CN102217484A - Easy and fast seedling method for hybrid pear seeds - Google Patents
Easy and fast seedling method for hybrid pear seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an easy and fast seedling method for hybrid pear seeds, which comprises the steps of fruit management, seed management and seedling management, wherein the fruit management is as follows: hybrid fruits can be collected in 5-10 days before morphological maturity and are aired and pre-arranged for 3-4h, and then are instantly arranged in a miniature mechanical refrigeratory for refrigeration under the temperature of 3-5 DEG C and a humidity of 85-95 percent; and the hybrid fruits can be stored until the first ten-day period of January in next year in the refrigeratory; the seed management is as follows: the hybrid fruits are delivered from the refrigeratory and are immediately cleaned and then are aired for 48h under a room temperature (0-10 DEG C); then the hybrid fruits are dipped for 0.5-1.0h by formaldehyde (formalin) 100 times liquid with a concentration of 40 percent; and then the hybrid fruits are directly sown without sand storage and lamination; and the seedling management is as follows: when the cotyledons of the seedlings are developed to two cotyledons and one core, the cotyledons are directly transplanted to a selective nursery in the current year with a permanent planting density of 2.0m*1.0m; and only the central trunks of the seedlings are maintained for extended growing so as to increase the height of crowns and try to enter the 'childhood length' of the adult stage as early as possible and shorten the childhood period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree crossbreeding field, particularly relate to the cultivation of hybrid seedling in the pears crossbreeding process.
Background technology
The maturation of fruit tree seed is the process that development of fertilized ova becomes to have the embryo and the various nutriments of continuous accumulation of radicle, plumule, plumular axis and cotyledon.The seed of most fruit trees enters morphological maturity after physiological ripening, show as to darken, and the densification of kind skin is hard, has full ripe feature in appearance.The seed of deciduous fruit tree has the characteristic of natural dormancy, can not sprout though give suitable conditions for germination, needs the low temperature lamination could sprout by after-ripening, and existing method is the husky lamination of hiding.
In temperate zone deciduous fruit tree pears crossbreeding process, seed reached physiological ripening when the allocarpy full maturity was gathered, but this moment, seed can not be sprouted, and still needing enters resting state, could sprout by morphological maturity.Existing method is to treat that fruit is fully ripe, washes and plants seed refrigeration, completion morphology maturation; Hiding the lamination breaking dormancy by sand then sows.Its shortcoming is that seed storage, lamination and save routine are numerous and diverse, and the cost height has a big risk; Seeding ratio is low, and amount of growth is little, and seedling need grow to next year in the seedbed, just can be transplanted to selective nursery on the 3rd year; The hybrid seedling seedling-slowing stage is long, and nutrient accumulation is few, and the virgin phase is longer.
Therefore,, how to invent a kind of easy method and reduce the numerous and diverse save routine of hybrid seed for the pears crossbreeding, improve hybrid seed emergence rate, the process that shortens the pears crossbreeding is a pears crossbreeding work problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the prior art problem, spy of the present invention provides a kind of pears hybrid seed simple and easy fast seedling-cultivating method, can significantly improve the emergence rate of seed, the seedling-slowing stage and the virgin phase of simplifying the seed management program and shortening hybrid seedling, improve the operating efficiency of pears crossbreeding.
