CN101697703B - Method for bickiron inoculation of buds symbiotic to root fungi for culturing seedlings of Chinese chestnut - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating Chinese chestnut seedlings by bud stock grafting symbiotic with rhizomes. The method is to breed chestnut container seedlings with symbiotic roots and rhizomes by adopting the method of grafting buds anvils and cutting roots to inoculate rhizomes. After the diluted chestnut mycorrhizal liquid or chestnut mycorrhizal agent is inoculated after the roots are cut off, on the one hand, the lateral roots will grow well, and on the other hand, the root system and the root fungus will be symbiotic, and then the container seedlings will be moved into the greenhouse for large-scale cultivation; The seedlings are directly transplanted to the field, the seedling time is fast, the survival rate of the seedlings is high, and the seedlings grow robustly.

Description

A method for cultivating chestnut seedlings by bud-stock grafting in symbiosis with rhizomes

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of nursery stock cultivation, and relates to a method for cultivating chestnut seedlings, in particular to a method for grafting and cultivating chestnut seedlings with rhizome symbiosis.

Background technique

Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume), also known as chestnut and hair chestnut, is a special product of my country. Traditional medicine believes that chestnut is warm in nature, sweet and flat in taste, enters the spleen, stomach, and kidney meridian, and has the effects of nourishing the kidney and strengthening the spleen. Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Chestnut treats kidney deficiency, weakness of the waist and legs, can unblock the kidney and replenish qi, thicken the stomach, the kidney governs stool, and chestnut can govern the kidney." Tang Sun Simiao's "Thousand Gold Prescriptions" says: "Chestnuts, salty and warm, non-toxic, nourishing qi, thickening the stomach, nourishing kidney qi, making people resistant to muscles, eating them raw, can even cure waist and foot dysfunction." Therefore chestnut has the title of " fruit of kidney ".

my country is the earliest country in the world to cultivate chestnuts. my country's chestnut cultivation is distributed in 21 provinces (regions), and the main production areas are in the Qinba Mountains of Shandong, Hebei, Hubei, Henan, and Shaanxi. As of 2004, the national chestnut cultivation area has reached 1.25 million hectares, with an annual output of 800,000 tons of chestnuts, accounting for 71.7% of the world's total output. Chestnut has always been the key product of my country's export and foreign exchange earning, and enjoys a high reputation in the international market, and the supply of the product has been in short supply. my country exports 40,000 tons of chestnuts every year, earning nearly 79.9 million U.S. dollars in foreign exchange, and chestnuts rank first among dried fruits. In recent years, under the influence of market demand, price and the rise of the health food industry, and under the promotion of the policy of returning farmland to forestry and agricultural industrial structure adjustment, chestnut has developed rapidly in my country, and a number of chestnut products have been built in various suitable areas. base. Due to the low investment, quick results and high benefits of chestnuts, the masses have regarded chestnuts as "hope trees", "rich trees" and "money cows", and the planting scale has expanded year by year.

However, the rapid development of production requires a large supply of good seedlings. At present, due to the lack of large-scale seedling breeding technology for improved varieties of chestnut, the degree of improvement of improved varieties of chestnut is very low, it is difficult to support high-quality and high-yield cultivation of chestnut, and it cannot meet the requirements of producing high-quality, pollution-free chestnut fruit that earns foreign exchange.

Deng Zhongmei discloses a grafting technique of Chinese chestnut bud seedling stock (forestry science and technology development, the 1st period in 1999, 43-44). The grafted seedlings are cultivated in the sand bed until the scion buds are open and green, and they are transplanted out of the shed to the field nursery. This method has the advantages of afforestation in one year, saving time and early fruiting; but this method still adopts the method of raising seedlings and transplanting to build a garden.

At present, field seed propagation is generally adopted in the construction of chestnut orchards. The standard of orchard construction is low and the yield cannot be increased. If the garden is built by transplanting seedlings, whether it is seedlings or grafted seedlings, due to the taproot of the seedlings and poor root regeneration ability, the roots will be seriously damaged when the seedlings are transplanted for afforestation, the phenomenon of slow seedlings is serious, and the fruiting is late; Even if it becomes a forest after transplanting, there will be a phenomenon of reduced fruiting after two to three years. This is because the root tip of chestnut often symbioses with some fungi to form ectomycorrhizal fungi, and chestnut mycorrhizal symbiosis is a necessary condition to ensure the normal growth of chestnut. During the process of transplanting chestnut seedlings to wood, due to the separation of seedling soil, the soil environment in which soil fungi and root systems co-exist is changed, and the normal growth of root systems cannot be guaranteed.

