CN109220465A - A kind of cultivation and pruning method of Chinese pricklyash - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation and pruning method of Chinese pricklyash Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation of Chinese pricklyash and pruning methods, belong to crop planting technical field.The method comprising the steps of: 1) field selection and processing, 2) seed collection and processing, 3) nursery, 4) seedling management, 5) seedling stage overwinter management, 6) transplanting and interplanting, 7) cultivation management and trimming, 8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Using the method for the present invention by Chinese pricklyash and coptis interplanting cultivation, common interplanting cultivation is compared, the coptis and Chinese pricklyash growing way are vigorous, and Chinese prickly ash single plant yield improves 2.7%, and the coptis output increased 8.5% or so of each nursery pit area obtains good economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivations and pruning method of crop planting technical field more particularly to a kind of Chinese pricklyash.
Background technique
Chinese prickly ash is Rutaceae Zanthoxylum machaka or dungarunga, is important flavouring, fragrance and woody oil tree species.
Chinese prickly ash has the characteristics that fast-growing, early real, adaptable, easy cultivation, manages well, as long as slightly management can obtain good economy
Benefit, is the economic tree that the mountain area masses shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, and its well developed root system, and solid-holding capacity is strong, and the loss that conserves water and soil
Ecological tree species.Therefore, Chinese prickly ash is the ideal reproducting tree species for integrating economic benefit and ecological benefits, has wide plantation
Prospect.
Although Chinese pricklyash adaptable strong, the characteristics of managing well, the low problem of planting percent is tight in Chinese prickly ash cultivating seedlings
Recasting about the development of Chinese prickly ash industry.In addition, Chinese pricklyash growing environment, it is tree-like to Chinese prickly ash yield, quality and picking difficulty have
Vital influence, and Chinese pricklyash seedling adaptability and resistance are poor, should strictly be managed and protected, to guarantee seedling
Growing way and overwintering rear timely restoration ecosystem.It is transplanted however, people generally use commercially available nursery stock, and commercially available nursery stock usually exists
It is cultivated in warm canopy, the adaptability of nursery stock may be improved by hardening, but due to nursery and milpa difference, so that nursery stock
The laundering period is long after transplanting, First Year slow growth and growing way is weaker, or even causes seedling death phenomenon.Meanwhile at present mostly using big
Area implantation methods plant 45-55 plants, and Chinese prickly ash branch is close, translucency is poor by between 3 × 4m of spacing in the rows per acre, general to use
Single implantation methods cause the waste of land resource.In addition, the use of excessive inorganic fertilizer, Chinese prickly ash growing area pest and disease damage is year by year
Increase, yield declines to a great extent, and has seriously affected the economic benefit and enthusiasm for production of green pepper agriculture.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: the cultivation and pruning method of a kind of Chinese pricklyash be provided, select waste bottom of slope build nursery hole and
Chinese prickly ash plantation is solved nursery and cultivated because of environment, soil property not with transplanting using nursery with ground, homogeneity, homologous technological means
The laundering period is long after transplanting with caused by, and initial stage growing way is weak, the low problem of survival rate.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of cultivation and pruning method of Chinese pricklyash, include the following steps:
1) field selection and processing
1. field selects and site preparation: select that hidding and sunny side, sunshine are sufficient, soil layer is deep, the gradient is 10-15 ° of waste hillside,
After being built into the terraced fields of the wide 2m of multilayer, dug in same layer terraced fields several nursery hole, cheat depth 1-1.2m, cheat long 60-70cm,
Wide 50-60cm, same longitudinal direction are uniformly distributed 2 nursery holes, then regard every 4 nursery hole as 1 unit, and in each list
