CN105660237B - A method of shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase - Google Patents
A method of shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660237B CN105660237B CN201610061391.7A CN201610061391A CN105660237B CN 105660237 B CN105660237 B CN 105660237B CN 201610061391 A CN201610061391 A CN 201610061391A CN 105660237 B CN105660237 B CN 105660237B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase, is nursed young plants in hothouses by current year sowing, is removed kind of skin processing and gibberellin processing, cross hybrid seedling growth period spray GA3, cross hybrid seedling ring-type loses money instead of making money skin, the grafting of cross hybrid seedling terminal bud, dwarfing rootstock, sprays cycocel（CCC）Etc. multiple technologies measure integrate to shorten the juvenile phase of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling.Realize that Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling growth regulation can yield positive results for 3 years using the present invention, as a result strain rate is up to 30%, and the cross hybrid seedling of traditional Kuerle delicious pear, need 78 years, 6 step measures processing through the invention, it realizes 3 years and sees fruit, the juvenile phase than traditional Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling shortens 4 years to 5 years.Greatly improve Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding efficiency, shorten the Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding period, for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding new varieties cultivation opened up a new way, new method, be with a wide range of applications.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of plant breeding.Specifically, the present invention relates to Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding is miscellaneous
The technical field of friendship.
Background technology
Kuerle delicious pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae), pears subfamily
(Pomoideae), white pear system in pear (Pyrus), Uighur name are that sago carries or is Xi Puti, and entitled open of Mongol is stepped on
Wood originates in Xinjiang Kurle region, has more than 1400 years cultivation history in Xinjiang, fruit aromatic flavour, thin skin meat are crisp, clear
Sweet and tasty mouth, delicate succulence, keeping quality are strong, are one of four big pears in China, end 2014, the cultivation of Xinjiang Kuerle delicious pear
The gross area is up to 98.87 ten thousand mu, and total output is up to 104.48 ten thousand tons.Kuerle delicious pear industry has become the leading production of Kurle region
Industry；" domestic pears sale that Kuerle delicious pear is supermarket of China occupation rate highest " sales range is most wide " selling time longest at home
The highest Pear varieties of price；Kuerle delicious pear has " China's honey pears ", " king in fruit ", " prince in pears ", " pears in the international market
Good reputation afterwards ".Product is exported to multiple countries and regions such as Thailand, Japan, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia, deep by domestic and international
Consumer's likes；It is bred by the cultivation of long-term, the continuous variation of weather conditions, the hair of the weather of extreme low temperature and high temperature
Raw, the quality of Kuerle delicious pear is constantly degenerated, place calyx fruit (place calyx fruit is public pears, and it is female pears to take off calyx fruit), prominent calyx fruit and tertia fruit
Be on the increase, core becomes larger, and lithocyte increases, rot disease and freeze injury frequent occurrence the problems such as, such as：2010/2011 year winter library
The disaster-stricken gross area 10241hm of the cities Er Le bergamot pear freeze injury2, wherein the orchard area 4350.5hm for weight of enduring cold2, medium orchard of enduring cold
Area 2703hm2, the orchard area 3186.8hm that endures cold lighter2, the underproduction about 75%, 7.18 hundred million yuan of direct economic loss.
Kuerle delicious pear presently, there are the problem of, seriously affected the quality, yield and sale of Kuerle delicious pear, dropped significantly
The low economic benefit of Kuerle delicious pear and the income of orchard worker.Therefore, it there is an urgent need for carrying out directive breeding to Kuerle delicious pear, selects
Be suitble to the Kuerle delicious pear new varieties of current climate environmental condition, could fundamentally solve Kuerle delicious pear presently, there are ask
Topic increases the economic benefit of bergamot pear and the income of orchard worker, while to driving the sustainable and stable development of bergamot pear industry, promoting advantage money
Source conversion promotes the economic prosperity of minority area to have fairly obvious realistic meaning.