Contents of the invention

The problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating chestnut seedlings by bud-stock grafting in symbiosis with root fungi. Large-scale cultivation, the seedlings cultivated by this method can be directly used for field transplantation, the survival rate is high, and the seedlings grow robustly.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for cultivating chestnut seedlings by bud-stock grafting in symbiosis with rhizomes, comprising the following steps:

1) Inoculation of chestnut rhizome

Cut off the root tips of the grafted seedlings cultivated by bud-stock grafting including the main lateral roots by 0.5-2 cm, and then dip the roots in the chestnut root fungus liquid for 2-3 seconds;

2) container seedling cultivation

Transplant the grafted seedlings inoculated with the chestnut rhizome solution in a container with a cultivation substrate, and the transplantation depth makes the grafting interface expose the cultivation substrate;

After the grafted seedlings are transplanted into container seedlings, spray 30ml to 50ml of the boiling liquid of litter and leaves under the chestnut forest on the same day;

3) greenhouse cultivation

Move the container seedlings into a sealed greenhouse for cultivation within 6 hours after spraying the boiling liquid, keep the relative humidity in the greenhouse between 70% and 80%, and the temperature does not exceed 35°C;

4) Seedling management

Remove rootstock germination and flower buds in time during greenhouse cultivation;

After keeping the greenhouse sealed for 30-40 days, remove the film at night to let the air out; after that, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass fraction of 0.2-0.3% once every 10-15 days;

Before the container seedlings are transplanted into the field, spray the boiled liquid of the litter and leaves under the chestnut forest again, and spray 30ml to 50ml of each container seedling.

The chestnut root fungus solution used when inoculating the chestnut rhizome is the 1000-fold diluted chestnut root fungus liquid or chestnut root fungus agent prepared in advance.

The chestnut rhizome liquid is a mixed bacterial agent containing Xerocomus chrysenteron and Cortinarius sublanatu.

The cultivation substrate is: chestnut undergrowth topsoil with a mass fraction of 25% to 45%, burnt soil or cultivated soil with a mass fraction of 20% to 40%, sand with a mass fraction of 20% to 30%, and 3% to 5% mass fraction. % calcium superphosphate, 1-5% potassium sulfate by mass fraction, and 0.5%-2% ferrous sulfate by mass fraction.

The boiled liquid of chestnut undergrowth litter is: boil the chestnut undergrowth litter for 30 minutes with boiling water at 100° C., and then let stand to cool the filtrate.

Said shade shed is built on the sealed greenhouse where the container seedlings move in, and the shade shed is kept until summer and removed.

The container used for cultivating container seedlings is a black plastic container with a diameter of 16-20 cm and a height of 20 cm; or a degradable container is used.

Described bud-stock grafting cultivation grafting seedling comprises the following steps:

1) germination of stock species

Soak the selected chestnut seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours or 30 minutes in 2% to 3% potassium permanganate solution, take them out, rinse them with clean water and spread them on the sand. On the bed, cover the sand layer and pour enough saturated water, and cover the sand layer with a breathable film; keep the humidity of the sand bed at 40%, and control the temperature at 15-20°C for 15-20 days;

When the radicle of the seed grows to 2-3cm, cut off 1cm of the root tip of the radicle, soak the seeds with the broken radicle root tip in 50ppm naphthalene acetic acid or 50-100ppm ABT3 rooting powder for 1-3 seconds, and then take out the seeds , the root tips are placed on the pre-made sand bed in the greenhouse one by one, covered with fine sand, and continue to germinate; the temperature in the shed is controlled at 20-25°C, and the relative humidity is kept at 80%-85%. 25 days;

2) Gather the scion

Collect the newly developed semi-lignified chestnut branches of the year as scions, and the time from scion collection to grafting should not exceed 12 hours;

