CN115024143B - Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and quickly grow seedlings - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and quickly grow seedlings, which comprises the steps of firstly treating the seeds before sowing, peeling seed coats, soaking the seeds by rooting powder, culturing at constant temperature to accelerate germination of embryo, sowing and raising seedlings by embryo, moving the seedlings to a greenhouse after true leaves of the seedlings grow out, and finally transplanting and field planting; the soil breaking and germination time of the loquat hybrid is shortened by 3-4 weeks compared with the seedling emergence time of the traditional loquat hybrid in direct seeding and germination; the growth of the loquat hybrid seedlings can be quickened, the strong seedlings can be cultivated, the resistance of the hybrid seedlings can be improved, the premature flowering can be avoided, and the time for sowing, ground seedling and flower spike extraction of the loquat hybrid seeds is shortened by 1-1.5 years compared with the time for the traditional loquat hybrid seeds; the advantages of seeds can be eliminated, the hybrid seedlings with consistent growth vigor and strong vigor can be cultivated, the early flowering can be promoted, and the later seed examination, the optimal line screening and the early identification are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of loquat breeding, and relates to a method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and quickly grow seedlings.
Background
Loquat is native in China and has a cultivation history of over 2000 years. The loquat flowers in autumn and winter are ripe in the early spring and summer, and the loquat fruits are fruits which are supplied to the market earlier after the loquat flowers are spring, and can be called as good fruits. The loquat pulp is soft and juicy, has sweet and sour taste, good flavor and rich nutrition, and is popular with people. In addition, the loquat leaf is also a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has the effects of harmonizing stomach and reducing qi, clearing summer-heat and relieving toxicity, moistening lung and relieving cough, preventing cold and the like, and is a high-quality fruit with nutrition and health care functions. The amino acid content, especially the glutamic acid content, of the white loquat is high, and the white loquat is delicious and is more different from various fruits. Zhejiang province is the main production area of white loquat in China, the current planting area accounts for about 50% of the whole province, the development potential of white loquat in China is very good, and the main production area in the whole province is pushing white loquat as a loquat variety structure adjusting variety. However, the existing main cultivated white meat varieties 'Ning Haibai', 'soft white sand' and the like in the province are mainly obtained from actual plant seeds, and although the quality is advantageous, the white meat varieties have low commercial fruit yield in abnormal climates due to early flowering phase and poor stress resistance, and the white meat loquat yield in most areas is insulated at severe low temperature. The currently selected late flower varieties such as 'green seeds' of Jiangsu 'and' white sand 'of Yuzhong' of pond science are yellow in pulp compared with the white meat varieties such as 'soft white sand', 'Ninghai white', and the like, have light flavor, are difficult to meet the requirements of consumption on high-quality white meat loquats in quality, and are difficult to be accepted by consumers. Therefore, under the guidance of breeding targets and breeding strategies, dominant parents are selected for cross breeding to generate heterosis, and the method is an effective way for carrying out gene improvement on the old variety and creating a new high-quality and resistant white meat variety.
Conventional loquat crossbreeding is carried out through a plurality of steps such as pollination hybridization, sowing, seedling raising, optimization, grafting, area trial, popularization and the like, the whole period of time of new seed formation is longer, sowing and seedling raising are also key steps, the conventional sowing method is to naturally germinate and grow the loquat hybrid seeds in the ground or nutrient soil in a direct seeding manner, the germination and seedling-forming time is longer, the technical development is slow, and the economic benefit is seriously reduced, so that a method for enabling the loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and seedling quickly is needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for promoting the rapid germination of loquat hybrid seeds, which comprises the steps of firstly treating the seeds before sowing, peeling seed coats, soaking by rooting powder, culturing at constant temperature to accelerate germination of embryo, promoting the rapid germination of embryo, sowing and raising seedlings by embryo, moving the seedling to a greenhouse after the true leaves of the seedling grow out, and finally transplanting and field planting. The seed coat is stripped, the germination limit of the seed coat is removed, and the indoor constant-temperature germination accelerating and sowing method is shortened by 3-4 weeks compared with the traditional seedling emergence time of the loquat hybrid seeds for direct seeding germination; and then, in combination with early-stage seedling raising in a greenhouse, even if low-temperature hybrid seedlings can continuously grow in winter, water-soluble liquid fertilizers such as bean dreg organic fertilizers, rooting powder, amino acids, macroelements and the like are sprayed, so that the seedling recovering period of the hybrid seedlings can be effectively shortened, the growth of loquat hybrid seedlings can be accelerated, the strong seedlings can be cultivated, the resistance of the hybrid seedlings can be improved, early flowering can be avoided, and premature senility can be avoided, so that the method disclosed by the invention is shortened by 1-1.5 years compared with the traditional methods of direct seeding, ground seedling raising, flower spike pulling and the like of the loquat hybrid seeds, and is favorable for later seed examination, optimal line screening and early identification.