When pear tree breeding, the problems such as juvenile phase of cross hybrid seedling is long, breeding cycle is long, difficulty is big, of high cost, in addition Xinjiang is geographical
The presence for the problems such as position, weather conditions are more special, and the time in winter is long, and soil salinity and alkalinity is high, leads to Kuerle delicious pear
The juvenile phase of directive breeding cross hybrid seedling is longer, breeding cycle is longer, cost is more high.Traditional Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding it is miscellaneous
Seedling is handed over, needs 8 to 10 annual bearings under normal circumstances, it more than 10 years in special circumstances could be as a result, such as：New pears 1 hybridize for 1974
Pollination is up to 19 years for 1993 by variety certification, breeding time；New pears 6, nineteen eighty-two hybridization pollination pass through product in 1997
Kind authorization, breeding time are up to 15 years；New type deposit, nineteen eighty-three hybridization pollination, in September, 2001 is by variety certification, new pears 8,
Breeding time is up to 18 years；Hybridization pollination in 1984, in December, 2010 are up to 16 years by variety certification, breeding time；These
Up to nearly 20 years breeding times, 1/2 time is caused by the juvenile phase length of cross hybrid seedling.These longer breeding times are to new
The judicious mating breeding of boundary Kuerle delicious pear brings extreme difficulties, has hit scientific research personnel and has been engaged in Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding
Enthusiasm and enthusiasm, seriously hinder the health problem of the development and Xinjiang bergamot pear industry of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding scientific research
Development.Therefore the juvenile phase that Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling is shortened in research has real meaning.
Invention content
It is long, of high cost for the juvenile phase length of cross hybrid seedling, breeding cycle when being directed to Kuerle delicious pear judicious mating breeding at present
The state of the art, the present invention intends to provide shorten Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase method, and the present invention
Method makes the juvenile phase of the cross hybrid seedling of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding shorten 4 to 5 years, greatly improves Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding effect
Rate shortens the Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding period, is with a wide range of applications.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme：
Present invention combination cenospecies current year sowing is nursed young plants in hothouses, and kind of skin processing and gibberellin processing, cross hybrid seedling are removed
Growth period sprays GA3, cross hybrid seedling ring-type lose money instead of making money that skin, the grafting of cross hybrid seedling terminal bud, dwarfing rootstock, to spray cycocel (CCC) etc. a variety of
Technical measures integrate to shorten the juvenile phase of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling.It can by technical measures processing comprehensive above
So that the juvenile phase of the cross hybrid seedling of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding shortens 4 to 5 years, Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding effect is greatly improved
Rate shortens the Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding period, has saved a large amount of manpower, financial resources and material resources, is educated for Kuerle delicious pear orientation
The cultivation of kind new varieties opened up a new way, and provide new method.
The present invention specifically provides the method for shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase, by using Kuerle perfume
The method that pears cenospecies current year sowing is nursed young plants in hothouses with hybrid breeding cultivation comprehensive integration, specific method and step are as follows：
(1) picking of Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy：The Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy of harvesting ripe between 8 points of 6:00 AM-,
It to handle with care simultaneously, avoid machinery wound.
(2) stripping and cleaning of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies：By the Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy of step (1) harvesting in freezer
Middle refrigeration 3 days, the wherein temperature of freezer are 4 DEG C；After refrigeration, Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy is taken out, removal pulp takes out miscellaneous
It hands over seed, clear water to rinse hybrid seed 5-8 minutes, is used in combination gauze to rub, washes off the stickum and residual on hybrid seed surface
Pulp, prepare Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies.
(3) the kind skin of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies is removed：It is in temperature by Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies prepared by step (2)
40 DEG C of clear water, after impregnating 24 hours, with the kind skin of the removal Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies of tweezers gently.
(4) gibberellin is handled：The Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies of removal kind skin prepared by step (3) is in the red of 0.35mg/L
It is impregnated 12 hours in mycin solution.
(5) Sand culture:The Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies for taking out the processing of step (4) Gibberellins solution, according to Kuerle perfume
The weight of pears cenospecies：The weight of wet sand is 1:Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies and wet sand are uniformly mixed, and are packed by 5 ratio
It is embedded into the sand storage container equipped with wet saw end into gauze, while by gauze, the wet saw end for covering 5cm again is wrapped in gauze,
Then it closes the lid, sand storage container is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators, sand storage 30 days；It once to be checked every 7 days during sand storage,
It opens gauze packet to stir 5-6 times, so that wet sand and seed is uniformly mixed, add water, it is 55%-60% to keep the water content of wet sand.
