CN103461050A - Loquat cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting - Google Patents
Loquat cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103461050A CN103461050A CN2013104038770A CN201310403877A CN103461050A CN 103461050 A CN103461050 A CN 103461050A CN 2013104038770 A CN2013104038770 A CN 2013104038770A CN 201310403877 A CN201310403877 A CN 201310403877A CN 103461050 A CN103461050 A CN 103461050A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a loquat cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting. The loquat cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting comprises filling nursery pots with seedling cultivation substrates; seeding selected well-developed loquat seeds in May to July, seeding two seeds in every nursery pot, covering every nursery pot with a layer of seedling cultivation substrates and watering the nursery pots until the moisture content to be between 10 to 50 %; moving the watered nursery pots to a greenhouse, covering the greenhouse with a sunshade net to shade sunshine and spraying water for 1 to 3 times every week to enable the moisture content of the seedling cultivation substrates to be maintained between 10 to 30 %; fertilizing and watering the loquat seedlings every half month after the loquat seedlings have three main leaves. According to the loquat cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting, growth of the loquat seedlings is greatly speeded up due to coordination of the greenhouse and the nursery pots; a seedling alleviation period caused by loquat root system damage is effectively shortened due to the fact that the seeding and grafting which are performed in the nursery pots are different from traditional indoor seeding and grafting; twice twig developing is performed on the loquats which are planted in the greenhouse compared with loquats planted in the open field and accordingly the loquat seedling emergence time is 1.5 years earlier than traditional seedling cultivation.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is fruit growing method field, is specifically related to a kind of loquat and downgrades the cultivation method of result ahead of time.
Background technology
Loquat is a kind of aiphyllium.Under self-sow, tree crown forms more regular, well arranged, and tree crown is generally the nature globular model, and height can reach 6-10m.Under the situation that at present labour cost is high, the artificial input that the tall trees hat will increase flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging, gather etc., reduction production efficiency.In addition, adopt traditional seedling-wood breeding and cultivation method, general stock is cultivated needs 2 years, seedling grafting 1 year, and after the loquat kind, general the 3rd year autumn and winter result the 4th year early summer of blooming, produce income slower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of loquat and downgrades the cultivation method of result ahead of time, and it can solve existing problem in background technology effectively.
A kind of breeding method of downgrading the loquat seedling comprises following steps:
1. insert seedling medium in seedling-growing container;
2. selecting well-developed Loquat Seeds to be sowed in 5-7 month, each seedling-growing container broadcast 2 and lid layer seedling medium water water to water content be 10-50%, get final product;
3. will water water seedling-growing container remove to booth, and cover the sunshade net sunshade on booth, spray water 1-3 time weekly, make the moisture content of seedling medium remain on 10-30%;
4. after the loquat seedling grows 3 true leaves, every two weeks is executed liquid manure one time;
5. when the loquat seedling grows to 5-7cm, thinning in time retains 1 strain healthy seedling, and removes sunshade net during lower than 28-30 ℃ at temperature, and when night, temperature was lower than 5-8 ℃, booth carries out the overlay film insulation;
6. when height of seedling reaches 16-24cm, top stays 1-3 bud by outside its continued growth, and its bud sent below needs all to erase;
7. slightly reach 0.7cm when above when the liftoff 10cm of loquat seedling place stem, can carry out grafting, at least one in the annual spring tip or summer shoot picked up from scion, while connecing, stock is rolled over to anvil in about 10cm place apart from ground, its top overhead 20-30cm stays at place 3-5 sheet leaf place to cut off, then is rolling over cut-grafting method grafting for the anvil place with two buds;
8. after completing grafting 15-30 days, remove in time the rudiment on stock after sprouting wait buddering, position to be grafted occurs when strand is hung that will wrap up film removes, remove the following side shoot of scion young sprout 15-25cm, retain 3-4 side shoot of pumping between young sprout 20-30cm as the ground floor major branch, execute per month a liquid manure after scion survives to promote the seedling growth, after 7-10 month, can reach the requirement of emerging.
