CN104160857A - Method for improving yield of cucumis melon hybrid seed production - Google Patents
Method for improving yield of cucumis melon hybrid seed production Download PDFInfo
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- CN104160857A CN104160857A CN201410369703.1A CN201410369703A CN104160857A CN 104160857 A CN104160857 A CN 104160857A CN 201410369703 A CN201410369703 A CN 201410369703A CN 104160857 A CN104160857 A CN 104160857A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the method for improving the yield of cucumis melon hybrid seed production and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. The method is characterized by comprising the steps that when a main vine grows to the length of about 20 cm, four to five main leaves are kept for pinching; four to five side vines are kept, cross pollination is carried out on two to six female flowers of each side vine, and cross pollination is carried out once at nine o'clock to ten o'clock in the morning and once at four o'clock to six o'clock in the afternoon; two to three fruits are kept for each side vine, and when the diameter of each fruit is 10-16 cm, a soft towel disinfected through 75% of ethyl alcohol is used for wiping off the epidermal hair of the young fruits; one to three days after wiping is carried out, 0.1% of Ca (NO3)2 is sprayed on plants and fruit surfaces one to two times in the morning on a sunny day, six to ten fruits are kept for a single plant, and seeds are harvested after the fruits are mature. The method is simple and easy to implement, capable of greatly improving the yield of the cucumis melon hybrid seed production and saving the land cost, and suitable for large-area seed production of cucumis melons.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant variety breeding technology, be specifically related to a kind of raising thick-skinned melon hybrid seed production yields method.
Background technology
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), another name muskmelon, fruit melon, sweet melon etc., the annual climing property herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis.According to statistics, China's muskmelon sowing area is about more than 800 ten thousand mu, and more than 40 hundred million yuan of annual value of production, occupy first place in the world.Within 2012, Jiangsu Province's Muskmelon Planting area is 2.75 ten thousand hectares, the seed demand of muskmelon 8000 ?more than 10000 kilograms.At present, thick-skinned melon variety be take Hybrid as main, and the extensive use of thick-skinned melon heterosis, hybrid vigor new varieties has driven the fast development of muskmelon industry.
At present, the output in muskmelon hybrid seeding process is on the low side, and seed quality and purity are difficult to the development that the problems such as control, production cost height have restricted muskmelon kind industry.On the one hand due to melon, as the improving constantly of facility cropping index, cause the rotation cycle to shorten, soil continuous cropping obstacle aggravation is larger to muskmelon seeds yield effect as production of hybrid seeds land used; Owing to lacking high-yield seeds production technique, blindly increase kind of a melon quantity on the other hand, plant nutrition can not get effective supply, causes plant early ageing, plants melon and is difficult to maturation.Pollination time and pollination cycle not science cause hybridizing fruit-setting rate and decline, be prone to pseudostationary.Pollinate inhomogeneous, to female flower damage is excessive, easily occur malformed fruit and the phenomenon such as do not bear fruit.The research of good quality and high output seeding technique and application are the keys of dealing with problems, and improve individual plant kind melon quantity, can effectively improve the seed amount of unit are, reach the object that improves seed production.In addition, adopt hybridization fruit-setting rate and the rate of setting seeds that the pollinating method of science and suitable pollination cycle can improve muskmelon.Therefore, thick-skinned melon good quality and high output seeding technique has larger promotion potential and wide market, significant to the development of muskmelon kind industry.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the defect existing for prior art, a kind of method that improves thick-skinned melon hybrid seed production yields is provided, and the method is simple, is applicable to producing in enormous quantities seed.
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs: a kind of raising thick-skinned melon hybrid seed production yields method, mainly comprises the following steps:
Step 1, at the main climing 15～25cm that grows to, stay the pinching of 4-5 sheet true leaf;
Step 2, stay 4-5 lateral bine, with a lateral bine 2-6 female flower, carry out hybridization pollination, the front 1 afternoon emasculation of pollinating, and bagging closes flower, in 9-10 point pollination in morning next day 1 time, afternoon, 4-6 point was pollinated 1 time;
Step 3, each lateral bine stay 2-3 of fruit, treat that fruit diameter is 10～16cm, and the soft towel of crossing with 75% alcohol disinfecting is wiped young fruit epidermal hair;
Step 4, within 1-3 days after wiping, select fine day morning with 0.1% Ca (NO
3)
2spray plant and fruit face 1-2 time;
Step 5, individual plant stay 6-10 of fruit, treat fruit maturation, gather and get seed.
Described in step 1, main climing length is 20cm.
Fruit diameter described in step 3 is 10cm.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention is scientific and reasonable: the first, and removal is main climing, can stay the lateral bine of more stalwartnesses, has guaranteed fruit-setting rate; Second, by the main purpose that soft towel (75% alcohol disinfecting) is wiped young fruit epidermal hair, be to stop (slowing down) Fruit, both be conducive to bearing fruit of other fruits of homophyletic, guaranteed again the growth of fruit and seed own, improve individual plant muskmelon number of results, and then improved the seed collecting amount of unit are; The 3rd, pollination consequence face sprays 0.1% Ca (NO
3)
2, prevent the melon that splits in Fruit Development Process, be conducive to the growth of fruit and seed.