(6) it sows：By step (5), treated that Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies is seeded into the hole tray with substrate block.
(7) it transplants：It when the cross hybrid seedling in matrix nutrition alms bowl grows into 8 true leaves, is transplanted in greenhouse, the plant of transplanting
Away from for 30cm × 50cm, meanwhile, sward is poured water and prevents for convenience, using ridging Plastic-film corn.
(8) before transplanting cross hybrid seedling, in conjunction with arable land, the depth in arable land is 40cm, applies base manure：2.5t/ mus of organic fertilizer, urine
Element:It 20.0kg/ mus, pours water within 20 days primary, each irrigation quantity is 30m3/ mu.Irrigation method is easily poured water using side, i.e., on ridge one
Lateral irrigation water avoids tree body backbone from being in direct contact bright water；To ensure to hybridize young plant fast-growth, hybridizing transplantation of seedlings the latter moon,
In conjunction with pouring water, 5.0kg/ mus of urea is imposed within every 20 days；6 months after hybridizing transplantation of seedlings, pour water within every 10 days primary, irrigation quantity
Become：60m3/ mu, becomes in conjunction with irrigation volume：15.0kg/ mus of urea；Samping off easily occurs for the early period of cross hybrid seedling, can use more bacterium
The medicaments alternating spray such as spirit, Bravo, thiophanate methyl is prevented, and is sprayed within every 15 days primary；Pears easily occur for the middle and later periods of cross hybrid seedling
Aphid damage influences the growth of the increment and cross hybrid seedling tender tip of cross hybrid seedling, avermectin+pyridine worm miaow can be used to prevent, and every two
It sprays in week once.
(9) regulation and control of greenhouse temperature：In order to ensure that cross hybrid seedling can carry out normal growth in winter, the temperature in greenhouse will protect
It holds at 23 DEG C or more.
(10) it is colonized pear tree dwarfing rootstock：For graft hybridization seedling, it is colonized 2 years raw pear tree dwarfing rootstocks in advance on land：
In it is No. 1 short, the seeding row spacing of field planting is 100cm × 200cm.
(11) cross hybrid seedling sprays GA3：GA is sprayed on cross hybrid seedling mid-May3Promote cross hybrid seedling fast-growth, GA3Solution
A concentration of 500ppm.
(12) cross hybrid seedling band girdle：When cross hybrid seedling grows into 200cm, the cyclic annular method for losing money instead of making money skin is taken at 30cm from the ground
Band girdle processing is carried out, the width of band girdle is 1/10 of diameter at band girdle.
(13) cross hybrid seedling terminal bud is grafted：Height is taken to reach the terminal bud of the cross hybrid seedling of 220cm or more, the length of wherein terminal bud is
Bud in the 10cm of top, is grafted onto on dwarfing rootstock.
(14) cross hybrid seedling spray on plants hormone cycocel (CCC) after terminal bud grafting, before mid-June, after to be grafted
Terminal bud young sprout sprays cycocel (CCC), a concentration of 1500ppm when growing into 120cm.
In the present invention, for 50%, thickness of the wet saw end in sand storage container is 5cm for water content that wet saw end preferentially uses,
Purpose is to keep the water content of sand and seed during sand storage.
In the present invention, the sand storage container is preferentially adopted as wooden case container, and wooden case container is self-control wooden case with cover, wood
The length, width and height of case are respectively 35cm, 25cm, 40cm.Wooden case good permeability is conducive to the breathing of cenospecies during sand storage, facilitates miscellaneous
Hand over kind of a sprouting.
The purpose of present invention ability substrate block is to improve the emergence rate and transplanting survival rate of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies.
In the present invention, the common mode in this field may be used in ridging Plastic-film corn, and what the present invention preferentially used rises
Ridge Plastic-film corn is：The high 15cm in ridge, wide 60cm, the film covered are 70cm sealed polyethylene plastics.
In the present invention, the common method in this field can be used in the prevention of medicament alternating spray and avermectin+pyridine worm miaow prevention
And medicament, the present invention preferentially use carbendazim for：50% 600 times of carbendazol wettable powder, Bravo：50% Bravo is wettable
800 times of pulvis of property；Thiophanate methyl is that 70% 1000 times of thiophanate methyl wettable powder, avermectin is 2% Avermectin
1500 times of plain missible oil, pyridine worm miaow are：20% 1000 times of pyridine worm miaow pulvis.