The interposition of member installs dish for cultivating, and disk diameter is 1-1.2m；
2. nursery hole is handled: one layer of cobblestone first, which is spread, at nursery hole bottom makees waterproof layer, the waterproof thickness 2-3cm, then
One layer of cobblestone upper berth wheat straw section or wheat husk make insulating layer, and the heat preservation thickness 8-7cm is inserted then by field soil filling hole
With a thickness of 60-80cm, that is, it is made nursery hole；
3. dish for cultivating is handled: the soil of 20-30cm depth is dug out in dish for cultivating, after horsehit, Chinese medicine slag and sandy soil are mixed
Filling wherein, then in upper layer covering field soil, that is, is made dish for cultivating；
2) seed collection and processing
1. select pure kind, best in quality, robust growth, it is best in quality, no disease and pests harm at fruiting period tree be collect seed it is female
Tree；
2. seed treatment: Chinese prickly ash kind shell is hard, oily more, waterproof, germinates relatively difficult, first has to be taken off before sowing
Rouge processing and storage, processing method has following several: buck degreasing method, cow dung preservative, Stratificated treatment method, overlay film thermal-insulating method
With Steeping and budding method；
3) nursery
At the beginning of mid-March to 4 months, the Chinese prickly ash seed point handled well is sowed in the nursery hole, depth of planting 3-5cm,
Kind plant hole spacing 12-15cm, after planting sprinkles profoundly water；
4) seedling management:
When height of seedling reaches 5cm, to each nursery hole in apply 1-1.2kg well-rotted farmyard manure, and after fertilising in time in
Weeding, when rainy season arrives, nursery will perform prevention waterlogging drainage works；
5) seedling stage overwinter management
Before soil is freeze-up, the wheat husk of 2cm thickness first is inserted into nursery hole, then cover 3cm Tian Tuhou, is with each nursery hole
Unit builds Small plastic shed, and closes arched shed with black film, and when winter daytime temperature is more than 6 DEG C, it is 2-3 hours ventilative to open arched shed；
6) it transplants and interplants
1. Chinese pricklyash transplanting and the improvement of nursery hole: according to a conventional method by Chinese pricklyash transplantation of seedlings into dish for cultivating, and to nursery
Modified field soil is inserted in hole, filling is to subject to away from ground 4-5cm, wherein the modified field soil be wet field soil, vinegar grain, straw powder,
Humus is mixed by weight for 100:5-10:40-60:10-15；
2. interplanting the coptis: after Chinese pricklyash transplanting and the improvement of nursery hole, performing nursery hole pumping equipment, then covered using mulch
Lid nursery hole, and in due course will be in coptis seedling replanting to nursery hole.
7) cultivation management and trimming
Water and fertilizer management is carried out according to Chinese pricklyash Routine Management technology, then carries out tree-like trimming, specific trimming requires as follows:
1. preliminary shearing: the next spring after transplanting selectes 3 major branches, remaining young sprout whole pinching, 3 major branch interval 15-
20cm is uniformly distributed, and mutual horizontal sextant angle is about in 120 °, and for major branch opening angle preferably at 40 °, it is 35-40cm that major branch, which is cut and stays length,；
2. the winter cuts: before second year enters the winter after transplanting, carrying out cutting back to branch is extended, cutting and staying length is 45-50cm, selects and remain a master
The first side shoot on branch, for the first side shoot away from trunk 30-40cm, side shoot is preferably selected in oblique flat side or tiltedly upside, the water of side shoot and major branch
Flat angle is 50 °；
3. sizing: spring in third year after transplanting cuts the second layer side shoot of each major branch and stays length 50-60cm, the second side shoot
Must be on the opposite of the first side shoot, at a distance of the branch of 25-30cm, preferably oblique upside or tiltedly flat side, the second side shoot angle is 45-
50°；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Main pest and disease damage has Chinese prickly ash scale insect, Chinese prickly ash red spider, Chinese prickly ash cecidomyiia, Pricklyash Ruct, Chinese prickly ash felt fungus, Chinese prickly ash
Bleeding disease is prevented and treated using conventional control method when morbidity.