The seed coats of the loquat seeds have the protection functions of avoiding mechanical damage, invasion of diseases and insect pests, water absorption, water retention and the like, but in the formation process of the seeds and the seed coats, the germination of the loquat seeds is also inhibited by the increase of endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid and the like, and the growth of embryo radicle, embryo and the like is limited, so that the germination time is long and the growth is slow. Therefore, the conventional loquat hybrid seeds can be used for germination after direct seeding for at least 1 to 2 months.
Although loquat seed coats limit the growth of seed embryos, no report is available to accelerate the germination of loquat hybrid seeds as soon as possible by peeling off the seed coats, because the growth environment of the seed embryos is easily threatened after peeling off the seed coats, such as insect damage, drought and the like, and even causes a situation of difficult germination. A great number of researches prove that before sowing, the loquat hybrid seeds are subjected to a series of treatments such as seed coat stripping and the like, including running water soaking, rooting powder soaking and the like, and then the seedlings are cultivated at constant temperature, so that the seedlings can sprout quickly and safely, the germination speed of the loquat hybrid seeds is obviously increased, and quick seedling formation and quick flower development results are promoted.
The invention firstly carries out a series of treatments on seeds before sowing, and carries out peeling, flowing water soaking and rooting powder soaking, and carries out indoor constant-temperature germination acceleration on the embryo, thereby promoting the embryo to germinate as soon as possible (generally only 3 days are needed), then sowing and raising seedlings by adopting embryo buds, and breaking the earth and sprouting for 3-5 days, compared with the traditional loquat hybrid seed direct sowing and sprouting time, the sprouting time is shortened by at least 3-4 weeks.
In addition, the cultivation of the loquat hybrid seedlings is also a key ring, the sizes and the plumpness of the hybrid seeds are different, the seedling forming difference is obvious, if the seeds are small, the seedling forming speed is low, the seedling is thin and weak, the loquat hybrid seedlings can be slow in growth vigor, weak in tree vigor and poor in resistance, and the loquat hybrid seedlings are easy to presenilize, so that the follow-up work such as the loquat seed examination, the optimization, the accelerated popularization of new varieties and the like is not facilitated. By adopting the method provided by the invention, seed coats are stripped, corresponding treatments are carried out, germs are adopted for sowing and raising seedlings, the seedlings are moved to a greenhouse after true leaves grow out, and finally transplanting field planting is carried out, so that the advantages of seeds can be broken, the problems that the seeds grow strongly due to big growth vigor and become weak due to small growth vigor can be solved, hybrid seedlings with consistent and strong growth vigor can be cultivated, early flowering and fruiting can be promoted, and the seed checking of the subsequent new and excellent loquat lines is facilitated.
The method provided by the invention can accelerate germination and emergence time, shorten seedling recovery period of loquat seedlings, quickly thrive, and early bloom and fruiting, and shortens total time required by loquat flowering and fruiting by 1-1.5 years, which is not more than 5 years.
Therefore, the method for accelerating germination and cultivating strong seedlings of the loquat hybrid seeds provided by the invention has important significance for shortening the period of loquat hybrid breeding and quick seedling cultivation of good varieties.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for growing loquat hybrid seed seedlings, which mainly comprises the steps of peeling off seed coats of loquat seeds and then culturing.
