CN115024143A - Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly - Google Patents
Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and quickly grow seedlings, which comprises the steps of treating seeds before sowing, peeling off seed coats, soaking by rooting powder, culturing and accelerating germination at constant temperature, promoting quick sprouting of seed embryos, sowing and raising seedlings by adopting embryos, transplanting the seedlings to a greenhouse after true leaves grow out, and finally transplanting and field planting; the ground breaking and germination time of the hybrid loquat seeds is shortened by 3-4 weeks compared with the emergence time of the conventional hybrid loquat seeds which are germinated by direct seeding; the hybrid loquat seedling culture medium can accelerate the growth of hybrid loquat seedlings, cultivate strong seedlings, improve the resistance of hybrid seedlings, promote early flowering and avoid premature senility, and shortens the time by 1 to 1.5 years compared with the time for direct seeding, ground seedling culture, flower ear emergence and the like of the conventional hybrid loquat seeds; can also break the advantages of seeds, cultivate strong hybrid seedlings with consistent growth vigor, promote early flowering and facilitate later-stage seed test, selection of superior lines and early identification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of loquat breeding, and relates to a method for promoting germination and rapid seedling formation of loquat hybrid seeds.
Background
Loquat is originally produced in China, and has more than 2000 years of cultivation history. The loquat flowers in autumn and winter, and the fruits of the loquat mature in late spring and early summer, are fruits which should be on the market earlier after beginning spring, and can be called as good fruit. The loquat pulp is soft and juicy, has moderate sour and sweet taste, good flavor and rich nutrition, and is deeply loved by people. The loquat leaf is also a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has the functions of harmonizing stomach and lowering qi, clearing away summer-heat and toxic materials, moistening lung and relieving cough, preventing cold and the like, and is a high-quality fruit with both nutrition and health care functions. The white flesh loquat has high amino acid content, especially glutamic acid content, delicious taste and is beyond the reach of various fruits. Zhejiang province is the main production area of white-pulp loquats in China, the planting area accounts for about 50% of the whole province at present, the development of white-pulp loquats in our province is very good, and the main production area of the whole province mainly infers the white-pulp loquats as the loquat variety structure adjustment variety. However, the existing main cultivated white meat varieties of Ninghaibai, soft-strip white sand and the like in our province are mainly obtained from seed selection of the actual plant, and although the quality is superior, the yield of commercial fruits of the white meat varieties is low in abnormal climates due to early flowering stages and poor stress resistance, and the yield of the white meat loquats is extremely low in most regions at severe low temperature. However, some late flower varieties selected at present, such as ' green seeds ' of Jiangsu, white sand ' of Pond family of Yuhang, and the like, are difficult to be accepted by consumers because the pulp of the late flower varieties is yellow compared with white meat varieties such as ' soft white sand ' and ' Ninghai white ', and the flavor of the late flower varieties is light, so that the late flower varieties cannot meet the requirements of consumers on high-quality white-pulp loquats in quality. Therefore, under the guidance of a breeding target and a breeding strategy, the selection of dominant parents for hybrid breeding to generate hybrid vigor is an effective way for carrying out gene improvement on old varieties and creating new high-quality and resistant new varieties of white meat.
The conventional loquat crossbreeding is carried out through multiple steps of pollination hybridization, sowing, seedling raising, optimization, grafting, area test, popularization and the like, the whole period of the formation of a new variety is longer, the sowing and the seedling raising are also key steps, the conventional sowing method is to directly sow the hybrid seeds of the loquats in the ground or in nutrient soil for natural germination and growth, the germination and seedling forming time is longer, the technical development is slow, and the economic benefit is seriously reduced, so that a method capable of enabling the hybrid seeds of the loquats to quickly germinate and form seedlings is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly, wherein before sowing, seeds are treated, seed coats are stripped, the seeds are soaked by rooting powder, constant-temperature culture and germination acceleration are carried out, the seeds are promoted to sprout quickly, then, embryos are adopted for sowing and seedling raising, after seedlings grow out of true leaves, the seedlings are moved to a greenhouse, and finally, transplanting and field planting are carried out. The method for peeling off the seed coats, removing the germination limit of the seed coats and accelerating germination and sowing at constant temperature indoors provided by the invention shortens the seedling emergence time by 3-4 weeks compared with the traditional method for directly sowing and germinating the hybrid loquat seeds; and the early-stage seedling raising in a greenhouse is combined, the hybrid seedlings can grow continuously even at low temperature in winter, and water-soluble liquid fertilizers such as bean dreg organic fertilizer, rooting powder, amino acid, major elements and the like are sprayed, so that the seedling revival period of the hybrid seedlings is effectively shortened, the growth of the loquat hybrid seedlings can be accelerated, the strong seedlings are cultivated, the resistance of the hybrid seedlings is improved, the hybrid seedlings bloom is advanced, and the premature senility is avoided, so that the time of the method disclosed by the invention is shortened by 1-1.5 years compared with the time of direct seeding, ground seedling raising, flower spike drawing and the like of the traditional loquat hybrid seeds, and the method is favorable for later-stage seed test, high-line screening and early identification.
