CN111727753B

CN111727753B - Method for quickly growing seedlings and cultivating golden camellia

Info

Publication number: CN111727753B
Application number: CN202010732909.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗在柒; 姜运力; 李兰; 李荣京
Original assignee: GUIZHOU ACADEMY OF FORESTRY
Current assignee: GUIZHOU ACADEMY OF FORESTRY
Priority date: 2020-07-27
Filing date: 2020-07-27
Publication date: 2021-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-27
Also published as: CN111727753A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tea cultivation, and discloses a method for quickly growing seedlings and efficiently cultivating golden camellia, namely species selection of spike strips; processing the cuttings; preparing a rooting agent; preparing a nursery land; a cutting method; managing nursery lands and seedlings; and (5) high-efficiency cultivation. The method has high utilization rate of scion, and can be used as a breeding material for young branches and old branches of 2-3 years in the same year on the premise that axillary buds exist. The method has high rooting rate and developed root system, the rooting of the bred nursery stock is mainly the bark-hole rooting, and the rooting rate is close to 100 percent; each cutting shoot takes root more than 10, and the root system is developed; the rooting period is short, and the roots emerge in 2 weeks. The nursery management and protection method meets the requirements of the cutting rooting biological characteristics of camellia nitidissima species. In the invention, yellow loam for sand shale development is selected for afforestation, the forest stand tightness is 0.6-0.7, or a shade slope is selected for planting, farmyard manure is applied for daily management and maintenance, and the obtained leaf blade has rich accumulation of effective substances and excellent quality.

Description

Method for quickly growing seedlings and cultivating golden camellia

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tea cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for quickly growing seedlings and cultivating golden camellia.

Background

At present, Guizhou golden Camellia (Camellia nitidissima Chi), which is named as "Camellia queen", has high ornamental value, is folk prescription, has obvious curative effect on a plurality of symptoms such as three-high and the like, and is pursued by people for a long time. As extremely endangered species naturally distributed in narrow areas of Rodian county in Guizhou province, natural habitats almost disappear, and people are urgently required to strengthen the population through artificial assistance measures to save the continuation of the species.

The method for breeding the nursery stock of the strong species population mainly comprises seed sowing, twig cuttage, plant tissue culture and the like. Aiming at the existing small quantity of resources of the Guizhou golden camellia, the finding of a set of efficient and convenient method is particularly important. The seed sowing method has the advantages that the resource amount is small, people form a custom for picking flowers as health tea drinks, most of the flowers are picked, even if the preserved flowers develop into seeds, the seeds are not well developed and are easily affected by factors such as plant diseases and insect pests, the number of the finally obtained effectively germinated seeds is small, and the operation mode of artificially picking the flowers as the health tea drinks hinders the seed sowing and seedling raising way. At present, a channel for quickly breeding seedlings by plant tissue culture lacks of scientific support, although the channel is tried by scientific research institutions, the technical requirement is high, large-scale production is to be realized, a plurality of technologies need to be overcome, and the method cannot be realized in a short period. Compared with other two methods, the method for cutting the tender branches into seedlings is practical, the practical efficiency of the branches is high, the branches can be rapidly grown in a large scale in 3-5 years, and the method is the most effective way for solving seedling breeding of the camellia nitidissima in Guizhou province.

As the natural distribution range of the Guizhou golden camellia is narrow, the golden camellia species with the highest latitude are most naturally distributed, and the distributed places are special in climate conditions and landforms, the method provides a new challenge for cultivation in different places. In the case of cultivating in different places, it is difficult to make plants grow and develop healthily except for selecting a suitable growing area. However, recently, it has been found that the health-care efficacy of the allopatric cultivated products is not as good as that of the products distributed naturally. Therefore, in addition to the selection of climate type areas, many factors affecting quality such as soil conditions, illumination, water and fertilizer supply and the like need to be considered in the efficient cultivation in different places.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

(1) in the prior art, the rooting rate is low, the root system is not developed, the rooting technology is immature, and scarce material resources are seriously wasted.