Further, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) Peeling off seed coats;
(2) Accelerating germination of the seed embryo with the seed coat removed;
(3) Sowing and seedling raising.
Further, after the seed coats are stripped in the step (1), the seed embryos after the seed coats are stripped are soaked in running water.
Further, in the step (1), the loquat seeds are soaked in water for 2-3 hours, the seed coats are stripped, and the seed embryos after the seed coats are stripped are soaked in running water for 24 hours.
After the loquat hybrid fruits are harvested (generally, the open field of Zhejiang province is 5 months middle and late), the hybrid seeds are taken out, cleaned, soaked for 2-3 hours, the seed coats are peeled off, and the seed embryos are soaked for 24 hours by running water. The soaking is to facilitate peeling of the seed coats, and the seed embryos from which the seed coats are peeled are soaked by running water, because the seed embryos also contain a small amount of endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid and the like, the germination of loquat seeds can be inhibited, and the endogenous hormones in the seed embryos can be eliminated as much as possible through running water soaking.
Further, the germination accelerating treatment in the step (2) comprises the steps of firstly soaking the embryo with rooting powder, and then carrying out constant-temperature culture germination accelerating.
Further, the germination accelerating treatment in the step (2) comprises the steps of firstly soaking the seed embryo with the seed coat removed by using 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours, then placing the seed embryo into a tray paved with wet gauze, and culturing for 3 days at the constant temperature of 25 ℃.
In some modes, the rooting powder is used for soaking the embryo for 12 hours in 800 times of liquid so as to promote the elongation growth of the radicle and induce the radicle to grow into a plurality of lateral roots; and then, regularly placing the embryo into a tray with wet gauze laid at the bottom, covering the embryo with the wet gauze for moisturizing, placing the embryo into a constant-temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culturing for 3 days, accelerating germination, periodically spraying water for moisturizing during the period, sowing after the embryo is elongated and changed from yellow to white to green, wherein the germination rate reaches 100%, and the hybrid seedlings have consistent growth vigor.
Researches prove that the rooting powder is adopted to soak the embryo, and the constant temperature culture is adopted at 25 ℃, so that the growth speed of the radicle is faster, the number of lateral roots is more, and the germination accelerating effect is better.
Further, the step (3) of sowing and seedling raising refers to sowing the embryo subjected to germination accelerating treatment into a seedling raising matrix, culturing in a seedling raising box for 3-5 days, transferring to a constant-temperature illumination culture room for culturing after the embryo breaks the earth, spraying 600 times of aqueous amino acid fertilizer, and transferring to a greenhouse after the seedling grows out true leaves.
In some aspects, seeding comprises: preparing seedling substrate, and adopting organic nutrient soil, wherein the main components comprise imported grass, peat, perlite, vermiculite, humic acid, organic matters and the like, and the pH value is 5-6.5, and the seedling substrate is soft, breathable and water-retaining. The soil is stirred, preferably the grains are not scattered, the grains are allocated on 32 hole trays, the loquat hybrid seeds after germination accelerating treatment are sowed, and the soil is covered by 0.5 cm to 1cm. And placing the seedling tray in a seedling box, and preserving heat and moisture.
In some embodiments, growing the seedlings comprises: sowing for 3-5 days, transferring the tray to a constant temperature illumination culture room at 25 ℃ for culture after the germs are broken, preparing 600 times of liquid of pure natural amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (the active ingredients contain amino acid not less than 100g/L, fe+Mn+Zn not less than 22g/L and hydrolyzed protein), taking water as a solvent, carrying out sprinkling irrigation every 5-7 days, promoting root growth, promoting nutrient absorption and balance, and improving stress resistance of seedlings, wherein the bottom is preferably soaked by matrix soil when the sprinkling irrigation is not too wet each time; after 2 true leaves grow on the seedlings, the plug tray is moved to a greenhouse to promote photosynthesis. The loquat hybrid seedlings are transplanted in spring of the next year, and the suitable temperature is 15-25 ℃.