The technical solution used in the present invention
The simple and easy fast seedling-cultivating method of a kind of pears hybrid seed may further comprise the steps:
(1) fruit management:
The hybrid fruit is suitably gathered (preceding 5-10 days of this kind morphological maturity) in advance, refrigeration immediately after the allocarpy after gathering is sterilized, dried; The equipment of refrigeration is the small-sized machine freezer, 3-5 ℃ of holding conditions temperature, humidity 85-95%; Storage time is extremely to early January in next year in the tangible freezer of allocarpy;
(2) seed management
Kind is washed in the allocarpy outbound immediately, peels off fruit, takes out seed; Hybrid seed was the following airing of room temperature (0-10 ℃) 2 days, and the seed soaking sterilization is dried in the shade; The seedbed is finished and is applied fertilizer to the subsoil, whole ground, soil disinfection, trench digging; Hybrid seed does not need through the husky lamination of hiding, and directly lands sowing; Furrow ridge, seedbed lid layer mulch film is put up the little shed of plastic film again, when the back temperature of emerging is high, takes off film and ventilates;
(3) seedling management
Seedling cotyledon is carried out to two leaves and wholeheartedly the time, is transplanted to selective nursery, and plantation density is 2.0m * 1.0m; The 5-8 month rationally topdresses in good time then, is aided with blade face " two sprays "; The pruning of seedling phase is removed the bottom and is crossed multi-branched, and only the reservation center is done and prolonged growth, increases height of tree crown, reaches " Tong Cheng " that enter the manhood as early as possible.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) ambient stable of seed maturity, the quality height.Hybrid seed is finished physiological ripening and morphological maturity in fruit, little territory ecotope of fruit ventricle is a maternal environment, stablizes seed development quality height lastingly; Prolong the storage period of fruit in freezer, up to the outbound of early January in next year;
(2) do not need the husky lamination of hiding, program is succinct.During the fruit storage, seed is finished seed afterripening in the ventricle of pear fruit, need not pass through existing husky Tibetan method, directly sows, and alleviates the mechanical loss of chitting piece, and is easy and simple to handle; Seed quality is good simultaneously, and it is neat to germinate, the emergence rate height;
(3) the hybrid seedling growth is fast, shortens the transitional period.Heat by the mulch film shed, transplant then, topdress in good time, measures such as rational pruning, quicken the growth of seedling, shorten the seedling-slowing stage and the virgin phase of seedling, realize hybrid seed sowing then, emerge then, transplant planting then, thereby quicken hybrid seedling and enter the manhood early, blossom and bear fruit.
Embodiment
Experiment illustration 1: the emergence rate that fruit is suitably early adopted (combination: Jinsui River No. 2 * sweet osmanthus pears)
Table 1 fruit is suitably early adopted the influence to hybrid seed quantity and emergence rate
So-called maturation is a finger-type attitude maturation in the fruit production process, and many features that show during from fruit and seed maturity are identified in the breeding practice.Become this kind or planted intrinsic color and luster by green as fruit is many, pulp is because the activity of pectase is strengthened and deliquescing, and moisture contained in the seed reduces, and dry matter accumulates gradually, and weight increases, and enriches fullly, plants that the color of the leather pool is deepened and glossy.Fruit is gathered too early, and seed is ripe, embryo hypoplasia, and the deficiency that reserves nutrient, a little less than the vitality, germination rate is low; Fruit is crossed altricial ripe, and pulp is soft excessively, subjects to damage by disease and insect harm such as ring spot, bird pest, causes fruit rot and shedding.We are by the suitable influence of early adopting fruit quantity, fruit storage performance, seed number and the quantity of emerging of the hybrid combination check cross fruit of Jinsui River No. 2 * sweet osmanthus pears.We make up 6 strain parents to this and have carried out the fruit thinning processing, determine parent's totally 3 strains of phase in different mining time receiving, the expression of listing respectively, and every processing (amounting to 3 strains) keeps 75 of hybridization young fruits altogether.Collecting time is respectively July 12 and (table 1) on the 22nd, and 3 strain parents amounted to 73 of picking fruits when July 12 gathered, and the fruit pericarp is emerald green, and seed is yellowish-white, and the edge is light brown; 3 strain parents amount to 64 of picking fruits when gathering in 22nd, and what the storage rate of fruit on the parent tree gathered than 12 days hangs down 12%.The good fruit quantity of suitably early adopting processing during outbound is 70, and good fruit rate is that the good fruit quantity of gathering in 95.89%, 22 is 56.The allocarpy of gathering in 12nd washes out 447 in seed altogether, and that gathered than 22 days has more 16.10%; The quantity of emerging is 375 strains, and that gathered than 22 days exceeds 13.29%.Checking is the result show: the suitable gather ahead of time of hybridization fruit (preceding 5-10 days of morphological maturity), can improve hybrid seed quantity and emergence rate in the crossbreeding process.