Although the seed coat of the loquat seed has the protection functions of avoiding mechanical damage, pest and disease damage invasion, water absorption and retention and the like, in the formation process of the seed and the seed coat, the germination of the loquat seed is also inhibited by the increase of endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid and the like, and the growth of the radicle, germ and the like of the seed embryo is limited, so that the germination time is long and the growth is slow. Therefore, the germination can be realized at least in 1 to 2 months after the traditional loquat hybrid is adopted for direct seeding.
Although the loquat seed coat can limit the growth of the seed embryo, no report is available about accelerating the germination of the loquat hybrid seeds as soon as possible by peeling the seed coat, because the growth environment of the seed embryo is easily affected by threats such as insect damage, drought and the like after the seed coat is peeled, and even the situation that the seed embryo is difficult to germinate is caused. A large number of researches prove that before sowing, loquat hybrid seeds are subjected to a series of treatments such as seed coat stripping and the like, including flowing water soaking, rooting powder soaking and the like, and then are subjected to constant-temperature culture, so that the seed embryos can be rapidly and safely germinated, the germination speed of the loquat hybrid seeds is obviously accelerated, rapid seedling formation is promoted, and rapid flowering and fruiting are realized.
According to the method, seeds are treated in a series of steps before sowing, the seed coats are stripped, the seeds are soaked in flowing water, rooting powder is soaked, indoor constant-temperature germination accelerating is carried out on the seed embryos, the seed embryos are promoted to germinate as soon as possible (generally only 3 days), then the embryos are adopted for sowing and seedling raising, the ground can be broken and the seedlings can be germinated in 3-5 days, and compared with the conventional loquat hybrid seeds for direct sowing and germination, the seedling emergence time is shortened by at least 3-4 weeks.
In addition, the cultivation of the hybrid loquat seedlings is also a key circle, the hybrid seeds are different in size and plump degree, the seedling difference of the hybrid loquat seedlings is obvious, if the seeds are small, the seedling speed is low, the seedlings are thin and weak, the hybrid loquat seedlings are slow in growth vigor, weak in tree vigor, poor in resistance and prone to premature senility, and the subsequent work of loquat seed test, optimization, new variety accelerated popularization and the like is not facilitated. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the seed coats are stripped and correspondingly treated, the germs are adopted for seeding and raising seedlings, the seedlings are moved to a greenhouse after the true leaves grow out, and finally are transplanted and fixed, so that the advantages of the seeds can be broken, the problem that the small growth vigor of the seeds is weak because the large growth vigor of the seeds is strong can be solved, the hybrid seedlings with consistent and strong growth vigor can be cultivated, the early blooming and fruiting can be promoted, and the subsequent test of a new optimal loquat line is facilitated.
The method provided by the invention can not only accelerate the germination and seedling emergence time, but also shorten the seedling revival period of the loquat seedlings, quickly thrive and early blossom and fruit, shorten the total time required by the loquat to bloom and fruit by 1-1.5 years, and totally not more than 5 years.
Therefore, the method for accelerating germination of the loquat hybrid seeds and cultivating strong seedlings provided by the invention has important significance for shortening the loquat hybrid breeding period and quickly cultivating excellent varieties.
On the one hand, the invention provides a loquat hybrid seed seedling raising method, which mainly comprises the steps of firstly removing seed coats of loquat seeds and then carrying out cultivation.