Further, the method also comprises the step (4): transplanting and field planting, wherein each seedling field planting pit is 80cm in length, 2.5kg of bean dreg organic fertilizer is matched with each seedling as a base fertilizer, 500 times of rooting powder solution is used for irrigating the seedlings after field planting, and 600 times of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is used for irrigating every week after the seedlings enter a seedling recovery period.
In some aspects, transplanting the field includes: arranging land plots with a furrow width of 4 meters and a furrow height of 20cm, preferably arranging planting pits with 80cm, adding 2.5kg of bean dreg organic fertilizer (the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is more than or equal to 5%, the pH value is 7.0-8.0 and the moisture content is less than or equal to 20%) as a base fertilizer, turning soil and uniformly mixing for standby, determining the plant row spacing of hybrid seedlings according to the land plot area, irrigating the seedlings with prepared 500 times rooting powder solution after planting loquat hybrid seedlings, and irrigating once a week; the seedling is quickly slowed down by irrigating with 600 times of water-soluble fertilizer (709.5 g/L (about 55% w/w) of total amino acid, 113.5g/L (about 8.8% w/w) of total organic nitrogen, 110g/L of free amino acid and 12g/L, zn g/L of Mn) once per week.
Further, the method also comprises the step (5): after the field planting survival, the Shi Da element full water-soluble fertilizer is poured for 800-1000 times every 2-4 weeks.
In some modes, after the loquat hybrid seedlings survive field planting, shi Da amount of element water-soluble fertilizer 800-1000 times liquid (the major element N+P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the trace element Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B is 0.5% -3.0%) is poured every 2-4 weeks, so that sufficient nutrition is supplied to promote the healthy and strong growth of the seedlings.
The method only relates to the steps of sowing in loquat hybrid seedling cultivation and part management of strong seedling cultivation, and loquat management in other periods, such as watering, pest control and the like, is carried out according to a conventional method.
In yet another aspect, the invention provides the use of the stripped seed coat to promote rapid germination of loquat seeds.
The method for rapid germination and seedling formation of loquat hybrid seeds has the following beneficial effects:
1. the traditional loquat hybrid seeds can sprout after being directly sown for at least 1 to 2 months; the method for peeling the seed coats, removing the germination limit of the seed coats and accelerating germination and seeding at constant temperature indoors promotes the seed embryos to germinate as soon as possible (generally only 3 days are needed), and then the embryo is adopted for seeding and seedling raising, so that the seed coats can be broken and sprouted in 3-5 days, and compared with the traditional loquat hybrid seed direct seeding germination, the sprouting time is shortened by at least 3-4 weeks.
2. The loquat hybrid seeds are subjected to direct seeding, ground seedling and flower spike extraction by adopting the traditional method, and at least 6-7 years are required until the loquat flowers and fruits; the method is characterized in that seed coats are stripped, indoor constant-temperature germination accelerating and seeding are carried out, and the greenhouse early-stage seedling raising is combined, so that even if the low-temperature hybrid seedlings can continuously grow in winter, the seedling recovering period of the hybrid seedlings is effectively shortened, the growth of the hybrid seedlings can be quickened, the strong seedlings can be cultivated, the resistance of the hybrid seedlings can be improved, early flowering is avoided, and compared with the traditional loquat hybrid seed direct seeding, ground seedling raising, scion pulling and the like, the method is shortened by 1-1.5 years, and the total time is not more than 5 years, so that the method is beneficial to later test seed, optimal line screening and early identification.
