CN103371099A - Good-quality and high-yield seed production technique of muskmelon - Google Patents
Good-quality and high-yield seed production technique of muskmelon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a good-quality and high-yield seed production technique of a muskmelon, is applicable to seed production of the muskmelon, and relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. The good-quality and high-yield seed production technique comprises the following steps: grafting and growing seedlings, applying fertilizers and irrigating water, pruning, pollinating, castrating and rogueing, and carrying out seed collecting treatment. According to the good-quality and high-yield seed production technique, the nutrient absorption capability of roots of a melon is enhanced through adopting the step of grafting and growing seedlings, so as to meet the vegetative growth of plants in a melon seed production process, guarantee the nutrient supply of seed development and realize the aims of improving the yield and the quality of seeds; the step of pruning is carried out on three vines; 1-2 melons are set on each wine and 3-4 melons are set on each plant, so that the quantity of seed melons in a unit area can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the quantity of the seeds of the single melon is improved and the aim of improving yield of the seeds is realized; single-plant cross pollination is finished within 3 days and the nutrition supply of the plants is balanced; the fruit setting rate and the seed setting rate of the melon are improved. Compared with a conventional seed production technique, the good-quality seed production technique disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the yield of the seed in the unit area can be improved by more than 30% and the output capacity of the good-quality seeds is improved by more than 15%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, especially relate to a kind of thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique.
Background technology
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), another name muskmelon, fruit melon, sweet melon etc., the annual climing property herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis.According to statistics, China's muskmelon sowing area is about more than 800 ten thousand mu, and more than 40 hundred million yuan of annual value of production occupy first place in the world.Zhejiang Province's Muskmelon Planting area was 14.08 ten thousand mu in 2011, and the seed demand of muskmelon is more than 4000 kilograms.At present, thick-skinned melon commodity kind is in the majority with Hybrid, and the extensive use of thick-skinned melon heterosis, hybrid vigor new varieties has driven the fast development of muskmelon industry.The muskmelon kind had become the key factor of restriction Development of Muskmelon Industry already, and this industry has greatly promoted the raising of agriculture production benefit, and is more and more obvious to agricultural economy pulling function.
At present, the output in the muskmelon hybrid seeding process is on the low side, and the problems such as seed quality and purity are difficult to control, production cost height have restricted the development already of muskmelon kind.Because improving constantly of melon crop facility cropping index causes the rotation cycle to shorten, soil continuous cropping obstacle has the gesture that increases the weight of, and is larger on the impact of muskmelon seeds output as production of hybrid seeds land used on the one hand.Owing to lack high-yield seeds production technique, blindly increase kind of a melon quantity on the other hand, cause plant early ageing, plant melon and be difficult to maturation.Pollination time and pollination cycle not science cause hybridizing fruit-setting rate and descend, be prone to pseudostationary.It is inhomogeneous to pollinate, and malformed fruit occurs easily and the phenomenon such as do not bear fruit to female flower damage is excessive.The research of good quality and high output seeding technique and application are the keys of dealing with problems, grafting is to alleviate the most effectively approach of soil continuous cropping obstacle, can improve simultaneously the nutrient absorption ability of Muskmelon Plants by grafting, guarantee the nutrient supply in the muskmelon seeds production process, thereby improve output and the quality of muskmelon cross-fertilize seed.Rationally prune on the grafting basis, the kind melon quantity of selecting and remain suitable, but the kind melon number of Effective Raise unit are and single melon seed amount reach the purpose that improves seed production.The pollinating method of employing science and suitable pollination cycle, the balance plant nutrition is supplied with, and can improve the hybridization fruit-setting rate of muskmelon and the rate of setting seeds.Therefore, thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique has larger promotion potential and the wide market space, and is significant to the development of muskmelon kind industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique, be applicable to the thick-skinned melon hybrid seeding.Seeding technique comprises that impurity elimination is poured water, prunes, pollinates, castrated in graft seedling growth, fertilising and the processing of collecting seed.It is characterized in that: described graft seedling growth, at first prepare graft stock and scion: select the strong new soil assistant type stock variety of growth potential.The maternal material of production of hybrid seeds kind is then selected in scion.The stock seed is at 28 ℃～30 ℃ lower seed soaking 4h, at 28 ℃～30 ℃ lower vernalization 36h～48h.Next adopts the inarching method grafting: scion is than stock sowing in 8 days～9 days in advance.Suitable grafting when rootstock seedling reveals the heart, 1cm place below its cotyledon makes 45° angle with blade and cuts a cutter downwards, and dark mistake is hypocotylar about half, length 1cm.Afterwards upwards make 30 ° of angles cutter of splaying at the corresponding site of scion, deeply reach the over half of plumular axis, length 1cm embeds the two otch mutually, fixes with Grafting clip, during the scion root system is placed into the soil.Carry out at last rational seedling management: the tight shading of the grafting same day and next day, in time buckle well shed after the grafting, day temperature is controlled at 25 ℃～28 ℃, and is 22 ℃～25 ℃ of nights, stuffy in 3 days; Begin ventilation after 3 days, sooner or later throw off the thing that shades, see light 30min～40min; 4 days rear venting cooling, gradually prolonging light time; Day temperature is 23 ℃～24 ℃ after 7 days, 18 ℃～20 ℃ of nights, at noon shading during high light; Routinely management after surviving in 10 days.The male parent material of production of hybrid seeds kind and the maternal sowing same period, maternal early field planting 7 days～10 days.
