CN103125243A - Method for raising seedlings of camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings of camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103125243A CN103125243A CN2013100748450A CN201310074845A CN103125243A CN 103125243 A CN103125243 A CN 103125243A CN 2013100748450 A CN2013100748450 A CN 2013100748450A CN 201310074845 A CN201310074845 A CN 201310074845A CN 103125243 A CN103125243 A CN 103125243A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for raising seedlings of camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting. By the aid of the method, study for supporting technologies for raising the seedlings of the camellia chrysantha plants by top grafting is carried out in the aspects such as scion, rootstock selection and processing, the grafting time, culture conditions and matters needing attention, and in order to achieve purposes of increasing a survival rate and cultivating excellent strains with both ornamental value and medicinal value, a plurality of key links are improved in an emphasized manner and include that (1), large tea-oil trees at tree ages of 60-80 years are selected as rootstocks; (2), scion cuts are subjected to wax sealing processing in a scion storage period; and (3), as the rootstocks are large and are high in drying degree and crowns of the rootstocks are large, an independent spatial protection measure is adopted after grafting, in other words, protective covers are manufactured according to sizes of the trees. The method has the advantages that problems of low quantity of existing wild camellia chrysantha, extremely low fruit rate, long seedling stage duration, low emergence rate and the like in the prior art are solved, the reproductive cycle of camellia chrysantha can be shortened, seedlings can be yielded from a garden in a period ranging from half a year to a year, the survival rate can reach 95% at least, and the excellent strains with both the ornamental value and the medicinal value can be cultivated within the shortest time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation field of economic forest, relate to cuttage breeding method medicinal, ornamental plants, more specifically relate to a kind of method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima (
Camellia chrysantha) be Theaceae (
Theaceae) Camellia (
Camellia) the Camellia nitidissima group (
Sect .Chrysantha) plant; mainly be distributed in Yongning county, Guangxi; to contain special yellow Color gene KNA very rare in vegetative kingdom due to it; filled up the blank of Yellow series camellia; therefore be described as " the tea queen of family " and botanic " giant panda "; Camellia nitidissima is as the rare plant resources in a kind of world (only being distributed in Guangxi and Vietnam border one band); one of eight kinds of Threatened Plants of The First National Lists of China; be used as the Traditional Folk Chinese herbal medicine in the locality always; especially Camellia nitidissima camellia; because the few difficulty of amount is asked, be regarded as the honorable treasure in Camellia nitidissima.Show according to authorities,medical mechanism assay: the nontoxic level of golden flower Camellia, have no side effect, contain more than the 400 kind of nutriment useful to human body.Be rich in the multiple natural nutrient components such as Tea Polyphenols, tea polysaccharide, caffeine, TS, Tea Pigment, vitamin, amino acid, tea brass: contain the natural organic germanium that human body is had important health-care effect, the trace elements such as selenium, molybdenum, zinc, vanadium." Guangxi medicinal material standard " record: Camellia nitidissima has clearing heat and detoxicating, inducing diuresis to reduce edema effect, is used for the treatment of ephritis, oedema, urinary tract infections, sphagitis, dysentery, hypertension, reduction cholesterol, pre-preventing tumor, the anti-ageing aspect of waiting for a long time has certain effect.Industrial value Camellia nitidissima flower, blade can be finish-machined to beverage series product and food colour, and its trunk timber quality is hard, and compact structure can be carved exquisite handicraft and utensil.In addition, the Camellia nitidissima seed still can extract oil edible.Whole body is all precious, is a kind of economic crops of rare preciousness.
Because Camellia nitidissima is very rare, distribute extremely narrow, the wild Camellia nitidissima in the whole world 90% only is distributed in blue mountain offshoot one band of China's tourist resources Shiwan Dashan, grow in height above sea level below 700 meters, more common with the scope between height above sea level 200-500 rice, be limited to height above sea level 20 meters left and right under vertical distribution.Therefore be necessary it is carried out artificial propagation.