(2) The existing cuttage propagation seedling has poor technical efficiency, not simple technical process, high cost and difficult popularization.

(3) A whole set of cultivation measures for obtaining high-quality products is lacked. Especially, the system research and practice are lacked for the selection of the cultivation environment, the cultivation management and protection measures and the like.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:

(1) exploring a high-efficiency rooting formulation formula and integrating a cuttage matching technology according to the biological characteristics of the Guizhou golden camellia.

(2) The management and protection method of matched cuttage combined with the biological habit of the Guizhou golden camellia is lacked.

(3) The selection of cultivation conditions is a key technology for cultivation, such as illumination factors, fertilizer efficiency management and the like, besides soil and climate conditions.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the rare plant branches are effectively and quickly bred into seedlings through cuttage. And afforesting by measures such as forest land selection, illumination control, fertilizer efficiency management and the like to obtain the high-quality Guizhou golden camellia leaves. The method can effectively increase the number of the Camellia Chysantha population in Guizhou and efficiently cultivate high-quality leaf and other raw materials.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly growing seedlings and cultivating golden camellia. The invention aims to use Guizhou golden camellia branches to perform cuttage and rooting, efficiently breed nursery stocks, expand species populations and obtain a rapid propagation and efficient cultivation method for Guizhou golden camellia seedlings which are luxuriant in growth and high in leaf active ingredient content through a series of measures of allopatric cultivation.

The invention is realized in such a way that the method for quickly growing the seedlings and cultivating the golden camellia comprises the following steps:

species selection of the scion: first of all, the pure positivity of the species is guaranteed. The model specimen of Guizhou golden Camellia is collected from the Luo Xiong of the Henren county of Guizhou province from the Cao remainder of Beijing plants in 1958, and is identified as Zhongyue Camellia (Camellia. Indochinensis), the Kuntan Green of Kunming plants in 1993, and the Guizhou golden Camellia is named as the Guizhou golden Camellia, but Zhang hongda et al further proves that the golden Camellia distributed in the Henry is the California golden Camellia (C.liber of the same kind H.T. Chang et C.H.Yan), and the golden Camellia distributed in the Rodian pavilion of the south of Guizhou province is Guizhou golden Camellia (Camellia guizhouensis S.Y.Liang et T.L.Ming). The Guizhou golden camellia is narrow in natural distribution region and small in population quantity, and due to factors such as artificial digging and habitat damage, the number of wild plants is very small at present, and wild populations are in the current situation of endangering extinction. Although the number of the residual plants of the camellia nitidissima is limited, the species purity is guaranteed, materials required by the test are required to be deep into the original producing area or plants with introduction records, and the purity of the species is guaranteed.

Processing the cuttings; due to the limitation of rare breeding materials, the high-efficiency utilization of the branches as scions is particularly necessary. Although the material is optimized according to the current-year lignin generation, the method can effectively germinate new roots and new buds of 2-3-year old strips as long as the old strips have axillary buds, and ideal plants can be obtained. The method has high utilization rate of breeding materials. The material collection time is preferably 4-6 months. In climatic regions with high latitude, high altitude and the like, the phenological period is relatively delayed, and the cuttage time is correspondingly delayed. The main purpose is that the temperature rises again, the growth speed of the trees is fast, and the low temperature can reach more than 25 ℃, so that the germination of roots and buds is effectively promoted. The scion is cut into 8-10cm long with 1-2 leaves and axillary buds, the bottom end of the cutting is 45-degree oblique, the top end is 90-degree flat, and the leaves are cut off by half. Binding into small bundles with rubber bands, sterilizing with potassium permanganate solution for 1h, and filtering to dry. Latex gloves are worn in the treatment process of the scion so as to prevent potassium permanganate from burning the skin and reduce the pollution of microorganisms. The used knife needs to be disinfected before use.

