CN103918449A - Three-dimensional cultivation method for cortex phellodendri and rhizoma paridis interplanting - Google Patents
Three-dimensional cultivation method for cortex phellodendri and rhizoma paridis interplanting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional cultivation method for cortex phellodendri and rhizoma paridis interplanting. The three-dimensional cultivation method comprises the steps of cortex phellodendri planting, rhizoma paridis planting, field management, fertilization management, irrigation management and pest control. Interplanting is carried out in winter and spring, and a low-mountain yellow earth thick-layer three-dimensional land type is selected; cave-shaped soil preparation is adopted for cortex phellodendri, the height of each transplanted seedling is larger than or equal to 50 cm, and the ground diameter is larger than or equal to 1 cm; after ten to fourteen months of cortex phellodendri transplantation, rhizoma paridis transplantation is carried out, bedding is carried out between cortex phellodendri rows, tubers, with buds, of rhizoma paridis are transplanted to beds; a survey of the survival rate of the cortex phellodendri is carried out on the cortex phellodendri after two months of cortex phellodendri planting, a survey of the survival rate of the rhizoma paridis is carried out on the rhizoma paridis after six months of rhizoma paridis planting, and seedling supplement, weeding, soil loosening and pest control are carried out in time; when the overshadowing rate of the cortex phellodendri is lager than 65%, pruning or crossing or intermediate cutting is carried out to adjust the overshadowing rate; two times of top dressing are carried out in a growing season and in winter respectively, watering is carried out in time after planting is accomplished, watering is carried out in time in a dry season, and drainage needs to be smooth in a rainy season. According to the three-dimensional cultivation method for cortex phellodendri and rhizoma paridis interplanting, combined and targeted optimized cultivation of the cortex phellodendri and the rhizoma paridis is achieved, the yield of the cortex phellodendri and the yield of the rhizoma paridis are increased, quality of the cortex phellodendri and quality of the rhizoma paridis are improved, the economic benefit is remarkable, and the popularization and application value is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, further belong to Chinese herbal medicine interplanting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting.
Background technology
Chinese herbal medicine interplanting is a kind of highly efficient and productive Comprehensive Management Modes, by changing single cropping pattern, the Chinese herbal medicine with different growth characteristics is produced and organically combined, for making full use of the Yield and quality of fostering resource, improving medicinal material, all have very important significance.In the last few years, the research of Chinese herbal medicine Cultivation Patterns of Interplanting has had significant progress, on producing, the plantation of some kinds has also been had than more rich cultivation experience, but to the research of interplanting technology still in the exploratory stage, culture technique is not mature enough, does not reach the efficient utilization of resource.
Golden cypress is deciduous tree, and the height of tree can reach 10 ~ 12 meters, seedling stage slightly resistance to the moon, bearing tree happiness sunlight, under nature, jag is low, branch is many, leaf amount is large, can provide large amount of organic winter.Paris polyphylla is herbaceos perennial, suitable to 13 ~ 18 ℃ of average annual temperature, in the sandy loam that the soil organic matter, humus content are abundant or loam, grow, and not resistance to direct sunlight, happiness is cloudy covers moistening environment.Golden cypress and Paris polyphylla interplanting cultivation can be made full use of to the two biological property and forest land space structure, improve land utilization rate, increase production economy benefit.
Yet, in existing Chinese herbal medicine interplanting research, the interplanting cultivation of golden cypress and Paris polyphylla is still lacked to the management method of a kind of system, standard, limited giving full play to of productive potential, cultivation effect is affected.
Based on this, the present invention is intended to the stereo cultivation method that research and development provide a kind of golden cypress Paris polyphylla comprehensive, system to interplant, improving when forest land manages intensive degree, effectively increase output capacity, improve the quality of products, this advances Chinese herbal medicine standardized planting level to be all of great practical significance for accelerating forest economy development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and the stereo cultivation method of described golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting, comprises golden cypress plantation, Paris polyphylla plantation, field management, fertilizing management, irrigation management and extermination of disease and insect pest step, specifically comprises:
A, golden cypress plantation: golden cypress is planted in winter-spring season and carries out, and selects low mountain yellow earth thick-layer site type, adopt cave-shaped whole ground, and cave, the pool is of a size of 55 ~ 65cm * 55 ~ 65cm * 55 ~ 65cm, line-spacing 1.8 ~ 2.2m, spacing in the rows 1.2 ~ 1.8m; The consumption of beating pool Hou Mei Xue An composite fertilizer 0.15 ~ 0.25kg fully mixes with soil, and backfill enters in cave, the pool and earthing; After one month, by height >=50cm, the golden cypress seedling replanting of leading thread >=1cm is in whole good cave, the pool, and backfill soil height or be above the ground level 5 ~ 10m equal with ground, irrigates normal root water, and on soil dish overlay masking thing.