Described fertilising is poured water, fertilising: apply 2/3 fertilizer and make base fertilizer when whole ground, 1/3 fertilizer is ditched and is applied.General every 667m
2Execute farmyard manure 1500～2000kg or mixed organic manure 500kg, adding N, P, K respectively contain 15% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30kg, superphosphate 30kg and agricultural borax 1kg.Pour water: pour water in 30 ceiling before field planting, water irrigating depth reaches 30cm, guarantees that soil moisture is sufficient, after oozing under the moisture, can carry out the field operations such as overlay film, field planting.
Described training is the maternal 3 climing trainings of adopting, and hangs climing cultivation, and pinching during 4～5 leaves of plant stays 3 sons climing, and it is climing to reserve 3 grandsons when climing 8～12 joint of son, stays pinching behind 2 leaves with grandson is climing.After bearing fruit, selection fruit shape is straight, the suitable young fruit without illness in joint position is kind of a melon, every climing 1～2 melon of selecting and remain, and individual plant is sat 3～4 in melon.The male parent self-sow is not pruned, and increases its male flower quantity.
Described pollination is to adopt the artificial hybridization pollination, and Parent should be cultivated in the booth that the fly net isolation is arranged, and stops that the moth class is arranged in the canopy, honeybee class, fly class fly into, and general Parent cultivation ratio is 1: 15.To selecting the front 2 days bud of flower of female parent to castrate operation, the time can be before pollination 1 afternoon, remove stamen, the sepal of maternal female flower with tweezers, then put little paper bag and mark, castrating must be thoroughly clean.Remove maternal male flower and open female flower before the pollination.Pollination should be in the morning 8～11 o'clock be carried out, and gathers male flower in the male parent strain, and the female flower paper bag of castrating is taken, spread upon uniformly on the female chapiter with male flower pollen, and bagging again after the pollination, and carry out mark.Can stablize the seat melon for the assurance plant, maternal individual plant (3 is climing) hybridization pollination needs finish in 3 days.
Described castration impurity elimination is after the pollination male parent strain to be pulled out; The young melon of unmarked or Marks Illegible is removed; Morbidity or underdone kind melon are removed; With maternal hybrid strain and have the problem plant to pull out, guarantee seed purity and the quality of the production of hybrid seeds.
It is to gather when kind of melon full maturity that described seed collecting is processed, and produces evening time of melon, will plant melon after gathering and be placed on after-ripening in the cool canopy.Collect seed afterwards, cleaned the same day that guarantees to collect seed the same day, avoids muskmelon seeds to germinate.After seed cleans it is dipped in sterilization processing in 2% the hydrogen peroxide solution, fine airing, mechanical selection by winnowing, artificial selected and detect identify after warehouse-in preserve.
The present invention has strengthened muskmelon root system Absorbing Nutrients ability by adopting graft seedling growth, satisfies nourishing and growing of plant in the muskmelon production of hybrid seeds process, guarantees the nutrient supply of seed development, reaches the purpose that improves seed production and quality; By 3 climing trainings, 1～2 in every climing seat melon, individual plant is sat 3～4 in melon, but the kind melon number of Effective Raise unit are improves single melon seed amount simultaneously, reaches the purpose that improves seed production; By finished the individual plant hybridization pollination in 3 days, the balance plant nutrition is supplied with, and improves the fruit-setting rate of muskmelon and the rate of setting seeds.Compare with traditional seeding technique, the advantage of this good quality and high output seeding technique is: the seed production of unit are can improve more than 30%, and the high quality seed output capacity improves more than 15%.