Described seedling medium is by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer and be greater than 20 purpose fine sand mixing manufactures and form, and the compositing range of its various compositions is:
Various composition summations 100% (weight)
Described seedling medium preparation method is:
1. by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer be greater than 20 purpose fine sands and mix, can obtain a kind of dry matter mixture;
2. by the dry matter mixture obtained, adding the water that accounts for its 20-50% (weight) again to stir, can obtain a kind of mixture;
3. the sealing of mixture being packed in the airtight container 30-90 days that becomes thoroughly decomposed, obtain.
Described liquid manure is made by water and composite fertilizer's mix and blend, wherein the content of composite fertilizer in water is 0.2%-0.3%, described composite fertilizer preferably adopts " fragrant plant field " board potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of being produced by fragrant plant field ecological engineering limited company, and wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13-18%:13-18%:13-18%.
A kind of transplanting and shaping methods of downgrading loquat:
1. dug the planting pit of dark each 0.8-1.2m of length and width, the 50-60kg fertilizer of inserting of the fertile one deck soil of one deck also builds with table soil the knoll that 20-30cm is high;
2. after the fertilizer in being filled into planting pit rots fully, the loquat seedling is connected to native complete taking-up from seedling-growing container, plant in planting pit, while banketing, the grafting mouth is basseted, tread and then irrigate normal root water;
3. watered after normal root water and covered grass or the straw moisturizing that 5-20cm is thick around tree crown, watered once every 3-5 days, till watering continuously and surviving fully to the loquat sapling in 30-40 days.
4. the loquat sapling after surviving, along 3-4 side shoot around trunk as major branch, then retains 2-4 root accessory branch on every major branch, then retains 3-6 root fruit-bearing shoot cluster on each accessory branch, and each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 major branch and 2 result pair major branches as a result.
5. cultivate into the classification major branch every the reserved 3-4 root side shoot in 50-60cm place above major branch, retain 2-3 accessory branch on every classification major branch, retain 3-6 fruit-bearing shoot cluster on every accessory branch, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster contains 1 major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result as a result.
Owing to having adopted above technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect: utilize the cooperation of booth and seedling-growing container can accelerate greatly the growth of loquat seedling, because sowing and grafting are all carried out in seedling-growing container, be different from traditional indoor lifting grafting, can effectively shorten the seedling-slowing stage that the damage of loquat shoot root system causes, add at booth internal ratio open country and plant multiple 2 tips in a year, the seedling-growing time of loquat is grown seedlings 1.5 years ahead of time than tradition; Due to seedling stage fixed pole complete the cultivation of major branch and classification major branch, cultivate again skeleton branch and cut the seedling fixed pole after unconventional kind, reduced the damage to the loquat seedling, make the formation time of fruit-bearing shoot cluster do sth. in advance 1-2; By the trunk height fixed pole is decided to be from grafting mouth 25-30cm, be different from traditional 60cm, each layer of major branch is apart from 50-60cm, the whole loquat height of tree is controlled in 2m, thereby reach the purpose of stunted tree type, solved traditional free growth, cause the phenomenon of height of tree crown indeterminate growth.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below will the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention be clearly and completely described.
