CN104542166A - Planting method of golden cypress - Google Patents
Planting method of golden cypress Download PDFInfo
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- CN104542166A CN104542166A CN201510042719.6A CN201510042719A CN104542166A CN 104542166 A CN104542166 A CN 104542166A CN 201510042719 A CN201510042719 A CN 201510042719A CN 104542166 A CN104542166 A CN 104542166A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of golden cypress. The method includes: terrace type planting is used, a slope with the vertical height difference of at least 15cm and exposed to the sun is selected, the slope is prepared into a terrace with the field surface width of each layer being 3-5m, the height difference of adjacent field surfaces is 6-8m, holes 0.3-0.8m in depth are dug in each field surface of the terrace according to the plant distance of 1.5-2m, golden cypress seedlings are planted in the holes, and the golden cypress seedlings are managed in a way that environment-friendly and healthy fertilizing is used and diseases and pests are controlled. By the planting method, the planted golden cypress is tall, thick in trunk and high in medicinal content.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant planting field, be specifically related to the implantation methods of a kind of golden cypress.
Background technology
Golden cypress is the dry bark of rutaceae wampee (Phellodendron chinense Schneid.) or cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.).After stripping bark, removing tertia, dries through concocting as medicinal.
The pharmacological action of golden cypress mainly contain following some: one, antibacterial action: golden cypress is to staphylococcus aureus, diphtheria bacillus, streptococcus pneumonia, shigella dysenteriae, hemolytic streptococcus, clostridium tetani, Streptococcus viridans all has good inhibitory action, especially to streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has obvious fungistatic effect, best to the fungistatic effect of staphylococcus aureus, the antibacterial mechanisms mainly breathing of anti-bacteria and the synthesis of RNA of golden cypress, therefore golden cypress is used for the treatment of infectious diseases as diarrhoea, jaundice, arthritis has certain curative effect, especially when tcm treatment according to syndrome differentiation, there is good curative effect.Two, antiinflammatory action: golden cypress can resist the inflammatory reaction caused by many factors, effectively can resist the mouse ear profile swelling caused by croton oil, effectively can suppress the inflammatory effects that the mouse peritoneal capillary permeability caused by acetic acid strengthens.Three, immunity moderation function: golden cypress has the effect of Immunosuppression reaction, and its active substance is phellodendrine and magnoflorine.Four, antiulcer effect: golden cypress effectively can promote Angiogenesis, have antiulcer effect, zoopery shows that golden cypress effectively can promote angiogenesis in the process of antibacterial and detoxicating, and diminish inflammation oedema, improve microcirculation, promote that wound healing and granulation tissue generate.
Golden cypress is as traditional Chinese medicine as can be seen here, and be widely used in the batching for the treatment of various disease, therefore, market is also increasing to the demand of golden cypress, has had a large amount of medicinal material bases or common peasant household also plantation golden cypress.The seeds of golden cypress are wampee, wampee is deciduous tree, high 10-15m, bark sepia, sarcocyte is yellow, odd number winglike compound leaf, to life, leaflet 7-15, ground paper matter, the circular ovum shape of square, the long gradually point of tip, several wide wedge shapes or circle, asymmetric, nearly full edge, above only in the close villosity of arteries and veins, flower unisexuality, dioecism, line up the raw panicle in top, rhachis is close by undercoat, sepal 5, petal 5-8, male flower has stamen 5-6, pistillode bores shape, female flower has staminodium 5-6, ovary is upper, fruit axle and fruit branch large, often by undercoat, Berry-like drupe is spherical, black, the florescence 5-6 month, the fructescence 10-11 month.The plantation great majority of golden cypress adopt the method consistent with the implantation methods of usual trees, but, the species grow habit and other seeds that are directed to Chinese corktree are variant, therefore, the Chinese corktree plant height of tree of the implantation methods plantation of other seeds is lower, trunk diameter is less, and experiment proves, the medicinal ingredient content of the bark of the wilder Chinese corktree of golden cypress bark medicinal material intercepted is lower.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide that a kind of trees are highly high, trunk diameter is thick and the implantation methods of the golden cypress that medicinal ingredient content is high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides following technical scheme: the implantation methods of golden cypress, comprise selection of land, whole, plant, field management, fertilizing management, irrigation management and pest control procedures,
A, selection of land: select vertical drop to be at least the hillside fields on the sunny side of more than 15m;
B, whole: hillside fields is on the sunny side arranged the terraced fields for every layer of field face width degree 3-5m, and the difference in height between face, adjacent layer field is 6-8m, the face, every layer of field of terraced fields is that 1.5-2m digs cave by spacing in the rows, and cave is 0.3-0.8m deeply;
C, to plant: the selection height of tree is 0.4-1m, and tree root diameter is the golden cypress sapling of 0.2-0.4m, in each cave, place a golden cypress sapling, and compacting after ridging, to water;
D, field management: in Chinese corktree interplant draft medicinal material plant or herbage, observe survival rate after 2-3 month after planting, and fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding, loosen the soil, prune;
E, fertilizing management: apply fertilizer twice every year, between Chinese corktree First Year-3 years, every Chinese corktree executes dung polluted water liquid manure 10-20kg; After 3rd year, every Chinese corktree executes dung polluted water liquid manure 20-25kg, composite fertilizer 1-1.5kg;
F, irrigation management: Chinese corktree First Year-3 years, at least irrigate twice every year, at least irrigates once every year after the 3rd year;
G, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the plant of every layer of peripheral plantation induction insect of terraced fields.