Experiment illustration 2: seed is directly sowed the influence (combination: early shortcake * kingfisher is preced with) to emergence rate
Table 2 is directly sowed the influence to the hybrid seed emergence rate
| Fruit quantity (individual) | The outbound time | Seed amount (grain) | Method for treating seeds | The quantity of emerging (strain) | Emergence rate (%) |
| 63 | 10.16 | 301 | The husky Tibetan handled | 244 | 81.06 |
| 63 | (01.06 next year) | 297 | Directly sowing | 251 | 84.51 |
Behind the pears seed maturity, water content reduces, and the nutriment of storage has synthesized not diffluent polymer substance and has been in resting state, and seed demand is drawn certain moisture, handles and could germinate through the lamination of certain hour under low temperature, ventilation, wet condition; By after-ripening, in a series of physiological change of the inner generation of seed, strengthen by water absorbing capacity during lamination for seed, and the activity of plasmic permeability and enzyme improves, and complicated organic matter gradates and is simple organic matter, and last embryo begins to sprout.Existing method is to hide lamination by sand, promotes kind of an embryo germination, and the program complexity has a big risk.Just by after-ripening, sprout when washing kind by embryo at the freezer duration of storage for seed in the test illustration.We tested by the combination of shortcake * kingfisher hat early in order to verify the influence of different method for treating seeds to seeding ratio in 2008.The allocarpy real number amount that this combination is gathered is 126, divides equally at random, and each handles 63 fruits, the sign of listing respectively.The outbound time is respectively October 16 and January 6 next year (table 2), and after the fruit of outbound on the 16th in October washed out seed, shady dried being placed in the refrigerator refrigerated, and carries out sand on December 8 and hides processing, sowing on January 9; After the fruit of outbound on the 6th in January washed out seed, seed is airing 48h under room temperature (0-10 ℃), soaked 1-2h with 500 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wetting powder then, directly sowed in the seedbed in 9th.The result shows: the husky quantity of emerging of hiding processing is 244 strains, and directly few 7 strains of the quantity of emerging are handled in sowing; The husky emergence rate of hiding processing is 81.06%, and directly sowing is handled low 3.45 percentage points.Main cause is seed fully after-ripening in parent of outbound fruit on the 6th in January, and the seed major part that washes out is the start powder mouth, exposes plumule, demonstrates vigorous vitality; October 16 the outbound fruit, the seed that washes out is also wanted shady and is done, and hides in refrigerator and cooled, has broken away from the ecosystem condition of parent, and through the husky seed of handling of hiding, plumule exposes longer, causes mechanical loss easily in the process of sowing.Directly the advantage of sowing is to have reduced seed and dries, and places refrigerator and cooled to hide, and huskyly simultaneously hides numerous and diverse work such as handling after 1 month sowing, and the saving cost reduces the risk that the various errors in the working link cause simultaneously.
The experiment illustration 3: transplant then to the selective nursery seedling to the solid influence of growing
Table 3 is transplanted seedling then to the solid influence of growing (combination: early shortcake * kingfisher is preced with)
| Handle | Quantity (strain) | Survival rate (%) | The height of tree (m) | Trunk diameter (cm) | The strain rate of blooming (%) |
| Transplant then | 45 | 100 | 3.02 | 2.24 | 35.56 |
| Transplant next year | 45 | 100 | 2.78 | 2.11 | 28.89 |
We had carried out different processing experiments to the hybrid seedling of hybrid combination in 2007 shortcake * kingfisher morning hat in order to verify that direct transplanting is to shortening seedling-slowing stage and the influence of virgin phase then for the hybrid seedling seedling in 2008.
Transplant to handle then: on March 9th, 2008, directly early the hybrid be preced with of the shortcake * kingfisher seedling cotyledon that grows directly from seeds is carried out to two leaves and is transplanted to selective nursery wholeheartedly the time, and plantation density is 2.0m * 1.0m; 5-8 month duty was executed, is approached spraying fertilizer 2-3 time in 2008, and ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=2: 2: 1, under tree crown, open annular groove or radial furrow applies, carry out spray leaf fertilizer 4-5 time in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously, concentration is urea 0.3%-0.5%+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%-0.3%; Pruning, the pruning of seedling phase is removed the bottom and is crossed multi-branched, and only the reservation center is done and is prolonged growth, increases height of tree crown, reaches " Tong Cheng " that enter the manhood as early as possible.