A kind of breeding method of downgrading the loquat seedling comprises following steps:
1. insert seedling medium in seedling-growing container, this seedling-growing container preferably adopts by the polythene material film and is made, and its bottom is with apopore;
2. selecting well-developed Loquat Seeds to be sowed in 5-7 month, each seedling-growing container broadcast 2 and lid layer seedling medium water water to water content be 10-50%, get final product;
3. will water water seedling-growing container remove to booth, and cover the sunshade net sunshade on booth, spray water 1-3 time weekly, make the moisture content of seedling medium remain on 10-30%;
4. after the loquat seedling grows 3 true leaves, every two weeks is executed liquid manure one time;
5. when the loquat seedling grows to 5-7cm, thinning in time retains 1 strain healthy seedling, and removes sunshade net during lower than 28-30 ℃ at temperature, and when night, temperature was lower than 5-8 ℃, booth carries out the overlay film insulation;
6. when height of seedling reaches 16-24cm, top stays 1-3 bud by outside its continued growth, and its bud sent below needs all to erase;
7. slightly reach 0.7cm when above when the liftoff 10cm of loquat seedling place stem, can carry out grafting, at least one in the annual spring tip or summer shoot picked up from scion, while connecing, stock is rolled over to anvil in about 10cm place apart from ground, its top overhead 20-30cm stays at place 3-5 sheet leaf place to cut off, again with two buds in cut-grafting method grafting for folding anvil place, during due to grafting, stock is not completely cured, and after therefore connecing, survives, seedling growth is fast;
8. after completing grafting 15-30 days, remove in time the rudiment on stock after sprouting wait buddering, position to be grafted occurs when strand is hung that will wrap up film removes, and removes the following side shoot of scion young sprout 15-25cm, retains 3-4 side shoot of pumping between young sprout 20-30cm as the ground floor major branch.Execute per month a liquid manure after scion survives to promote the seedling growth, after 7-10 month, can reach the requirement of emerging.
Described seedling medium is by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer and be greater than 20 purpose fine sand mixing manufactures and form, and the compositing range of its various compositions is:
Various composition summations 100% (weight)
Described seedling medium preparation method is:
1. by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer be greater than 20 purpose fine sands and mix, can obtain a kind of dry matter mixture;
2. by the dry matter mixture obtained, adding the water that accounts for its 20-50% (weight) again to stir, can obtain a kind of mixture;
3. the sealing of mixture being packed in the airtight container 30-90 days that becomes thoroughly decomposed, obtain.
Described liquid manure is made by water and composite fertilizer's mix and blend, because the concentration to fertilizer of Loquat seedling is comparatively responsive, the content of described composite fertilizer in water is 0.2%-0.3%, described composite fertilizer preferably adopts " fragrant plant field " board potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of being produced by fragrant plant field ecological engineering limited company, and wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13-18%:13-18%:13-18%.
A kind of transplanting and shaping methods of downgrading loquat:
1. dug the planting pit of dark each 0.8-1.2m of length and width, the 50-60kg fertilizer of inserting of the fertile one deck soil of one deck also builds with table soil the knoll that 20-30cm is high;
2. after the fertilizer in being filled into planting pit rots fully, the loquat seedling is connected to native complete taking-up from seedling-growing container, plant in planting pit, while banketing, the grafting mouth is basseted, tread and then irrigate normal root water;
3. watered after normal root water and covered grass or the straw moisturizing that 5-20cm is thick around tree crown, watered once every 3-5 days, till watering continuously and surviving fully to the loquat sapling in 30-40 days.
4. the loquat sapling after surviving, along 3-4 side shoot around trunk as major branch, then retains 2-4 root accessory branch on every major branch, then retains 3-6 root fruit-bearing shoot cluster on each accessory branch, and each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 major branch and 2 result pair major branches as a result.
5. cultivate into the classification major branch every the reserved 3-4 root side shoot in 50-60cm place above major branch, retain 2-3 accessory branch on every classification major branch, retain 3-6 fruit-bearing shoot cluster on every accessory branch, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster contains 1 major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result as a result.
It is double-deck that described classification major branch is preferably, and adds that major branch amounts to three layers, October next year branch quantity can reach between 250-290, thereby the purpose that after realizing kind, next year blooms.
