CN104488670A - Citrus seedling breeding method - Google Patents
Citrus seedling breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488670A CN104488670A CN201410660349.8A CN201410660349A CN104488670A CN 104488670 A CN104488670 A CN 104488670A CN 201410660349 A CN201410660349 A CN 201410660349A CN 104488670 A CN104488670 A CN 104488670A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a citrus seedling breeding method with the advantages of convenient transplanting, high transplanting survival rate, no rejuvenation period after transplanting, and greatly shortened citrus growth period. The method comprises the steps of a seeding-raising step, a grafting step, a field management step, and a seedling out-planting step. The seeding-raising step comprises rootstock seedling cultivation and scion-picking female parent tree cultivation. The rootstock seedling cultivation step comprises seed treatment, sowing, and transplanting cultivation. The sowing step comprises nutrient soil preparation, seedbed sowing, and seedbed management. In the transplanting cultivation step, rootstock seedlings with heights higher than 15cm are directly transplanted into seedling-raising containers with nutrient soil. In the scion-picking female parent tree cultivation step, detoxified Yongchun mandarin seedlings are field-planted in a mesh room, and scions are cut in the second year after field planting. In the grafting step, a scion is grafted on a transplanted rootstock seedling with trunk height higher than 35cm and with a trunk diameter of 0.6-0.8cm at a place with a distance of 10cm from the soil surface. The grafting place is on the rootstock seedling with more than 10cm from a root collar. Grafting tools and personnel should be disinfected when grafting is carried out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant cultivation method, be specifically related to the mating system of a kind of citrus nursery stock.
Background technology
Oranges and tangerines, evergreen dungarunga or shrub, height is 2m about, sprig is thinner and more delicate, without hair, and usual spinosity, leaf long ovum shape lanceolar, long 4 ~ 8cm, brightly yellowish white, single raw or axil that clusters, fruit oblate spheroid, footpath 5 ~ 7cm, orange-yellow or orange red, the thin easy stripping of pericarp, spring blooms, 10 ~ December, fruit was ripe, and property happiness warm and moist weather, cold resistance comparatively shaddock, bitter orange, sweet orange is slightly strong.Citrus is Rutaceae Citrus, is the torrid zone, subtropical evergreen fruit trees (except trifoliate orange), has 3 genus as Economical cultivation: Poncirus, Citrus and Fortunella.The oranges and tangerines mainly Citrus of China and the cultivation of other countries of the world.
The method of now breeding citrus nursery stock have grow directly from seeds, press strip, cuttage and grafting etc. be multiple, optimum with grafting, general at present, the grafting of citrus is combined by scion and rootstock seedling, the grafting of existing citrus is all bareroot seedlings, and this kind of bareroot seedling because root directly contacts with soil, easily causes root impaired when going out garden in digging up, and a small amount of original soil can only be brought when being unearthed, make the transplanting of bareroot seedling can only carry out in spring like this, cannot transplant throughout the year, and make troubles to transplanting operation; Meanwhile, need pin to tread after covering root with soil during transplanting, this makes again root impaired undoubtedly, and after transplanting, nursery stock is not at former grown on soil vegetatively, and have longer seedling-slowing stage after bareroot seedling is transplanted, survival rate is also relatively low simultaneously.
In view of this, the present inventor carries out further investigation to the problems referred to above and then produces in this case.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of convenient transplanting, transplanting survival rate is high, without seedling-slowing stage after transplanting, greatly can shorten the mating system of the citrus nursery stock of citrus growth phase.