3) Grafting

When the germ grows to 3-5cm, take the sprouts out of the greenhouse, cut off the upper end of the sprouts, keep the roots of the sprouts 2.5-3cm long, and then cut them longitudinally from the center of the sprout stems, with a length of 1.5-2cm;

Cut the chestnut branches to be grafted into scions, leave two buds for each ear, leave a 0.5cm branch on the first bud, and leave a 1.5-2cm branch under the second bud; cut the lower end of the branch into a wedge shape, The length of the sliced noodles is 1-2cm, and it is cut with 2 knives, and the knife cannot be repaired;

Insert the cut scion from the incision of the bud stem 1.5 to 2 cm, and tie and fix the cambium;

The grafted seedlings were obtained after healing culture.

The described Chinese chestnut branch that is used for grafting is the semi-lignified branch that the diameter of newly developed year matches with bud anvil;

The growth rate of bud stock is consistent with the semi-lignification period of scion by adjusting the temperature and humidity of germination greenhouse to control the growth speed of bud stock.

When the cut scion is inserted from the incision of the bud stem for grafting, after the cambium is aligned, there will be no space between the scion and the incision, and there will be no white on the top; then fix it with aluminum foil or bind it with a plastic film.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

The method for breeding Chinese chestnut provided by the invention is to adopt the methods of anvil grafting of bud seedlings and inoculation of root fungus to breed chestnut container seedlings with symbiotic roots and root fungi, and then move the container seedlings into a greenhouse for large-scale cultivation; the seedlings after successful seedling cultivation are directly transplanted In Daejeon, the seedling time is fast and the survival rate of seedlings is high.

Since the chestnut rhizome is inoculated after the roots of the grafted seedlings are cut off, and cultivated on the cultivation substrate, the root system of the cultivated seedlings and the rhizome are symbiotic, which greatly improves the survival rate after transplantation, and the root system of the plant grows well after the forest is formed, and it is strong. The effect is good.

The Chinese invention patent with application number 200610081201.4 discloses a chestnut rhizobacterium, and discloses that the rhizobacterium prepared by it is used for sowing seedlings or soaking seeds for direct afforestation, and soaking roots for planting annual seedlings. In contrast, the chestnut mycorrhizal liquid described in the present invention can use the above-mentioned diluted chestnut mycorrhizal liquid or chestnut mycorrhizal agent, but the dipped root of the present invention is rooted at the root tip of grafted seedlings including main lateral roots. After inoculation, on the one hand, the lateral root growth is developed, and on the other hand, the root system and the root fungus are symbiotic; and the cultivation substrate in the container seedling cultivation stage and the boiled liquid of the fallen leaves under the forest are sprayed twice to promote the growth of the root system and the root fungus. Necessary conditions for symbiosis; finally, the symbiosis of the root system and the rhizobacteria is achieved after the container is removed and transplanted into the field.

In the cultivation of the two stages of bud stock grafting and rhizobacteria symbiosis that the present invention also provides, comprise two times of root cutting, one is the function of cutting off the radicle during the vernalization of the stock species to promote the growth of lateral roots, and the second time is the root after grafting. The root cutting of grafted seedlings is to inoculate the root fungus; the two root cuttings promote the continuous development of the root system and provide favorable conditions for the symbiosis with the root fungus.

In bud-stock grafting, the matching of scion and germ is the key to successful grafting, including the matching of bud-stock growth (3 to 5 cm) and the semi-lignification stage of scion, and the matching of scion diameter and bud-stock diameter. The present invention The growth rate of bud stock is controlled by adjusting the temperature and humidity of the germination greenhouse.

Detailed ways

The chestnut breeding method provided by the invention adopts the method of anvil grafting of bud seedlings and inoculation of root fungi to breed chestnut seedlings whose roots and rhizomes co-exist, and the cultivated seedlings are directly transplanted to the field for planting, the seedling time is fast, and the survival rate of the seedlings is high.

Seedling cultivation includes two stages: rootstock grafting and root fungus co-growing seedlings; detailed seedling cultivation stages include: rootstock germination, scion collection, grafting, root fungus inoculation, container seedling cultivation, greenhouse cultivation and seedling management stages. The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, which are explanations of the present invention rather than limitations.