Owing to having adopted above technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect: utilize the cooperation of booth and seedling-growing container can accelerate greatly the growth of loquat seedling, because sowing and grafting are all carried out in seedling-growing container, be different from traditional indoor lifting grafting, can effectively shorten the seedling-slowing stage that the damage of loquat shoot root system causes, add at booth internal ratio open country and plant multiple 2 tips in a year, the seedling-growing time of loquat is grown seedlings 1.5 years ahead of time than tradition; Due to seedling stage fixed pole complete the cultivation of major branch and classification major branch, cultivate again skeleton branch and cut the seedling fixed pole after unconventional kind, reduced the damage to the loquat seedling, make the formation time of fruit-bearing shoot cluster do sth. in advance 1-2; By the trunk height fixed pole is decided to be from grafting mouth 25-30cm, be different from traditional 60cm, each layer of major branch is apart from 50-60cm, the whole loquat height of tree is controlled in 2m, thereby reach the purpose of stunted tree type, solved traditional free growth, cause the phenomenon of height of tree crown indeterminate growth.
Finally it should be noted that: above embodiment only, in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that its technical scheme that still can put down in writing aforementioned each embodiment modifies, or part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (4)
1. a loquat is downgraded the cultivation method of result ahead of time:
(1) insert seedling medium in seedling-growing container;
(2) selecting well-developed Loquat Seeds to be sowed in 5-7 month, each seedling-growing container broadcast 2 and lid layer seedling medium water water to water content be 10-50%, get final product;
(3) will water water seedling-growing container remove to booth, and cover the sunshade net sunshade on booth, spray water 1-3 time weekly, make the moisture content of seedling medium remain on 10-30%;
(4) after the loquat seedling grows 3 true leaves, every two weeks is executed liquid manure one time;
(5) when the loquat seedling grows to 5-7cm, thinning in time retains 1 strain healthy seedling, and removes sunshade net during lower than 28-30 ℃ at temperature, and when night, temperature was lower than 5-8 ℃, booth carries out the overlay film insulation;
(6) when height of seedling reaches 16-24cm, top stays 1-3 bud by outside its continued growth, and its bud sent below needs all to erase;
(7) slightly reach 0.7cm when above when the liftoff 10cm of loquat seedling place stem, can carry out grafting, at least one in the annual spring tip or summer shoot picked up from scion, while connecing, stock is rolled over to anvil in about 10cm place apart from ground, its top overhead 20-30cm stays at place 3-5 sheet leaf place to cut off, then is rolling over cut-grafting method grafting for the anvil place with two buds;
(8) after completing grafting 15-30 days, remove in time the rudiment on stock after sprouting wait buddering, position to be grafted occurs when strand is hung that will wrap up film removes, remove the following side shoot of scion young sprout 15-25cm, retain 3-4 side shoot of pumping between young sprout 20-30cm as the ground floor major branch, execute per month a liquid manure after scion survives to promote the seedling growth, after 7-10 month, can reach the requirement of emerging.
2. downgrade the cultivation method of result ahead of time according to the described a kind of loquat of claim 1, it is characterized in that described seedling medium by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer and be greater than 20 purpose fine sand mixing manufactures forming, the compositing range of its various compositions is:
Various composition summations 100% (weight).
3. the method for seedling medium as claimed in claim 1 or 2 of processing is:
(1), by hack, sheep excrement, cake fertilizer, composite fertilizer be greater than 20 purpose fine sands and mix, can obtain a kind of dry matter mixture;
(2) by the dry matter mixture obtained, adding the water that accounts for its 20-50% (weight) again to stir, can obtain a kind of mixture;
(3) the sealing 30-90 days that becomes thoroughly decomposed that mixture packed in airtight container, obtain.
4. transplanting and a shaping methods of downgrading loquat:
(1) dug the planting pit of dark each 0.8-1.2m of length and width, the 50-60kg fertilizer of inserting of the fertile one deck soil of one deck also builds with table soil the knoll that 20-30cm is high;
(2) after the fertilizer in being filled into planting pit rots fully, the loquat seedling is connected to native complete taking-up from seedling-growing container, plant in planting pit, while banketing, the grafting mouth is basseted, tread and then irrigate normal root water;
(3) watered after normal root water and covered grass or the straw moisturizing that 5-20cm is thick around tree crown, watered once every 3-5 days, till watering continuously and surviving fully to the loquat sapling in 30-40 days.