To achieve these goals, solution of the present invention is such:
A mating system for citrus nursery stock, comprises nursery step, grafting step, field management step and outplanting, and this nursery step comprises rootstock seedling and cultivates and adopt the cultivation of fringe stock tree, this field management step comprises benefit and connects, membrane removal, except sprouting, cut anvil, pinching, shaping, fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest;
Described rootstock seedling is cultivated and is comprised seed treatment, sowing and transplanting cultivation, described method for treating seeds is: choose the excellent stock seed without quarantine damage by disease and insect without bark cracking, broken leaf disease, this stock seed selects Fructus Aurantii or good fortune tangerine seed, choose rear gauze packed good, and be placed in 50-52 DEG C of hot water preimpregnation 5-6 minute, take out after preimpregnation and drop into the interior immersion of cool-bag that water temperature in it remains on 55 ± 0.3 DEG C immediately, soak time is 45-55 minute, spread cooling after immersion out, dry for subsequent use;
Described sowing step comprises Nutrition Soil preparation, sowing seedbed and seedbed management, concrete grammar prepared by this Nutrition Soil is: by weight ratio be the husk of 2.5:3:4:0.5, together with peat soil powder, surface soil powder be uniformly mixed with organic matter, cover fermentation 3-4 month with plastic foil after stirring, form Nutrition Soil; The concrete grammar in this sowing seedbed is: in plastic tunnel, arrange seedbed, seedbed is made into the kind planting-line of dark 18cm, wide 1m, long 10m, insert the thick Nutrition Soil of 17cm in kind of planting-line, by the seed broadcasting after seed treatment step on the Nutrition Soil of kind of planting-line, thickness of sowing be 500-600 grain/square metre, after planting cover the clean fresh soil of the thick pulverizing of 1.2-1.5cm, then cover the thick straw of 2-3cm, after covering, water sufficient water; The concrete grammar of described seedbed management is: after planting keep seedbed ground temperature at 25-30 DEG C, relative moisture, at 80%-90%, sprayed a bactericide every 7-10 days after emerging, and imposed 0.1%-0.2% composite fertilizer solution during more than height of seedling 5cm;
Described concrete grammar of transplanting cultivation is: be that the rootstock seedling of more than 15cm is uprightly transplanted in container for plant growth by its height of seedling, transplanting the soil adopted is Nutrition Soil, sufficient normal root water is watered after transplanting, a 0.15% compound solution within 15-18 days, is executed after transplanting, monthly topdress 1-2 time later, fertilizer 0.3% compound solution and 0.1% boron zinc-magnesium mixed liquor, often will wipe out the branch within the scope of the above 20cm of collar and acupuncture in cultivation;
The described concrete grammar adopting the cultivation of fringe stock tree is: be colonizated in solarium by the YongChun citrus stock tree through detoxification, plantation density is 100cm × 100cm, needs to extract the upper all fruits of tree, Second Year clip scion after field planting during cultivation;
The concrete grammar of described grafting step is: the scion grafting of clip is dry high up to more than 35cm at its trunk, the rugosity at trunk dry rise soil 10cm place, face is after the transplanting of 0.6-0.8cm on rootstock seedling, grafting part is at the position of rootstock seedling from collar portion more than 10cm, during grafting, grafting tool is first cleaned with washing powder, again with bleaching powder sterilization, grafting personnel need clean hand and clothing is clean.
The above-mentioned clip time of adopting scion in fringe stock tree incubation step also can carry out before 3-6 week before grafting period, and rear timely removing blade is cut in scion, wraps, put in plastic sack and seal with moistening calico, and was placed in refrigerator and preserves, and reserve temperature is 3-5 DEG C.
Above-mentioned container for plant growth is hard nursery polypots or soft nursery plastic sack.
In above-mentioned sowing step, the skeleton of plastic tunnel covers one 40 order nylon fly nets.
Adopting in fringe stock tree incubation step, the nutritive cube through the YongChun citrus stock tree 50cm × 60cm of detoxification is colonizated in solarium.
Can add nutritive element in Nutrition Soil preparation process, the weight ratio of above-mentioned nutritive element and above-mentioned Nutrition Soil is 3:100, and above-mentioned nutritive element comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron zinc-magnesium, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron zinc-magnesium is 2:2:1:1.