Embodiment
This good quality and high output seeding technique is applicable to the thick-skinned melon hybrid seeding.
1) kind is selected: it is scion that muskmelon is selected the maternal material of production of hybrid seeds kind.Stock variety is selected the strong new soil assistant type kind of growth potential.
2) graft seedling growth: adopt the inarching method grafting, muskmelon is than pumpkin rootstock sowing in 8 days～9 days in advance, and the muskmelon seeds 2h～3h that soaks seed under 30 ℃ of water temperatures is at 28 ℃～30 ℃ lower vernalization 24h, 28 ℃～30 ℃ lower seed soaking 4h of pumpkin rootstock seed are at 28 ℃～30 ℃ lower vernalization 36h～48h.The sowing of muskmelon and pumpkin in same nutritive cube or hole, cave, suitable grafting when the pumpkin seedling reveals the heart, 1cm place below its cotyledon makes 45° angle with blade and cuts a cutter downwards, dark mistake is hypocotylar about half, length 1cm.Afterwards upwards make 30 ° of angles cutter of splaying at the corresponding site of muskmelon, deeply reach the over half of plumular axis, length 1cm embeds the two otch mutually, fixes with Grafting clip, during the muskmelon root system is placed into the soil.The male parent material of production of hybrid seeds kind and the maternal sowing same period, maternal early field planting 7 days～10 days.
3) seedling management: the tight shading of the grafting same day and next day, in time buckle well shed after the grafting, day temperature is controlled at 25 ℃～28 ℃, and is 22 ℃～25 ℃ of nights, stuffy in 3 days; Begin ventilation after 3 days, sooner or later throw off the thing that shades, see light 30min～40min; 4 days rear venting cooling, gradually prolonging light time; Day temperature is 23 ℃～24 ℃ after 7 days, 18 ℃～20 ℃ of nights, at noon shading during high light; Routinely management after surviving in 10 days.
3) soil is prepared: filled with sufficient water in the canopy of the left and right sides in front 30 days in field planting, water irrigating depth reaches 40cm.Under moisture, ooze rear whole ground, every 667m
2Applications of farmyard manure 1500～2000kg or mixed organic manure 500kg, adding N, P, K respectively contain 15% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30kg, superphosphate 30kg and agricultural borax 1kg.Apply 2/3 fertilizer during whole ground and make base fertilizer, in addition 1/3 ditch spread.Ridging is done furrow, the wide 100cm of furrow, the dark 40cm of furrow, furrow width 50cm.Execute on furrow the slightly dried carbendazim 0.5kg+ of furrow face insecticide 0.5kg mixing back every other day, with covering with plastic film behind the cylinder rolling.
4) field planting is transplanted: adopt and hang climing stand cultivation, duplicate rows field planting, spacing in the rows 50cm, every 667m
2Plant 800 strains.The same day was accomplished fluently the hole, cave with card punch in field planting, and plantation its basal part of stem of grafting and furrow face keeping parallelism water a small amount of normal root water after the field planting.
5) training: maternal grafting is adopted 3 climing trainings, and pinching during 4～5 leaves of plant stays 3 sons climing, and it is climing to reserve 3 grandsons in son climing 8～12 whens joint, stays pinching behind 2 leaves with grandson is climing.The male parent self-sow is not pruned, and increases its male flower quantity.
6) hybridization pollination: muskmelon production of hybrid seeds Parent cultivation ratio is 1: 15.Front 1 afternoon of pollinating selects the front 2 days bud of flower of female parent to castrate operation, removes stamen, the sepal of maternal female flower with tweezers, then puts little paper bag and mark, and castrating must be thoroughly clean.Remove maternal male flower and open female flower before the pollination.Pollination should be in the morning 8～11 o'clock be carried out, and gathers male flower in the male parent strain, and the female flower paper bag of castrating is taken, spread upon uniformly on the female chapiter with male flower pollen, and bagging again after the pollination, and carry out mark.Can stablize the seat melon for the assurance plant, maternal individual plant (3 is climing) hybridization pollination needs finish in 3 days.