Adopt the implantation methods of the golden cypress of technical solution of the present invention, steps A, bearing tree due to golden cypress trees is the positive trees of happiness, therefore, select hillside fields on the sunny side, not only close to the planting environment of wild Chinese corktree, and there is not the problem that sunlight blocks in hillside fields, therefore meet the happiness sun feature of Chinese corktree, the growth for Chinese corktree is favourable.
Step B, hillside fields on the sunny side arranges as stair-stepping terraced fields, terraced fields are the staged farmlands of building along contour in slope segmentation, the effective measures of administering sloping upland water and soil loss, retaining, soil conservation, production-increasing function are very remarkable, the ventilation and penetrating light condition of terraced fields is better, be conducive to the accumulation of plant growth and nutriment, but, can plant multirow trees in the face, every layer of field of existing terraced fields simultaneously, and field face width degree is the face, field of 3-5m, only allows a line Chinese corktree to plant, make sunlight can fully irradiate golden cypress trees, be beneficial to medicinal ingredient synthesis; In addition, the height of tree due to golden cypress trees is generally between 10-15m, the height of tree crown is between 2-3m, therefore, arrange the difference in height between face, adjacent field for 6-8m, and spacing in the rows is be convenient to tree crown between 1.5-2m fully and sun exposure, all can be beneficial to sunlight fully irradiates in tree crown part, be beneficial to Chlorophyll synthesis, thus be beneficial to trees growth; The tree root diameter of golden cypress sapling is greatly about about 0.5m, and therefore, the degree of depth of digging cave is between 0.3-0.8m, makes the coring portion of tree root to be all contained in cave, is beneficial to and plants, make coring have enough spaces, ensure respiration and the nutrient component absorbing soil.
Step C, the height of tree is 0.4-1m, and tree root diameter is that the golden cypress sapling between 0.2-0.4m is beneficial to sapling and survives.
In step D, Chinese corktree interplant draft medicinal material plant or herbage, herbaceous plant most the season of growth at the end, its integral part is dead, comprise annual and biennial herbaceous plant, Chinese corktree interplant draft medicinal material plant, can utilize between spacing in the rows and plant, make full use of soil and increase medicinal material income; Planting forage grass, can renovate in soil on the one hand, be beneficial to soil enrichment when herbage maturation, and the herbage that can be used as cultivated animals on the other hand uses.
In step e, Chinese corktree First Year was the nursery stock phase to the 3rd year, and nutrient component demand is large, more for the growth demand of trees, therefore, adopt dung polluted water liquid manure to provide sufficient nutritional need from the angle of ecology on the one hand, the environmental health being beneficial to golden cypress trees is grown up; Chinese corktree enters the bearing tree stage on the 3rd year, nutrition is needed to provide trees to grow up on the one hand, need on the other hand a large amount of nutrient component synthesis medicinal material nutrient components, adopt dung polluted water liquid manure and composite fertilizer to provide enough nutrition for demand from two aspects, composite fertilizer provides nutrient rapider.
Step F, because Chinese corktree happiness is moist, fearness is flooded, and water deficient is poor growth then.Excess moisture root growth is bad, and blade is withered, and avoids high temperature and drought most, therefore, First Year-irrigates and at least irrigates once afterwards at least twice, the 3rd year for 3 years every year, adds natural rainfall amount, meet the demand of golden cypress to rainwater, the characteristic solving Chinese corktree happiness moist avoids again its waterlogging.