Facts have proved, because the 3rd step of the present invention has the effect that stops (slowing down) Fruit, at fruit development, to a certain size, young fruit epidermal hair is wiped, both be conducive to bearing fruit of other fruits of homophyletic, guarantee the bear fruit raising of quantity of individual plant, guarantee again the normal development of fruit and seed, thereby effectively improved the seed collecting amount of unit are.
Evidence, utilize the method can make individual plant knot melon number reach 6 ?10, seed collecting amount improve 3 ?5 times, and percentage of seedgermination reaches more than 95%, seed sprouting is neat, has overcome the few difficult problem of thick-skinned melon production of hybrid seeds amount, effect is very remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The seeding technique of thick-skinned melon ' crisp treasured ':
The preparation on 1 production of hybrid seeds ground
Before field planting, in the canopy of 30d left and right, fill with sufficient water, water irrigating depth 40cm, whole ground after oozing under moisture, 667m
2execute high-quality become thoroughly decomposed pure chicken manure 2000～3000kg, cake fertilizer 2000～3000kg, high-quality composite fertilizer 60kg, potassium sulfate (forbidding potassium chloride) 10～20kg, superphosphate 70～90kg; Be affixed by addition appropriate magnesium, boron, the micro-fertilizer of zinc.During fertilising, note will muck and reclaimed soil fill out in ditch after evenly mixing, the fertilizer applying must become thoroughly decomposed, and prevents unevenness of application and burns seedling.During whole ground, apply 2/3 fertilizer and make base fertilizer, another 1/3 implant bed ditch spread.Ridging is done furrow, the wide 150cm of furrow, the high 40cm of furrow, furrow width 50cm.The slightly dry carbendazim 0.5kg+ of furrow face insecticide 0.5kg spreads fertilizer over the fields on furrow after mixing every other day, with covering with plastic film after cylinder rolling.
2 grow seedlings
The selection of 2.1 female parents and male parent
Parent purity requirement approaches 100%, one, guarantees the germination rate that Parent is higher (germination rate guarantees to be greater than more than 90%), and the 2nd, guarantee that the neat seedling of Parent seedling is strong, be conducive to concentrate pollination.
2.2 grow seedlings
Before sowing with 1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate solution seed soaking 30min, then with the hot water of 55～60 ℃ 10～15min that soaks seed, then use 30 ℃ water seed soaking 8 ?12h, 28 ?vernalization 24h at 30 ℃.After showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, seed adopt 50 hole dishes to grow seedlings, one, every cave.
2.3 planting density
Spacing in the rows 45cm left and right, every 667m
21200～1400 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings.Maternal and male parent is prepared according to the strain number of 15: 1 left and right.
3 field management
3.1 field planting are transplanted
A muskmelon of cultivation in the middle of every furrow, spacing in the rows 45cm.The same day was accomplished fluently hole with card punch in field planting, watered a small amount of normal root water after field planting.
3.2 trainings are stayed climing
At the main climing 20～25cm that grows to, stay the pinching of 4-5 sheet true leaf; Stay 4-5 lateral bine, with lateral bine 2-6 female flower, carry out hybridization pollination; With earth or branch, push down or fixing seedling is climing, in case the climing rolling of seedling and affect young melon; Fixedly seedling is climing can also make spatially rational deployment of plant cauline leaf, makes full use of luminous energy.
3.3 the extermination of disease and insect pest
The main contagious disease of muskmelon has climing rot powdery mildew, anthracnose, fusarium wilt, epidemic disease and climing rot etc., can use respectively the controls such as thiophanate methyl, mancozeb, Pu Like (Propamocarb), fosetyl aluminium MnZn or metalaxyl-mn-zn.Insect mainly contains the soil insects such as black cutworm, cutworm, wireworm and aphid, two spotted spider mite etc., and soil insect can be with period poison baits such as chlorophos; Aphid, two spotted spider mite can prevent and treat with dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and 3000 times of liquid sprayings of 70% propargite of 50% respectively.
4 hybridization pollinations
4.1 roguing
Before the hybridization pollination of field, according to leaf, Ye Se and the change of shape such as stem is thick, must carry out thorough impurity elimination to female parent.Simultaneously after fixed of kind of melon, will carry out a field and differentiate, different kind melon and the natural melons of the Characters such as resistance of all fruit shapes, fruit look, decorative pattern, ripe property of later stage and plant rejected without exception.In whole farm work in early stage process, all to carefully observe, must thoroughly remove different strain.