7) field management: need impose 20kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 500kg water in flowering stage, the phase of bearing fruit, swollen fruit phase.Simultaneously in conjunction with foliage spray, spray the foliage fertilizer such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～3 times, spray 0.1% manganese, zinc, magnesium trace element 1～2 time.After the pollination male parent strain is pulled out; The young melon of unmarked or Marks Illegible is removed; Morbidity or underdone kind melon are removed; With maternal hybrid strain and have the problem plant to pull out.Selection fruit shape is straight, the suitable young fruit without illness in joint position is kind of a melon, every climing 1～2 melon of selecting and remain, and individual plant is sat 3～4 in melon.
8) diseases and pests controlling: the Major Diseases of muskmelon has climing rot, powdery mildew etc., and insect pest mainly contains Bemisia tabaci etc.The muskmelon damage by disease and insect needs early prevention, prevents from affecting muskmelon hybrid seed yield and quality.Climing rot their early stage sprays 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder or smears the control of disease section with thiophanate-methyl, Metalaxyl-M mancozeb and 1: 1: 1 admixing medical solutions of carbendazim.Powdery mildew is prevented and treated with 800 times of liquid of the phonetic phenol suspending agent of 25% second or 1500 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule.Bemisia tabaci is prevented and treated with 1% first dimension 2000 times of liquid of salt missible oil or 1500 times of liquid of 5% imidacloprid wettable powder.
9) gather: when kind of melon full maturity, gather, will plant melon after gathering and be placed on after-ripening in the cool canopy.Collect seed afterwards, cleaned the same day that guarantees to collect seed the same day, avoids muskmelon seeds to germinate.After seed cleans it is dipped in sterilization processing in 2% the hydrogen peroxide solution, fine airing, mechanical selection by winnowing, artificial selected and detect identify after warehouse-in preserve.
Claims (6)
1. a thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique comprises that impurity elimination is poured water, prunes, pollinates, castrated in graft seedling growth, fertilising and the processing of collecting seed.It is characterized in that: described graft seedling growth, at first prepare graft stock and scion: select the strong new soil assistant type stock variety of growth potential.The maternal material of production of hybrid seeds kind is then selected in scion.The stock seed is at 28 ℃～30 ℃ lower seed soaking 4h, at 28 ℃～30 ℃ lower vernalization 36h～48h.Next adopts the inarching method grafting: scion is than stock sowing in 8 days～9 days in advance.Suitable grafting when rootstock seedling reveals the heart, 1cm place below its cotyledon makes 45° angle with blade and cuts a cutter downwards, and dark mistake is hypocotylar about half, length 1cm.Afterwards upwards make 30 ° of angles cutter of splaying at the corresponding site of scion, deeply reach the over half of plumular axis, length 1cm embeds the two otch mutually, fixes with Grafting clip, during the scion root system is placed into the soil.Carry out at last rational seedling management: the tight shading of the grafting same day and next day, in time buckle well shed after the grafting, day temperature is controlled at 25 ℃～28 ℃, and is 22 ℃～25 ℃ of nights, stuffy in 3 days; Begin ventilation after 3 days, sooner or later throw off the thing that shades, see light 30min～40min; 4 days rear venting cooling, gradually prolonging light time; Day temperature is 23 ℃～24 ℃ after 7 days, 18 ℃～20 ℃ of nights, at noon shading during high light; Routinely management after surviving in 10 days.The male parent material of production of hybrid seeds kind and the maternal sowing same period, maternal early field planting 7 days～10 days.
2. thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fertilising pours water fertilising: apply 2/3 fertilizer and make base fertilizer when whole ground, 1/3 fertilizer is ditched and is applied.General every 667m
2Execute farmyard manure 1500～2000kg or mixed organic manure 500kg, adding N, P, K respectively contain 15% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30kg, superphosphate 30kg and agricultural borax 1kg.Pour water: pour water in 30 ceiling before field planting, water irrigating depth reaches 30cm, guarantees that soil moisture is sufficient, after oozing under the moisture, can carry out the field operations such as overlay film, field planting.
3. thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that described training is the maternal 3 climing trainings of adopting, and hangs climing cultivation, pinching during 4～5 leaves of plant, stay 3 sons climing, it is climing to reserve 3 grandsons in son climing 8～12 whens joint, stays pinching behind 2 leaves with grandson is climing.After bearing fruit, selection fruit shape is straight, the suitable young fruit without illness in joint position is kind of a melon, every climing 1～2 melon of selecting and remain, and individual plant is sat 3～4 in melon.The male parent self-sow is not pruned, and increases its male flower quantity.
4. thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described pollination is to adopt the artificial hybridization pollination, Parent should be cultivated in the booth that the fly net isolation is arranged, stop that the moth class is arranged in the canopy, honeybee class, fly class fly into, general Parent cultivation ratio is 1: 15.To selecting the front 2 days bud of flower of female parent to castrate operation, the time can be before pollination 1 afternoon, remove stamen, the sepal of maternal female flower with tweezers, then put little paper bag and mark, castrating must be thoroughly clean.Remove maternal male flower and open female flower before the pollination.Pollination should be in the morning 8～11 o'clock be carried out, and gathers male flower in the male parent strain, and the female flower paper bag of castrating is taken, spread upon uniformly on the female chapiter with male flower pollen, and bagging again after the pollination, and carry out mark.Can stablize the seat melon for the assurance plant, maternal individual plant (3 is climing) hybridization pollination needs finish in 3 days.
5. thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that described castration impurity elimination is after the pollination male parent strain to be pulled out; The young melon of unmarked or Marks Illegible is removed; Morbidity or underdone kind melon are removed; With maternal hybrid strain and have the problem plant to pull out, guarantee seed purity and the quality of the production of hybrid seeds.
6. thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is to gather that described seed collecting is processed when kind of melon full maturity, produce evening time of melon, will plant melon after gathering and be placed on after-ripening in the cool canopy.Collect seed afterwards, cleaned the same day that guarantees to collect seed the same day, avoids muskmelon seeds to germinate.After seed cleans it is dipped in sterilization processing in 2% the hydrogen peroxide solution, fine airing, mechanical selection by winnowing, artificial selected and detect identify after warehouse-in preserve.
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Cited By (12)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103609429A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-03-05 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving yield of muskmelon hybrids by using hormone treatment |
| CN104012293A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Thick-peel cucumis melon seed preparing method capable of lowering germination before harvesting |
| CN104160857A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving yield of cucumis melon hybrid seed production |
| CN104303795A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-28 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | Early-spring greenhouse melon ground-creeping cultivation method |
| CN104350936A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所 | Planting method of cucumis melo with more harvest by one crop |
| CN104956889A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-07 | 吴华球 | Muskmelon plantation method |
| CN106386149A (en) * | 2016-10-22 | 2017-02-15 | 侯亮 | Watermelon sweetness-increasing and high-yield planting method |
| CN106613074A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省寿光市三木种苗有限公司 | Layered melon reserving method of thick-peel melons |
| CN106818144A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | 魏韩英 | A kind of method of little Bai melons rejuvenation |
| CN107667690A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-09 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of thick-skinned melon grafting greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN113498716A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-15 | 山东省农业科学院 | Seed production and high yield method for muskmelon in protected area |
| CN113973707A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 廊坊市科龙种子有限公司 | Pollination method for muskmelon in seed reproduction bud period |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103609429A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-03-05 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving yield of muskmelon hybrids by using hormone treatment |
| CN103609429B (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-10-21 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司 | HORMONE TREATMENT is utilized to improve the method for thick-skinned melon crossbreed output |
| CN104012293A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Thick-peel cucumis melon seed preparing method capable of lowering germination before harvesting |
| CN104012293B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-08-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | A kind of thick-skinned melon producing method for seed reducing preharvest sprouting |
| CN104160857B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-02 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of method improving thick-skinned melon hybrid seed production yields |
| CN104160857A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving yield of cucumis melon hybrid seed production |
| CN104303795A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-28 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | Early-spring greenhouse melon ground-creeping cultivation method |
| CN104350936A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所 | Planting method of cucumis melo with more harvest by one crop |
| CN104956889A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-07 | 吴华球 | Muskmelon plantation method |
| CN106613074A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省寿光市三木种苗有限公司 | Layered melon reserving method of thick-peel melons |
| CN106386149A (en) * | 2016-10-22 | 2017-02-15 | 侯亮 | Watermelon sweetness-increasing and high-yield planting method |
| CN106818144A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | 魏韩英 | A kind of method of little Bai melons rejuvenation |
| CN107667690A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-09 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of thick-skinned melon grafting greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN113498716A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-15 | 山东省农业科学院 | Seed production and high yield method for muskmelon in protected area |
| CN113973707A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 廊坊市科龙种子有限公司 | Pollination method for muskmelon in seed reproduction bud period |
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Application publication date: 20131030 |