B, Paris polyphylla plantation: adopt level land bedding, after golden cypress plantation 10th ~ 14 months, by golden cypress soil intensive cultivation in the ranks, mu organic fertilizer 1800 ~ 2200kg, composite fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg, turns over after executing, after the thin leveling of rake, do furrow, furrow face width 1.0 ~ 1.2m, high 22 ~ 28cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 25 ~ 35cm, then at furrow face, open the ditch of dark 4 ~ 6cm, will have the Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem of sprouting ability to be transplanted on furrow, spacing in the rows 12 ~ 18cm, irrigate normal root water, and on furrow face overlay masking thing.
C, field management: golden cypress and Paris polyphylla carry out plant in latter 2 months and 6 months in transplanting respectively and survive condition survey, and fill the gaps with seedlings in time, weeding, loosen the soil; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, during Phellodendron chinense Seedlings shade density > 65%, golden cypress is pruned, beaten and pitch or intermediate cutting regulates shade density.
D, fertilizing management: Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem applies fertilizer twice, the first every year inferior to season of growth mu sealing fertilizer 24 ~ 26kg after transplanting, second inferior to winter mu execute farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg.
E, irrigation management: in 10 ~ 14 months after golden cypress seedling replanting, meeting arid season should water, keep draining unobstructed rainy season; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, every 10 ~ 15d waters once, makes soil moisture conservation 30 ~ 40%, needs to manage ditch before rainy season set, keeps draining unobstructed, does not make furrow area water.
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the damage by disease and insect of golden cypress comprises that rust, Chinese prickly ash swallowtail butterfly cause harm; The damage by disease and insect of Paris polyphylla comprises that black spot, stem rot and chafer cause harm; Pest control method is identical with conventional method.
The stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting of the present invention has changed traditional single medicinal material and has only planted pattern, realizes sun plant and heliophobous plant collocation, rationally utilizes photo-thermal resource.According to the leaf amount size of Phellodendron chinense Seedlings, employing is pruned, is beaten the means such as fork or intermediate cutting and regulates shade density flexibly, has improved the growth rate of Paris polyphylla, and the multiple that not only increases weight is high, and output is also high.
Cultivation method of the present invention carries out the wrong phase plantation about 1 year to golden cypress and Paris polyphylla, the adjustment of implantation time is in order to coordinate the biological property of golden cypress and Paris polyphylla growth on the one hand, rationally utilize space, forest land, reduce to a certain extent input cost, as the input amount of the facilities such as shade net canopy.
The adjustment of implantation time is conducive to carry out the specific aim optimization of Tending golden cypress and Paris polyphylla interplanting initial stage on the other hand.The golden cypress seedling replanting initial stage water sufficient normal root water after irrigation intensity slightly low, make golden cypress seedling when guarantee obtaining compared with mcroorganism amount, be conducive to alkaloidal accumulation in stem skin, improved effective output.In addition, in 10 ~ 14 months golden cypress seedling replanting initial stage, according to fostering environmental quality, preferably do not establish shade net canopy, can either improve the biomass of golden cypress, can obtain again higher alkaloid single plant yield.
