CN103392550A - Method of increasing seedling rate and seedling quality for sand pear hybrid seeds - Google Patents
Method of increasing seedling rate and seedling quality for sand pear hybrid seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN103392550A CN103392550A CN2013103146250A CN201310314625A CN103392550A CN 103392550 A CN103392550 A CN 103392550A CN 2013103146250 A CN2013103146250 A CN 2013103146250A CN 201310314625 A CN201310314625 A CN 201310314625A CN 103392550 A CN103392550 A CN 103392550A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of increasing seedling rate and seedling quality for sand pear hybrid seeds. The method includes the steps of 1, preparing nutrient substrate; 2, making nutrition pots; 3, sowing seeds; 4, setting up a small tunnel; 5, managing hybrid seedlings; 6, exercising the seedlings; 7, transplanting hybrid seedlings. The method has the advantages that seedling rate of the sand pear hybrid seeds can be above 80%, average thickness of the seedlings is more than 0.75cm, the average height of the seedlings is more than 120cm, and the number of leaves per seedling is averagely more than 84.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit tree technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of method that improves Chinese pear hybrid seed planting percent and seedling quality.
Background technology
Pear in the rose family (
Rosaceae) Maloideae (
Maloideae) pear (
Pyrus) plant, be tall this deciduous fruit tree.Chinese pear is that the large cultivated species of pear plant four is one of white pear, Chinese pear, Ussurian pear, European pear, has the characteristics such as juice is many, flavor is sweet, meat is crisp, liked by consumers in general.Chinese pear is studied extremely world scholar's extensive concern, as Chinese pear breeding of new variety, genetic development research, genetic map construction etc., is emphasis and the focus of studying now.The essential condition of carrying out above-mentioned research is the reliably typical hybrid Population that some will be arranged, and the key of hybrid Population structure success or failure is hybrid seed planting percent and seedling quality.Hybrid seed is after planting because the planting percent that the plague of rats, underground pests, the abiotic stress impact such as the biological adverse circumstance such as disease and freeze injury on the ground cause is low, the not high phenomenon of seedling quality is of common occurrence, becomes one of bottleneck of Chinese pear research in Chinese pear scientific research, breeding.
In Chinese pear hybrid seed sowing seedling process, Major Diseases is damping off and damping off.Damping off is commonly called as " seedling ", " mould ", " bound feet pest ", by the plant disease in fungus-caused seedling stage such as pythium (Pythium), Phytophthora (Phytophthora), silk core genus (Rhizoctonia).Germ breeding when 15 ℃～16 ℃ of soil temperatures is the fastest, and suitable morbidity ground temperature is 10 ℃, therefore be beneficial to morbidity during low, the high humidity of seedling bed temperature in early spring.Illumination is not enough, sows overstockedly, and seedling excessive growth is often fallen ill heavier.Rear ponding place or the film place of dripping of watering, susceptible disease and become infection center.Damping off claims again " dead seedling ",, mainly by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (formal name used at school Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, English name Sheath Blight), belongs to the Deuteromycotina fungal infection and causes.Germ grows 20 ℃～24 ℃ of thermophilics.The seedling and the seedlings that just have been unearthed all can be injured, and are general many in the middle and later periods generation of growing seedlings.How the higher or deuterogenesis that grows seedlings of bed temperature in seedling stage, overcast and rainy many wet, soil is excessively glutinous, the continuous cropping morbidity is heavy.Sow overstocked, thinning not in time, excess Temperature easily brings out this disease.The main distinction of damping off and damping off: after damping off often occurs in and comes up, before true leaf not yet launches, produce cotton-shaped white mould, the lodging process is very fast, main harm seedling base portion and stem; Damping off is many to be occurred in the middle and later periods of growing seedlings, in morbidity without the non-lodging in process of falling ill of cotton-shaped white mould, plant.Temperature is easily causing damping off below 15 ℃, damping off easily occurs under 20 ℃～24 ℃ conditions.Seedling stage, Major Pests was the soil insects such as mouse, grub, mole cricket, cutworm, ate the pear tree seed to cause and can not emerge in seedbed, and the rhizome of also gnawing seedling causes dead seedling and causes disease.