4.2 choosing flower baggings
Between pollination period, according to the present situation of plant flower bud phase, before pollination is selected flower of female parent in first 1 day, the bud of 1-2d carries out emasculation work, removes stamen, the sepal of maternal female flower with tweezers, then puts little paper cover and mark, and emasculation must be thoroughly clean.With lateral bine 2-6 female flower, carry out hybridization pollination, morning during 9-10 1 time, afternoon during 4-6 1 time;
4.3 stay melon
After every female flower pollination finishes, should put immediately isolation pocket, and carry out obvious hybridization mark.After pollination, treat that fruit diameter is 10cm, with soft towel (75% alcohol disinfecting), young fruit epidermal hair is wiped; After wiping, 1 ?3 becomes a fine day day morning with 0.1% Ca (NO
3)
2spray plant and fruit face 1 ?2 times; Final individual plant stays 7 left and right of fruit.Determine after melon, need carry out a field cleaning work, thoroughly remove natural melon and the different melon without pollination mark, remove diseased plant, weak plant and paternal plant, to guarantee seed production quality.
5 seed collections
5.1 adopt melon
When melon fruit commodity are ripe, seed is mature on the whole, but the seed quality of melon fruit after overdone higher (thousand quality and germination rate all increase).Adopting melon should carry out at fine day the morning, preferably according to different pollination mark dates or ripe property outward appearance, gathers in batches.
5.2 draw kind, elutriation, airing
Kind of melon should cut open as early as possible melon after gathering and get kind, prevents that wilt and anthrax bacteria from invading seed in sporocarp.The seed cleaning up spreads airing on mat or nylon screen, often stirs, and it is dried as early as possible, must guard against to be placed on concrete floor and is exposed to the sun.Also can be in drying in oven, but temperature necessarily can not be over 37 ℃.The examination criteria that airing has been got well is seed moisture content is below 8%.
5.3 minutes grade packaged
The instruments such as dustpan, windmill, the sieve for seed that dry, remove not plump seed, granule, lopsided seed, mould seed, different by the grade of producing, and divide grade packagedly, put goods on the market.
Evidence: adopt the method for the present embodiment can make individual plant knot melon number reach 6-8, seed collecting amount improves 3-5 doubly, and percentage of seedgermination reaches more than 95%, and seed sprouting is neat.
(2) effect is remarkable: the method is simple, seed collecting amount improve 3 ?5 times, and percentage of seedgermination reaches more than 95%, seed sprouting is neat, is applicable to the thick-skinned melon production of hybrid seeds in enormous quantities.
Method of the present invention and conventional method seeding technique are compared, and the comparing result of the two is in Table 1:
The crisp precious production of hybrid seeds example of table 1 melon variety (combination)
Adopt the inventive method can make individual plant knot melon number reach 6.4, and conventional method is generally stayed melon 1-2; Adopt the inventive method, it is not obvious that both differences are measured in single melon seed collecting, conventional method list melon seed collecting amount (318/melon) is a little more than the inventive method list melon seed collecting amount (300/melon), two kinds of method percentage of seedgermination differences not obvious (CK is 97%, and the present invention is 98%); Adopt conventional method (1200 strains/667m
2) 667m
2seed collecting amount 12.36kg, and the inventive method (1200 strains/667m
2) 667m
2seed collecting amount 62.2kg, compared with CK667m
2seed collecting amount improves 4.03 times, and percentage of seedgermination reaches 98%, and seed sprouting is neat.
Claims (3)
1. a method that improves thick-skinned melon hybrid seed production yields, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, at the main climing 15～25cm that grows to, stay the pinching of 4-5 sheet true leaf;
Step 2, stay 4-5 lateral bine, with a lateral bine 2-6 female flower, carry out hybridization pollination, the front 1 afternoon emasculation of pollinating, and bagging closes flower, in 9-10 point pollination in morning next day 1 time, afternoon, 4-6 point was pollinated 1 time;
Step 3, each lateral bine stay 2-3 of fruit, treat that fruit diameter is 10～16cm, and the soft towel of crossing with 75% alcohol disinfecting is wiped young fruit epidermal hair;
Step 4, within 1-3 days after wiping, select fine day morning with 0.1% Ca (NO
3)
2spray plant and fruit face 1-2 time;
Step 5, individual plant stay 6-10 of fruit, treat fruit maturation, gather and get seed.
2. a kind of method that improves thick-skinned melon hybrid seed production yields according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step 1, main climing length is 20cm.
3. a kind of raising thick-skinned melon hybrid seed production yields method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fruit diameter described in step 3 is 10cm.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN106613117A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 明光市大全甜叶菊专业合作社 | Stevia rebaudiana seed seedling raising method |
| CN113498716A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-15 | 山东省农业科学院 | Seed production and high yield method for muskmelon in protected area |
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| CN103371099A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-30 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Good-quality and high-yield seed production technique of muskmelon |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106613117A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 明光市大全甜叶菊专业合作社 | Stevia rebaudiana seed seedling raising method |
| CN113498716A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-15 | 山东省农业科学院 | Seed production and high yield method for muskmelon in protected area |
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