Transplant next year and handle: in late December, 2008, seedling is transplanted to selective nursery after growing nearly 1 year in the seedbed, and in the last ten-days period, seedling is transplanted to selective nursery after growing nearly 1 year in the seedbed, and plantation density is 2.0m * 1.0m.
Analyze by table 3, transplant the average plant height 3.02m of cross hybrid seedling that handles then, exceed 8.63% than transplanting next year to handle; Trunk is 2.24cm apart from the diameter at ground 20cm place, exceeds 6.16% than transplanting next year to handle; The strain number of blooming is 16 strains, and the strain rate of blooming is 35.56%, exceeds 6.67 percentage points than transplanting next year to handle.The result show with grew in the seedbed nearly 1 year after big transplantation of seedlings compare, the hybridization seedling then two leaves wholeheartedly the time direct transplanting short to the selective nursery seedling-slowing stage, the hybrid seedling amount of growth is big, can significantly shorten the virgin phase of hybrid seedling, improve the strain rate of blooming of hybrid seedling, thereby shorten the process of pears crossbreeding work.
The specific embodiment of the invention:
One, fruit management
The hybrid fruit is suitably gathered in advance, and promptly this kind morphological maturity can be gathered in preceding 5-10 days, and this phase fruit size basic forming, kernel seed coat colour begin flavescence; After allocarpy after gathering was rejected disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, fruitlet, the carbendazol wettable powder with 50% soaked 2h for 500 times, puts in advance and dries 3-4h, places small-sized mechanical freezer to refrigerate immediately.The condition of refrigeration is temperature 3-5 ℃, humidity 85-95%; Storage time is extremely to early January in next year in the tangible freezer of allocarpy;
Two, seed management
Kind is washed in the allocarpy outbound immediately, peels off fruit, takes out seed; Hybrid seed is airing 48h under room temperature (0-10 ℃), with 100 times of liquid seed soaking of 40% formaldehyde (formalin) 0.5-1.0h.Seedbed ground is admixed 20 times fine earth with 5% phoxim granule and is mixed cultivatedly, or doubly drenches with 2.5% cream of decamethrin 2000-2500 and to execute; Open the bar ditch of dark 2-3cm during sowing, the about 0.5cm of thickness of earth covering.Seedbed furrow ridge lid layer mulch film after planting, and then put up the little shed of plastic film; Seed after the sterilization does not need to hide lamination by sand, directly sows in the seedbed.
Three, seedling management
After the planting seed 15 days, seedling begins to be unearthed successively, when temperature is higher than 15 ℃, removes ridge face mulch film; Emerged back 3-4 days, nursery soil drenches executes 1-2 all over 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder+2.5% cream of decamethrin 2000-2500 times liquid.Seedling cotyledon is carried out to two leaves and wholeheartedly the time, is transplanted to selective nursery, and plantation density is 2.0m * 1.0m; Transplant then that 5-8 month duty is executed, thin spraying fertilizer 2-3 time, ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=2: 2: 1, under tree crown, open annular groove or radial furrow applies, carry out spray leaf fertilizer 4-5 time in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously, concentration is urea 0.3%-0.5%+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%-0.3%; Pruning, the pruning of seedling phase is removed the bottom and is crossed multi-branched, and only the reservation center is done and is prolonged growth, increases height of tree crown, reaches " Tong Cheng " that enter the manhood as early as possible.