Compared with prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1) nursery of Chinese pricklyash of the present invention is identical as milpa, soil property and environment, and waste bottom of slope orchard establishment is utilized, and not only solves
Laundering period length, the problem that initial stage growing way is weak, survival rate is low after current Chinese pricklyash of having determined is transplanted, and Chinese pricklyash is to maintain water and soil stream
The ecological tree species of mistake, not only take full advantage of and leave uncultivated land resource, more improve ecological environment；
2) present invention is interplanted Chinese prickly ash and the coptis using the high infraversion malposition landform of " -1 dish for cultivating is cheated in 4 nursery ",
It solves the problems, such as that Chinese pricklyash translucency is insufficient and causes hayashishita crop growing state poor, guarantees that Chinese prickly ash and hayashishita crop are high-quality, gets bumper crops；Together
Shi Yumiao is cheated after Chinese prickly ash nursery stock transplanting, can save liquid manure for Chinese pricklyash, moreover it is possible to close, be formed using mulch when low temperature in winter
Structure not only guarantees coptis safe overwintering, and can prevent frostbite Chinese pricklyash root system；
3) present invention improves the soil layer in nursery hole, moisture, temperature needed for guaranteeing Chinese pricklyash seedling normal growth
It is required that while increasing lower soil oxygen content, enhancing root respiration intensity, quickening growth of seedling；
4) present invention carries out nutrition optimization to dish for cultivating soil, while meeting nutrient needed for Chinese pricklyash grows, reduces nothing
The amount of application of machine chemical fertilizer reduces Chinese pricklyash disease incidence；
5) Chinese pricklyash and coptis interplanting cultivation are compared by common interplanting cultivation, the coptis and Chinese pricklyash using the method for the present invention
Growing way is vigorous, and Chinese prickly ash single plant yield improves 2.7%, and the coptis output increased 8.5% or so of each nursery pit area obtains good
Economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described further combined with specific embodiments below, in order to those skilled in the art
The purpose of the present invention, technical solution and effect is more clearly understood.It should be understood that embodiment described below is only used for solving
The present invention is released, and is not suitable for the limitation present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivation and pruning method of Chinese pricklyash, include the following steps:
1) field selection and processing
1. field selection and site preparation: autumn in 2016 selects hidding and sunny side, sunshine abundance, soil layer deep in Longnan City Wen County
10 mu of the waste hillside that the thick, gradient is 10-15 °, is divided into two parts, is denoted as test garden and control garden respectively, and test garden is built
After terraced fields at the wide 2m of multilayer, several nursery hole is dug in same layer terraced fields, depth 1-1.2m is cheated, cheats long 60-70cm, width 50-
60cm, same longitudinal direction are uniformly distributed 2 nursery holes, then regard every 4 nursery hole as 1 unit, and in each unit
Meta position installs dish for cultivating, and disk diameter is 1-1.2m；
2. nursery hole is handled: one layer of cobblestone first, which is spread, at nursery hole bottom makees waterproof layer, the waterproof thickness 2-3cm, then
One layer of cobblestone upper berth wheat straw section or wheat husk make insulating layer, and the heat preservation thickness 8-7cm is inserted then by field soil filling hole
With a thickness of 60-80cm, that is, it is made nursery hole；
3. dish for cultivating is handled: the soil of 20-30cm depth is dug out in dish for cultivating, after horsehit, Chinese medicine slag and sandy soil are mixed
Filling wherein, then in upper layer covering field soil, that is, is made dish for cultivating；
2) seed collection and processing
1. select pure kind, best in quality, robust growth, it is best in quality, no disease and pests harm at fruiting period tree be collect seed it is female
Tree；
2. seed treatment: Chinese prickly ash kind shell is hard, oily more, waterproof, germinates relatively difficult, first has to be taken off before sowing
Rouge processing and storage, processing method has following several: buck degreasing method, cow dung preservative, Stratificated treatment method, overlay film thermal-insulating method
With Steeping and budding method；
3) nursery
At the beginning of mid-March to 4 months, the Chinese prickly ash seed point handled well is sowed in the nursery hole, depth of planting 3-5cm,
Kind plant hole spacing 12-15cm, after planting sprinkles profoundly water；
4) seedling management:
When height of seedling reaches 5cm, to each nursery hole in apply 1-1.2kg well-rotted farmyard manure, and after fertilising in time in
Weeding, when rainy season arrives, nursery will perform prevention waterlogging drainage works；
5) seedling stage overwinter management
Before soil is freeze-up, the wheat husk of 2cm thickness first is inserted into nursery hole, then cover 3cm Tian Tuhou, is with each nursery hole
Unit builds Small plastic shed, and closes arched shed with black film, and when winter daytime temperature is more than 6 DEG C, it is 2-3 hours ventilative to open arched shed；
6) it transplants and interplants
1. Chinese pricklyash transplanting and the improvement of nursery hole: according to a conventional method by Chinese pricklyash transplantation of seedlings into dish for cultivating, and to nursery
Modified field soil is inserted in hole, filling is to subject to away from ground 4-5cm, wherein the modified field soil be wet field soil, vinegar grain, straw powder,
Humus is mixed by weight for 100:5-10:40-60:10-15；
2. interplanting the coptis: after Chinese pricklyash transplanting and the improvement of nursery hole, performing nursery hole pumping equipment, then covered using mulch
Lid nursery hole, and in due course will be in coptis seedling replanting to nursery hole.