The conventional method of cultivating the Chinese pear cross hybrid seedling has following two kinds:
The one, hybrid seed is hidden lamination through sand and is processed to the powder mouth, and sowing, off-the-shelf large Tanaka, covers the mulch film heat and moisture preserving, and the sowing time is generally in the 1-2 month in December to next year, is transplanted to large Tanaka after waiting spring temperature to go up, and transplanting time is generally in March.
The 2nd, hybrid seed is hidden lamination through sand and is processed to sowing after the powder mouth be placed in greenhouse in the dish of cave, is transplanted to large Tanaka after waiting spring temperature to go up, and transplanting time is generally in March.
There is following shortcoming in first method: (1) hybrid seed easily is subject to soil insect causes harm, and as harm such as mouse, cutworms, when serious, emergence rate is 0; (2) seedling stage, damping off and damping off were serious, affected the cross hybrid seedling growth, caused death when serious; (3) extreme low temperature weather occurs, easily produce freeze injury, severe patient causes cross hybrid seedling dead.
Also there is following shortcoming in second method: (1) disease in greenhouse is difficult to control, and the damping off incidence of disease is high; (2) before cross hybrid seedling is transplanted to land for growing field crops from greenhouse, one section loaded down with trivial details hardening process is arranged; (3) cross hybrid seedling is transplanted to large field from the dish of cave, the seedling-slowing stage of one period long period is arranged, affect the amount of growth of cross hybrid seedling.
Conventional method is cultivated the Chinese pear cross hybrid seedling, cause harm and the sprout term disease impact because of the plague of rats, soil insect, the hybrid seed planting percent only has 30% left and right, and the cross hybrid seedling growth is also bad, rugosity and highly do not reach the requirement of research sampling, prematurely senile little old man's seedling accounts for more than 50%.
The hybrid seed planting percent is low, and hybrid generation's quantity of acquisition is few, is difficult to the Population that guarantees that scientific research institution needs.The hybrid Population that obtains same quantity need to carry out more substantial crossing work, and time and effort consuming, increased scientific research cost; The cross hybrid seedling growth quality is poor, is difficult to meet the needs, particularly crossbreeding of scientific research sampling, if the cross hybrid seedling growth is bad, time that need to be longer just can enter fruiting period, extends breeding cycle.Therefore, a kind of method that improves Chinese pear hybrid seed planting percent and seedling quality of research is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly improve that Chinese pear hybrid seed damage by disease and insect is few, planting percent is high, seedling quality good and simple and easy to do seedling-cultivating method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of breeding method that improves Chinese pear hybrid seed planting percent and seedling quality, the steps include:
1, the preparation of nutrient matrix
At high temperature season, soil, sand, turfy soil are mixed thoroughly by the volume ratio of 2:1:1, the matrix that then will prepare is spread out on cement flooring, spreads out into 20cm high, and length is not limit, and tans by the sun and carries out the sunning sterilization processing in 10 days, then stacks and covers stand-by with film; Before the nutritive cube of packing into,, with 1000 times of saturating matrix of water-soluble fertile spray of 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg, mix thoroughly, then use 600 times of carbendazim disinfections, mix thoroughly, cover 7 days with film finally and use afterwards;
2, nutritive cube is made
The nutritive cube specification: nutritive cube base diameter 45mm, top diameter 73mm, height 73mm, have circular hole, Circularhole diameter 10mm in the middle of bottom; The above-mentioned nutrient matrix for preparing is packed in nutritive cube, after the matrix of packing into nutritive cube till shaking gently on concrete floor and no longer continuing to matrix to sink, matrix is advisable from nutritive cube bore 2cm;
3, sowing
To hide lamination through sand and process to the sowing of the hybrid seed of powder mouth in ready nutritive cube, each nutritive cube is broadcast 1 seed, after planting waters sufficient water, then covers the dried sand of one deck 0.2cm;
4, build little shed
Nutritive cube is after planting concentrated and is placed on outdoor cement flooring on the sunny side, build little shed insulation with the layer 2-3 film and survive the winter on nutritive cube; Little shed surrounding is pricked tight, and control mouse, soil insect enter, simultaneously high insulating effect; In little shed, minimum temperature can not be lower than 0 ℃; Little shed two ends are provided with the Temporary Ventilation mouth;
