CN106665304A - Jujube tree hybrid seed rapid seedling method based on soilless culture - Google Patents
Jujube tree hybrid seed rapid seedling method based on soilless culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN106665304A CN106665304A CN201611137336.8A CN201611137336A CN106665304A CN 106665304 A CN106665304 A CN 106665304A CN 201611137336 A CN201611137336 A CN 201611137336A CN 106665304 A CN106665304 A CN 106665304A
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- seed
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- jujube tree
- seedling
- drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a jujube tree hybrid seed rapid seedling method based on soilless culture. By the technical measures of refrigeration of hybrid fruits, seed soaking and pregermination with warm water, sowing in a greenhouse, preparation of a seedling substrate, nutrient solution management in the raising seedling period, nutrient solution management in the growth and flowering period and the like, rapid seedling formation of jujube tree hybrid seeds is achieved, and a hybrid population is obtained. By means of the method, the emergence rate of the jujube tree hybrid seeds reaches 57-68%, the planting percent reaches 35-58%, the percentage of flowering plant reaches 62% next year, compared with conventional outdoor sowing, the planting percent of the jujube tree hybrid seeds is greatly increased, seedlings quickly enter the flowering period, and the seed breeding period is shortened. A new path is opened for the rapid seedling culturing of the hybrid seeds and large-scale construction of hybrid populations in the jujube tree hybridization, and the method has a very high application value, and also has a referential significance for culture of hybrid generations of other fruit trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that utilization cultivation technique without soil carries out jujube tree hybrid seed sprouting and rooting.
Background technology
Cross-breeding is one of the most commonly used and effective fruit breeding method.Jujube tree is that China originates in special advantage fruit tree
With the first big dry fruit tree variety.However, jujube tree is difficult due to flower very little, artificial emasculation, percentage of fertile fruit only 1% or so and embryo loses in addition
Educate serious so that the probability that hybrid seed is obtained on jujube tree only has a ten thousandth or so.How quickly will be very rare
Hybrid seed culture seedling, to carry out ahead of time hybrid generation Character Evaluation be to improve one of key of jujube tree cross-breeding efficiency.Mesh
Before, general to process hybrid seed using husky lamination method of hiding, spring in next year is in outdoor sowing, but the hybrid seed emergence rate of the method
Generally only 20% or so, and it is time-consuming longer, bloom to seedling and generally require more than 2 years.Although embryo culture technique may also be employed to obtain
Jujube tree hybrid generation Seedling is obtained, but the planting percent after technical sophistication, and rooting culture is general less than 10%, be also not suitable for extensive miscellaneous
Hand over the culture seedling of progeny population.
Soilless culture (soilless culture) is referred to without natural soil and with the artificial substrate prepared, in trophophase
The cultural method irrigated with nutritional solution.Due to soilless culture can the good rhizospheric environment of artificial creation replacing natural soil
Environment, can effectively prevent the physiological barrier that soil continuous cropping disease and soil salt accumulation are caused, and fully meet plant and mineral nitrogen is sought
Support, the needs of the environmental condition such as moisture, gas, the stock also reusable edible of cultivation, thus have water-saving, save it is fertile,
Saving of labor, environmental protection, it is efficient the advantages of.At present, soilless culture is widely used in the production such as vegetable, flowers, in perennial wood
Also few due to the big application of technical difficulty in this production of fruit trees, with regard to the cultivation technique without soil of jujube tree, there is not been reported.If energy
Cultivation technique without soil is applied in jujube tree hybrid generation nursery, with reference to hybrid seed cold preservation and accelerating germination process, seedling stage nutritional solution
Scientific management, and growth, phase nutritional solution essence buret reason etc. of yielding positive results, it is expected to realize jujube tree hybrid generation sprouting and rooting and open
Flower result, so as to accelerate to obtain hybrid generation colony, and then accelerates jujube tree cross-breeding process.