3. The hybrid seeds have different sizes and plumpness, so that the seedling forming difference is obvious, the seedling forming speed is low when the seeds are small, the seedling is thin and weak, the growth vigor of the loquat hybrid seedlings is slow, the tree vigor is weak, the resistance is poor, the loquat hybrid seedlings are easy to presenility, and the follow-up work such as the loquat seed test, the optimization, the acceleration popularization of new varieties and the like are not facilitated; the method provided by the invention can break the advantages of the seeds, and the problem that the growth vigor of the seeds is weak because the growth vigor of the seeds is strong because of the large growth vigor of the seeds can not occur any more, so that the hybrid seedlings with consistent growth vigor and strong are cultivated, the early flowering can be promoted, and the subsequent seed checking of new and good loquat lines is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is further detailed, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and all of the features disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, or all of the steps in the methods or processes disclosed, can be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Example 1 seed germination quick-speed seedling of white sand loquat hybrid
The method for promoting the germination and rapid seedling formation of the loquat hybrid seeds with white sand (flesh) provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) Peeling seed coats: white sand (meat) loquat hybrid fruits are harvested in the open field of Zhejiang province in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, the hybrid seeds are taken out, cleaned, soaked for 2 hours, seed coats are peeled off, and the seed embryos are soaked for 24 hours by running water.
(2) Accelerating germination: soaking embryo with 800 times of water-soluble rooting powder (three soluble liquid agents purchased from Heilier pharmaceutical industry group Co., ltd.) for 12 hr to promote elongation growth of embryo root; and then regularly placing the embryo into a tray with wet gauze laid at the bottom, covering the embryo with wet gauze for moisturizing, covering the embryo with preservative film, poking air holes with toothpicks, placing the embryo into a constant temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culturing for 3 days, accelerating germination, periodically spraying water for moisturizing during the period, sowing after the embryo is changed from yellow to white to green, wherein the germination rate reaches 100%, and the hybrid seedlings have consistent growth vigor.
(3) Sowing: preparing seedling substrate, which is prepared from special organic nutrient soil (special substrate for seedling from Dioscorea spiced and Jiang Xinghui commercial, taizhou, and model) and comprises imported grass, peat, perlite, vermiculite, humic acid, organic matter, etc., with pH of 5-6.5, softness, air permeability, and water retention. The soil mixing is carried out by taking the condition that the clusters are not scattered, distributing the clusters into 32 holes, sowing and raising seedling trays, wherein the trays are made of super-thick polyethylene materials, water outlets are formed in the bottoms of the trays, sowing loquat hybrid seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment, covering the soil by 0.5-1cm, placing the seedling trays into a seedling tray box cultivated in a constant-temperature cultivation room at 25 ℃ for convenient transportation, moisture preservation and heat preservation, and enabling the covers of the seedling tray box to be transparent covers, wherein the bottoms of the trays are watertight, and the sizes of the trays are consistent with the specifications of the seedling tray.
(4) Seedling raising: sowing for 3-5 days, transferring the tray to a constant temperature illumination culture room at 25 ℃ for culture after the germs are broken, preparing a product Gao Shangchun natural amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (the active ingredient contains amino acid not less than 100g/L, fe+Mn+Zn not less than 22g/L, hydrolyzed protein) 600 times of liquid manufactured by Italy Saigible company, and carrying out sprinkling irrigation every 5-7 days with water as a solvent to promote root growth, promote nutrient absorption and balance and improve stress resistance of seedlings, wherein the base soil is preferably soaked at the bottom of the seedling when the sprinkling irrigation is not too wet each time; after 2 true leaves of the seedlings grow, the plug tray is moved to a greenhouse, and heating equipment can be added in a low temperature auxiliary mode in winter to promote growth. The loquat hybrid seedlings are transplanted in spring of the next year, and the average daily temperature is 15-25 ℃.
(5) Transplanting and planting: preparing land blocks with a furrow width of 4 meters and a furrow height of 20cm, preferably using 80cm in a field planting pit, adding 2.5kg of bean dreg organic fertilizer (produced by Anji rich organic fertilizer limited company, wherein the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is more than or equal to 5%, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and the moisture is less than or equal to 20%) as a base fertilizer, turning soil and uniformly mixing for later use, determining the plant row spacing of hybrid seedlings according to the land area, and after field planting loquat hybrid seedlings, irrigating the seedlings with prepared 500 times strong rooting powder (purchased from Heilier pharmaceutical group stock solution) and model three soluble liquid agents; the seedling reviving period is to irrigate with 600 times of water-soluble fertilizer (709.5 g/L (about 55% w/w) of total amino acid, 113.5g/L (about 8.8% w/w) of total organic nitrogen, 110g/L of free amino acid and 12g/L, zn g/L of Mn) and promote new roots once a week, so as to revive seedlings quickly.