7) cultivation management and trimming
Water and fertilizer management is carried out according to Chinese pricklyash Routine Management technology, then carries out tree-like trimming, specific trimming requires as follows:
1. preliminary shearing: the next spring after transplanting selectes 3 major branches, remaining young sprout whole pinching, 3 major branch interval 15-
20cm is uniformly distributed, and mutual horizontal sextant angle is about in 120 °, and for major branch opening angle preferably at 40 °, it is 35-40cm that major branch, which is cut and stays length,；
2. the winter cuts: before second year enters the winter after transplanting, carrying out cutting back to branch is extended, cutting and staying length is 45-50cm, selects and remain a master
The first side shoot on branch, for the first side shoot away from trunk 30-40cm, side shoot is preferably selected in oblique flat side or tiltedly upside, the water of side shoot and major branch
Flat angle is 50 °；
3. sizing: spring in third year after transplanting cuts the second layer side shoot of each major branch and stays length 50-60cm, the second side shoot
Must be on the opposite of the first side shoot, at a distance of the branch of 25-30cm, preferably oblique upside or tiltedly flat side, the second side shoot angle is 45-
50°；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Main pest and disease damage has Chinese prickly ash scale insect, Chinese prickly ash red spider, Chinese prickly ash cecidomyiia, Pricklyash Ruct, Chinese prickly ash felt fungus, Chinese prickly ash
Bleeding disease is prevented and treated using conventional control method when morbidity, specific as follows:
Chinese prickly ash scale insect be Homoptera Coccoidea cause harm Chinese prickly ash a red-spotted lizard class be referred to as, have giant mealy bug, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, poplar white tiles shield
A red-spotted lizard, theatre armored scale etc..They the characteristics of be all by its distinctive sucking mouthpart, sucking plant bud, leaf, spray juice.
Spike top, yellow leaf are caused, tree vigo(u)r is weak, dead when serious.
Control method: since a red-spotted lizard class adult body surface covering wax or shell, medicament are difficult to penetrate into, control efficiency is bad.Cause
This, a red-spotted lizard class prevention emphasis is in nymph.
1. physical control: winter, spring grass bundle or brush obliterate male pupa in female adult and cocoon overwintering on trunk or branch；
2. chemical prevention: optional systemic insecticide, such as 1000 times of flolimat；Especially 800- is slaughtered with 40% speed
1000 times of effects are good；
3. biological control: scale insect nature has many natural enemies, such as some parasitic wasps, ladybug, Chrysopa.
Chinese prickly ash red spider (tetranychus viennensis, tetranychus vinenensis zacher) chemical control: 1 year generation 6-9 generation, be fertilized it is female at
Worm is overwintering.Start to endanger in Chinese prickly ash germination.First brood of larvae starts to occur in the inflorescence elongation phase, and full-bloom stage harm is most contained.It hands over
Oviposition is in blade back master pulse two sides after matching.Chinese prickly ash red spider can also single-female generation, thereafter on behalf of male worm.Etesian weight with should
The temperature and humidity in area has very big relationship, and high temperature and drought is conducive to occur.
Control method:
1. chemical prevention: must grasp the key link period, in the 4-5 month, harmful mite Sheng incubates phase, 25% propargite 500 of high-incidence season
Times liquid, 73% propargite, 3000 times of liquid prevention and treatments；Or with 1000 times of systemic insecticide flolimat；40% speed slaughters 800-
1000 times；
2. biological control: harmful mite has many natural enemies, such as some predation mite class, ladybug, and field is few as far as possible to be killed with broad spectrum activity
Worm agent, with Protect natural enemies.
Chinese prickly ash cecidomyiia also known as chillies dried cecidomyiia.Aggrieved spray can be made to cause hyperblastosis because stimulated, form column insect gall,
Aggrieved branch growth is set to be obstructed, the later period is dried-up, and often causes tree vigo(u)r aging and dead.
Control method:
1. cutting off insect pest branch, and callus corrosion prevention film protection wound should be smeared in time in trimming mouth, anti-pathogen invades, in time
It collects sick branch burn-up or buried cooperation smears shield tree general in tree body and germ is hindered to land on tree body procreation, to reduce germ
The rate survived；
2. chemical control: spraying targeted agent in time after Chinese prickly ash harvesting and new high fat film is added to enhance drug effect, prevention and treatment gas passes
The intrusion of venereal bacteria, and dip in medicament point in tumor with cotton and put on the skin, full garden sprinkling shield tree general carries out disinfection.