Further, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) peeling off the seed coats;
(2) accelerating germination of the seed embryo with the seed coat removed;
(3) and (5) sowing and seedling raising.
Furthermore, after the seed coats are stripped in the step (1), the seed embryos with the seed coats stripped need to be brewed by flowing water.
Further, the peeling of the seed coat in the step (1) needs to firstly soak the loquat seed in water for 2-3h, then peel the seed coat, and soak the embryo with flowing water for 24h after peeling the seed coat.
After the loquat hybrid fruits are harvested (generally, in the middle and last ten days of the open field of 5 months in Zhejiang province), the hybrid seeds are taken out, cleaned, soaked for 2-3h, the seed coats are peeled off, and the seed embryos are brewed for 24h by running water. The soaking is to facilitate the peeling of the seed coat, and the embryo with the seed coat removed is brewed with running water, because the embryo also contains a small amount of endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid, etc., which can inhibit the germination of the loquat seed, and the endogenous hormones in the embryo can be eliminated as much as possible by the running water soaking.
Further, the pregermination treatment in the step (2) comprises the steps of soaking the seed embryo by using rooting powder, and then carrying out constant-temperature culture pregermination.
Further, the pregermination treatment in the step (2) comprises the steps of soaking the seed embryo with the seed coat removed by using 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours, then placing the seed embryo in a tray paved with wet gauze, and culturing the seed embryo at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 3 days.
In some modes, the seed embryo is soaked in 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours to promote the elongation and growth of the radicle and induce the radicle to grow a plurality of lateral roots; then regularly placing the embryo into a tray with wet gauze laid at the bottom, covering the wet gauze for moisturizing, placing the tray into a constant-temperature culture chamber at 25 ℃ for culturing for 3 days, accelerating germination, periodically spraying water for moisturizing, and sowing after the radicle is elongated and the embryo is turned from yellow white to green, wherein the germination rate reaches 100%, and the growth vigor of the hybrid seedlings is consistent.
Researches prove that the embryo is soaked by the rooting powder and is cultured at a constant temperature of 25 ℃, the growth speed of the radicle is faster, the number of lateral roots is more, and the germination accelerating effect is better.
Further, the sowing and seedling raising in the step (3) means that the germs after the germination accelerating treatment are sown in a seedling raising substrate, the seedlings are cultured in a seedling raising box for 3-5 days, the germs are transferred to a constant-temperature illumination culture room for culture after being broken, 600 times of liquid of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed, and the seedlings are moved to a greenhouse after growing out true leaves.
In some approaches, seeding includes: preparing seedling culture medium, using organic nutrient soil, its main components include imported grass moss, peat, pearlite, vermiculite, humic acid and organic matter, etc., its pH value is 5-6.5, and it is soft, air-permeable and water-retaining. The mixture is distributed in 32-hole tray, and the loquat hybrid seeds after germination accelerating treatment are sowed and covered with 0.5-1cm soil. And placing the seedling raising plug tray in a seedling raising box, and preserving heat and moisture.
In some embodiments, growing the seedlings comprises: sowing for 3-5 days, after the embryo is broken, making the hole disc be transferred to a constant-temperature illumination culture chamber at 25 ℃ for culture, preparing 600 times of pure natural amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (the effective components comprise amino acid which is more than or equal to 100g/L, Fe + Mn + Zn which is more than or equal to 22g/L, and hydrolyzed protein) solution, using water as solvent, carrying out spray irrigation every 5-7 days, promoting root growth, promoting nutrient absorption and balance, improving the stress resistance of seedlings, paying attention to that the spray irrigation is not too wet every time, and preferably soaking the bottom with matrix soil; after 2 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, the plug tray is moved to a greenhouse to promote photosynthesis. The hybrid loquat seedlings grow to the next spring and are transplanted, and the suitable temperature is 15-25 ℃.
Further, the method also comprises the step (4): transplanting and field planting, wherein a field planting pit of each seedling is 80cm x 80cm, each seedling is matched with 2.5kg of bean dreg organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, the seedlings are irrigated by 500 times of rooting powder solution after field planting, and the seedlings are irrigated by 600 times of amino acid water soluble fertilizer solution every week after a seedling revival period.