(4) the loquat sapling after surviving, along 3-4 side shoot around trunk as major branch, then retains 2-4 root accessory branch on every major branch, then retains 3-6 root fruit-bearing shoot cluster on each accessory branch, and each fruit-bearing shoot cluster is containing 1 major branch and 2 result pair major branches as a result.
(5) cultivate into the classification major branch every the reserved 3-4 root side shoot in 50-60cm place above major branch, retain 2-3 accessory branch on every classification major branch, retain 3-6 fruit-bearing shoot cluster on every accessory branch, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster contains 1 major branch and 2 secondary major branches of result as a result.
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Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104221801A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-24 | 蒋君军 | Method for renewing and rejuvenating declined loquat trees |
| CN104737878A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-01 | 高健 | Loquat nursery-grown plant transplanting technology |
| CN104770126A (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2015-07-15 | 李澜 | Nest fertilizer application technology |
| CN105052636A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-18 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | Bagging method for dwarfing baiyu loquat in river beach areas |
| CN105210639A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-06 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of postpone taking time at the beginning of loquat improve the method for loquat yield and quality |
| CN105941054A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州省兴仁县佳文生态农业开发有限公司 | A loquat seedling culture method |
| CN106358962A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-02-01 | 合肥润雨农业科技有限公司 | Hybrid seedling culture method for improved loquats |
| CN106538336A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-29 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | It is a kind of to be colonized the cultural method that the tender Seedling of Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time |
| CN106718555A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 泸县海潮枇杷专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of loquat seedling |
| CN106937576A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-07-11 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method for shortening loquat juvenile phase |
| CN106962103A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of cherry cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting |
| CN107258457A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-20 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of loquat high yield |
| CN107439300A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-08 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of method of Loquat Seeds nursery |
| CN107820880A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-23 | 巢湖市年晟农业生态有限公司 | A kind of method of loquat grafting cultivation |
| CN107873372A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-06 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of method for planting loquat |
| CN108781983A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-11-13 | 广西农垦国有立新农场 | A kind of tribute mandarin orange downgrades the implantation methods of high yield |
| CN109526512A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-29 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving loquat early yield |
| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN115024143A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly |
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104221801A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-24 | 蒋君军 | Method for renewing and rejuvenating declined loquat trees |
| CN104770126A (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2015-07-15 | 李澜 | Nest fertilizer application technology |
| CN104737878A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-01 | 高健 | Loquat nursery-grown plant transplanting technology |
| CN105052636A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-18 | 太仓市永发农场专业合作社 | Bagging method for dwarfing baiyu loquat in river beach areas |
| CN105210639B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of method postponed loquat and just take time to improve loquat yield and quality |
| CN105210639A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-06 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of postpone taking time at the beginning of loquat improve the method for loquat yield and quality |
| CN105941054A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州省兴仁县佳文生态农业开发有限公司 | A loquat seedling culture method |
| CN106358962A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-02-01 | 合肥润雨农业科技有限公司 | Hybrid seedling culture method for improved loquats |
| CN106937576A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-07-11 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method for shortening loquat juvenile phase |
| CN106937576B (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2020-05-19 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for shortening juvenile period of loquat |
| CN106538336A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-29 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | It is a kind of to be colonized the cultural method that the tender Seedling of Folium Eriobotryae grafting is gone into operation ahead of time |
| CN106718555A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 泸县海潮枇杷专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of loquat seedling |
| CN106962103A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of cherry cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting |
| CN107439300A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-08 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of method of Loquat Seeds nursery |
| CN107258457A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-20 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of loquat high yield |
| CN107820880A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-23 | 巢湖市年晟农业生态有限公司 | A kind of method of loquat grafting cultivation |
| CN107873372A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-06 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of method for planting loquat |
| CN108781983A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-11-13 | 广西农垦国有立新农场 | A kind of tribute mandarin orange downgrades the implantation methods of high yield |
| CN109526512A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-29 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving loquat early yield |
| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN115024143A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly |
| CN115024143B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-03-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and quickly grow seedlings |
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