Preparing a rooting agent: many rooting agents are available on the market, but the types and the forms capable of achieving the ideal rooting effect are few. Although the rooting principle of tree cuttage is the same, the tree cuttage is influenced by factors such as different species breeding materials, different cuttage nursery conditions, cuttage time, personnel and the like, and a long-term test and practice are needed for obtaining the efficient rooting agent formulation of a certain species. The rooting agent which is self-researched and developed in the method contains 1N rooting promoting substances, namely naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, and is dissolved by alcohol or sodium hydroxide, so that the pH value of the preparation is increased. 5g of monopotassium phosphate, 2g of salicylic acid and 10g of ascorbic acid were added per liter of the solution. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate promotes the rooting and growth of plants, the salicylic acid can permeate effective rooting substances into cutting cuttings, and the ascorbic acid can prolong the freshness of the cuttings. The prepared rooting agent can effectively promote the root taking of the bark holes at the bottom end of the cutting slips of the Guizhou golden camellia and promote the rapid growth of roots and buds.

Preparing a nursery land; the cutting breeding nursery land comprises a cutting pool and a substrate. River sand, yellow core soil and humus soil are used as substrates; river sand is the best, and humus soil is the second.

Besides the rooting agent form, the matrix plays a key role in influencing the rooting effect of the scion. The substrate is mainly used for maintaining and adjusting the moisture condition of the substrate, and meeting the moisture requirement of rooting and sprouting growth of the scion. The selection of the substrate needs to consider both the moisture content and the air permeability; the water content is excessive, the permeability is reduced, the plant respiration is blocked, and the growth of the nursery stock and the germination of new roots are influenced; conversely, high permeability, reduced moisture, also affects seedling growth and new root germination.

The method adopts corresponding auxiliary facilities and management measures besides the selected rooting matrix. Namely, the outside shading is added to the nursery, the damage of sunshine insolation to the spike strips is avoided, and the over-high temperature, the water loss and the like are avoided. And (5) building a small arched shed above the cuttage pool, and covering a mulching film. The method aims to keep the moisture of the matrix, effectively increase the temperature of the matrix and promote the germination and growth of roots. Within 3-5 days after cuttage is finished, a shading net is covered on the small arched shed film, physiological activities such as photosynthesis, respiration and the like of cuttage scion wood can be effectively reduced in the early stage of cuttage, and root germination can be effectively promoted.

The cuttage method comprises the following steps: before cutting, the substrate is disinfected, usually by pouring potassium permanganate solution thoroughly, so as to achieve the disinfection effect and supplement the moisture of the substrate. Checking the loose degree of the matrix before cuttage, and if hardening occurs, planing and spreading by using a hoe; the rooting agent is soaked for 3min or dipped, the line spacing is about 5cm, and the cuttage depth is 3-5 cm; after cuttage is finished, a matrix is covered with a mulching film and shaded, the mulching film is guaranteed to be good in tightness, water loss is avoided, and meanwhile microbial pollution is reduced. And (3) disconnecting the canopy shading net in 3-5 days, opening the small canopy in 7 days, checking moisture, appropriately supplementing moisture according to conditions, simultaneously achieving the purpose of renewing the air in the canopy, and covering the small canopy mulching film again after finishing.

Seedling stage management: 3-5 days after cuttage, except that the small arched shed mulching film keeps moisture and increases the ground temperature, the early stage is covered with a shading net to reduce the physiological activity of the scion. The moisture of the substrate is mainly kept in 7-14 days, which is beneficial to the germination of the root system. And (4) for 14-40 days, mainly keeping moisture, replenishing water at proper time and updating the air in the shed. And the moisture is reduced in the later period, so that the growth and thickening of the root system are facilitated. Usually, the outside is shielded, and 0.2 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is properly supplemented every 2 weeks; after 11 months, the nursery stock can be transplanted into a container cup, wherein the weight ratio of yellow core soil: pouring enough water in the humus soil in a ratio of 1:1, and storing in a pergola; in the culture process, over-strong light is avoided, and 10g of compound slow release fertilizer is applied in spring and autumn.