The method provided by the invention for shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase, it may be achieved Kuerle delicious pear is miscellaneous
Seedling 3 years effects that can be yielded positive results of growth regulation are handed over, as a result strain rate is up to 30%, and the cross hybrid seedling of traditional Kuerle delicious pear,
7-8, the method provided by the invention for shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase is needed to may be implemented to see fruit in 3 years,
Juvenile phase than traditional Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling shortens 4 years to 5 years, substantially reduces the juvenile phase of cross hybrid seedling, shortens breeding
Process shortens the result time, improves breeding efficiency, while can save a large amount of field management cost and resource input.
By implementing the specific invention content of the present invention, following advantageous effect can be reached：
(1) method of the juvenile phase provided by the invention for shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling, it may be achieved Kuerle
Bergamot pear cross hybrid seedling growth regulation can yield positive results for 3 years, and as a result strain rate is up to 30%, and the cross hybrid seedling of traditional Kuerle delicious pear,
7-8 is needed, 6 step measures processing through the invention realizes 3 years and see fruit, the juvenile phase than traditional Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling contracts
It is 4 years to 5 years short.
(2) method of the juvenile phase provided by the invention for shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling, to Kuerle delicious pear
Directive breeding cross hybrid seedling has carried out 6 kinds of measure processing, substantially reduces the juvenile phase of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling, shortens
Breeding process, improves breeding efficiency, while can save a large amount of field management cost and resource input.
Specific implementation mode
Illustrate the present invention in the following, giving an actual example, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
All raw and auxiliary materials, reagent and the instrument selected in the present invention, equipment are all well known in the art selection, but unlimited
The implementation of the present invention is made, other some reagents well known in the art and equipment are applied both to the reality of following implementation of the present invention
Apply, the present invention involved in % be all weight percentage, unless otherwise indicated except.
Embodiment one：Shorten the method for the juvenile phase of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling
The method for shortening the juvenile phase of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling carries out nursery and cultivation by the following method, has
The method and step of body is as follows：
(1) Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies current year sowing is nursed young plants in hothouses
(1) picking of Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy：The suitable Kuerle delicious pear of harvesting ripe degree between 8 points of 6:00 AM-
Allocarpy, while to handle with care, avoid machinery wound.
(2) stripping and cleaning of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies：By the Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy of step (1) harvesting in freezer
Middle refrigeration 3 days, the wherein temperature of freezer are 4 DEG C；After refrigeration, Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy is taken out, removal pulp takes out miscellaneous
It hands over seed, clear water to rinse hybrid seed 5-8 minutes, is used in combination gauze to rub, washes off the stickum and residual on hybrid seed surface
Pulp, prepare Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies.
(3) the kind skin of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies is removed：It is in temperature by Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies prepared by step (2)
In 40 DEG C of clear water, impregnate 24 hours, then with tweezers gently removal Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies kind skin.
(4) gibberellin is handled：The Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies of removal kind skin prepared by step (3) is in the red of 0.35mg/L
It is impregnated 12 hours in mycin solution.
(5) Sand culture:The Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies for taking out the processing of step (4) Gibberellins solution, according to Kuerle perfume
The weight of pears cenospecies：The weight of wet sand is 1:Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies and wet sand are uniformly mixed, and are packed by 5 ratio
It is embedded into the sand storage container equipped with wet saw end into gauze, while by gauze, the wet saw end for covering 5cm again is wrapped in gauze,
Then it closes the lid, sand storage container is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators, sand storage 30 days.
(6) it sows：By step (5), treated that Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies is seeded into the hole tray with substrate block, uses
The purpose of substrate block is to improve the emergence rate and transplanting survival rate of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies.
(7) it transplants：It when the cross hybrid seedling in matrix nutrition alms bowl grows into 8 true leaves, is transplanted in greenhouse, the plant of transplanting
Away from for 30cm × 50cm, meanwhile, sward is poured water and prevents for convenience, using ridging Plastic-film corn.