(6) And (3) strong seedling cultivation: after field planting survival, the loquat hybrid seedlings are watered with Shi Da amount of element water-soluble fertilizer 800-1000 times liquid (the major element N+P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 60 percent, the trace element Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B is 0.5% -3.0 percent, and the loquat hybrid seedlings are purchased from Shanghai Yongtong ecological engineering Co., ltd.) every 2-4 weeks, so that sufficient nutrition is supplied to promote the healthy growth of the seedlings.
The method only relates to the seeding and strong seedling cultivation part management steps in the cultivation of the white sand (flesh) loquat hybrid seedlings, and loquat management in other periods, such as watering, pest control and the like, is carried out according to the conventional method.
Example 2 seed germination quick-speed seedling of Red sand loquat hybrid
The method for promoting the germination and rapid seedling formation of the hybrid seeds of the red sand (flesh) loquat provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) Peeling seed coats: the flowering period of the red-pulp loquat is later than that of the white-pulp loquat, the hybrid fruits are harvested for 1-2 weeks later than that of the white-pulp loquat, the red-pulp loquat hybrid fruits are harvested in the open field of Zhejiang in the late 5 months, the hybrid seeds are taken out, the red-pulp loquat hybrid seeds are full of white pulp, cleaned, soaked for 3 hours, the seed coats are peeled off, and the seed embryos are soaked for 24 hours by running water.
(2) Accelerating germination: soaking embryo with 800 times of water-soluble rooting powder (purchased from Heilier pharmaceutical industry group Co., ltd., model three soluble liquid) for 12 hr to promote elongation growth of embryo root; and then regularly placing the embryo into a tray with wet gauze laid at the bottom, covering the embryo with wet gauze for moisturizing, covering the embryo with preservative film, poking air holes with toothpicks, placing the embryo into a constant temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culturing for 3 days, accelerating germination, periodically spraying water for moisturizing during the period, sowing after the embryo is changed from yellow to white to green, wherein the germination rate reaches 100%, and the hybrid seedlings have consistent growth vigor.
(3) Sowing: preparing seedling substrate, which is prepared from special organic nutrient soil (special substrate for seedling from Dioscorea spiced Jiang Xinghua commercial, taizhou, and its model) and comprises imported grass, peat, perlite, vermiculite, humic acid, organic matter, etc., with pH of 5-6.5, and is soft, breathable, and water-retaining. The soil mixing is carried out by taking the condition that the clusters are not scattered, distributing the clusters into 32 holes, sowing and raising seedling trays, wherein the trays are made of super-thick polyethylene materials, water outlets are formed in the bottoms of the trays, sowing loquat hybrid seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment, covering the soil by 0.5-1cm, placing the seedling trays into a culture seedling tray box in a constant-temperature culture room at room temperature or 25 ℃ for convenient transportation, moisture preservation and heat preservation, and enabling the covers of the seedling tray box to be transparent covers, wherein the bottom supports are watertight, and the sizes of the seedling tray boxes are consistent with the specifications of the seedling tray.
(4) Seedling raising: sowing for 3-5 days, transferring the tray to a constant temperature illumination culture room at 25 ℃ for culture after the germs are broken, preparing a product Gao Shangchun natural amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (the active ingredient contains amino acid not less than 100g/L, fe+Mn+Zn not less than 22g/L, hydrolyzed protein) 600 times of liquid manufactured by Italy Saigible company, and carrying out sprinkling irrigation every 5-7 days with water as a solvent to promote root growth, promote nutrient absorption and balance and improve stress resistance of seedlings, wherein the base soil is preferably soaked at the bottom of the seedling when the sprinkling irrigation is not too wet each time; after 2 true leaves of the seedlings grow, the plug tray is moved to a greenhouse, and heating equipment can be added in a low temperature auxiliary mode in winter to promote growth. The loquat hybrid seedlings are transplanted in spring of the next year, and the average daily temperature is 15-25 ℃.