Summary of the invention
Few in order to solve in prior art wild Camellia nitidissima quantity on hand, fruiting rate is extremely low, time in seedling stage is long, the problems such as emergence rate is low, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings, survival rate is reached more than 95%, cultivate to have with the shortest time simultaneously and view and admire and the medicinal excellent strain that has both.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The method that a kind of Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting of the present invention is grown seedlings said method comprising the steps of:
1, the selection of rootstock seedling: stock is selected and the equal plant of Camellia nitidissima, and affinity is stronger, and is stronger in local adaptability, and growth is very fast, draws materials easily that oil tea makes stock, and the oil tea stock that the present invention selects is the tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of growth 60-80.
2, the cultivation of rootstock seedling: the Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, and the selection gradient is the 25-35 degree, soil layer is plump, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs concentrated tailo or half tailo in flakes of tree dish; Less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, repair the ditch on terraced fields, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach one tree hole as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
3, the selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, that branch will be grown is sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture plugged ear, long 8-10cm will extract bud with the plugged ear of bud, each plugged ear keeps 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, and apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below the internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing.Scion will select fine day to gather scion the morning with adopting with connecing, and every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, wraps with wet towel, in order to avoid dehydration is withered, impact survives.
4, scion is processed: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need graft survival rate is guaranteed in the scion processing of sealing with wax.First scion is cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section before sealing wax, paraffin is placed in container melts, the wax temperature rise is dipped in wax in scion two during to 95-100 ℃, The faster the better for speed, and the wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable, and can sit a basin under the wax cylinder, the inside is filled with water, and keeps little the boiling of basin water, the wax temperature is described just in time.After scion wax-sealing, a minute kind is carried out label, lies against temperature and be 4 ℃, humidity and be in the bubble chamber of 90%-100% storage 2-4 days; To note moisturizing, fresh-keeping in storage period, avoid enduring cold, mouldy, prevent from germinateing ahead of time.
5, grafting time: when the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is typically chosen in when turning cool autumn to be advisable and turns warm spring late October to November to be advisable the 4-5 month.Every leaf of each plugged ear can cut off half, in order to avoid withered.
6, cut anvil before grafting: remove the branch cut off around stock and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching, connecing in rear 5 days can not trickle, general grafting what, cut anvil what, and in time envelope is buried.
7, grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction different, the more smooth branch of branch rod epithelium blocks the anvil grafting of breaking.All the other branches 2-3 branch of selecting and remain does not affect grafting operation and is used as vegetative shoot and shelters from heat or light, and unnecessary branch cuts off.
8, the height of disconnected anvil: can stock overhead 100-200cm block at the place; Potted plant grafting mouth will hang down, and blocks at the 10-15cm place, can adopt cut-grafting method or cleft graft.Each closeer scion of eye keeps 2-3 eye, and the enough aging terminal buds of branch are not wasted, and after grafting survival, the terminal bud growth is very fast.Note the formation layer alignment of stock and scion, tighten interface and seal scion with special-purpose grafting film after alignment.
Described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, and a side is slightly thin, and a side is slightly thick, makes the bevel width less than diameter of stock 2-5 degree, and scion was soaked in clear water 11-13 hour; When cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from the inclined-plane when cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch make to form layer alignment in the face of neat, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting is completed; After grafting, 5-6 checks that its healing survives situation during week, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, keeps the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to guarantee growing of grafting.
9, the management after grafting: in time checked in 18-22 after connecing days that check that 28-32 after connecing days of surviving, connecing except the rudiment autumn or spring connect to survive, interface heals good, it is green that scion keeps, the full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment can wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping.On stock, the rudiment of new pumping will in time be extractd, otherwise can affect the growth of buddering.After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping, can solution tie up the tip of buddering is aging after grafting survival, scotch disconnected bandage with cutter at the reverse side of buddering, make its normal growth.As not good in the pumping direction of buddering, tree-like bad, can carry out suitable shaping, by drawing branch, with the directed shaping of rope binding.To in time pinch after branch is aging, promote rudiment, form good tree crown.