(2) management of Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling
(1) fertilizer of Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling, water and pest management：
It pours water within 20 days primary, each irrigation quantity is 30m3/ mu.Irrigation method is easily poured water using side, i.e., in one lateral irrigation of ridge
Water avoids tree body backbone from being in direct contact bright water.To ensure to hybridize young plant fast-growth, hybridizing transplantation of seedlings the latter moon, in conjunction with
It pours water, to impose 5.0kg/ mus of urea, every 20 days primary；6 months after hybridizing transplantation of seedlings, pour water within every 10 days primary, irrigation quantity
Become：60m3/ mu, becomes in conjunction with irrigation volume：15.0kg/ mus of urea.Samping off easily occurs for the early period of cross hybrid seedling, can use more bacterium
The medicaments alternating spray such as spirit, Bravo, thiophanate methyl is prevented, and is sprayed within every 15 days primary；Pears easily occur for the middle and later periods of cross hybrid seedling
Aphid damage influences the growth of the increment and cross hybrid seedling tender tip of cross hybrid seedling, avermectin+pyridine worm miaow can be used to prevent, and every two
It sprays in week once.
(2) regulation and control of greenhouse temperature：In order to ensure that cross hybrid seedling can carry out normal growth in winter, the temperature in greenhouse will protect
It holds at 23 DEG C or more.
(3) it is colonized pear tree dwarfing rootstock：For graft hybridization seedling, it is colonized 2 years raw pear tree dwarfing rootstocks in advance on land：In
No. 1 short, the seeding row spacing of field planting is 100cm × 200cm.
(4) cross hybrid seedling sprays GA3：GA is sprayed on cross hybrid seedling mid-May3Promote cross hybrid seedling fast-growth, GA3Solution
A concentration of 500ppm.
(5) cross hybrid seedling band girdle：When cross hybrid seedling grows into 200cm, the cyclic annular method for losing money instead of making money skin is taken at 30cm from the ground
Band girdle processing is carried out, the width of band girdle is one of 1/10 of diameter at band girdle.
(6) cross hybrid seedling terminal bud is grafted：Height is taken to reach the terminal bud of the cross hybrid seedling of 220cm or more, the length of wherein terminal bud is
Bud in the 10cm of top, is grafted onto on dwarfing rootstock.
(7) cross hybrid seedling spray on plants hormone cycocel (CCC) after terminal bud grafting：Before mid-June, it is to be grafted after top
Bud young sprout sprays cycocel (CCC), a concentration of 1500ppm when growing into 120cm.
In the present invention, for 50%, thickness of the wet saw end in sand storage container is 5cm for water content that wet saw end preferentially uses,
Purpose is to keep the water content of sand and seed during sand storage.
In the present invention, the sand storage container is preferentially adopted as wooden case container, and wooden case container is self-control wooden case with cover, wood
The length, width and height of case are respectively 35cm, 25cm, 40cm.Wooden case good permeability is conducive to the breathing of cenospecies during sand storage, facilitates miscellaneous
Hand over kind of a sprouting.
The purpose of present invention ability substrate block is to improve the emergence rate and transplanting survival rate of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies.
In the present invention, the common mode in this field may be used in ridging Plastic-film corn, and what the present invention preferentially used rises
Ridge Plastic-film corn is：The high 15cm in ridge, wide 60cm, the film covered are 70cm sealed polyethylene plastics.
In the present invention, the common method in this field can be used in the prevention of medicament alternating spray and avermectin+pyridine worm miaow prevention
And medicament, the present invention preferentially use carbendazim for：50% 600 times of carbendazol wettable powder, Bravo：50% Bravo is wettable
800 times of pulvis of property；Thiophanate methyl is that 70% 1000 times of thiophanate methyl wettable powder, avermectin is 2% Avermectin
1500 times of plain missible oil, pyridine worm miaow are：20% 1000 times of pyridine worm miaow pulvis.
The method provided by the invention for shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase, it may be achieved Kuerle delicious pear is miscellaneous
Seedling 3 years effects that can be yielded positive results of growth regulation are handed over, as a result strain rate is up to 30%, and the cross hybrid seedling of traditional Kuerle delicious pear,
7-8, the method for the juvenile phase provided by the invention for shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling is needed to may be implemented to see for 3 years
Fruit, the juvenile phase than traditional Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling shorten 4 years to 5 years, substantially reduce the juvenile phase of cross hybrid seedling, shorten and educate
Kind process, shortens the result time, improves breeding efficiency, while can save a large amount of field management cost and resource throwing
Enter.