Chinese prickly ash root rot: Chinese prickly ash root rot often occurs in nursery and adult green pepper garden.It is by fusarium solanae microbial one
Kind soil-borne disease.Aggrieved plant root discoloration is rotted, and has different smell, and root skin and xylem are detached from, and xylem is in black.Overground part
Leaflet shape is small and color is yellow, and branch development is not complete, and complete stool is dead when serious.
Control method: it is soaked root 24 hours when transplanting seedlings with 50% thiophanate methyl, 500 times of liquid.With lime disinfection soil.And
With 500-800 times of liquid irrigating root of 500-800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or 15% triadimefon；Or with 15% powder peaceful 300-800 times of liquid a bit
Pouring root bearing tree can effectively prevent falling ill, and summer pouring root can slow down the severity of morbidity, and winter pouring root can be reduced pathogen
Overwintering structure；Excavate root of dying of illness in time, it is dead to set, and burn, it is former to eliminate disease dye.
Pricklyash Ruct: Pricklyash Ruct is one of important disease of Chinese prickly ash leaf portion.When serious, Chinese prickly ash untimely defoliation is directly affected
The fruiting of next year.There is the water stain shape chlorisis spot of 2-3mm in leaf front, and goes out in the leaf back opposite with scab in early stage
The blister object of existing Huang orange, is uredium.This disease is caused by Chinese prickly ash sheath rest fungus.Uredospore and teleuto stage occur in Chinese prickly ash
On tree.The generation of Pricklyash Ruct is mainly related with weather.All rainfalls are more, especially more in third season rainfall, rainfall day
Under conditions of number is more, harm is easy to occur.
Control method:
1. medicament prevents: when not falling ill, can spraying Bordeaux mixture or 0.1-0.2% Baume lime sulphur solution, or 6
The first arrival late July moon carries out spraying protection with 200-400 times of liquid carboxin to Chinese pricklyash；
2. chemical control: to the 1000 times of liquid of triadimefon wettable powder for spraying 15% fallen ill, controlling uredium
Generation, the sprayable 1:2:200 times of Bordeaux mixture of morbidity peak period or 0.1-0.2 Baume lime sulfur or 15% wettable triadimefon
1000-1500 times of liquid of pulvis.
Chinese prickly ash felt fungus is a kind of common disease of Chinese prickly ash, and cause of disease is Basidiomycotina every load ear.Basidiocarps is like plaster
Shape is tightly posted on Chinese pricklyash limb.Less serious case makes limb undergrowth, and fruiting is few；Severe one causes limb withered.
Control method: scab is smeared with Baume 4-5 degree lime sulfur.
Chinese prickly ash bleeding disease: Chinese prickly ash bleeding disease is caused by fungi, is had very strong infectiousness, can be caused butt rapidly
Phloem necorsis rots, gummosis liquid, leads to yellowing leaf and the withered disease of branch.
Control method: spray in due course carries out prevention, timely applying organic manure should spray in time medicament at the initial stage of a disease and kill
Bacterium.Shield tree general is smeared in time in gummosis mouth and prevents and treats Chinese prickly ash bleeding disease, unimpeded can be dredged pipe, be improved plant against resistance.
When carrying out the experimental cultivation of above embodiments, check experiment plantation is also carried out, has been comprised the concrete steps that: garden will be compareed
After leveling, rake are thin, then control garden is divided into 2 parts by position transverse direction bedding therebetween, the wide 1-1.2m of furrow, be denoted as 1 He of control garden
Control garden 2.
By the Chinese prickly ash nursery stock transplanting cultivated in test garden in the furrow face in control garden 1, the coptis is interplanted at furrow spacing,
Remaining step and to manage and protect means identical.
By the Chinese prickly ash nursery stock transplanting of commercially available same breed in the furrow face in control garden 2, the coptis is interplanted at furrow spacing,
Remaining step and to manage and protect means identical.
After transplanting at the 25th day, Chinese prickly ash seedling percent is counted, the results show that Chinese prickly ash seedling percent compares in test garden
According to being higher by 3% in garden 1, and Chinese prickly ash seedling growth is more preferable in test garden；After transplanting at the 120th day, then observe Chinese prickly ash in two gardens
Sapling growing way situation, the results show that Chinese prickly ash sapling high about 1.5cm or so of Chinese prickly ash sapling in control garden on year-on-year basis in test garden；
Meanwhile in test garden Chinese prickly ash seedling percent than being higher by 10%, and Chinese prickly ash seedling growth in test garden in control garden 1
More preferably；After transplanting at the 120th day, then Chinese prickly ash sapling growing way situation in two gardens is observed, the results show that Chinese prickly ash sapling in test garden
High about 4cm or so of Chinese prickly ash sapling in year-on-year control garden.