5, cross hybrid seedling management
After planting 7-15 days start to emerge, and when nursery stock grows to 1-2 sheet true leaf, spray 1 time with 750 times of 600 times of 1000 times of water-soluble fertilizer+carbendazim of 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg or mancozebs in every 10 days, prevent and treat damping off and promote the cross hybrid seedling growth; In time weed a garden; Meet the fine day hot weather, open ventilating hole ventilation 1-2 hour noon;
6, hardening
The temperature rising should remove in time more than 15 ℃ the film that covers on little shed and start hardening; Select fine weather, at 11 in the morning, the later hardening time extended gradually to the 2 pm hardening.Still use the film covering and heat insulating night;
7, cross hybrid seedling is transplanted
Spring, temperature raise while being stabilized in more than 10 ℃, nutritive cube is cut off band soil take out cross hybrid seedling, and field planting is ready large Tanaka; Water permeablely after cultivation, after covering the fine earth of thin layer, manage by field management later.
Use said method can guarantee that Chinese pear hybrid seed planting percent is more than 80%, the nursery stock average boldness reaches 0.75cm, more than after transplanting 115d, the nursery stock average boldness reached 0.75cm, more than average height reached 120cm, average every seedlings number of blade reached more than 84.
Nutritive cube matrix has been used water soluble fertilizer formula 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg, wherein nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=14:0:14, be without phosphorus formula, and contain 6% calcium, 3% magnesium.This formula is according to the design of plant nutritional requirement in seedling stage, and institute is nitrogenous, potassium can guarantee the nursery stock normal growth, and adds calcium, magnesium, can promote the formation of plant tissue cell's wall, strengthens the cross hybrid seedling resistance, avoids damage by disease and insect and infects.
At first matrix disinfect by exposure in sunshine simultaneously, kills germ and worm's ovum in matrix,, with 600 times of carbendazim disinfections, kills the multiple pathogen such as damping off and damping off in soil before using, and reduces the susceptible probability of cross hybrid seedling.By nutritive cube being placed on outdoor cement flooring on the sunny side, build little shed insulation with film, guaranteed the temperature in sufficient illumination and little shed, the freeze injury of avoiding extreme low temperature to cause, simultaneously cement flooring is with respect to field, reduced mouse, soil insect is caused harm, increased substantially emergence rate, cement flooring humidity reduces, and when temperature raises timely hardening and carry out disease control, the generation of damping off and damping off is significantly minimizing also.
In time use water-soluble fertilizer and the diseases prevention medicament of 1000 times of 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg+600 times carbendazim or 750 times of mancozebs seedling stage in hybridization, promoted the growth of cross hybrid seedling, strengthened the disease resistance of cross hybrid seedling and guaranteed seedling quality.
Greatly avoided the hybridization seedling stage diseases and pests by abovementioned technology, greatly improve the hybrid seed planting percent, effectively solved pears scientific research, breeding medium sand pear tree hybrid seed after planting because of problems such as the planting percent that the plague of rats, underground pests, the abiotic stress impact such as the biological adverse circumstance such as disease and freeze injury on the ground cause are low, seedling quality is not high.
Verification experimental verification: this method and conventional method Chinese pear cross hybrid seedling planting percent and and seedling growth situation comparison
Table 1 different disposal cross hybrid seedling field planting percent and seedling growth situation (nursery stock stops long " Invest, Then Investigate ")
Annotate: this method is processed: after Chinese pear hybrid seed powder mouth, sowing is in nutritive cube, then with taking shed film covering and heat insulating;
Conventional seed planting is processed (field): conventional field sowing, then with taking shed film covering and heat insulating;
Conventional method is processed (greenhouse): after Chinese pear hybrid seed powder mouth, sowing is in nutritive cube, and at winter survival in greenhouse, late Febuary is shifted out the greenhouse hardening, and early March is transplanted.