Embodiment two：Shorten the method for the juvenile phase nursery of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling
The Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy of harvesting ripe between 8 points of 6:00 AM-refrigerates 3 days in freezer, after refrigeration,
Hybrid seed is taken out, clear water rinses hybrid seed 5-8 minutes, washes off the stickum on hybrid seed surface and remaining pulp,
Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies is obtained, is impregnated 24 hours in clean water, with the removal Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies of tweezers gently
Kind skin, the Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies of removal kind of skin is impregnated 12 hours in the Gibberellins solution of 0.35mg/L, according to Ku Er
Strangle the weight of bergamot pear cenospecies：The weight of wet sand is 1:Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies and wet sand are uniformly mixed by 5 ratio, and
It is encased in gauze, while gauze being embedded into the sand storage container equipped with wet sand, sand storage container is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators, it is husky
It hides 30 days.Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies is seeded into substrate block hole tray, when the cross hybrid seedling of substrate block grows into 8 true leaves,
It being transplanted in greenhouse, the seeding row spacing of transplanting is 30cm × 50cm, meanwhile, sward is poured water and prevented for convenience, is covered using ridging
Film planting type.
Embodiment three：Shorten the method for the juvenile phase management of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling
The fertilizer and water management of Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling：It pours water within 20 days primary, each irrigation quantity is 30m3/ mu.Irrigation method
It is easily poured water using side, i.e., pours water in ridge side, tree body backbone is avoided to be in direct contact bright water.To ensure that hybridization young plant quickly gives birth to
It is long, in hybridization transplantation of seedlings the latter moon, in conjunction with pouring water, 5.0kg/ mus of urea is imposed, every 20 days are primary；After hybridizing transplantation of seedlings
It 6 months, pours water within every 10 days primary, quantitative change of pouring water：60m3/ mu, becomes in conjunction with irrigation volume：15.0kg/ mus of urea.Cross hybrid seedling
Early period samping off easily occurs, the medicaments alternating spray prevention such as carbendazim, Bravo, thiophanate methyl can be used, sprayed within every 15 days
Once；Pear aphid harm easily occurs for the middle and later periods of cross hybrid seedling, influences the growth of the increment and cross hybrid seedling tender tip of cross hybrid seedling, can be with
With avermectin+pyridine worm miaow prevention, spray every two weeks primary.Use carbendazim for：50% 600 times of carbendazol wettable powder,
Bravo：50% 800 times of Bravo wettable powder, thiophanate methyl：70% 1000 times of thiophanate methyl wettable powder.Ah
Tie up rhzomorph：2% 1500 times of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, pyridine worm miaow are：20% 1000 times of pyridine worm miaow pulvis.The temperature in greenhouse will be maintained at
23 DEG C or more, it is graft hybridization seedling, 2 years raw pear tree dwarfing rootstocks is colonized in advance on land：In No. 1 short, the seeding row spacing of field planting
For 100cm × 200cm, mid-May sprays GA on cross hybrid seedling3Promote cross hybrid seedling fast-growth, GA3Solution it is a concentration of
500ppm when cross hybrid seedling grows into 200cm, takes the cyclic annular method for losing money instead of making money skin to carry out band girdle processing, ring at 30cm from the ground
The width of stripping is one of 1/10 of diameter at band girdle, and height is taken to reach the terminal bud of the cross hybrid seedling of 220cm or more, the wherein length of terminal bud
Degree be top 10cm in bud, be grafted onto on dwarfing rootstock, before mid-June, it is to be grafted after terminal bud young sprout grow into
Cycocel (CCC), a concentration of 1500ppm are sprayed when 120cm.
The present invention is nursed young plants in hothouses using the cenospecies current year sowing of above-mentioned offer, cross hybrid seedling growth period sprays GA3, cross hybrid seedling
Ring-type loses money instead of making money skin, dwarfing rootstock, the grafting of cross hybrid seedling terminal bud, 6 kinds of measures such as spray ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, has reached shortening juvenile phase, save at
This, improves the purpose of breeding efficiency.