Afforestation and tending. Afforesting in spring after the next year, wherein the pit size is 40cm multiplied by 30cm, applying base fertilizer 5Kg of farmyard manure, covering soil, and planting after rain. In the planting process, the nutrition bag is cut, the plants are straightened, the soil is compacted, and the supplementary fertilizer is nursed by 5-10Kg in time, so that the nutrition is supplemented, the water and the moisture are preserved, and the weeds are shielded. Weeds around the holes must be removed within 7-9 months. The direct solar light irradiates Guizhou golden camellia to cause damage, and a manual shading method is needed to be adopted in places with insufficient forest density or direct light intensity.

Further, the method for species selection of the scion comprises: the picked spike is a golden camellia species; ensuring the purity of the ear species; and (4) collecting the time of the scion wood, wherein the half lignification of the young shoots is optimal, and the cuttage time of the scion wood is collected for 4-6 months.

Further, the cutting processing method comprises the following steps: the length of the plant is 8-10cm, the plant is timely treated after the ear strips are collected, the ear strips are cut into oblique mouths along an angle of 45 degrees, the plant is 8-10cm long with 1-2 leaves, axillary buds are full, the leaves are cut by half, the plant is placed in potassium permanganate solution to be soaked for 1 hour, and the plant is filtered for standby.

Further, the preparation method of the rooting agent comprises the following steps: the concentration of the rooting agent is 1N of each of naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, a little of alcohol is dissolved, water is added for constant volume, or a proper amount of water is taken, a medicine is added, and a little of sodium hydroxide particles are added for dissolution; adding proper amount of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Sealing, keeping out of the sun and storing at low temperature for later use.

Further, a method of nursery preparation comprises: the river sand bed is preferably fresh river sand or used river sand which needs to be disinfected; constructing a small arch shed cage cover, wherein the size of the small arch shed cage cover is 2m in length and 0.8m in width; the water for the nursery garden is convenient, and is preferably mountain spring water or tap water; the nursery garden is under a shade shed or a simple shade is built.

Further, the cutting method comprises the following steps: bundling 20 cutting slips into small bundles by rubber bands, soaking the bottom end in rooting agent for 5min, the height is not more than 3cm, or directly dipping in rooting agent for direct cuttage; watering potassium permanganate aqueous solution thoroughly before cuttage for disinfection, digging the river sand into pine, wherein the cuttage row spacing is 5cm, and the cutting depth is 3 cm; after the cuttage is finished, an arched shed film is immediately covered, sealing is well done, and a layer of dense shading net is covered at the same time.

Further, the method for seedling management comprises: opening the tent 3-5 days after cuttage, checking the humidity of the sand bed, supplementing water if necessary, sealing again, covering the tent with a cover for shading, checking after 7 days, and removing the shading net while still needing film sealing; callus is generated in 2 weeks, and simultaneously, new roots and axillary buds are induced to sprout; usually, the outside is shielded, and 0.2 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is properly supplemented every 2 weeks; after 11 months, the nursery stock can be transplanted into a container cup, wherein the weight ratio of yellow core soil: pouring enough water in the humus soil in a ratio of 1:1, and storing in a pergola; in the culture process, over-strong light is avoided, and 10g of compound slow release fertilizer is applied in spring and autumn.

Further, the afforestation and tending method comprises the following steps: the afforestation land is yellow loam developed by sand shale, the afforestation land is selected from a shade slope or under a arbor forest, the tightness is controlled to be 0.6-0.7, and manual shading is needed when the light is too strong. The afforestation density is not more than 110 plants per mu, the pit holes are 40cm multiplied by 30cm, 5 kilograms of farmyard manure is applied to base fertilizer, backfilled soil is planted after spring rain is thoroughly watered, the nutrition bag is torn, and the soil is compacted; afforesting in Yispring, cutting off peripheral weeds in 7-9 months, applying 5-10kg of farmyard manure to each plant, and covering soil.