Points for attention of the present invention: the growing environment that Camellia nitidissima happiness half is cloudy, moistening.Just a little less than the Camellia nitidissima resistance of grafting survival, more responsive to illumination, therefore to put up frame strong season in high temperature illumination and shelter from heat or light, shade density is controlled at 50%-60%.The management of moisture will note keeping ground moistening.Water generally in the morning or carry out at dusk, hot weather every day is in canopy internal spraying 2-3 time, raising air humidity.Rainy day will be noted getting rid of field ponding, prevents from macerating root.The management of fertilizer sprays foliage fertilizer to execute liquid fertilizer as main combination.Executed 1 time in the every 15-20 of liquid fertilizer days, and can execute light liquid dung, urea solution and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid, concentration progressively strengthens with the aging of nursery stock and growth.Foliage fertilizer carries out in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest time, can spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Soil management notes not hurting root take the shallow plowing weeding as main.Can keep soil from packing together, form loose ventilative soil environment, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, promote seedling growth.The damage by disease and insect of extermination of disease and insect pest Camellia nitidissima seedling is less, can find a small amount of aphid, leaf miner etc. when young sprout is sprouted, and available 50% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times of liquid sprays control.
remarkable advantage of the present invention: adopt the inventive method from scion, stock selects to process grafting time, condition of culture, points for attention are carried out the matching technique study that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings, to improve survival rate, it is purpose that the excellent strain that has both with medical value is viewed and admired in cultivation, emphatically some key links are improved: (1) stock selects tree to be the large oil tea of 60-80 in age, (2) the scion duration of storage is sealed with wax processing (3) because stock tree body is large to the scion otch, take off and do height, tree crown is large, adopt the safeguard measure of separate space after grafting, namely make protective cover according to the tree size.In employing the method solution prior art, wild Camellia nitidissima quantity on hand is few, fruiting rate is extremely low, time in seedling stage is long, the problems such as emergence rate is low can shorten the Camellia nitidissima breeding cycle, half a year to one, year nursery stock can go out the garden, survival rate reaches more than 95%, can cultivate the shortest time simultaneously and view and admire and the medicinal excellent strain that has both.
Embodiment
Points for attention of the present invention: the growing environment that Camellia nitidissima happiness half is cloudy, moistening, just a little less than the Camellia nitidissima resistance of grafting survival, more responsive to illumination, therefore to put up frame strong season in high temperature illumination and shelter from heat or light, shade density is controlled at 50%-60%.The management of moisture will note keeping ground moistening.Water generally in the morning or carry out at dusk, hot weather every day is in canopy internal spraying 2-3 time, raising air humidity.Rainy day will be noted getting rid of field ponding, prevents from macerating root.The management of fertilizer sprays foliage fertilizer to execute liquid fertilizer as main combination.Executed 1 time in the every 15-20 of liquid fertilizer days, and can execute light liquid dung, urea solution and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid, concentration progressively strengthens with the aging of nursery stock and growth.Foliage fertilizer carries out in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest time, can spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Soil management notes not hurting root take the shallow plowing weeding as main.Can keep soil from packing together, form loose ventilative soil environment, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, promote seedling growth.The damage by disease and insect of extermination of disease and insect pest Camellia nitidissima seedling is less, can find a small amount of aphid, leaf miner etc. when young sprout is sprouted, and available 50% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times of liquid sprays control.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selection of rootstock seedling: select oil tea as stock, the oil tea stock is the growth tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of 60 years;
(2) cultivation of rootstock seedling: the Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, and the selection gradient is the 25-35 degree, soil layer is plump, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs concentrated tailo or half tailo in flakes of tree dish; Less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, repair the ditch on terraced fields, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach one tree hole as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
(3) selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, branch select growth sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture plugged ear, long 8-10cm, plugged ear with bud will be extractd bud, each plugged ear keeps 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below the internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing; Scion will select fine day to gather scion the morning with adopting with connecing, and every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, wraps with wet towel;
(4) scion is processed: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need scion processings of sealing with wax, before sealing wax, elder generation is cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section to scion, paraffin is placed in container melts, during wax temperature rise to 100 ℃, wax is dipped at scion two, and the wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable; After scion wax-sealing, a minute kind is carried out label, lies against temperature and be 4 ℃, humidity and be in 100% bubble chamber storage 2 days;