As can be seen from Table 1, nursery stock stops long " Invest, Then Investigate ", by the cross hybrid seedling seedling quantity that this method is processed, far above conventional method, processes, and total planting percent increases by 161.3% than conventional treatment (field), and processing (greenhouse) than conventional method increases by 113.2%.Seedling quality is good, lobe numbers, seedling height, rugosity are all processed high than conventional method, the average every strain blade quantity of cross hybrid seedling that this method is processed is 84.1, and processing (field) than conventional method increases by 147.4%, and processing (greenhouse) than conventional method increases by 178.5%; The average every strain sapling of cross hybrid seedling that this method is processed is highly 112.3cm, and processing (field) than conventional method increases by 57.5%, and processing (greenhouse) than conventional method increases by 72.0%; The average every strain sapling rugosity of cross hybrid seedling that this method is processed is 7.59mm, and processing (field) than conventional method increases by 71.7%, and processing (greenhouse) than conventional method increases by 93.6%.The method can guarantee that Chinese pear hybrid seed planting percent is more than 80%, more than the nursery stock average boldness reaches 0.75cm, more than average height reaches 120cm, average every seedlings number of blade reaches more than 84, effectively solves pears scientific research, breeding medium sand pear tree hybrid seed after planting because of problems such as the planting percent that the plague of rats, underground pests, the abiotic stress impact such as the biological adverse circumstance such as disease and freeze injury on the ground cause are low, seedling quality is not high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 cross hybrid seedling growing state in nutritive cube;
Fig. 2 this method is processed the cross hybrid seedling field growing situation of processing with conventional method;
The cross hybrid seedling field growing situation (142cm) that in figure, A this method is processed
In figure, the B conventional method is processed (field) cross hybrid seedling field growing situation (79cm)
In figure, the C conventional method is processed (greenhouse) cross hybrid seedling field growing situation (65cm).
Embodiment
The method of cultivating cross hybrid seedling with the hybrid seed of Jin Jing * kingfisher hat in 2012, the steps include:
1, the preparation of nutrient matrix
At high temperature season, soil, sand, turfy soil are mixed thoroughly by the volume ratio of 2:1:1, the matrix that then will prepare is spread out on cement flooring, spreads out into 20cm high, and length is not limit, and tans by the sun and carries out the sunning sterilization processing in 10 days, then stacks and covers stand-by with film.Before the nutritive cube of packing into,, with 1000 times of saturating matrix of water-soluble fertile spray of 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg, mix thoroughly, then use 600 times of carbendazim disinfections, mix thoroughly, cover 7 days with film finally and use afterwards.
2, nutritive cube is made
The nutritive cube specification: nutritive cube base diameter 45mm, top diameter 73mm, height 73mm, have circular hole, Circularhole diameter 10mm in the middle of bottom.The above-mentioned nutrient matrix for preparing is packed in nutritive cube, and matrix does not fill to such an extent that tension is too high, after the matrix of packing into nutritive cube till shaking gently on concrete floor and no longer continuing to matrix to sink, matrix is advisable from nutritive cube bore 2cm.
3, sowing
To hide lamination through sand and process 100 sowings of hybrid seed to the powder mouth in ready nutritive cube, each nutritive cube is broadcast 1 seed, after planting waters sufficient water, then covers the dried sand of one deck 0.2cm.
4, build little shed
Nutritive cube is after planting concentrated and is placed on outdoor cement flooring on the sunny side, build little shed insulation with the layer 2-3 film and survive the winter on nutritive cube.Little shed surrounding is pricked tight, and control mouse and soil insect enter, simultaneously high insulating effect.In little shed, minimum temperature can not be lower than 0 ℃.Little shed two ends arrange the Temporary Ventilation hole.