In described seedbed management, the ground temperature in seedbed raises straw immediately when 30-32 DEG C, and carries out spray cooling.
After adopting such scheme, the mating system of citrus nursery stock of the present invention, because rootstock seedling is cultivated in container for plant growth, make during outplanting, whole container for plant growth directly to be taken away, the root of nursery stock can not be caused impaired, and soil can be with to go out garden, suitable transplanting throughout the year, conveniently transplant operation, simultaneously, as long as container for plant growth is removed during transplanting and directly puts into nursery line, without the need to the reality that tramps with one's feet, the impaired of nursery stock root can not be caused, make the survival rate of nursery stock higher, after transplanting, nursery stock is directly at former grown on soil vegetatively, make after Nursery stock transplanting without seedling-slowing stage, substantially reduce the vegetative period of citrus, make citrus early can enter fruiting period by 2-3, add the economic benefit of orchard worker.
Embodiment
The mating system of citrus nursery stock of the present invention, comprise nursery step, grafting step, field management step and outplanting, this nursery step comprises rootstock seedling and cultivates and adopt the cultivation of fringe stock tree, and rootstock seedling cultivation comprises seed treatment, sowing and transplanting cultivation, and slotting kind of a step comprises Nutrition Soil and prepares, sows seedbed and seedbed management, this field management step comprises benefit and connects, membrane removal, except sprouting, cuts anvil, pinching, shaping, fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest; Wherein, benefit connects, membrane removal, except sprouting, cuts anvil, pinching, shaping, fertilising, and the extermination of disease and insect pest and these steps of outplanting adopt known conventional method, specific as follows:
Seed treatment: choose the excellent stock seed without quarantine damage by disease and insect without bark cracking and broken leaf disease, this stock seed can select Fructus Aurantii or good fortune tangerine seed, this seed is preferentially called in from the north, choose rear gauze packed good, and be placed in 50-52 DEG C of hot water preimpregnation 5-6 minute, take out after preimpregnation and drop into the interior immersion of cool-bag that water temperature in it remains on 55 ± 0.3 DEG C immediately, soak time is 45-55 minute, cooling is spread out after immersion, dry for subsequent use, 55 ± 0.3 DEG C are remained in order to make the water temperature in cool-bag, the hot water of about 57 DEG C can be poured in cool-bag, separately must first wash one's hands with soap seed treatment pre-treatment personnel,
Prepared by Nutrition Soil: be the husk of 2.5:3:4:0.5 by weight ratio, together with peat soil powder, surface soil powder be uniformly mixed with organic matter, covered fermentation 3-4 month, form Nutrition Soil after stirring with plastic foil; Separately, nutritive element can be added according to actual needs in Nutrition Soil preparation process, this nutritive element comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron zinc-magnesium, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron zinc-magnesium is 2:2:1:1, utilizes this nutritive element to make the nutrient of Nutrition Soil comparatively comprehensive;
Sowing seedbed: smooth in physical features, plastic tunnel is built in the place keeping away north wind on the sunny side, this plastic tunnel is Semicircular arched, center height 5m, width is 8m, total length is about 42m, plastic tunnel is North and South direction, in plastic tunnel, seedbed is set, seedbed being made into dark is 18cm, long is 10m, the kind planting-line of wide 1m, insert the thick Nutrition Soil of 17cm in kind of planting-line, by the seed broadcasting after seed treatment step on the Nutrition Soil of kind of planting-line, thickness of sowing be 500-600 grain/square metre, after planting cover the clean fresh soil of the thick pulverizing of 1.2-1.5cm, cover the straw that 2-3cm is thick again, sufficient water is watered after covering,