In some embodiments, the transplantation colonization comprises: arranging land blocks with the width of 4 meters and the height of 20cm, properly arranging 80cm x 80cm planting pits, matching each plant with 2.5kg of bean dreg organic fertilizer (the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80 percent, the total nitrogen phosphorus potassium content is more than or equal to 5 percent, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and the water content is less than or equal to 20 percent) as a base fertilizer, turning soil and uniformly mixing for later use, determining the plant-row spacing of hybrid seedlings according to the area of the land blocks, irrigating the seedlings with 500 times of prepared rooting powder solution after planting the loquat hybrid seedlings, and irrigating once after one week; in the seedling recovering period, water-soluble fertilizer (total amino acid 709.5g/L (about 55% w/w), total organic nitrogen 113.5g/L (about 8.8% w/w), free amino acid 110g/L and Mn 12g/L, Zn 12g/L)600 times of liquid is used for irrigating once a week to promote new roots and quickly recover seedlings.
Further, the method also comprises the step (5): after the field planting survives, 1000 times of macroelement full water-soluble fertilizer 800-containing and 1000 times of liquid is applied every 2 to 4 weeks.
In some modes, after the seedlings are planted and survived, 1000 times of macroelement full water-soluble fertilizer 800-.
The method only relates to partial management steps of seeding and strong seedling cultivation in the cultivation of the hybrid loquat seedlings, and the management of the loquat in other periods, such as watering, pest control and the like, is carried out according to a conventional method.
In a further aspect, the invention provides the application of peeling off the seed coats in promoting the loquat seeds to sprout and grow into seedlings quickly.
The method for quickly sprouting and forming the hybrid loquat seeds provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the traditional loquat hybrid seeds can germinate only in 1 to 2 months after direct seeding; the method for peeling off the seed coats, removing the germination limit of the seed coats, accelerating germination and sowing at constant indoor temperature promotes the seed embryos to germinate as soon as possible (generally only 3 days), then sowing and seedling raising are carried out by using the embryo buds, the germination can be broken and germinated in 3-5 days, and compared with the seedling emergence time of the conventional loquat hybrid direct seeding germination, the seedling emergence time is at least shortened by 3-4 weeks.
2. Performing direct seeding, seedling raising in the ground and ear picking of hybrid loquat seeds by a traditional method, wherein at least 6-7 years is needed for loquat flowering and fruiting; according to the method, seed coats are stripped, indoor constant-temperature germination acceleration seeding is carried out, and greenhouse early-stage seedling raising is combined, so that the low-temperature hybrid seedlings can grow continuously even in winter, the seedling revival period of the hybrid seedlings is effectively shortened, the growth of hybrid loquat seedlings can be accelerated, strong seedlings can be cultivated, the resistance of the hybrid seedlings can be improved, the hybrid seedlings bloom in advance and premature senility can be avoided, the time of the method is shortened by 1-1.5 years compared with the conventional methods for directly seeding the hybrid loquat seeds, raising the seedlings in the ground, sprouting the panicle and the like, the total time is not more than 5 years, and the method is favorable for later-stage seed test, line selection and early identification.
3. The hybrid seeds are different in size and plump degree, so that the seedling forming difference is obvious, if the seeds are small, the seedling forming speed is low, the seedlings are thin and weak, the loquat hybrid seedlings are slow in growth vigor, weak in tree vigor and poor in resistance, are easy to senilism, and are not beneficial to subsequent work such as loquat seed test, selection, new variety accelerated popularization and the like; the method provided by the invention can break the advantages of the seeds, and can avoid the problems that the seeds have strong growth vigor and weak growth vigor because of large growth vigor, thereby cultivating the hybrid seedlings with consistent and strong growth vigor, promoting early flowering and being beneficial to the subsequent test of new superior lines of loquat.
Detailed Description
In the following, preferred embodiments of the invention are described in further detail, it being noted that the following embodiments are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention without limiting it in any way, and that all features disclosed in the embodiments of the invention, or all steps in the methods or processes disclosed, may be combined in any way, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Example 1 fast germination of hybrid seeds of Eriobotrya japonica
The method for promoting the germination of the hybrid seeds of the loquat (flesh) and white sand to grow seedlings quickly provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) peeling off the seed coats: harvesting hybrid fruits of white sand (flesh) and loquat in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in open field of Zhejiang province, taking out hybrid seeds, cleaning, soaking for 2 hours, peeling off seed coats, and brewing seed embryos for 24 hours by running water.