(5) Transplanting and planting: preparing land blocks with a furrow width of 4 meters and a furrow height of 20cm, preferably using 80cm in a field planting pit, adding 2.5kg of bean dreg organic fertilizer (produced by Anji rich organic fertilizer limited company, wherein the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80%, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is more than or equal to 5%, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and the moisture is less than or equal to 20%) as a base fertilizer, turning soil and uniformly mixing for later use, determining the plant row spacing of hybrid seedlings according to the land area, and after field planting loquat hybrid seedlings, irrigating the seedlings with prepared 500 times strong rooting powder (purchased from Heilier pharmaceutical group stock solution) and model three soluble liquid agents; the seedling reviving period is to irrigate with 600 times of water-soluble fertilizer (709.5 g/L (about 55% w/w) of total amino acid, 113.5g/L (about 8.8% w/w) of total organic nitrogen, 110g/L of free amino acid and 12g/L, zn g/L of Mn) and promote new roots once a week, so as to revive seedlings quickly. (6) strong seedling cultivation: after the field planting survival, the loquat hybrid seedlings are watered with Shi Da amount of the full water-soluble fertilizer 800-1000 times of the full water-soluble fertilizer (the amount of N+P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the amount of trace elements Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B is 0.5% -3.0 percent) every 2-4 weeks (the full water-soluble fertilizer is purchased from Shanghai Yongtong ecological engineering Co., ltd.), so as to supply sufficient nutrition to promote the healthy growth of the seedlings.
The method only relates to the sowing and strong seedling cultivation part management steps in the cultivation of the red sand (flesh) loquat hybrid seedlings, and loquat management in other periods, such as watering, pest control and the like, is carried out according to the conventional method.
Example 3 Effect of peeling off seed and running water brewing of seed embryos on quick seedling
This example was conducted by the method provided in example 1, wherein the treatments for white sand (flesh) loquat hybrid were divided into the following four groups of 30:
(1) The seed coats are not stripped, and the seed embryos are soaked in water for 12 hours after being soaked in 800 times of rooting powder, and then the seed embryos are placed into a constant temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culture for 3 days to accelerate germination, and water is sprayed periodically for moisturizing during the period;
(2) Peeling seed coats, soaking the seed embryos for 12 hours by 800 times of rooting powder without running water, and then placing the seed embryos into a constant-temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culture for 3 days to accelerate germination, and periodically spraying water for moisturizing during the period;
(3) Peeling seed coats according to the method provided in the example 1, soaking in running water for 24 hours, soaking the seed embryos in 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours, and then placing the seed embryos into a constant temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culture for 3 days to carry out germination acceleration, wherein water is sprayed periodically for moisturizing;
(4) Peeling seed coats according to the method provided in example 1, soaking in static water for 24 hours in a beaker, soaking the seed embryos in 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours, and then placing the seed embryos in a constant temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culturing for 3 days to accelerate germination, and periodically spraying water for moisturizing;
the germination rate and growth vigor of four groups of loquat hybrid seeds are examined, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of different treatments of Eriobotrya japonica hybrid on germination Rate and growth vigneaux
As can be seen from Table 1, the first group did not strip the seed coat and did not brew the embryo with running water, and it was difficult to bud; the second group of the seed embryos are peeled off, but the seed embryos are not soaked by flowing water, and endogenous hormones remain in the seed embryos to limit the germination of the seed embryos; the third group is used for peeling off the seed coats and soaking the seed embryos for 24 hours by flowing water, so that the concentration of endogenous ABA (abscisic acid) in the loquat seed embryos is continuously reduced, the influence of residual endogenous hormone in the seed embryos is basically eliminated, the germination rate reaches 100%, and the hybrid seedlings have consistent growth vigor; the fourth group is soaked by static water, the water is changed for soaking for 3-5 hours, and the germination rate is slightly lower than that of the water, which is probably because some endogenous hormone cannot be completely eliminated in the soaking process, and the soaking time is too long to cause the embryo to deteriorate and generate peculiar smell, which may affect the subsequent seedling raising; therefore, the third group is most preferable, and the seed is soaked with running water after the seed coat is peeled off.