Seedbed management: after planting keep seedbed ground temperature at 25-30 DEG C, relative moisture, at 80%-90%, sprayed a bactericide every 7-10 days after emerging, and imposed 0.1%-0.2% composite fertilizer solution during more than height of seedling 5cm; Separately, rootstock seedling is in the cultivating process of seedbed, if the ground temperature in seedbed should open straw immediately when 30-32 DEG C, and carries out spray cooling;
Transplant cultivation: be that the stock seedling direct transplantation of more than 15cm is in container for plant growth by its height of seedling, container for plant growth is hard nursery polypots or soft nursery plastic sack, transplanting the soil adopted is Nutrition Soil, sufficient normal root water is watered after transplanting, a 0.15% compound solution within 15-18 days, is executed after transplanting, monthly topdress 1-2 time later, fertilizer 0.3% compound solution and 0.1% boron zinc-magnesium mixed liquor, the branch within the scope of the above 20cm of collar and acupuncture often will be wiped out in cultivation, to keep grafting part smooth, and will note keeping Nutrition Soil when summer moistening, the nursery stock partially fallen in cultivation wants timely righting, keep standing upright growth,
The rootstock seedling of autumn and winter sowing is comparatively suitable in mid or late March transplanting, spring, the rootstock seedling of sowing was comparatively suitable in late May to mid-June, collar should be eliminated or main root is bending, small and weak and the abnormal rootstock seedling such as variation before transplanting, first 1/3 high Nutrition Soil should be loaded at container for plant growth during transplanting, again rootstock seedling is put on the Nutrition Soil of container for plant growth, and keep main root upright, backmost dress Nutrition Soil limit is suitably trembled real.
Adopt fringe stock tree to cultivate: the YongChun citrus stock tree through detoxification is colonizated in solarium, plantation density is 100cm × 100cm, need during cultivation to extract the upper all fruits of tree, Second Year clip scion after field planting, will as far as possible close to grafting period during clip, and clip is front as dry weather, need water continuously 3 times to YongChun citrus tree, make branches and leaves water content high, ensure to cut that to get bud sheet when buddering smooth without dry-out phenomenon, be conducive to raising graft survival rate;
YongChun citrus seedling through detoxification can be colonizated in solarium with the nutritive cube of 50cm × 60cm, scion can be made so comparatively healthy and strong, during cultivation, the excision of fruit is generally at the beginning of 7 months, more shoot can be inspired to part branch cutting back, to ensure enough scion for breeding seedling while extracing fruit.
YongChun citrus when net indoor growing because of indoor temperature, wet cross different from the solarium outside, a situation arises often will to observe disease worm, notices that spray medicine is prevented and treated and makes it not endanger by sick worm.
Grafting: the scion grafting of clip is dry high up to more than 35cm at its trunk, the footpath at trunk dry rise soil 10cm place, face is slightly after the transplanting of 0.6-0.8cm on rootstock seedling, grafting part is at the position of rootstock seedling from collar portion more than 10cm, during grafting, grafting tool is first cleaned with washing powder, sterilize with bleaching powder again, grafting personnel need clean hand and clothing is clean, and grafting method is based on side grafting in autumn, and cut-grafting in spring is auxiliary.