(2) Accelerating germination: soaking the embryo with 800 times of water-soluble rooting powder (purchased from Hailier pharmaceutical industry group Co., Ltd., type three soluble liquid) for 12h to promote the elongation and growth of the radicle; and then regularly placing the embryo into a tray with wet gauze spread at the bottom, covering the embryo with the wet gauze for moisturizing, covering the embryo with a preservative film, poking the air holes with toothpicks, placing the embryo into a constant-temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culturing for 3 days, accelerating germination, periodically spraying water for moisturizing in the period, sowing after the radicle is elongated and the embryo is changed from yellow white to green, wherein the germination rate reaches 100%, and the growth vigor of the hybrid seedlings is consistent.
(3) Sowing: preparing a seedling culture medium, adopting special organic nutrient soil (purchased from the Taizhou Pepper, river and dragon prosperous department of commerce, model seedling culture special medium), mainly comprising imported grass moss, peat, perlite, vermiculite, humic acid, organic matters and the like, having a pH value of 5-6.5, and being soft, breathable and water-retaining. The soil mixing is preferably to be grabbed and not scattered, the soil is distributed to a 32-hole seeding and seedling raising hole tray, the hole tray is made of an extra-thick polyethylene material, the bottom of the hole tray is provided with a water outlet hole, loquat hybrid seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment are sown, the soil is covered by 0.5-1cm, the seedling raising tray is placed in a seedling raising tray box cultured in a constant-temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for convenience of transportation, moisture preservation and heat preservation, the cover of the seedling raising tray box is a transparent cover, the bottom support is watertight, and the size of the seedling raising tray box is in accordance with the specification of the seedling raising hole tray.
(4) Seedling culture: sowing for 3-5 days, after the embryo is broken, making the hole disc be transferred to a constant-temperature illumination culture chamber at 25 ℃ for culture, preparing 600 times of liquid of high-grade pure natural amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (the effective component contains amino acid more than or equal to 100g/L, Fe + Mn + Zn more than or equal to 22g/L, and hydrolyzed protein) made by Italy Saigo company, using water as solvent, carrying out spray irrigation every 5-7 days, promoting root growth, promoting nutrient absorption and balance, improving the stress resistance of seedlings, paying attention to that the spray irrigation is not too wet every time, and preferably soaking the bottom with matrix soil; after 2 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, the plug tray is moved to a greenhouse, and heating equipment can be added at low temperature in winter to promote growth. The hybrid loquat seedlings grow to the next spring and are transplanted, and the daily average temperature is 15-25 ℃.
(5) Transplanting and field planting: arranging a land block with the width of 4 meters and the height of 20cm, properly arranging 80cm x 80cm in a planting pit, matching each bean dreg organic fertilizer (produced by Anji Fumin organic fertilizer Co., Ltd., the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80%, the total nitrogen phosphorus potassium content is more than or equal to 5%, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and the water content is less than or equal to 20%) as a base fertilizer, turning soil and mixing uniformly for later use, determining the row spacing of hybrid seedlings according to the area of the land block, after planting the loquat hybrid seedlings, irrigating with a prepared 500-time strong rooting powder (purchased from Heler pharmaceutical industry group Co., Ltd., type three soluble liquid) solution, and irrigating once after one week; in the seedling recovering period, 600 times of solution of prozhengda water-soluble fertilizer (total amino acid 709.5g/L (about 55% w/w), total organic nitrogen 113.5g/L (about 8.8% w/w), free amino acid 110g/L and Mn 12g/L, Zn 12g/L) is used for irrigating once a week to promote new roots and quickly recover seedlings.
(6) Strong seedling cultivation: after the seedlings are planted and survived, 1000 times of macroelement full water-soluble fertilizer (macroelement N + P2O5+ K2O is more than or equal to 60%, and microelements Cu + Fe + Mn + Zn + B are 0.5% -3.0%, and are purchased from Shanghai Yongtong ecological engineering Limited company, model full water-soluble fertilizer) is applied to the hybridized loquat seedlings every 2-4 weeks to supply sufficient nutrition so as to promote the sound growth of the seedlings.