5, cross hybrid seedling management
After planting 7-15 days start to emerge, when nursery stock grows to 1-2 sheet true leaf, every 10 days with 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg1000 doubly 750 times of 600 times of water-soluble fertilizer+carbendazim or mancozebs spray 1 time, prevent and treat damping off and promote the cross hybrid seedling growth.In time weed a garden.Meet the fine day hot weather, open ventilating hole ventilation 1-2 hour noon.
6, hardening
The temperature rising should remove in time more than 15 ℃ the film that covers on little shed and start hardening.Select fine weather, at 11 in the morning, the later hardening time extended gradually to the 2 pm hardening.Still use the film covering and heat insulating night.
7, cross hybrid seedling is transplanted
Spring, temperature raise while being stabilized in more than 10 ℃, nutritive cube is cut off band soil take out cross hybrid seedling, and field planting is ready large Tanaka.Water permeablely after cultivation, cover the fine earth of thin layer.
The fertilizer of growing seedlings that the present invention uses is that Green Kai Er releases the novel water-soluble fertilizer formula tailored version water soluble fertilizer 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg that grows seedlings.
Claims (1)
1. a breeding method that improves Chinese pear hybrid seed planting percent and seedling quality, the steps include:
1, the preparation of nutrient matrix
At high temperature season, soil, sand, turfy soil are mixed thoroughly by the volume ratio of 2:1:1, the matrix that then will prepare is spread out on cement flooring, spreads out into 20cm high, and length is not limit, and tans by the sun and carries out the sunning sterilization processing in 10 days, then stacks and covers stand-by with film;
Before the nutritive cube of packing into,, with 1000 times of saturating matrix of water-soluble fertile spray of 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg, mix thoroughly, then use 600 times of carbendazim disinfections, mix thoroughly, cover 7 days with film finally and use afterwards;
2, nutritive cube is made
The nutritive cube specification: nutritive cube base diameter 45mm, top diameter 73mm, height 73mm, have circular hole, Circularhole diameter 10mm in the middle of bottom; The above-mentioned nutrient matrix for preparing is packed in nutritive cube, after the matrix of packing into nutritive cube till shaking gently on concrete floor and no longer continuing to matrix to sink, matrix is from nutritive cube bore 2cm;
3, sowing
To hide lamination through sand and process to the sowing of the hybrid seed of powder mouth in ready nutritive cube, each nutritive cube is broadcast 1 seed, after planting waters sufficient water, then covers the dried sand of one deck 0.2cm;
4, build little shed
Nutritive cube is after planting concentrated and is placed on outdoor cement flooring on the sunny side, build little shed insulation with the layer 2-3 film and survive the winter on nutritive cube; Little shed surrounding is pricked tight, and control mouse, soil insect enter, simultaneously high insulating effect; In little shed, minimum temperature can not be lower than 0 ℃; Little shed two ends are provided with the Temporary Ventilation mouth;
5, cross hybrid seedling management
After planting 7-15 days start to emerge, when nursery stock grows to 1-2 sheet true leaf, every 10 days with 14-0-14-6Ca-3Mg1000 doubly 750 times of 600 times of water-soluble fertilizer+carbendazim or mancozebs spray 1 time, prevent and treat damping off and promote the cross hybrid seedling growth; In time weed a garden; Meet the fine day hot weather, open ventilating hole ventilation 1-2 hour noon;
6, hardening
The temperature rising should remove in time more than 15 ℃ the film that covers on little shed and start hardening; Select fine weather, at 11 in the morning, the later hardening time extended gradually to the 2 pm hardening;
Still use the film covering and heat insulating night;
7, cross hybrid seedling is transplanted
Spring, temperature raise while being stabilized in more than 10 ℃, nutritive cube is cut off band soil take out cross hybrid seedling, and field planting is ready large Tanaka; Water permeablely after cultivation, after covering the fine earth of thin layer, manage by field management later.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN104365214A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Simple method for improving emergence rate of pear hybrid seeds |
| CN105660237A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Method for shortening juvenile period of directive breeding hybrid seedlings of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. |
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| CN104365214A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Simple method for improving emergence rate of pear hybrid seeds |
| CN105660237A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Method for shortening juvenile period of directive breeding hybrid seedlings of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. |
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