Field management:
Benefit connects: after grafting about 15 days, checks and survives situation, if budder flavescence, show not take over a job, should mend immediately and connect;
Membrane removal: spring grafting grow to about 15cm wait buddering time remove cut-grafting adopt film, grafting in autumn general spring in next year remove side grafting adopt film;
Except sprouting: on stock, the descendant of pumping will be wiped out in time, within general 7 ~ 10 days, cut once;
Cutting anvil: grafting in autumn, carry out first time in March in next year and cut anvil, wiping out surviving the strain stock of 10 ~ more than 15cm above position of buddering; After first time of buddering stops growing, carry out second time and cut anvil, from transferring interface, tiltedly to cut off the anvil stake stayed outside 30 ° of angles; Spring and side grafting in 7 ~ September, budder survive after carry out first time and cut anvil, carry out second time after first time tip maturation and cut anvil;
Pinching, shaping: as grafting height of seedling 50cm, carry out pinching, generally at early and middle ten days in July, the branch of pumping after pinching, stay 3 ~ 4 branches be evenly distributed at the different directions of trunk, unnecessary wipes out, notice that first minimum major branch must from collar portion 20cm, the highest 30cm that is no more than;
Rich water quality management: to October before sprouting from spring bud, monthly apply fertilizer 1-2 time, based on quick-acting fertilizer, do not apply fertilizer after October, in order to avoid the pumping winter tip, fill with (watering) water at arid season in good time and make soil conservation moistening;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: the root rot in 3 ~ 4 bactericidal agent for preventing and treating seedling stages of Seedling Stage spray, damping off, anthracnose and gummosis etc.; And according to insect pest specific aim medications such as mite class, Lepidoptera classes;
Outplanting: its trunk rugosity >=1cm, height of seedling > 60cm, trunk height (i.e. the first branch height), at 20 ~ 30cm, more than trunk has 3 ~ 4, the major branch be evenly distributed, root system is complete, and the nursery stock of radicula prosperity can go out garden and migrate to field growing.
The mating system of citrus nursery stock of the present invention, has following beneficial effect:
One, stock seed is sowed on Nutrition Soil, have germinate fast, survival rate is high, growth is fast, the advantage of well developed root system;
Two, rootstock seedling is cultivated in container for plant growth, makes directly to be taken away by whole container for plant growth during outplanting, the root of nursery stock can not be caused impaired, and soil can be with to go out garden, and suitable transplanting throughout the year, conveniently transplants operation;
As long as container for plant growth is removed when three, transplanting and directly puts into nursery line, without the need to the reality that tramps with one's feet, the impaired of nursery stock root can not be caused, make the survival rate of nursery stock higher, and transplant rear nursery stock directly at former grown on soil vegetatively, make after Nursery stock transplanting without seedling-slowing stage, substantially reduce the vegetative period of citrus, make citrus early can enter fruiting period by 2-3, add the economic benefit of orchard worker, simultaneously citrus enters fruiting period ahead of time and is conducive to cultivation management, and the occurrence and infection of corresponding minimizing damage by disease and insect;
Four, rootstock seedling all directly contacts less than with extraneous soil with the cultivation adopting fringe stock tree, all adopts Nutrition Soil to cultivate, makes damage by disease and insect incidence lower.
In the present invention, the clip time of scion, except close to except grafting period, also can carry out before 3-6 week before grafting period, rear timely removing blade is cut in scion, wraps, put in plastic sack and seal with moistening calico, and be placed in refrigerator and preserve, reserve temperature is 3-5 DEG C; Like this, the problem close to affecting scion during grafting period clip because of climate problem can be avoided, there is provided to base staff and fill the remaining time, meanwhile, the scion after the processing method after this kind of scion clip can ensure clip is stored also can not affect survival rate in 3 months.
In the present invention, in sowing step, need cover one 40 order nylon fly nets on the skeleton of plastic tunnel, the nursery whole process of such citrus nursery stock is all carried out in 40 order insect-proof net chambers, can avoid passing disease entomophila and pass sick.
In the present invention, because the whole cultivating process of citrus nursery stock all carries out in solarium, like this, base staff need strengthen the management work of solarium, and must carry out strict sterilization during turnover solarium.