Example 4 Effect of different germination methods on germination Effect
The experiment is carried out by adopting the method provided in the embodiment 1, wherein different germination accelerating methods are carried out on seed embryos of white sand (flesh) loquat hybrid seeds after seed coats are stripped, the germination accelerating effect is examined, and the germination accelerating effects are divided into seven groups of 30:
a first group: soaking embryo with clear water instead of rooting powder for 12 hr, and culturing in a constant temperature culture room at 25deg.C for 3 days;
second group: soaking embryo with gibberellin (available from Zhejiang Qianjiang Biochemical Co., ltd., effective component and content, gibberellic acid 85%, concentration 300 ppm) for 12 hr, and culturing in a constant temperature culture room at 25deg.C for 3 days;
third group: soaking embryo with gibberellin (available from Zhejiang Qianjiang Biochemical Co., ltd., effective component and content, gibberellic acid 85%, concentration 800 ppm) for 12 hr, and culturing in a constant temperature culture room at 25deg.C for 3 days;
fourth group: soaking the embryo for 12h by 800 times of rooting powder, and culturing in a constant temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for 3 days;
fifth group: soaking the embryo for 12h by 800 times of rooting powder, and culturing in a constant temperature culture room at 22 ℃ for 3 days;
sixth group: soaking the embryo for 12h by 800 times of rooting powder, and culturing in a constant temperature culture room at 27 ℃ for 3 days;
seventh group: soaking the embryo for 12h by 800 times of rooting powder, and culturing in a constant temperature culture room at 30deg.C for 3 days;
the radicle growth of three loquat hybrids was examined and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of different germination methods on germination effect
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination accelerating effect is obviously different by adopting clear water, gibberellin or rooting powder for soaking and adopting different temperatures for culture, when the clear water is adopted, the main radicle grows slowly, and no lateral radicle basically exists in one week after sowing; when gibberellin is adopted, the length of the main radicle is shortened, the quantity of radicles at the side after sowing is reduced, and when the concentration of the gibberellin is too high, the germination accelerating effect is not achieved, and the growth of embryo is inhibited; when the rooting powder is adopted for soaking, the growth speed of the main radicle is obviously improved, and the quantity of radicle at the side after sowing is obviously increased, so that the rooting powder is preferably adopted for soaking the seed embryo with the seed coat removed, and the germination accelerating effect is better; the influence of different culture temperatures on the germination accelerating effect is observed, the growth speed of the main radicle is fastest at 25 ℃, the quantity of radicle at the side after one week of sowing is the largest, the growth vigor is consistent, and the germination accelerating effect is better.
The application of the present invention is not limited thereto. Such as by its range of application in environmental protection. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. The method for cultivating loquat hybrid seedlings with consistent growth vigor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Soaking loquat seeds in water for 2-3h, peeling off seed coats, and soaking the seed embryos after peeling off the seed coats for 24h by running water;
(2) Firstly, soaking the seed embryo with the seed coat removed by using 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours, then placing the seed embryo into a tray paved with wet gauze, and culturing for 3 days at the constant temperature of 25 ℃;
(3) Sowing and seedling raising: sowing the embryo subjected to germination acceleration treatment into a seedling culture matrix, culturing in a seedling culture box for 3-5 days, transferring to a constant-temperature illumination culture room for culturing after the embryo breaks the soil, sprinkling an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 600 times of liquid, and transferring to a greenhouse after the seedling grows out true leaves;
(4) Transplanting and planting: each seedling field planting pit is 80cm in size and 80cm in size, 2.5kg of bean dreg organic fertilizer is matched with each seedling as a base fertilizer, 500 times of rooting powder solution is used for irrigating the seedlings after field planting, and 600 times of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is used for irrigating every week after the seedlings enter a seedling recovery period;
(5) And (3) strong seedling cultivation: after the field planting survival, the Shi Da element full water-soluble fertilizer is poured for 800-1000 times every 2-4 weeks.
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