The method only relates to partial management steps of seeding and strong seedling cultivation in the cultivation of the hybrid white sand (flesh) loquat seedlings, and the loquat management in other periods, such as watering, pest control and the like, is carried out according to a conventional method.
Example 2 fast seedling development of seed germination of hybrid Red Sa loquat
The method for promoting the red sand (flesh) loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) peeling off the seed coats: the red-pulp loquat is late in flowering phase compared with the white-pulp loquat, the hybrid fruits are harvested 1-2 weeks later than the white-pulp loquat, the hybrid fruits of the red-pulp loquat are harvested in the late 5 months in the open field of Zhejiang province, the hybrid seeds are taken out, the hybrid seeds of the red-pulp loquat are full compared with the white pulp, the hybrid fruits are cleaned up, the hybrid seeds are soaked for 3 hours, seed coats are peeled off, and seed embryos are brewed for 24 hours by running water.
(2) Accelerating germination: soaking the embryo in 800 times of water-soluble rooting powder (purchased from Hailier pharmaceutical industry group, Inc., type three soluble liquid) for 12h to promote the elongation and growth of radicle; then, the embryo is regularly placed into a tray with wet gauze laid at the bottom, the wet gauze is used for covering and moisturizing, the fresh-keeping film is used for covering, the air holes are poked by toothpicks, the embryo is placed into a constant-temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culture for 3 days, germination is promoted, water is regularly sprayed during the period for moisturizing, after the radicle is elongated, the embryo is turned from yellow white to green, sowing is carried out, the germination rate reaches 100%, and the growth vigor of the hybrid seedlings is consistent.
(3) Sowing: preparing a seedling culture medium, adopting special organic nutrient soil (purchased from the type seedling culture medium of the Taizhou Zaojiang Longxing department of commerce), mainly comprising imported grass moss, peat, perlite, vermiculite, humic acid, organic matters and the like, wherein the pH value is 5-6.5, and the special organic nutrient soil is soft, breathable and water-retaining. The soil mixing is preferably to be grabbed and not scattered, the soil is distributed on a 32-hole seeding and seedling raising hole tray, the hole tray is made of an extra-thick polyethylene material, the bottom of the hole tray is provided with a water outlet hole, loquat hybrid seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment are sown, the soil is covered by 0.5-1cm, the seedling raising tray is placed in a seedling raising tray box cultured in a room-temperature or 25-DEG C constant-temperature culture room for convenience of transportation, moisture preservation and heat preservation, the cover of the seedling raising tray box is a transparent cover, the bottom support is watertight, and the size of the seedling raising tray box is in accordance with the specification of the seedling raising hole tray.
(4) Seedling culture: sowing for 3-5 days, after the embryo is broken, making the hole disc be transferred to a constant-temperature illumination culture chamber at 25 ℃ for culture, preparing 600 times of liquid of high-grade pure natural amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (the effective component contains amino acid more than or equal to 100g/L, Fe + Mn + Zn more than or equal to 22g/L, and hydrolyzed protein) made by Italy Saigo company, using water as solvent, carrying out spray irrigation every 5-7 days, promoting root growth, promoting nutrient absorption and balance, improving the stress resistance of seedlings, paying attention to that the spray irrigation is not too wet every time, and preferably soaking the bottom with matrix soil; after 2 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, the plug tray is moved to a greenhouse, and heating equipment can be added in an auxiliary manner at low temperature in winter to promote growth. The hybrid loquat seedlings grow to the next spring and are transplanted, and the daily average temperature is 15-25 ℃.