Step G, adopt the plant of plantation induction insect, i.e. inductivity plant, often kind of insect has the plant oneself liking adhering to, therefore, adopt inductivity plant to attract insect from the angle of natural physics, and avoid insect to be attached on Chinese corktree, thus natural solution prevents the object of insect, environmental protection is healthy again.
Proved by experiment, the height of tree, the trunk diameter of the Chinese corktree adopting the present invention to plant all are better than the Chinese corktree that other method for planting are planted, and the pharmaceutical component of the golden cypress medicinal material adopting bark to concoct is all close to the pharmaceutical component of the bark of wild Chinese corktree.
Further, the hillside fields on the sunny side in described steps A selects vertical drop to be 18m.Three layers of Chinese corktree can be planted in the hillside fields that 18m is high.
Further, described terraced fields every layer field face width degree is 5m; Difference in height between face, described adjacent layer field is 7m; Described spacing in the rows is 1.5m; Described cave is 0.5m deeply.Width is that 5m is beneficial to Chinese corktree most and accepts sunlight, and be beneficial to breathing, difference in height is 7m, and spacing in the rows is 1.5m, is convenient to the tree crown of Chinese corktree at about 2m, enough spaces are had between adjacent Chinese corktree, and between upper strata and lower floor's Chinese corktree, having enough spaces to accept sunlight, cave is 0.5m deeply, makes the root of Chinese corktree have enough space coring parts, the contact area being convenient to coring part and soil is large, is easy to absorb the active ingredient in soil.
Further, the major branch direct motion of pruning Chinese corktree in described step D is in 30-40 ° of angle, and homonymy major branch spacing 0.5m, crown height is 2.5-3m, and tree crown is wide is 1.5m.Prune by above-mentioned parameter, tree crown part between trees is beneficial to most breathe and accept sunlight, with avoiding excessive fertilization for the growth in tree crown portion, and under making the condition ensureing that tree crown part is grown up, make abundant nutrition for the height of the trees that grow up and diameter, thus to obtain more Chinese corktree skin zone.
Further, in described step G, the plant of induction insect is evodia rutaecarpa or oranges and tangerines.The primary pest of Chinese corktree is Chinese prickly ash swallowtail butterfly, also known as papilio xuthus Linnaeus, another name, yellow swallowtail butterfly, tangerine swallowtail butterfly, yellow pineapple swallowtail butterfly, yellow poly-swallowtail butterfly, belong to Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, host has citrus, trifoliate orange, yellow tiller Chinese prickly ash, evodia rutaecarpa, Buddha's hand, long-pending shell, Chinese pepper, citrus, a variety of millet, yellow pineapple etc.Therefore all can play at the periphery of Chinese corktree plantation citrus, trifoliate orange, yellow tiller Chinese prickly ash, evodia rutaecarpa, Buddha's hand, long-pending shell, Chinese pepper, citrus, a variety of millet, yellow pineapple the effect preventing and treating foot of the hill swallowtail butterfly.Evodia rutaecarpa (Tetradium ruticarpum, original name Euodia ruticarpa), another name Wu cornel, tea are peppery, paint spicy, smelly spicy tree, Zuo Lichun deep and remote son, rice spicy etc.Usually several kinds such as great Hua evodia rutaecarpa, middle colored evodia rutaecarpa and little Hua evodia rutaecarpa are divided.In being born in level land to height above sea level 1500 meters of mountain region sparse woods or shrub, be more common in hillside fields on the sunny side.Various places have little or plant in a large number.Namely tender fruit is traditional Chinese medicine evodia rutaecarpa after brewed airing, is called for short Wu's cornel, is bitter stomachic and anodyne, makes lumbricide again.Its bitter hot in nature is pungent, has the merit of eliminating cold to stop pain, stopping nausea and vomiting by lowering the adverse flow of QI, is used for the treatment of the liver stomach cold of insufficiency type, the disease such as headache or gastral cavity pain caused by cloudy turbid superinverse.As can be seen here, the medical value of evodia rutaecarpa is comparatively large, also likes hillside fields on the sunny side, therefore, Chinese corktree periphery plantation evodia rutaecarpa, avoids again waste, make it make the best use of everything while preventing insect.Oranges and tangerines, oranges and tangerines (
citrus reticulatablanco) platymiscium under genus Rutaceae, property happiness warm and moist weather, cold resistance comparatively shaddock, bitter orange, sweet orange is slightly strong, and planting of oranges and tangerines is very general, therefore, at Chinese corktree periphery plantation oranges and tangerines, prevent insect on the one hand, on the other hand, the technology of plantation is comparatively general, without the need to too many experience, plantation is simple, and survival rate is high.