Further, the time temperature of cuttage is more than 25 ℃; selecting acid soil, strictly controlling the sealing degree, and applying farmyard manure

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

the method has high utilization rate of scion, and can be used as a breeding material for young branches and old branches of 2-3 years in the same year on the premise that axillary buds exist. The method has high rooting rate and developed root system. The rooting of the nursery stock bred by the method is mainly the rooting of the bark holes, and the rooting rate is close to 100 percent; each cutting shoot takes root more than 10, and the root system is developed; and the roots emerge within 2 weeks, and the rooting period is short. The afforestation needs to select yellow loam developed by sand shale, the sealing degree is between 0.6 and 0.7, or the yellow loam is selected for planting in a shade slope, farmyard manure is applied in daily management and maintenance, and the obtained leaf active substances are rich in accumulation and good in quality. The method can rapidly breed the nursery stock, the nursery stock has good growth vigor, the quality of the produced leaves is good, the technical process is simple and direct, the cost is low, and the method is easy to popularize.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for quickly growing seedlings and cultivating golden camellia according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of rooting of the cutting shoot, the cutting seedbed and 14 days according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: (a) the effect of the nursery stock is first before bagging; (b) the effect of the nursery stock before bagging is two; (c) a nursery stock effect chart for mountain-climbing afforestation; (d) and (5) afforestation condition effect diagram.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly growing seedlings and cultivating golden camellia, and the method is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention relates to the terms:

guizhou golden camellia: the native camellia family camellia chrysantha species which is naturally distributed only in the great well town pavilion community and the surrounding area of the luodian county of the Guizhou province is the same genus plant with the highest distribution latitude, the narrowest distribution area, less quantity in existence, higher endangered degree grade and is always in the love of the world 'tea family queen'. Recently, the mallotus leaves have been found to have the effects of reducing high blood pressure, high blood sugar and high blood lipid, improving the immunity and having special curative effects on stubborn diseases such as lung, bronchus and the like. 2. The rapid seedling raising is usually carried out by developing seeds and other organs of plants according to the characteristics of trees and breeding a large number of seedlings with the same characters as the parent trees in a short period. Efficient cultivation means that biomass and quality of fruits, branches and leaves and the like surrounding the cultivated trees are taken as cultivation targets, intensive management is carried out on a large scale, and the aim of pursuing maximized economic benefits is achieved.

As shown in fig. 1, the method for quickly growing seedlings and cultivating camellia nitidissima provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, selecting species of the scion. The collected fringe strips are determined as Guizhou golden camellia species in a natural distribution place of a Luodian town hall community in Luodian county of Guizhou province. The Guizhou golden camellia spike strips in other areas need to be careful so as to ensure the purity of the spike strip species. The time for picking the scion wood is optimized by the half lignification of the young sprout, and the cutting time for picking the scion wood is generally 4-6 months.

And S102, requirements of the cutting. The length of the ear strips is 8-10cm usually, the ear strips are timely treated after being collected, the ear strips are cut into oblique mouths along an angle of 45 degrees, the length of the ear strips is 8-10cm, the ear strips are provided with 1-2 leaves, axillary buds are full, the leaves are cut by half, the ear strips are placed in potassium permanganate solution to be soaked for 1 hour, and the ear strips are filtered for standby.

S103, requiring a rooting agent. The rooting agent is a self-made rooting agent, the specific concentration is 1N of each of naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, a little of alcohol is dissolved, water is added for constant volume, or a proper amount of water is taken, a medicine is added, and a little of sodium hydroxide particles are added for dissolution; adding proper amount of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. And (5) sealing, keeping away from light and storing at low temperature for later use, wherein the general validity period is 2 weeks.

