegranate will carry out by stages according to maturity, breediness；The mark of pomegranate fruit maturation is: 1. for it is red, The pomegranate kind of yellow rind, pericarp are sufficiently coloured by green flavescence, colored species, and gloss occurs in fruit face；2. fruit rid shows；3. fruit Red or silvery white needle awns in meat cell sufficiently show, and red grain kind color reaches intrinsic degree；In northern producing region, with the autumn Divide to being Harvesting Date during Cold Dew, picks too early, weak flavor, storability is also poor；Southern pomegranate should first adopt headdress flower fruit, big Fruit is adopted after after ripening；

When picking, disease fruit and dehiscent fruit should be picked by special messenger, and centralized processing prevents disease to infect sprawling；When rainy day picks, fruit calyx Easy ponding in cylinder is easy to incur pathogen intrusion and cause to rot, should pick in fine day；When harvesting, a hand steered branch is plucked on the other hand Fruit, 1 centimetre of band or so of carpopodium, gently plucks put down gently as far as possible, pomegranate fruit is prevented to be mechanically damaged, and especially to prevent internal injury；Fruit It is squeezed and internal injury occurs, seed damage in pericarp, but do not seen from appearance；Hereafter in transporting procedures, it is crushed outflow Juice will affect remaining unbroken seed, is allowed to collapse and goes bad, loses edible value；

After fruit harvesting, disease should be rejected, hurt fruit and dehiscent fruit, the fruit for having internal injury to suspect should also be chosen early, sold immediately；

6.2 storage

The sound fruit without wound will carry out sterilization processing in time: the bactericidal effect that jujube agriculture pomegranate is antistaling agent 2 is preferable, is using concentration 1000 times；800~1000 times of liquid of 50% 1000 times of carbendazim liquid or 45% probenazole suspending agent soak fruit 3~5 minutes, after drying Storage, can be sprayed onto above-mentioned medicament on fruit face with the method for spray when reserves are big, store after drying；It 5~8 DEG C of reserve temperature, can With storage 3 months or so, -20~-40 DEG C of fast freezing storages can store for 1 anniversary.