The content of the invention
The present invention establishes the method using cultivation technique without soil fast culture jujube tree cross hybrid seedling, the fruit that hybridization is obtained
Chilling treatment, then taking out seed carries out presoaking and germinating process, sowing, grow, the phase of yielding positive results implements greenhouse without soil cultivation
Training, realizes jujube tree hybrid seed sprouting and rooting.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：By hybridization obtain fruit carry out 0 DEG C -4 DEG C it is cold
Tibetan is processed, and is removed sarcocarp and stone afterwards, is stripped out seed, seed is carried out presoaking and germinating process, then under greenhouse experiment
It is seeded in turf and perlite mixed-matrix, grows during sand culture mixed-matrix is transferred to when height of seedling reaches 15cm or so, opens
Flower result, is capable of achieving hybridization about 50% hybrid generation of July in next year and yields positive results.
The particular content of the present invention, the i.e. method based on the jujube tree hybrid seed sprouting and rooting of soilless culture are as follows：
（1）Fructus Jujubae fruit period of maturation in the October collection hybridization fruit of the collection of hybridization fruit and chilling treatment in hybridization then, after cleaning
Be put in air permeable wrapping bag, under the conditions of 0-4 DEG C, cold preservation 60d completes the afterripening of hybrid seed, during the cold preservation phase every
7d checks that cleaning fruit prevents fruit mouldy.The conventional Stratificated treatment of the alternative hybrid seed of the method, after significantly shortening seed
Ripe process time.
（2）Seed presoaking and germinating takes out the fruit after chilling treatment, removes sarcocarp, splits Semen Jujubae with pliers folder, strips complete
Seed.Seed is soaked into 4h in 45 DEG C of warm water, the 24h of room temperature seed soaking afterwards, 28 DEG C of constant temperature accelerating germination are until 50% or so seed reveals
In vain, then sow.
（3）Sowing and seedling management are sowed at the seed point through accelerating germination equipped with turf：Perlite=3:1st, water content 60%-
In the hole tray of 70% mixed-matrix, then overlay film moisturizing, under greenhouse（25 DEG C -28 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C -18 DEG C of night）
Nursery.Jing after 2-3 week Seedlings all sprout, start to spray 1/4 concentration nutritional solution, after 4-5 is all, spray 1/2 concentration nutritional solution, nutritional solution is matched somebody with somebody
Fang Jianbiao 1.Late January in next year, to early Febuary, treats the high 10cm of seedling, is colonized after 3-4 piece true leaves.
（4）Field planting opens rectangle plant groove, depth 30cm, width 40cm, spacing 1.2m, paving in groove in heliogreenhouse
Permeable ground cloth, fills turf：Rough sand：Fine sand=2：1：1 sand culture substrate, and drip irrigation zone is installed.Duplicate rows field planting in plant groove,
Seedling carrying substrates are sticked together transplanting by spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 30cm.Drip irrigation clear water after transplanting, 3-5d slow seedlings of sheltering from heat or light.
（5）Growth, period management of yielding positive results start drip irrigation nutrient solution after being colonized 2 weeks（Table 1）, different growing stages nutritional solution is dense
Degree and drip irrigation amount are shown in Table 2.Mid or late April progressively opens daylight film for greenhouse according to ambient temperature condition, makes cross hybrid seedling outdoor
Under the conditions of fast-growth and yield positive results.
1 nutrient solution prescription table of table
2 different growing stage nutrient solution concentration table of table
The beneficial effect of patent of the present invention is that cultivation technique without soil is applied in the nursery of jujube tree hybrid seed, by optimization
Hybridization fruit cold storage and presprouting of seeds technology, nursery and different growth phases drip irrigation ratio of nutrient solution concentration etc., realize miscellaneous
Hand over seed sprouting and rooting to bloom, and significantly improve the planting percent and seedling quality of jujube tree hybrid seed.Reveal with conventional April
Ground sowing spring next year blooms and compares, and can be emerged ahead of time growth 4 months using this method, realize then flowering rate up to 62.5% with
On, planting percent also brings up to 30%-50% by the 10% of outdoor sowing, so as to efficiently solve jujube tree hybrid seed planting percent it is low,
The problems such as seedling is of poor quality, filial generation evaluation cycle is long, can greatly accelerate jujube tree cross-breeding process, improve breeding efficiency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 JMS2 seed nucleus and seed
Fig. 2 seed presoaking and germinatings
Fig. 3 seed sproutings
Fig. 4 hybrid Seedling field planting grooves and substrate
The miscellaneous planting seedlings growing states of Fig. 5
Fig. 6 hybrids Seedling is bloomed situation then.