S104, preparing a nursery. The river sand bed is preferably fresh river sand or used river sand which needs to be disinfected. And (4) constructing a small arch shed cage cover, wherein the size is preferably 2m long and 0.8m wide. The water for nursery is convenient, and is preferably spring water or tap water. The nursery garden is under a shade shed or a simple shade is built.

And S105, a cuttage method. Binding 20 cutting slips with rubber band, soaking in rooting agent for 5min to a height of 3cm or directly cutting with the rooting agent. And (3) before cuttage, completely watering potassium permanganate aqueous solution for disinfection, digging the river sand into pine, wherein the cuttage row spacing is about 5cm, and the cutting depth is about 3 cm. After the cuttage is finished, an arched shed film is immediately covered, sealing is well done, and a layer of dense shading net is covered at the same time.

S106, seedling management: and (3) opening the awning within 3-5 days after the cuttage is finished, checking the humidity of the sand bed, spraying water if necessary, sealing and covering the awning again, checking after 3-5 days, and still needing to seal the film but removing the awning net. Generally, callus will be present around 2 weeks, and new roots and axillary buds will be induced. Usually, the patient is kept in shade and is properly supplemented with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 2 weeks. After 11 months, the seedlings can be transplanted into container cups (yellow core soil: humus soil: 1), and the containers are watered with enough water and still stored in a pergola. In the culture process, over-strong light is avoided, and 10g of compound slow release fertilizer is applied in spring and autumn.

And S107, afforesting and tending. The afforestation land is yellow loam developed by sand shale, the afforestation land is selected from a shade slope or under a arbor forest, the sealing degree is controlled to be 0.6-0.7, and manual shading is needed when light is too strong. The afforestation density is not more than 110 plants per mu, the pit hole is 40cm by 40cm, 5 kilograms of farmyard manure is applied on the base fertilizer, the soil is backfilled, the plants are planted after the spring rain is thoroughly watered, the nutrient bag is torn, and the soil is compacted. Afforesting in Yispring, cutting off peripheral weeds in 7-9 months, applying 5-10kg of farmyard manure to each plant, and covering soil.

And S108, rooting agent efficiency is high, after cuttage, mulching films are needed in time for heat preservation and moisture preservation, early-stage cultivation in a dark place is needed, and humidity is kept at ordinary times. The ground temperature is higher than 25 ℃ during cuttage. Selecting acid soil, strictly controlling the sealing degree, and applying farmyard manure.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.

Examples

The seedling culture and cultivation practices of 2016 plus 2018 in biotechnological research institute of forestry science research institute of Guizhou province (Nanming district of Guiyang city) and Guizhou Yifengyuan forestry science and technology Limited company (eight villages of Guangchun of Lodian county) have good effects. The method comprises the following steps:

1. sources of materials

Guizhou golden Camellia (Camellia nitidissima Chi) branches are picked from Dazhong pavilion community dam group in Maojing town of Luodian county. The half lignification of the young sprout is optimized, and the cutting time of the collected scion wood is 4-6 months.

2. Preparation of nursery

The river sand bed is preferably fresh river sand or used river sand which needs to be disinfected. And (4) constructing a small arch shed cage cover, wherein the size is preferably 2m long and 0.8m wide. The water for nursery is convenient, and is preferably spring water or tap water. The nursery garden is under a shade shed or a simple shade is built.

3. Ear treatment

Timely processing the collected spike strips, cutting the spike strips into oblique mouths along an angle of 45 degrees, wherein the length of the oblique mouths is about 10cm, the oblique mouths are provided with 1-2 leaves, axillary buds are full, the leaves are cut by half, soaking the leaves in potassium permanganate solution for 1h, and filtering the leaves for later use.

4. Rooting agent

The rooting agent is prepared by self-making 1N each of naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, dissolving with a little alcohol, adding water to a constant volume, or taking a proper amount of water, adding a medicine, and adding a little sodium hydroxide particles to dissolve. And adding proper amount of ascorbic acid.