Claims (7)
1. the mating system of a citrus nursery stock, comprise nursery step, grafting step, field management step and outplanting, this nursery step comprises rootstock seedling and cultivates and adopt the cultivation of fringe stock tree, this field management step comprises benefit and connects, membrane removal, except sprouting, cuts anvil, pinching, shaping, fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest; It is characterized in that:
Described rootstock seedling is cultivated and is comprised seed treatment, sowing and transplanting cultivation, described method for treating seeds is: choose the excellent stock seed without quarantine damage by disease and insect without bark cracking, broken leaf disease, this stock seed selects Fructus Aurantii or good fortune tangerine seed, choose rear gauze packed good, and be placed in 50-52 DEG C of hot water preimpregnation 5-6 minute, take out after preimpregnation and drop into the interior immersion of cool-bag that water temperature in it remains on 55 ± 0.3 DEG C immediately, soak time is 45-55 minute, spread cooling after immersion out, dry for subsequent use;
Described sowing step comprises Nutrition Soil preparation, sowing seedbed and seedbed management, concrete grammar prepared by this Nutrition Soil is: by weight ratio be the husk of 2.5:3:4:0.5, together with peat soil powder, surface soil powder be uniformly mixed with organic matter, cover fermentation 3-4 month with plastic foil after stirring, form Nutrition Soil; The concrete grammar in this sowing seedbed is: in plastic tunnel, arrange seedbed, seedbed is made into the kind planting-line of dark 18cm, wide 1m, long 10m, insert the thick Nutrition Soil of 17cm in kind of planting-line, by the seed broadcasting after seed treatment step on the Nutrition Soil of kind of planting-line, thickness of sowing be 500-600 grain/square metre, after planting cover the clean fresh soil of the thick pulverizing of 1.2-1.5cm, then cover the thick straw of 2-3cm, after covering, water sufficient water; The concrete grammar of described seedbed management is: after planting keep seedbed ground temperature at 25-30 DEG C, relative moisture, at 80%-90%, sprayed a bactericide every 7-10 days after emerging, and imposed 0.1%-0.2% composite fertilizer solution during more than height of seedling 5cm;
Described concrete grammar of transplanting cultivation is: be that the rootstock seedling of more than 15cm is uprightly transplanted in container for plant growth by its height of seedling, transplanting the soil adopted is Nutrition Soil, sufficient normal root water is watered after transplanting, a 0.15% compound solution within 15-18 days, is executed after transplanting, monthly topdress 1-2 time later, fertilizer 0.3% compound solution and 0.1% boron zinc-magnesium mixed liquor, often will wipe out the branch within the scope of the above 20cm of collar and acupuncture in cultivation;
The described concrete grammar adopting the cultivation of fringe stock tree is: be colonizated in solarium by the YongChun citrus stock tree through detoxification, plantation density is 100cm × 100cm, needs to extract the upper all fruits of tree, Second Year clip scion after field planting during cultivation;
The concrete grammar of described grafting step is: the scion grafting of clip is dry high up to more than 35cm at its trunk, the rugosity at trunk dry rise soil 10cm place, face is after the transplanting of 0.6-0.8cm on rootstock seedling, grafting part is at the position of rootstock seedling from collar portion more than 10cm, during grafting, grafting tool is first cleaned with washing powder, again with bleaching powder sterilization, grafting personnel need clean hand and clothing is clean.
2. the mating system of citrus nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the above-mentioned clip time of adopting scion in fringe stock tree incubation step also can carry out before 3-6 week before grafting period, rear timely removing blade is cut in scion, wrap with moistening calico, put in plastic sack and seal, and be placed in refrigerator and preserve, reserve temperature is 3-5 DEG C.
3. the mating system of citrus nursery stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: above-mentioned container for plant growth is hard nursery polypots or soft nursery plastic sack.
4. the mating system of citrus nursery stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in above-mentioned sowing step, and the skeleton of plastic tunnel covers one 40 order nylon fly nets.
5. the mating system of citrus nursery stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopting in fringe stock tree incubation step, the nutritive cube through the YongChun citrus stock tree 50cm × 60cm of detoxification is colonizated in solarium.
6. the mating system of citrus nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: can nutritive element be added in Nutrition Soil preparation process, the weight ratio of above-mentioned nutritive element and above-mentioned Nutrition Soil is 3:100, above-mentioned nutritive element comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron zinc-magnesium, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron zinc-magnesium is 2:2:1:1.
7. the mating system of citrus nursery stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described seedbed management, the ground temperature in seedbed raises straw immediately when 30-32 DEG C, and carries out spray cooling.
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