(5) grafting time: the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is selected late October; Every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, in order to avoid withered;
(6) cut anvil before grafting: remove branch around the stock growth and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching connects in rear 5 days not trickle, and how many general grafting, amounts of cutting anvil cut according to the arrangement of time what use, and in time seal and bury;
(7) grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction different, the more smooth branch of branch rod epithelium blocks the anvil grafting of break, all the other branches branch that the 2-3 branch does not affect the grafting operation of selecting and remain, as vegetative shoot with shelter from heat or light use, unnecessary branch cuts off;
(8) height of disconnected anvil: stock overhead 100-200cm block at the place; Potted plant grafting mouth will hang down, and blocks at the 10-15cm place; Adopt cleft graft; Each closeer scion of eye keeps 2-3 eye; The formation layer of stock and scion will align, and tightens interface and seals scion with special-purpose grafting film after alignment;
Described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, and a side is slightly thin, and a side is slightly thick, makes the bevel width less than diameter of stock 2-5 degree, and scion was soaked in clear water 11-13 hour; When cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from the inclined-plane when cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch make to form layer alignment in the face of neat, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting is completed; After grafting, 5-6 checks that its healing survives situation during week, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, keeps the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to guarantee growing of grafting.
(9) management after grafting: check that the in time inspections in 28-32 after connecing days that survive, connect except the rudiment autumn survive, interface heals good, and it is green that scion keeps, and full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping; In time extract the rudiment of new pumping on stock; After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping.Aging can solution the tying up of the tip of buddering a time, scotch disconnected bandage with cutter at the reverse side of buddering after grafting survival, make its normal growth.As not good in the pumping direction of buddering, tree-like bad, can carry out suitable shaping, by drawing branch, with the directed shaping of rope binding.To in time pinch after branch is aging, promote rudiment, form good tree crown.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selection of rootstock seedling: select oil tea as stock, the oil tea stock is the growth tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of 80 years;
(2) cultivation of rootstock seedling: the Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, and the selection gradient is the 25-35 degree, soil layer is plump, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs concentrated tailo or half tailo in flakes of tree dish; Less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, repair the ditch on terraced fields, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach one tree hole as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
(3) selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, branch select growth sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture plugged ear, long 8-10cm, plugged ear with bud will be extractd bud, each plugged ear keeps 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below the internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing; Scion will select fine day to gather scion the morning with adopting with connecing, and every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, wraps with wet towel;
(4) scion is processed: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need scion processings of sealing with wax, before sealing wax, elder generation is cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section to scion, paraffin is placed in container melts, during wax temperature rise to 95 ℃, wax is dipped at scion two, and the wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable; After scion wax-sealing, a minute kind is carried out label, lies against temperature and be 4 ℃, humidity and be in 90% bubble chamber storage 2-4 days;
(5) grafting time: the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is chosen in April; Every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, in order to avoid withered;
(6) cut anvil before grafting: remove branch around the stock growth and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching, connecing in rear 5 days can not trickle, and how many general grafting, amounts of cutting anvil cut according to the arrangement of time what use, and in time seal and bury;
(7) grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction different, the more smooth branch of branch rod epithelium blocks the anvil grafting of break, all the other branches branch that the 2-3 branch does not affect the grafting operation of selecting and remain, as vegetative shoot with shelter from heat or light use, unnecessary branch cuts off;
(8) height of disconnected anvil: stock overhead 100-200cm block at the place; Potted plant grafting mouth will hang down, and blocks at the 10-15cm place; Adopt cleft graft; Each closeer scion of eye keeps 2-3 eye; The formation layer of stock and scion will align, and tightens interface and seals scion with special-purpose grafting film after alignment;
Described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, and a side is slightly thin, and a side is slightly thick, makes the bevel width less than diameter of stock 2-5 degree, and scion was soaked in clear water 11 hours; When cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from the inclined-plane when cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch make to form layer alignment in the face of neat, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting is completed; After grafting, 5-6 checks that its healing survives situation during week, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, keeps the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to guarantee growing of grafting.