Specific embodiment
In April, 2015, jujube tree cover network control is carried out in ten nursery stock center resources gardens of the first teacher of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang
System hybridization, with male sterility 2（JMS2）5 two cross combinations of MS2 × Xing 16 and JMS2 × friendship are provided with for female parent, while setting
The combination of Fructus Jujubae and honey pot Fructus Jujubae Parent each other is put, Different Cross Combinations have been covered in different nets.The 5-7 months are put in net
Put Apiss to be pollinated, obtain the fruit 831 of 16 cross combination of JMS2 × Xing, 5 cross combination of JMS2 × friendship mid-October
Fruit 435, the fruit 45 of Fructus Jujubae × honey pot cross combination, the fruit 220 of honey pot × Fructus Jujubae cross combination.With wet
The net fruit surface dust of towel, labelling hybridization Parent, is put into breathable plasticss bag, in 0-4 DEG C of refrigerator after drying slightly
Chilling treatment 60d.Take out the fruit of cold preservation mid-December, remove sarcocarp and obtain hybridization seed nucleus, seed nucleus are split with pliers folder and stripped out
Whole seed, the seed number of the final Different Cross Combinations for obtaining are respectively：JMS2 × Xing 16 combines 502, wherein 451 is full,
51 not full；JMS2 × friendship 5 combines 52, wherein 50 is full, 2 not full；Fructus Jujubae × honey pot combines 20, Mel
Tank × Fructus Jujubae combines 10, full.Full seed is soaked seed in 45 DEG C of greenhouses 4h, soak seed under room temperature 24h, in illumination cultivation
28 DEG C of constant temperature accelerating germination 24h-28h of case, after about 50% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, prepare seeding and seedling raising.
The full seed that will be processed through accelerating germination, point are sowed at equipped with turf：Perlite=3:1st, the mixing of water content about 70%
In 32 hole disks of substrate, overlay film moisturizing, under intelligent greenhouse environment（22 DEG C -28 DEG C of daytime, 8 DEG C -15 DEG C of night）Nursery.Jing
2-3 is all, and Seedling starts to spray 1/4 concentration nutritional solution after all sprouting, and 1/2 concentration nutritional solution is sprayed after 4-5 is all, and nutrient solution prescription is improvement
Japanese garden formula formula.Early Febuary, height of seedling 10cm prepare field planting when growing 3-4 piece true leaves.
Rectangle plant groove, height 30cm, width 40cm, paving permeable ground cloth in groove, filling grass are opened in heliogreenhouse
Charcoal：Rough sand：Fine sand=2：1:1 substrate, installs drip irrigation zone.Plant groove in duplicate rows field planting, spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 30cm.Will be front
State seedling band Tu Tuo to be colonized to transplant.Drip irrigation clear water after transplanting, the 3-5d that shelters from heat or light carry out slow seedling.Start drip irrigation nutrition after being colonized 2 weeks
Liquid, 3-5 month trophophases, 1 times of concentration nutritional solution of drip irrigation, each drip irrigation 3 minutes to drenched root system, weekly drip irrigation nutrient solution 1-2
It is secondary；Late April opens heliogreenhouse thin film, carries out cultivation management under open-air condition.June enters 2 times of drip irrigation after the phase of yielding positive results
Concentration nutritional solution, each drip irrigation 5min to drenched root system, weekly drip irrigation nutrient solution 2-3 time.Control treatment is：In April, 2016
Husky 100, the JMS2 seeds hidden after lamination are seeded in into field resource garden, normal management.