5. Cuttage method

Binding 20 cutting slips with rubber band, soaking in rooting agent for 5min to a height of 3cm or directly cutting with the rooting agent. And (3) before cuttage, completely watering potassium permanganate aqueous solution for disinfection, digging the river sand into pine, wherein the cuttage row spacing is about 5cm, and the cutting depth is about 3 cm. After the cuttage is finished, an arched shed film is immediately covered, sealing is well done, and a layer of dense shading net is covered at the same time.

The rooting effect is that the skin holes are generated for rooting, the average root head is more than 10, and the effect is better.

6. Management of seedling stage

And (3) opening the awning within 3-5 days after the cuttage is finished, checking the humidity of the sand bed, spraying water if necessary, sealing and covering the awning again, checking after 3-5 days, and still needing to seal the film but removing the awning net.

Generally, callus will be present around 2 weeks, and new roots and axillary buds will be induced. Usually, the patient is kept in shade and is properly supplemented with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 2 weeks.

After 11 months, the seedlings can be transplanted into container cups (yellow core soil: humus soil: 1), and the containers are watered with enough water and still stored in a pergola. In the culture process, over-strong light is avoided, and 10g of compound slow release fertilizer is applied in spring and autumn.

7. Afforestation and tending

Selecting a shade slope or under a arbor forest in an afforestation land, applying a compound fertilizer on a base fertilizer and backfilling soil, stopping after the spring rain is thoroughly irrigated, paying attention to tear a nutrition bag, and compacting the soil, wherein pits are 40cm by 40 cm. Afforesting in Yispring season, cutting off peripheral weeds in 7-9 months, applying 200g of compound fertilizer to each plant, and covering soil.

8. Matters of attention

The rooting agent has high efficiency, the film is covered in time after cuttage for heat preservation and moisture preservation, the cultivation is carried out in the dark in the early stage, and the humidity is kept at ordinary times. The ground temperature is higher than 25 ℃ during cuttage.

9. Quality detection

Tests show that the energy is 1368kJ/100g, the protein is 6.7g/100g, the fat is 3.2g/100g, and the carbohydrate is 67g/100 g; detecting 16 amino acids such as phenylalanine, alanine and methionine; 1.0% of tea polyphenol; the element content is 101mg/kg, zinc 6.2101mg/kg, calcium 11487101mg/kg, magnesium 10027101mg/kg, selenium 0.296101mg/kg, iron 59.2101mg/kg and potassium 2621101 mg/kg; the sulfur dioxide, lead, arsenic, cadmium and the like meet the standard; no 11 pesticide residues such as sixty-six, dichlorovos and the like are detected. The detected indexes have rich effective components, qualified heavy metal indexes, no pesticide residues and high product quality.

In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for quickly culturing and cultivating golden camellia is characterized by comprising the following steps:

species selection of the scion: the needed ear strips are plants in the origin or with introduction records, and the pure positive of the species is ensured;

processing the cuttings; cutting the collected scion into 8-10cm with 1-2 leaves and axillary buds; binding into small bundles with rubber bands, sterilizing with potassium permanganate solution, and draining;

preparing a rooting agent: the prepared rooting agent contains 1N rooting promoting substances, namely naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, and is dissolved by sodium hydroxide to improve the pH value of the preparation; 5g of monopotassium phosphate, 2g of salicylic acid and 10g of ascorbic acid are added into each liter of solution;

preparing a nursery land; the method comprises the steps of selecting a cuttage pool and a substrate; river sand, yellow core soil and humus soil are used as substrates;

seedling stage management: after cuttage, the small arched shed mulching film keeps moisture, increases the ground temperature, and covers a shading net in the early stage to reduce the physiological activity of the spike;

afforestation and tending: afforesting in spring after the next year, applying base fertilizer and farmyard manure, covering soil, and planting after raining;

the species selection method of the scion comprises the following steps: the picked spike is a golden camellia species; ensuring the purity of the ear species; the time of the scion wood is taken, the young shoots are semi-lignified, and the cuttage time of the scion wood is collected for 4-6 months;