Third year counts Chinese prickly ash and coptis yield after transplanting, the results show that Chinese prickly ash single plant yield is than control in test garden
Garden 1 high 2.7%, than compareing garden 2 high 3.1%；It is high by 8.5% that nursery pit area Neihuang County connects yield increased garden 1 and control garden 2,
Coptis yield is essentially identical in control garden 1 and 2.
Claims (3)
1. the cultivation and pruning method of a kind of Chinese pricklyash, comprising steps of 1) field selection and processing, 2) seed collection and processing,
3) nursery, 4) seedling management, 5) seedling stage overwinter management, 6) transplanting and interplanting, 7) cultivation management and trimming, 8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
It is characterized by:
Step 1) field selection and processing the specific process is as follows:
1. field selects and site preparation: selecting that hidding and sunny side, sunshine are sufficient, soil layer is deep, the gradient is 10-15 ° of waste hillside, by it
After being built into the terraced fields of the wide 2m of multilayer, several nursery hole is dug in same layer terraced fields, depth 1-1.2m is cheated, cheats long 60-70cm, width 50-
60cm, same longitudinal direction are uniformly distributed 2 nursery holes, then regard every 4 nursery hole as 1 unit, and in each unit
Meta position installs dish for cultivating, and disk diameter is 1-1.2m；
2. nursery hole is handled: one layer of cobblestone first, which is spread, at nursery hole bottom makees waterproof layer, the waterproof thickness 2-3cm, then in goose ovum
One layer of stone upper berth wheat straw section or wheat husk make insulating layer, and the heat preservation thickness 8-7cm inserts thickness then by field soil filling hole
For 60-80cm, that is, it is made nursery hole；
3. dish for cultivating is handled: digging out the soil of 20-30cm depth in dish for cultivating, inserted after horsehit, Chinese medicine slag and sandy soil are mixed
Wherein, dish for cultivating is then made in upper layer covering field soil；
The step 6) transplanting and interplanting the specific process is as follows:
1. Chinese pricklyash transplanting and the improvement of nursery hole: according to a conventional method by Chinese pricklyash transplantation of seedlings into dish for cultivating, and into nursery hole
Modified field soil is inserted, filling is to subject to away from ground 4-5cm, wherein the modified field soil is wet field soil, vinegar grain, straw powder, humic
Matter is mixed by weight for 100:5-10:40-60:10-15；
2. interplanting the coptis: after Chinese pricklyash transplanting and the improvement of nursery hole, performing nursery hole pumping equipment, then educated using covering with ground sheeting
Seedling hole, and in due course will be in coptis seedling replanting to nursery hole.
2. a kind of cultivation and pruning method of Chinese pricklyash as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 5) seedling stage gets over
Winter management concrete technology is: before soil is freeze-up, first the wheat husk of 2cm thickness is inserted into nursery hole, then cover 3cm Tian Tuhou, with every
A nursery hole is that unit builds Small plastic shed, and it is saturating to open arched shed when winter daytime temperature is more than 6 DEG C with black film closing arched shed
Gas 2-3 hours.
3. a kind of cultivation and pruning method of Chinese pricklyash as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 7) the cultivation pipe
Manage is with the concrete technology of trimming: carrying out water and fertilizer management according to Chinese pricklyash Routine Management technology, then carries out tree-like trimming, specifically
Trimming requires as follows:
1. preliminary shearing: the next spring after transplanting, selected 3 major branches, remaining young sprout whole pinching, 3 major branch interval 15-20cm,
It is uniformly distributed, mutual horizontal sextant angle is about in 120 °, and for major branch opening angle preferably at 40 °, it is 35-40cm that major branch, which is cut and stays length,；
2. the winter cuts: before second year enters the winter after transplanting, carrying out cutting back to branch is extended, cutting and staying length is 45-50cm, is selected and remain on a major branch
The first side shoot, for the first side shoot away from trunk 30-40cm, side shoot is preferably selected in oblique flat side or tiltedly upside, and side shoot and the horizontal of major branch are pressed from both sides
Angle is 50 °；
3. sizing: in spring in third year after transplanting, being cut to the second layer side shoot of each major branch and stay length 50-60cm, the second side shoot is necessary
On the opposite of the first side shoot, at a distance of the branch of 25-30cm, preferably oblique upside or tiltedly flat side, the second side shoot angle is 45-50 °.
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