Further, the draft medicinal material plant in described step D is the coptis.The coptis, (formal name used at school:
coptis chinensisfranch.) call: taste connects, river connects, Rhizoma Coptidis, and belong to Ranunculaceae, Coptis herbaceos perennial, phyllopodium is hesitated, hard papery, ovum shape triangle, and three totally cleave, central sliver ovum shape rhombus, pinniform drastic crack, and there is sharp sawtooth at edge, the raw sliver in side does not wait 2 drastic cracks; The long 5-12cm of petiole, wild or cultivate in the cool wet concealment thick forest in the mountain valley of height above sea level 1000-1900m, have heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, effect of purging intense heat and detonicating, its taste entrance is extremely bitter, has common saying cloud " a dumb person taking a dose of bitter medicine, has hardship could not explain ", has namely said wherein flavour.Because coptis happiness is cloudy, therefore, plant between the strain of Chinese corktree, Chinese corktree between adjacent layer, the tree crown part of the Chinese corktree of lower floor is positioned at the usage tree root of upper strata Chinese corktree, therefore, the usage tree root of Chinese corktree is then shady and cool portion throughout the year, just similar to the growth characteristics of the coptis, thus cost-saving.
Further, the herbage in described step D is clover.Trifolium (
trifolium), have another name called Clover, clover comprises a lot of different types of plant, comprises the clover of shades of colour, clover and other each Plants, and be a kind of herbaceos perennial being extensively distributed in Europe, leaf alternate, in Long Circle; There is root system long especially, different weathers and soil condition can be adapted to, absorb the mineral matter in soil and other nutrition, also can survive in dry season; Can also as herbage, green manure crop or ornamental plants, plantation trefoil can enrich the land.Plant and be both beneficial to the fertile of soil between Chinese corktree strain, and can be used as the use of animal herbage, avoid waste.
Embodiment
Sapling used in the implantation methods of following golden cypress of the present invention is Calusena lansium sapling, and area is Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, is below each plantation parameter in implantation methods of the present invention, as table 1:
Table 1
Illustrate with above-described embodiment two, the implantation methods of golden cypress of the present invention be described, the implantation methods of golden cypress, comprise selection of land, whole, plant, field management, fertilizing management, irrigation management and pest control procedures, it is characterized in that:
A, selection of land: selection vertical drop is the hillside fields on the sunny side of 18m;
B, whole: to turn up the soil with excavator in January, plow, hack flattening, on the sunny side hillside fields is arranged the terraced fields for every layer of field face width degree 5m, and whole be face, three layers of field, and the difference in height between face, adjacent layer field is 7m, a whole Gansu Province, outer in face, every layer of field is risen, avoid moisture to flow from top to bottom, loss moisture, the face, every layer of field of terraced fields is that 1.5m digs cave by spacing in the rows, cave is 0.5m deeply, and cave width is 0.5m;
C, to plant: the selection height of tree is 0.5m, and tree root diameter is the golden cypress sapling of 0.3m, golden cypress sapling selects the sapling that root system is many, tree crown is close, trunk is straight, places a golden cypress sapling in each cave, and compacting after ridging, waters;
D, field management: the Chinese corktree interplant draft medicinal material plant coptis after golden cypress sapling is planted, planting of the coptis adopts branch to sow seeds, cover with soil after sowing seeds, and enclose film, the five-element coptis is planted between Chinese corktree strain, the strain spacing of the coptis is 0.3m, golden cypress sapling observes survival rate after 2-3 month after planting, and the sapling die is cut out and replaces with new talent and fill the gaps with seedlings, then weeding, loosen the soil, prune, during pruning, make the major branch direct motion of Chinese corktree in 35 ° of angles, homonymy major branch spacing 0.5m, crown height is 2.7m, and tree crown is wide is 1.5m;
E, fertilizing management: apply fertilizer twice every year, between Chinese corktree First Year-3 years, every Chinese corktree executes dung polluted water liquid manure 15kg; After 3rd year, every Chinese corktree executes dung polluted water liquid manure 23kg, composite fertilizer 1.2kg;
F, irrigation management: Chinese corktree First Year-3 years, irrigate twice every year, and after the 3rd year, annual irrigation once;
G, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the plant evodia rutaecarpa of every layer of peripheral plantation induction insect of terraced fields, the peripheral 1.5m of strain spacing of evodia rutaecarpa, plants the periphery in Chinese corktree terraced fields.