Example 1

A method for cultivating chestnut seedlings by bud-stock grafting in symbiosis with rhizomes, comprising the following steps:

1) germination of stock species

In the northern part of Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, in early October, after the chestnut matures, choose seeds with good maturity and no pests and diseases to soak the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.5% for 2 hours, rinse them with clean water, spread them on the sand bed in layers, and cover them. The sand layer is poured with enough saturated water, and the sand layer is covered with a breathable film; the humidity of the sand bed is kept at 60%, and the temperature is controlled at 15-20°C for 15-20 days;

When the seed radicle grows to 2-3cm, cut off the radicle root tip from the root tip of 1.5cm, then soak in 50ppm naphthaleneacetic acid for 1-3s, and move it into the greenhouse to accelerate germination; cut off the root tip and soak in 50ppm naphthaleneacetic acid Facilitate the germination of lateral roots;

Place the seeds with the root tip of the radicle cut off one by one on the sand bed, with the root tip down and covered with fine sand; the temperature in the shed is controlled at 20-25°C, the relative humidity is kept at 80%-85%, and the temperature is kept at 20-25°C. 25 days; control the growth of sprouts by controlling the temperature in the shed to ensure that the scion collection time coincides with the development of sprouts.

2) Gather the scion

When the germ can grow to 3-4cm, collect newly developed semi-lignified chestnut branches with a diameter of 4-5mm (basically the same thickness as the bud anvil) for grafting; the time from branch collection to grafting should not exceed 12 hours ;

3) Grafting

When the sprouts of the stock grow to 3-5cm, take out the sprouts from the greenhouse, cut off the upper end of the sprouts, keep the sprouts 2.5-3cm long, and then cut them longitudinally from the center of the sprout stems, the incision length is 1.5-2cm ;

Cut the chestnut branches into scions, leave two buds for each ear, leave a 0.5cm branch on the first bud, and leave a 1.5-2cm branch under the second bud; cut the lower end of the branch into a wedge shape, and the length of the cut surface is 1 ~2cm, cut with 2 knives, cannot be repaired;

Insert the cut scion from the incision of the bud stem, about 1.5 to 2 cm deep, align the cambium layer, and then tie and fix it;

4) inoculation of chestnut mycorrhizal fungus

Cut off the root tip of the grafted seedlings by 0.5-2cm, and then dip the roots in the chestnut rhizobacteria liquid for 3 seconds; the chestnut rhizobacteria liquid is the 1000-fold diluted chestnut root fungus liquid or chestnut rhizome agent prepared in advance;

5) container seedling cultivation

Transplant the grafted seedlings that have been inoculated with the chestnut root fungus solution in a container with a cultivation substrate, and the grafting depth exposes the grafting interface; the formulation of the cultivation substrate is: topsoil under the chestnut forest with a mass fraction of 45%, and burnt soil with a mass fraction of 30%. Or cultivated soil, sand with a mass fraction of 20%, calcium superphosphate with a mass fraction of 3%, potassium sulfate (K ₂ SO ₄ ) with a mass fraction of 1.5%, and ferrous sulfate (FeSO ₄ ) with a mass fraction of 0.5%.

After the grafted seedlings are transplanted into container seedlings, spray the boiled liquid of litter and fallen leaves under the chestnut forest twice, once on the day after transplantation, and once before transplanting into the field, and the spraying amount is controlled at 30ml-50ml per container;

6) greenhouse cultivation

When the container seedlings have been sprayed with the boiled liquid of the litter and leaves under the chestnut forest for the first time, they will be moved into a sealed greenhouse for cultivation within 6 hours. Keep the relative humidity in the shed between 70% and 80%, and the temperature does not exceed 35°C; set up a shade shed on the sealed greenhouse where the container seedlings are moved in, and keep the shade shed until the summer is over and remove it after the film is removed from the sealed arch shed ;

7) Seedling management

Keep the shed sealed for 20 days, remove the film after 30-40 days, remove the rootstock germination, and remove the germinated flower buds; after the film is removed, the seedlings are sprayed with 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 10-15 days.

When the container seedling grows to about 15cm high and 8-10mm thick, it can be directly planted in the field.