(9) management after grafting: the in time inspections in 18-22 after connecing days that the spring connects survive, interface heals good, and it is green that scion keeps, and full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping; In time extract the rudiment of new pumping on stock; After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping.Aging can solution the tying up of the tip of buddering a time, scotch disconnected bandage with cutter at the reverse side of buddering after grafting survival, make its normal growth.As not good in the pumping direction of buddering, tree-like bad, can carry out suitable shaping, by drawing branch, with the directed shaping of rope binding.To in time pinch after branch is aging, promote rudiment, form good tree crown.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selection of rootstock seedling: select oil tea as stock, the oil tea stock is the tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of growth 60-80;
(2) cultivation of rootstock seedling: the Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, and the selection gradient is the 25-35 degree, soil layer is plump, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs concentrated tailo or half tailo in flakes of tree dish; Less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, repair the ditch on terraced fields, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach one tree hole as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
(3) selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, branch select growth sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture plugged ear, long 8-10cm, plugged ear with bud will be extractd bud, each plugged ear keeps 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below the internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing; Scion will select fine day to gather scion the morning with adopting with connecing, and every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, wraps with wet towel;
(4) scion is processed: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need scion processings of sealing with wax, before sealing wax, elder generation is cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section to scion, paraffin is placed in container melts, the wax temperature rise is dipped in wax in scion two during to 95-100 ℃, and the wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable; After scion wax-sealing, a minute kind is carried out label, lies against temperature and be 4 ℃, humidity and be in the bubble chamber of 90%-100% storage 2-4 days;
(5) grafting time: when the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is chosen in when turning cool autumn to be advisable or turns warm spring late October to November to be advisable the 4-5 month; Every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, in order to avoid withered;
(6) cut anvil before grafting: remove branch around the stock growth and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching, connecing in rear 5 days can not trickle, and how many general grafting, amounts of cutting anvil cut according to the arrangement of time what use, and in time seal and bury;
(7) grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction different, the more smooth branch of branch rod epithelium blocks the anvil grafting of break, all the other branches branch that the 2-3 branch does not affect the grafting operation of selecting and remain, as vegetative shoot with shelter from heat or light use, unnecessary branch cuts off;
(8) height of disconnected anvil: stock overhead 100-200cm block at the place; Potted plant grafting mouth will hang down, and blocks at the 10-15cm place; Adopt cut-grafting method or cleft graft; Each closeer scion of eye keeps 2-3 eye; The formation layer of stock and scion will align, and tightens interface and seals scion with special-purpose grafting film after alignment;
Described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, and a side is slightly thin, and a side is slightly thick, makes the bevel width less than diameter of stock 2-5 degree, and scion was soaked in clear water 13 hours; When cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from the inclined-plane when cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch make to form layer alignment in the face of neat, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting is completed; After grafting, 5-6 checks that its healing survives situation during week, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, keeps the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to guarantee growing of grafting.
(9) management after grafting: in time checked in 18-22 after connecing days that check that 28-32 after connecing days of surviving, connecing except the rudiment autumn or spring connect to survive, interface heals good, it is green that scion keeps, the full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping; In time extract the rudiment of new pumping on stock; After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping.Aging can solution the tying up of the tip of buddering a time, scotch disconnected bandage with cutter at the reverse side of buddering after grafting survival, make its normal growth.As not good in the pumping direction of buddering, tree-like bad, can carry out suitable shaping, by drawing branch, with the directed shaping of rope binding.To in time pinch after branch is aging, promote rudiment, form good tree crown.