Embodiment one:
With the difference of above-described embodiment two except the plantation parameter in table 1, also have following distinctive points, in field management, the cover Plants of golden cypress sapling is clover herbage, induces the plant of insect to be mandarin tree in the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment three:
With the difference of above-described embodiment two except the plantation parameter in table 1, also has following distinctive points, in field management, the cover Plants of golden cypress sapling is perennial ryegrass herbage, the plant of insect is induced to be Chinese pricklyash in the extermination of disease and insect pest, the field surface layer number of terraced fields is five layers, and the Chinese corktree number of plies of planting is five layers.
Embodiment four:
With the difference of above-described embodiment two except the plantation parameter in table 1, also has following distinctive points, in field management, the cover Plants of golden cypress sapling is Alfalfa herbage, the plant of insect is induced to be Chinese pricklyash in the extermination of disease and insect pest, the field surface layer number of terraced fields is seven layers, and the Chinese corktree number of plies of planting is seven layers.
The Chinese corktree of planting below by way of the present invention, wild Chinese corktree and the common Chinese corktree height of tree of planting to method again and trunk diameter contrast, wild Chinese corktree employing trunk diameter is that the seeds of about 15cm contrast, trunk diameter measure all on ground 5cm place measure, in addition, the comparative experiments contrast table of the Chinese corktree bark that the Chinese corktree bark of being planted by the present invention, wild Chinese corktree bark, common method for planting are planted, (during obtained golden cypress medicinal material, Chinese medicine preparation method is all consistent) is as shown in table 2:
In experiment, the pharmaceutical component of golden cypress detects and all adopts the detection method of golden cypress in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 editions to detect.
Table 2
As seen from the above table, by the Chinese corktree that the present invention plants, in the height of tree and trunk diameter, be not only all better than the Chinese corktree that common method for planting is planted, and on the content of pharmaceutical component, being far superior to the medicinal material golden cypress that Chinese corktree bark that common method for planting plants makes, the golden cypress medicinal material made with wild Chinese corktree bark is close.
For a person skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from structure of the present invention, can also make some distortion and improvement, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these all can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.
Claims (7)
1. the implantation methods of golden cypress, comprise selection of land, whole, plant, field management, fertilizing management, irrigation management and pest control procedures, it is characterized in that:
A, selection of land: select vertical drop to be at least the hillside fields on the sunny side of more than 15m;
B, whole: hillside fields is on the sunny side arranged the terraced fields for every layer of field face width degree 3-5m, and the difference in height between face, adjacent layer field is 6-8m, the face, every layer of field of terraced fields is that 1.5-2m digs cave by spacing in the rows, and cave is 0.3-0.8m deeply;
C, to plant: the selection height of tree is 0.4-1m, and tree root diameter is the golden cypress sapling of 0.2-0.4m, in each cave, place a golden cypress sapling, and compacting after ridging, to water;
D, field management: in Chinese corktree interplant draft medicinal material plant or herbage, observe survival rate after 2-3 month after planting, and fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding, loosen the soil, prune;
E, fertilizing management: apply fertilizer twice every year, between Chinese corktree First Year-3 years, every Chinese corktree executes dung polluted water liquid manure 10-20kg; After 3rd year, every Chinese corktree executes dung polluted water liquid manure 20-25kg, composite fertilizer 1-1.5kg;
F, irrigation management: Chinese corktree First Year-3 years, at least irrigate twice every year, at least irrigates once every year after the 3rd year;
G, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the plant of every layer of peripheral plantation induction insect of terraced fields.
2. the implantation methods of golden cypress as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the hillside fields on the sunny side in described steps A selects vertical drop to be 18m.
3. the implantation methods of golden cypress as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described terraced fields every layer field face width degree is 5m; Difference in height between face, described adjacent layer field is 7m; Described spacing in the rows is 1.5m; Described cave is 0.5m deeply.
4. the implantation methods of golden cypress as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the major branch direct motion of pruning Chinese corktree in described step D is in 30-40 ° of angle, and homonymy major branch spacing 0.5m, crown height is 2.5-3m, and tree crown is wide is 1.5m.
5. as the implantation methods of golden cypress as described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: in described step G, the plant of induction insect is evodia rutaecarpa or oranges and tangerines.
6. the implantation methods of golden cypress as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the draft medicinal material plant in described step D is the coptis.
7. the implantation methods of golden cypress as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the herbage in described step D is clover.
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