Example 2

A method for cultivating chestnut seedlings by bud-stock grafting in symbiosis with rhizomes, comprising the following steps:

1) Collection and sand storage of stock species

In Baoji, Shaanxi Province, at the beginning of October, the local excellent tree species, the Chestnut tree, were selected to collect seeds, and the seeds with good maturity and no pests and diseases were selected, and the seeds were soaked in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 2% to 3% for 30 minutes, and then the sand was taken out; Humidity is required to be held in a ball, loose or loose, and the temperature should be controlled within 15°C; turn it every 7 days.

2) Germination

Choose the leeward sunny, convenient drainage and irrigation, and build plastic greenhouses on sandy loam soil with a width of 6m, a height of 2m, and a length of 20-30m.

Put 2cm of fine sand in the greenhouse to make a sand bed, leave a 30cm wide walkway in between, put 2 to 3cm thick seeds on the sand, put 3cm thick sand on the seeds, pour enough saturated water, and then cover the sand The film is compacted with soil around it; the humidity of the sand bed is kept at 85% to 90%, and the temperature is controlled at 15 to 20°C for 15 to 20 days.

3) Broken radicle to stimulate root

In the middle and late March of the next year, when the seed radicle grows to about 2 to 3 cm, take it out and sieve it repeatedly with a sieve to knock off 1 cm of the radicle (buds) from each other. The ungerminated chestnut seeds continue to be stored in the sand, and then Germinate with root cutting.

Soak the seeds with broken radicles in 50-100ppm ABT3 rooting powder for 1-3 seconds, then move them into the greenhouse to continue germination, place the seeds one by one on the sand bed with the root tip downward, and then cover with 10cm thick Fine sandy soil; the temperature in the shed is controlled at 20-25°C, the relative humidity is kept at 80%, and it is kept for 20-25 days. When the germ grows to 3-4cm, it can be grafted.

4) Scion collection

In mid-to-late April, when the germ can grow to 3-4cm, collect the newly developed semi-lignified branches of the year after 4 pm, with a diameter of 4-5mm, and immediately transport them to the grafting site for grafting; grafting is required the next morning After completion, the time cannot exceed 12 hours.

In order to ensure that when the germ can grow to 3-4cm, the branches are just at the semi-lignified level, the temperature of the greenhouse can be controlled and the growth rate of the sprout can be moderately controlled. When the bud anvil grows too fast, the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse can be lowered to control it.

5) Grafting

When the buds grow to 3-5cm, take out the sprouts used as rootstocks from the greenhouse, cut off the upper end of the sprouts with a single-sided knife, and keep only 2.5-3cm in length for the sprouts, and then use a single-sided knife to cut off the sprouts from the center of the stem. Cut longitudinally, the length of the incision is about 1.5-2cm;

Before grafting, cut the branches into scions, leave 2 full buds, leave a 0.5cm branch on the first bud, and leave a 1.5-2cm branch under the second bud; cut the scion into a wedge shape with a sharp knife, The sliced noodles are 1 to 2 cm long, and are cut with 2 knives, and cannot be supplemented.

Insert the cut scion from the incision of the bud stem to a depth of about 1.5 to 2 cm, align the cambium, and try to make sure that the bottom is not empty and the top is not white; finally, fix it with aluminum foil or tie it with a plastic film.

4) inoculation of chestnut rhizome

Cut off 0.5-2 cm from the root tip (together with the lateral roots) of the grafted seedlings after grafting, and dip the roots in the prepared 1000-fold dilution of chestnut rhizome for 2 seconds.

5) container seedling cultivation

Transplant the grafted seedlings inoculated with the chestnut root fungus solution into a container with a culture medium. The container used is an ordinary soft black plastic bag with a size of 15cm×22m. The depth of transplantation should be the aluminum foil cover that exposes the interface;

Cultivation substrate is: the chestnut undergrowth topsoil of mass fraction 35.5%, the burning soil of mass fraction 30% or cultivated soil, the sand of mass fraction 25%, superphosphate of mass fraction 5%, the potassium sulfate (K ₂ SO ₄ ), ferrous sulfate (FeSO ₄ ) with a mass fraction of 1.5%.