Example IV：The present invention is compared with the method for traditional Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding
The method of traditional Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding, after hybridization pollination second year sowing cultivate cross hybrid seedling, allocarpy is adopted
It is placed after receipts in the shade, hybrid seed is taken out when fruit i.e. will be shredded, cenospecies is dried in the shade after taking out, and placement is stored up in the shade
When impregnating 24 with clear water after depositing 3 months, 3 months hour, kind of a skin is not removed, direct sand storage, the ratio of sand and seed when sand storage
It is 3:1, the sand storage time is 2 to 3 months, and the big Tanaka of breeding nursery is directly seeded into after sand storage, until cross hybrid seedling is yielded positive results, is broadcast
Kind of time is early April, and the mode of sowing is trench digging live streaming, and not ridging when sowing, the seeding row spacing of sowing is 50cm*400cm, is gone out
It timely weeding and pours water after seedling, 3 time/month of weeding is poured water based on broad irrigation, 2 times/month of pouring water, and is applied fertilizer based on base manure, is chased after
Fertile 1 time/month will all remove trunk 120cm branches below, and after cross hybrid seedling grows into 4 years to trunk in time
The branch of 120cm or more carries out cutting back and removes to wait prunings processing, waits for that cross hybrid seedling is grown into the 6th year, starts to cross hybrid seedling
Branch carry out pinching, turn round slightly, draw the processing such as branch, in combination with processing such as water and fertilizer controls, promote cross hybrid seedling bud differentiation and
Cheng Hua, cross hybrid seedling can yield positive results after growing into the 7th year after handling in this way, specifically be shown in Table 1..
Table 1：With the contrast table of traditional Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding condition
The comparison of the method and conventional method of 2 present invention of table
Illustrate that the present invention shortens the method and conventional method of the juvenile phase of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling by table 2
The difference for shortening the method for the juvenile phase of Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling, using shortening Kuerle delicious pear provided by the invention
The method of directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase realizes 3 years effects that can be yielded positive results of Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling growth regulation, knot
Fruit strain rate is up to 30%, and the cross hybrid seedling of traditional Kuerle delicious pear, needs 7-8, shortening Kuerle provided by the invention fragrant
The method of pears directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase may be implemented to see fruit in 3 years, and the juvenile phase than traditional Kuerle delicious pear cross hybrid seedling shortens 4
Year to 5 years, substantially reduces the juvenile phase of cross hybrid seedling, shortens breeding process, shorten the result time, improve breeding efficiency,
A large amount of field management cost and resource input can be saved simultaneously.
As described above, you can preferably realize that the present invention, the above embodiments are only the preferred implementation side to the present invention
Formula is described, and is not defined to the scope of the present invention, and under the premise of not departing from design spirit of the present invention, this field is general
The various modifications and improvement that logical technical staff makes technical scheme of the present invention, should all fall into present invention determine that protection domain
It is interior.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method shortening Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase, by using Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies current year
The method that sowing is nursed young plants in hothouses with hybrid breeding cultivation comprehensive integration, specific method and step are as follows：
(1) picking of Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy：The Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy of harvesting ripe between -8 point of 6:00 AM, simultaneously
It handles with care, avoids machinery wound；
(2) stripping and cleaning of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies：The Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy that step (1) is harvested is cold in freezer
It hides 3 days, the wherein temperature of freezer is 4 DEG C；After refrigeration, Kuerle delicious pear allocarpy is taken out, removal pulp takes out cenospecies
Son, clear water rinse hybrid seed 5-8 minutes, are used in combination gauze to rub, wash off the stickum on hybrid seed surface and remaining fruit
Meat prepares Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies；
(3) the kind skin of Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies is removed：Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies prepared by step (2) is 40 DEG C in temperature
Clear water, impregnate 24 hours after, with tweezers gently removal Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies kind skin；
(4) gibberellin is handled：Gibberellin of the Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies of removal kind skin prepared by step (3) in 0.35mg/L