(5) Transplanting and field planting: arranging a land block with the width of 4 meters and the height of 20cm, properly arranging 80cm x 80cm in a planting pit, matching each bean dreg organic fertilizer (produced by Anji Fumin organic fertilizer Co., Ltd., the organic matter content is more than or equal to 80%, the total nitrogen phosphorus potassium content is more than or equal to 5%, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, and the water content is less than or equal to 20%) as a base fertilizer, turning soil and mixing uniformly for later use, determining the row spacing of hybrid seedlings according to the area of the land block, after planting the loquat hybrid seedlings, irrigating with a prepared 500-time strong rooting powder (purchased from Heler pharmaceutical industry group Co., Ltd., type three soluble liquid) solution, and irrigating once after one week; during the seedling recovering period, 600 times of solution of Zhangda water-soluble fertilizer (total amino acid 709.5g/L (about 55% w/w), total organic nitrogen 113.5g/L (about 8.8% w/w), free amino acid 110g/L and Mn 12g/L, Zn 12g/L) is used for irrigating once a week to promote new roots and rapidly recover seedlings. (6) Strong seedling cultivation: after the seedlings are planted and survived, 1000 times of macroelement full water-soluble fertilizer (macroelement N + P2O5+ K2O is more than or equal to 60%, and microelements Cu + Fe + Mn + Zn + B are 0.5% -3.0%) is applied to the hybridized loquat seedlings every 2-4 weeks (purchased from Shanghai Yongtong ecological engineering GmbH, model full water-soluble fertilizer), so that sufficient nutrition is supplied to promote the sound growth of the seedlings.
The method only relates to partial management steps of seeding and strong seedling cultivation in the cultivation of the hybrid red sand (flesh) loquat seedlings, and the loquat management in other periods, such as watering, pest control and the like, is carried out according to a conventional method.
Example 3 influence of seed coat stripping and seed embryo brewing in running water on Rapid seedling growing
This example carried out an experiment using the method provided in example 1, wherein the treatments for the hybrid white sand (flesh) loquat were divided into four groups of 30 per group:
(1) the seed coats are not peeled off, the seed embryos are not soaked in running water, the seed embryos are soaked in 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours, then the seed embryos are placed in a constant-temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for 3 days for germination acceleration, and water is sprayed periodically for moisturizing;
(2) peeling off seed coats, soaking the seed embryos in 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours without soaking in running water, putting the seed embryos into a constant-temperature culture chamber at 25 ℃ for culturing for 3 days for germination acceleration, and periodically spraying water for moisturizing;
(3) peeling off seed coats according to the method provided by the embodiment 1, soaking for 24h in running water, soaking the seed embryos in 800 times of rooting powder for 12h, then putting the seed embryos into a constant-temperature culture chamber at 25 ℃ for culturing for 3 days for accelerating germination, and periodically spraying water for moisturizing;
(4) peeling off the seed coats according to the method provided by the embodiment 1, soaking the seed coats in static water in a beaker for 24 hours, soaking the seed embryos in 800 times of rooting powder for 12 hours, putting the seed embryos into a constant-temperature culture room at 25 ℃ for culture for 3 days for germination acceleration, and periodically spraying water for moisturizing;
the germination rates and growth potentials of four groups of loquat hybrids were examined, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of different treatment conditions of hybrid white sand (flesh) loquat on germination rate and vigor
As can be seen from Table 1, the first group of embryos, which had not been peeled and were not brewed with running water, were difficult to bud; in the second group, although the seed coats are stripped, the seed embryos are not brewed in running water, and endogenous hormones remain in the seed embryos to limit the germination of the seed embryos; the third group peels off the seed coat and washes the embryo by flowing water for 24h, thus continuously reducing the concentration of endogenous ABA (abscisic acid) of the loquat embryo, basically eliminating the influence of residual endogenous hormone in the embryo, leading the germination rate to reach 100 percent and leading the growth vigor of the hybrid seedlings to be consistent; the fourth group adopts static water for soaking, the water needs to be changed for soaking in 3-5 hours, the budding rate is slightly lower than that of running water for soaking, probably because some endogenous hormones cannot be completely eliminated in the soaking process, and the embryo is deteriorated to generate peculiar smell due to too long soaking time, so that the subsequent seedling culture can be influenced; therefore, the third group is most preferable, and the seed coat is peeled off and then the mixture is brewed by flowing water.