The present invention not only is confined to above embodiment, and anyone can obtain its similar method under enlightenment of the present invention, but it does any change in form, and existing identical or close technical scheme all falls into protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. simple and easy fast seedling-cultivating method of pears hybrid seed may further comprise the steps:
(1) fruit management
The hybrid fruit is suitably gathered in advance, and promptly this kind morphological maturity can be gathered in preceding 5-10 days, and this phase fruit size basic forming, kernel seed coat colour begin flavescence; After allocarpy after gathering was rejected disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, fruitlet, the carbendazol wettable powder with 50% soaked 2h for 500 times, dries and puts 3-4h in advance, places small-sized mechanical freezer to refrigerate immediately.The condition of refrigeration is temperature 3-5 ℃, humidity 85-95%; Storage time is extremely to early January in next year in the tangible freezer of allocarpy;
(2) seed management
Kind is washed in the allocarpy outbound immediately, peels off fruit, takes out seed; Hybrid seed is airing 48h under room temperature (0-10 ℃), with 100 times of liquid seed soaking of 40% formaldehyde (formalin) 0.5-1.0h.Seedbed ground is admixed 20 times fine earth with 5% phoxim granule and is mixed cultivatedly, or doubly drenches with 2.5% cream of decamethrin 2000-2500 and to execute; Open the bar ditch of dark 2-3cm during sowing, the about 0.5cm of thickness of earth covering.Seedbed furrow ridge lid layer mulch film after planting, and then put up the little shed of plastic film; Seed after the sterilization does not need to hide lamination by sand, directly sows in the seedbed.
(3) seedling management
After the planting seed 15 days, seedling begins to be unearthed successively, when temperature is higher than 15 ℃, removes ridge face mulch film; Emerged back 3-4 days, nursery soil drenches executes 1-2 all over 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder+2.5% cream of decamethrin 2000-2500 times liquid.Seedling cotyledon is carried out to two leaves and wholeheartedly the time, is transplanted to selective nursery, and plantation density is 2.0m * 1.0m; Transplant then that 5-8 month duty is executed, thin spraying fertilizer 2-3 time, ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=2: 2: 1, under tree crown, open annular groove or radial furrow applies, carry out spray leaf fertilizer 4-5 time in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously, concentration is urea 0.3%-0.5%+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%-0.3%; Pruning, the pruning of seedling phase is removed the bottom and is crossed multi-branched, and only the reservation center is done and is prolonged growth, increases height of tree crown, reaches " Tong Cheng " that enter the manhood as early as possible.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (1) the fruit picking time is that the hybrid fruit is suitably gathered in advance, promptly can gather in 5-10 days before this kind morphological maturity; Storage time is extremely to early January in next year in the tangible freezer of allocarpy.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described step (2) seed does not need to hide lamination by sand, directly sows in the seedbed; Furrow ridge, seedbed lid layer mulch film, and then put up the little shed of plastic film; Sow then seedling cotyledon in the described step (3) and carry out to two leaves and wholeheartedly the time, transplant to selective nursery, proportion of additional fertilizer is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=2: 2: 1, foliage-spray urea 0.3%-0.5%+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%-0.3%, the pruning of seedling phase is removed the bottom and is crossed multi-branched, and only the reservation center is done and is prolonged growth, increases height of tree crown.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102884924A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-23 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Rapid container seedling culturing method for peach |
| CN103392550A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-20 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method of increasing seedling rate and seedling quality for sand pear hybrid seeds |
| CN104186190A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-10 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Rapid seedling method of fruit tree hybrid seeds |
| CN104365214A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Simple method for improving emergence rate of pear hybrid seeds |
| CN105660237A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Method for shortening juvenile period of directive breeding hybrid seedlings of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. |
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| CN106665304A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-17 | 河北农业大学 | Jujube tree hybrid seed rapid seedling method based on soilless culture |
| CN106818386A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of Chinese chestnut hybrid seedling breeding method |
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| CN108293553A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-07-20 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of pears seed sowing crossbreeds strong sprout method |
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| CN103392550A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-20 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method of increasing seedling rate and seedling quality for sand pear hybrid seeds |
| CN103392550B (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method of increasing seedling rate and seedling quality for sand pear hybrid seeds |
| CN104186190B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2017-06-16 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Fruit tree hybrid seed sprouting and rooting method |
| CN104186190A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-10 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | Rapid seedling method of fruit tree hybrid seeds |
| CN104365214A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Simple method for improving emergence rate of pear hybrid seeds |
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