It is impregnated 12 hours in solution；
(5) Sand culture：The Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies of step (4) Gibberellins solution processing is taken out, it is miscellaneous according to Kuerle delicious pear
Hand over the weight of kind:The weight of wet sand is 1:Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies and wet sand are uniformly mixed, and are encased in yarn by 5 ratio
In cloth, while gauze being embedded into the sand storage container equipped with wet saw end, the wet saw end for covering 5cm again is wrapped in gauze, then
It closes the lid, sand storage container is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators, sand storage 30 days；It once to be checked, be opened every 7 days during sand storage
Gauze packet stirs 5-6 times, so that wet sand and seed is uniformly mixed, adds water, and it is 55%-60% to keep the water content of wet sand；
(6) it sows：By step (5), treated that Kuerle delicious pear cenospecies is seeded into the hole tray with substrate block；
(7) it transplants：It when the cross hybrid seedling in matrix nutrition alms bowl grows into 8 true leaves, is transplanted in greenhouse, the seeding row spacing of transplanting is
30cm × 50cm, using ridging Plastic-film corn；
(8) before transplanting cross hybrid seedling, in conjunction with arable land, the depth in arable land is 40cm, applies base manure：2.5t/ mus of organic fertilizer, urea：
It 20.0kg/ mus, pours water within 20 days primary, each irrigation quantity is 30m3/ mu；Irrigation method is poured water using side, i.e., in one lateral irrigation of ridge
Water avoids tree body backbone from being in direct contact bright water；To ensure cross hybrid seedling fast-growth, in hybridization transplantation of seedlings the latter moon, in conjunction with filling
Water takes every 20 days and imposes 5.0kg/ mus of urea；6 months after hybridizing transplantation of seedlings, pour water within every 10 days primary, quantitative change of pouring water：60m3/
Mu, becomes in conjunction with irrigation volume：15.0kg/ mus of urea；Samping off easily occurs for the early period of cross hybrid seedling, using carbendazim, hundred bacterium
Clearly, three kinds of medicament alternating spray preventions of thiophanate methyl, spray primary for every 15 days；Pear aphid danger easily occurs for the middle and later periods of cross hybrid seedling
Evil, influences the growth of the increment and cross hybrid seedling tender tip of cross hybrid seedling, is prevented with avermectin+pyridine worm miaow, sprays every two weeks primary；
(9) regulation and control of greenhouse temperature：In order to ensure that cross hybrid seedling can carry out normal growth in winter, the temperature in greenhouse will be maintained at
23 DEG C or more；
(10) it is colonized pear tree dwarfing rootstock：For graft hybridization seedling, it is colonized 2 years raw pear tree dwarfing rootstocks in advance on land：In it is short by 1
Number, the seeding row spacing of field planting is 100cm × 200cm；
(11) cross hybrid seedling sprays GA3：Mid-May, sprayed on cross hybrid seedling GA3 promote cross hybrid seedling fast-growth, GA3 solution it is dense
Degree is 500ppm；
(12) cross hybrid seedling band girdle：When cross hybrid seedling grows into 200cm, the cyclic annular method for losing money instead of making money skin is taken to carry out at 30cm from the ground
Band girdle processing, the width of band girdle are 1/10 of diameter at band girdle；
(13) cross hybrid seedling terminal bud is grafted：Height is taken to reach the terminal bud of the cross hybrid seedling of 220cm or more, the wherein length of terminal bud is top
Bud in 10cm, is grafted onto on dwarfing rootstock；
(14) terminal bud grafting after cross hybrid seedling spray on plants hormone cycocel (CCC), before mid-June, it is to be grafted after terminal bud
Young sprout sprays cycocel (CCC), a concentration of 1500ppm when growing into 120cm.
2. shortening the method for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The water content that uses of wet saw end for 50%, thickness of the wet saw end in sand storage container is 5cm.
3. shortening the method for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Sand storage container be adopted as wooden case container, wooden case container is self-control wooden case with cover, the length, width and height of wooden case be respectively 35cm,
25cm、40cm。
4. shortening the method for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Ridging Plastic-film corn be：The high 15cm in ridge, wide 60cm, the film covered are 70cm sealed polyethylene plastics.
5. shortening the method for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Use carbendazim for：50% 600 times of carbendazol wettable powder.
6. shortening the method for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Use Bravo：50% 800 times of Bravo wettable powder.
7. shortening the method for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Use thiophanate methyl for 70% 1000 times of thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
8. shortening the method for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Use avermectin for 2% 1500 times of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.
9. shortening the method for Kuerle delicious pear directive breeding cross hybrid seedling juvenile phase as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Use pyridine worm miaow for：20% 1000 times of pyridine worm miaow pulvis.
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