After the grafted seedlings are transplanted into container seedlings, immediately spray the boiling liquid of litter and fallen leaves under the chestnut forest once, and then spray again before transplanting into the field, and the spraying amount is controlled at 30ml to 50ml per container;

6) greenhouse cultivation

Within 6 hours after spraying the boiled liquid of litter and fallen leaves under the chestnut forest for the first time, move the container seedlings into a sealed plastic shed, and put a shade shed on the shed; keep the relative humidity in the shed between 70% and 80%. , the temperature does not exceed 35°C for 20 days, during which the shed cannot be uncovered to let the wind out;

Remove the film after 30 to 40 days, but the awning cannot be removed. After the high temperature in summer passes and the temperature drops below 30°C, the awning can be removed.

7) Seedling management

After peeling off the film, rootstock germination and dead individual plants should be removed in time, and germinated flower buds should also be removed in time, and 0.2 to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed once every 10 to 15 days.

In case of long-term rain, the groundwater level rises, which will easily cause root rot. At this time, the light transmittance should be increased, and the two ends of the film can be uncovered to facilitate ventilation. At the same time, the ditch should be cleared and drained in time.

When the container seedling grows to about 15cm high and 8-10mm thick, it can be directly planted in the field. Generally transplant in spring, cut the plastic bag when planting, take out the seedlings and place them in the planting hole, and cut off the bent root system at the lower end. After the seedlings are planted, they should be about 20cm above the ground to ensure that the root necks of the seedlings are higher than the ground after the soil sinks after irrigation.

If a degradable container is used, the method of transplanting with a container can be used without breaking the container, which can keep the conditions for the symbiosis of the root system and the rhizome fungus from being destroyed, and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

The comparison between the chestnut seedlings grafted and cultivated by root fungus symbiotic with the root fungus cultivated in the above embodiments and the common seed grafted plantings is shown in Table 1, and the beneficial effects of the present invention are obvious.

Table 1 The comparison between the bud stock of rhizobacteria symbiosis and common grafted seedlings and seed grafted planting seedlings

Claims (10)

1. a method of cultivating seedlings of Chinese chestnut with the bud stock grafting of root fungus symbiosis is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

1) inoculation Chinese chestnut root fungus

The grafting that bud stock grafting is cultivated comprises that the tip of a root of main lateral root clips 0.5～2cm, dips in root 2～3s then in Chinese chestnut root fungus liquid;

2) cultivation of container seedling

The grafting that has inoculated Chinese chestnut root fungus liquid is transplanted in the container of cultivating matrix is housed, transplanted the degree of depth and make the grafting interface expose cultivation matrix;

Grafting is transplanted to behind the container seedling, and every strain container seedling was sprayed the water cooking liquid 30ml～50ml of Chinese chestnut sylvan life dry branches and fallen leaves the same day;

3) warm canopy is cultivated

Move in the warm canopy that seals within the 6h behind the container seedling sprinkling water cooking liquid and cultivate, keep the interior relative moisture of canopy between 70～80%, temperature is no more than 35 ℃;

4) seedling management

Between warm canopy culture period, in time remove stock rudiment and bud;

The temperature canopy is thrown off film and is leaked informaton after keeping sealing 30～40 days night; After this, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution that sprayed mass fraction 0.2～0.3% every 10～15 days once;

Before container seedling was transplanted the land for growing field crops, the water cooking liquid that carries out a Chinese chestnut sylvan life dry branches and fallen leaves again sprayed, and every strain container seedling is sprayed 30ml～50ml.

2. the bud stock grafting of as claimed in claim 1 and root fungus symbiosis is cultivated the method for seedlings of Chinese chestnut, it is characterized in that, the Chinese chestnut root fungus liquid of using during described inoculation Chinese chestnut root fungus is the Chinese chestnut root fungus liquid or the agent of Chinese chestnut root fungus of 1000 times of dilutions configuring in advance.

3. method of cultivating seedlings of Chinese chestnut as claimed in claim 2 with the bud stock grafting of root fungus symbiosis, it is characterized in that described Chinese chestnut root fungus liquid is the mix bacterium agent that contains red suede lid bolete (Xerocomus chrysenteron) and wool cortina bacterium (Cortinarius sublanatu).