Claims (2)
1. method that Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting is grown seedlings is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
(1) selection of rootstock seedling: select oil tea as stock, the oil tea stock is the tea oil tree that grows directly from seeds of growth 60-80;
(2) cultivation of rootstock seedling: the Camellia nitidissima scion connects large oil tea stock, and the selection gradient is the 25-35 degree, soil layer is plump, physical features is open, sunshine is sufficient, plane digs concentrated tailo or half tailo in flakes of tree dish; Less than the ground, gentle slope of 5 degree, build low terraced fields in outer height, repair the ditch on terraced fields, drought-enduring like this prevention waterlogging; Reach one tree hole as the plantation cultivation base of oil tea stock;
(3) selection of scion and collection: select annual on tree strong age Camellia nitidissima, in tree crown, the peripheral healthy and strong anosis branch in top, branch select growth sturdy, lignification, terminal bud full, not yet bloom, blade is complete, internode is shorter developmental branch row culture plugged ear, long 8-10cm, plugged ear with bud will be extractd bud, each plugged ear keeps 2-3 bud, upper clip is flat mouth, apart from terminal bud 0.5-1.0cm, lower clip is flat mouth, lower clip is below the internode place or below leaf bud, in order to healing; Scion will select fine day to gather scion the morning with adopting with connecing, and every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, wraps with wet towel;
(4) scion is processed: for making not dehydration before scion duration of storage and grafting survival, need scion processings of sealing with wax, before sealing wax, elder generation is cut into simple bud or two leaf stem section to scion, paraffin is placed in container melts, the wax temperature rise is dipped in wax in scion two during to 95-100 ℃, and the wax layer is thin and transparent is advisable; After scion wax-sealing, a minute kind is carried out label, lies against temperature and be 4 ℃, humidity and be in the bubble chamber of 90%-100% storage 2-4 days;
(5) grafting time: when the grafting time of Camellia nitidissima is chosen in when turning cool autumn to be advisable or turns warm spring late October to November to be advisable the 4-5 month; Every leaf of each plugged ear cuts off half, in order to avoid withered;
(6) cut anvil before grafting: remove branch around the stock growth and weeds thereof, foreign material so that grafting, the water of drenching, connecing in rear 5 days can not trickle, and how many general grafting, amounts of cutting anvil cut according to the arrangement of time what use, and in time seal and bury;
(7) grafting method: connect front disconnected anvil, select 2-3 direction different, the more smooth branch of branch rod epithelium blocks the anvil grafting of break, all the other branches branch that the 2-3 branch does not affect the grafting operation of selecting and remain, as vegetative shoot with shelter from heat or light use, unnecessary branch cuts off;
(8) height of disconnected anvil: stock overhead 100-200cm block at the place; Potted plant grafting mouth will hang down, and blocks at the 10-15cm place; Adopt cut-grafting method or cleft graft; Each closeer scion of eye keeps 2-3 eye; The formation layer of stock and scion will align, and tightens interface and seals scion with special-purpose grafting film after alignment;
(9) management after grafting: in time checked in 18-22 after connecing days that check that 28-32 after connecing days of surviving, connecing except the rudiment autumn or spring connect to survive, interface heals good, it is green that scion keeps, the full beginning of eye sprouts, at this moment wipe out the vegetative shoot of the former reservation of a part of stock, all cut off again during to 5-10cm to scion axillalry bud pumping; In time extract the rudiment of new pumping on stock; After grafting 10-12 days solution tie up, shaping.
2. a kind of Camellia nitidissima plant high position grafting according to claim 1 method of growing seedlings, it is characterized in that: described cleft graft is: two bevels of cutting scion are wanted a face length, simultaneously short, one side is slightly thin, one side is slightly thick, make the bevel width less than diameter of stock 2-5 degree, scion was soaked in clear water 11-13 hour; When cutting anvil, shear surface and seedling stem are 25-30 degree angle, and the face of cutting is an inclined-plane, the high oblique partial application of one side from the inclined-plane when cutting anvil; After scion and stock cut, immediately scion length towards inner, short towards outer insertion stock, the side shoot face that scion is slightly thick and stock branch make to form layer alignment in the face of neat, with plastic strip, scion and stock interface portion are tightly wrapped immediately, grafting is completed; After grafting, 5-6 checks that its healing survives situation during week, graft union survives rear timely releasing bondage plastic tape, keeps the healthy and strong rudiment of fertility after scion is sprouted, and it is formed well-balanced plentiful crown, the rudiment of sending on stock is erased without exception, to guarantee growing of grafting.
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