In April, 2016 is investigated, and 2 JMS2 cross combinations emerge 258 plants and 34 plants respectively, emergence rate up to 57% and 68%, most
160 plants and 29 plants of whole seedling, planting percent is up to 35% and 58%；Fructus Jujubae × honey pot and the emergence rate difference of honey pot × Fructus Jujubae combination
For 45% and 60%.In July, 2016, the hybridization height of seedling of Different Cross Combinations reach 50cm or so, wherein honey pot × Fructus Jujubae group
The hybrid generation of conjunction enters florescence, and wherein Fructus Jujubae blooms 5 plants, and honey pot blooms 5 plants, wherein 1 plant is beared fruit, strain rate of blooming reaches
62.5%.Control treatment, May emerge 12 plants, and emergence rate is 12%, July it is final only 3 plants of Seedling, and growing way is weaker.Practice should
With proof, the sprouting and rooting of jujube tree hybrid seed is capable of achieving using patented method of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of the jujube tree hybrid seed sprouting and rooting based on soilless culture, it is characterised in that utilize greenhouse soilless culture
Technology realizes the sprouting and rooting of jujube tree hybrid seed, including following step：
（1）Hybridization gathers the hybridization fruit of maturation, the cold preservation 60d under the conditions of 0-4 DEG C then；
（2）The hybridization fruit through cold preservation is taken out, complete seed is stripped out, 4h is soaked by seed first in 45 DEG C of warm water, it
Afterwards room temperature seed soaking 24h, then 28 DEG C of constant temperature accelerating germination 24-28h show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed；
（3）Under intelligent greenhouse environment（22-28 DEG C of daytime, 8-15 DEG C of night）Seed after accelerating germination is seeded in into turf：Margarita
Rock=3:1st, in the mixed-matrix of water content 60%-70%, rear covering with plastic film is broadcast, starts to spray 1/4 concentration nutrition after 2-3 of emerging is all
Liquid, sprays 1/2 concentration nutritional solution after 4-5 is all；The formula of nutritional solution is the Japanese garden formula formula of improvement, after 8 weeks, grows up to and treats transplanting children
Seedling；
（4）Rectangle plant groove is opened in heliogreenhouse, in plant groove, turf is dosed：Rough sand：Fine sand=2：1：1 sand culture substrate,
Plant groove on drip irrigation zone is installed, will seedling carrying substrates transplant stick together be transplanted to transplant groove in；Drip irrigation clear water after transplanting, shelter from heat or light 3-
5d；Start 1/4 concentration nutritional solution of drip irrigation after transplanting 2 weeks, drip irrigation nutrient solution 1-2 time weekly grew up to cross hybrid seedling after 2-3 month；The
2 year spring opened the canopy film of heliogreenhouse after open country jujube tree germinates, and cross hybrid seedling is grown under open-air condition；Cross hybrid seedling enters
After entering florescence, 2 times of concentration nutritional solutions of drip irrigation, drip irrigation nutrient solution 2-3 time weekly.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107135942A (en) * | 2017-06-04 | 2017-09-08 | 滨州市沾化区冬枣实业总公司 | A kind of breeding method of triploid winter jujube |
| CN107258435A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-20 | 江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | It is a kind of to promote citrus to do sth. in advance the method yielded positive results |
| CN114451096A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-10 | 邢台学院 | Efficient wild jujube seedling cultivation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107135942A (en) * | 2017-06-04 | 2017-09-08 | 滨州市沾化区冬枣实业总公司 | A kind of breeding method of triploid winter jujube |
| CN107258435A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-20 | 江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | It is a kind of to promote citrus to do sth. in advance the method yielded positive results |
| CN114451096A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-10 | 邢台学院 | Efficient wild jujube seedling cultivation method |
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