the cutting processing method comprises the following steps: timely processing the collected scion, cutting the bottom end of the scion at an oblique angle of 45 degrees, the top end of the scion at a flat angle of 90 degrees, the length of the scion is 8-10cm, the scion is provided with 1-2 leaves, the axillary bud is full, cutting half of the leaves, soaking the leaves in a potassium permanganate solution for 1h, and draining for later use;

the preparation method of the rooting agent comprises the following steps: the concentration of the rooting agent is 1N of each of naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, a proper amount of water is taken, a medicine is added, and a small amount of sodium hydroxide particles are added for dissolution; adding proper amount of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid, sealing, keeping out of the sun and storing at low temperature for later use;

the nursery preparation specifically comprises: the selection of the substrate needs to meet the requirements of both moisture content and air permeability;

corresponding auxiliary facilities and management measures are adopted outside the selected rooting matrix; namely, the outside shading is added to the nursery, the damage of the spike strips caused by sunshine insolation is avoided, and the phenomenon that the temperature is too high and the moisture disappears is avoided;

the cuttage method comprises the following steps: before cutting, the substrate is disinfected, usually potassium permanganate solution is thoroughly poured, so that the disinfection effect is achieved, and the moisture of the substrate is replenished; checking the loose degree of the matrix before cuttage, if hardening occurs, loosening and spreading by using a hoe; the rooting agent is dipped by a point method, the line spacing is 5cm, and the cuttage depth is 3-5 cm; after cuttage is finished, covering a mulching film with a matrix and shading, ensuring good tightness of the mulching film, avoiding water loss and reducing microbial pollution; uncovering the shading net of the arched shed in 3-5 days, uncovering the small arched shed in 7 days, checking moisture, supplementing moisture properly according to conditions, achieving the purpose of renewing the air in the shed, and covering the mulching film of the small arched shed again after finishing the moisture;

the cuttage method comprises the following steps: bundling 20 cutting slips into small bundles by using a rubber band, and directly dipping a rooting agent for direct cutting; before cuttage, watering potassium permanganate aqueous solution thoroughly for disinfection, planing the matrix to be loose, wherein the spacing between cuttage lines is 5cm, and the depth of cutting is 3 cm; after the cuttage is finished, immediately covering a small arched shed film, sealing, and simultaneously covering a layer of dense shading net;

the seedling management specifically comprises: 3-5 days after cuttage, covering a shading net at the early stage to reduce the physiological activity of the scion wood except for keeping moisture and increasing the ground temperature by using a small arched shed mulching film; keeping the matrix moisture and the humidity in the greenhouse to be more than 90% in 7-14 days; keeping moisture for 14-40 days, and replenishing water and updating the air in the shed at proper time; the moisture is reduced in the later period, which is beneficial to the growth and thickening of the root system;

properly supplementing 0.2 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 2 weeks; transplanting the seedlings to a container cup after 11 months, wherein the weight ratio of yellow core soil: pouring enough water in humus soil =1:1, and still storing in a shed; in the culture process, over-strong light is avoided, and 10g of compound slow release fertilizer is applied in spring and autumn;

the afforestation and tending method comprises the following steps: selecting yellow loam for sand shale development in an afforestation site, selecting a shade slope or under a arbor forest in the afforestation site, controlling the sealing degree to be 0.6-0.7, and manually shading when the light is too strong; the afforestation density is not more than 110 plants per mu, the pit holes are 40cm multiplied by 30cm, 5 kilograms of farmyard manure is applied to base fertilizer, backfilled soil is planted after spring rain is thoroughly watered, the nutrition bag is torn, and the soil is compacted; afforesting in Yispring season, cutting off peripheral weeds in 7-9 months, applying 5-10kg of farmyard manure to each plant, and covering soil;

the time temperature for cutting exceeds 25 ℃; acid soil is selected for cultivation, the tightness is strictly controlled, and farmyard manure is applied.