Example 4 Effect of different pregermination methods on the pregermination Effect
In this example, the method provided in example 1 was used to perform experiments, wherein different germination accelerating methods were performed on the embryo of the hybrid white sand (flesh) loquat after peeling, and the germination accelerating effect was examined, which was divided into seven groups, each group containing 30 seeds:
a first group: soaking the embryo in clear water instead of rooting powder for 12h, and culturing in a constant-temperature culture chamber at 25 deg.C for 3 days;
second group: soaking the embryo with gibberellin (available from biochemistry corporation of Zhejiang Qianjiang, effective constituent and content, gibberellic acid 85%, concentration 300ppm) for 12 hr, and culturing in 25 deg.C constant temperature culture room for 3 days;
third group: soaking the embryo in gibberellin (purchased from biochemistry corporation of Zhejiang river, effective components and content, gibberellic acid 85%, concentration 800ppm) for 12h, and culturing in 25 deg.C constant temperature culture room for 3 days;
and a fourth group: soaking the embryo in 800 times of rooting powder for 12h, and culturing in a constant temperature culture chamber at 25 deg.C for 3 days;
and a fifth group: soaking the embryo in 800 times of rooting powder solution for 12h, and culturing in a constant temperature 22 deg.C culture chamber for 3 days;
a sixth group: soaking the embryo in 800 times of rooting powder solution for 12h, and culturing in a constant-temperature culture chamber at 27 deg.C for 3 days;
a seventh group: soaking the embryo in 800 times of rooting powder for 12h, and culturing in a constant temperature culture chamber at 30 deg.C for 3 days;
three groups of loquat hybrids were examined for radicle growth and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of different pregermination methods on the pregermination Effect
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination accelerating effects are obviously different when the main radicle is soaked in clear water, gibberellin or rooting powder and cultured at different temperatures, and when the clear water is adopted, the main radicle grows slowly and no lateral radicle exists in one week after seeding; when gibberellin is adopted, the length of the main radicle is short, the number of the radicles on the side after sowing is small, and when the concentration of the gibberellin is too high, the germination accelerating effect is not achieved, and the growth of the embryo is inhibited; when the rooting powder is adopted for soaking, the growth speed of the main radicle is obviously improved, and the number of the radicles on the back side of the sowed seed is obviously increased, so that the seed embryo stripped of the seed coat is preferably soaked by adopting 800 times of the rooting powder, and the germination accelerating effect is better; the influence of different culture temperatures on the germination accelerating effect can be observed, the growth speed of the main radicle is the fastest at 25 ℃, the number of the radicles on the rear side of one-week sowing is the largest, the growth potential is consistent, and the germination accelerating effect is better.
The application of the present invention is not limited thereto. Such as expansion according to the application range in the aspect of environmental protection. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for raising loquat hybrid seeds is characterized in that the seed coats of loquat seeds are firstly stripped and then the loquat seeds are cultured.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) peeling off the seed coats;
(2) accelerating germination of the seed embryo with the seed coat removed;
(3) and (5) sowing and seedling raising.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step (1) of peeling the seed coats is further performed by flowing water for brewing the seed embryos after peeling the seed coats.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the peeling of the seed coat in step (1) is carried out by soaking the loquat seed in water for 2-3h, peeling the seed coat, and brewing the embryo with flowing water for 24 h.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pregermination treatment in the step (2) comprises soaking the seed embryo in rooting powder, and performing constant-temperature culture for pregermination.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pregermination treatment in step (2) comprises soaking the embryo with peel off seed coat in 800 times of rooting powder for 12h, placing into a tray with wet gauze, and culturing at 25 deg.C for 3 days.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the seeding and seedling raising in step (3) is that the germ after germination accelerating treatment is sowed in a seedling raising substrate, the seedling raising box is cultured for 3-5 days, the germ is transferred to a constant-temperature illumination culture room for culture after the germ breaks the ground, 600 times of solution of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed, and the seedling is moved to a greenhouse after the seedling grows out of true leaves.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising step (4): transplanting and field planting, wherein a field planting pit of each seedling is 80cm x 80cm, each seedling is matched with 2.5kg of bean dreg organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, the seedlings are irrigated by 500 times of rooting powder solution after field planting, and the seedlings are irrigated by 600 times of amino acid water soluble fertilizer solution every week after a seedling revival period.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step (5): after the field planting survives, 1000 times of macroelement full water-soluble fertilizer 800-containing and 1000 times of liquid is applied every 2 to 4 weeks.
10. The application of peeling off the seed coat in promoting the loquat seed to sprout and grow into seedlings quickly.
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