4. method of cultivating seedlings of Chinese chestnut as claimed in claim 1 with the bud stock grafting of root fungus symbiosis, it is characterized in that, described cultivation matrix is: the Chinese chestnut sylvan life table soil of mass fraction 25%～45%, the baked wheaten cake soil or the mold of mass fraction 20%～40%, the sand of mass fraction 20%～30%, the superphosphate of mass fraction 3%～5%, the potassium sulphate of mass fraction 1～5%, the ferrous sulfate of mass fraction 0.5%～2%.

5. method of cultivating seedlings of Chinese chestnut with the bud stock grafting of root fungus symbiosis as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the water cooking liquid of described Chinese chestnut sylvan life dry branches and fallen leaves is: boil Chinese chestnut sylvan life dry branches and fallen leaves 30min with 100 ℃ of boiling water, leave standstill the filtered fluid after cooling.

6. the bud stock grafting of as claimed in claim 1 and root fungus symbiosis is cultivated the method for seedlings of Chinese chestnut, it is characterized in that, has describedly taken cool canopy on the warm canopy of the sealing that container seedling moves into, and keeps remove later cool canopy to summer.

7. method of cultivating seedlings of Chinese chestnut with the bud stock grafting of root fungus symbiosis as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that cultivating the used container of container seedling is the black plastic container, diameter 16～20cm, height 20cm; Perhaps adopt degradable container.

8. method of cultivating seedlings of Chinese chestnut with the bud stock grafting of root fungus symbiosis as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described bud stock grafting is cultivated grafting and be may further comprise the steps:

1) vernalization of anvil kind

Be 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 2h with selected Chinese chestnut seed mass concentration or be that 2%～3% liquor potassic permanganate is soaked seed and taken out behind the 30min with mass concentration, be tiled on the husky bed after clean with flushing with clean water, cover sand bed and water sufficient saturation water, on sand bed, cover ventilative film; Husky bed humidity remains on 60%, and temperature is controlled at 15～20 ℃, keeps 15～20 days;

When treating seed base-root length to 2～3cm, clip radicle tip of a root 1cm, the seed of the radicle tip of a root that broken is soaked 1～3s at the methyl of 50ppm or the ABT3 root-inducing powder of 50～100ppm, take out seed then, the tip of a root is placed in the warm canopy on the ready-made in advance husky bed by grain downwards, cover thin sand and soil, continue vernalization; Temperature of shed is controlled at 20～25 ℃, and relative moisture remains on 80%～85%, keeps 20～25 days;

2) gather scion

The Chinese chestnut branch of gathering the semi-lignified of newly growing then collects grafting as scion from scion, and the time can not be above 12 hours;

3) grafting

When treating that plumule grows to 3～5cm, the bud seedling is taken out from warm canopy, blocks the upper end of bud seedling, keep bud shoot root minister 2.5～3cm, then from the central longitudinal of bud stem to incision, long incision 1.5～2cm;

The Chinese chestnut branch for the treatment of grafting is cut into scion, and each fringe stays two buds, stays the limb of 0.5cm on first bud, stays the limb of 1.5～2cm under second bud; The branch lower end is whittled into wedge shape, the long 1～2cm of bevel, 2 cuttves are whittled into, and can not mend cutter;

The scion of cutting is inserted 1.5～2cm from bud stem incision, colligation behind the good cambium is fixed;

Healing obtains grafting after cultivating.

9. method of cultivating seedlings of Chinese chestnut with the bud stock grafting of root fungus symbiosis as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the described Chinese chestnut branch that is used for grafting is the semi-lignified branch that new then diameter of growing and bud anvil match;

The semi-lignified phase of bud anvil growth rate and scion coincide realizes by the temperature of regulating vernalization temperature canopy, humidity control bud anvil growth rate.

10. the bud stock grafting of as claimed in claim 8 and root fungus symbiosis is cultivated the method for seedlings of Chinese chestnut, it is characterized in that, the described scion that will cut is inserted when carrying out grafting from bud stem incision, behind good cambium, do not leave a blank down between scion and the otch, on do not show money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Fix or use the plastic film colligation then with aluminium foil.