In sum, cultivation method of the present invention is arranged in pairs or groups woody medicine and the plantation of herbal drug mutually, forest culture and management technology and horticulture technique is unified mutually, the production cycle of two kinds of medicinal plants is matched, realize three-dimensional, combined type cultivation, be convenient to realize economized, the regularized operation of human and material resources, financial resources, more effectively improved the quantity and quality of two kinds of medicinal plants, produce obvious economic benefit, there is higher application value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereochemical structure allocation plan of cultivation method embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereochemical structure allocation plan of cultivation method embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the stereochemical structure allocation plan of cultivation method embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In figure:
for golden cypress;
for Paris polyphylla.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is further illustrated, but never in any form the present invention is limited, any conversion or the replacement based on training centre of the present invention, done, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting of the present invention, comprises golden cypress plantation, Paris polyphylla plantation, field management, fertilizing management, irrigation management and extermination of disease and insect pest step, specifically comprises:
Described golden cypress is planted in winter-spring season and carries out, and selects low mountain yellow earth thick-layer site type, adopts cave-shaped whole ground, and cave, the pool is of a size of 55 ~ 65cm * 55 ~ 65cm * 55 ~ 65cm, line-spacing 1.8 ~ 2.2m, spacing in the rows 1.2 ~ 1.8m; The consumption of beating pool Hou Mei Xue An composite fertilizer 0.15 ~ 0.25kg fully mixes with soil, and backfill enters in cave, the pool and earthing; After one month, by height >=50cm, the golden cypress seedling replanting of leading thread >=1cm is in whole good cave, the pool, and backfill soil height or be above the ground level 5 ~ 10m equal with ground, irrigates normal root water, and on soil dish overlay masking thing.
The plantation of described Paris polyphylla adopts level land bedding, and after golden cypress plantation 10th ~ 14 months, by golden cypress soil intensive cultivation in the ranks, mu organic fertilizer 1800 ~ 2200kg, composite fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg, turns over after executing, after the thin leveling of rake, do furrow, furrow face width 1.0 ~ 1.2m, high 22 ~ 28cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 25 ~ 35cm, then at furrow face, open the ditch of dark 4 ~ 6cm, will have the Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem of sprouting ability to be transplanted on furrow, spacing in the rows 12 ~ 18cm, irrigate normal root water, and on furrow face overlay masking thing.
Described field management refers to golden cypress and Paris polyphylla to be carried out plant in latter 2 months and 6 months in transplanting respectively and survives condition survey, and fills the gaps with seedlings in time, weeding, loosens the soil; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, during Phellodendron chinense Seedlings shade density > 65%, golden cypress is pruned, beaten and pitch or intermediate cutting regulates shade density.
Described fertilizing management refers to Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem transplant after, apply fertilizer every year twice, the first inferior to season of growth mu sealing fertilizer 24 ~ 26kg, second inferior to winter mu execute farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg.
Described irrigation management refers to meets arid season in 10 ~ 14 months after golden cypress seedling replanting and should water, and keeps rainy season draining unobstructed; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, every 10 ~ 15d waters once, makes soil moisture conservation 30 ~ 40%, needs to manage ditch before rainy season set, keeps draining unobstructed, does not make furrow area water.
The described extermination of disease and insect pest, it is identical with conventional method that it prevents and treats method.The damage by disease and insect of golden cypress comprises that rust, Chinese prickly ash swallowtail butterfly cause harm; The damage by disease and insect of Paris polyphylla comprises that black spot, stem rot and chafer cause harm.
Cultivation method of the present invention can also comprise forest land cleanup step, adopts along the banded manner of cleaning up of contour, surgeries shrub weeds, and removal of contamination, residue after results preceding crop, and with burning only prevent or reduce damage by disease and insect; After cleaning, mu organic fertilizer 2000 ~ 3000kg, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields; Then by the dose and method on operation instructions, spread fertilizer over the fields agricultural chemicals; Then soil is deep ploughed to 30cm above at least one times, kill insect and ovum in soil; Again soil is exposed to the sun one month, killing ova, bacterium; In the time of again wholely, before golden cypress seedling replanting during whole ground, can apply bactericide by the dose and method on operation instructions, further kill bacterium in soil; The last soil of raking in small, broken bits.
The described bandwidth along the banded cleaning of contour is 3.5 ~ 4.5m; Described agricultural chemicals is chlorophos, poison any one or several in cicada or chlorine cyanogen polyester with poison, and the amount of application of described agricultural chemicals can increase by 2% on the basis of operation instructions consumption; Described bactericidal agent is any one or several in tpn, zineb, polyoxin, tmtd or procymidone, and the amount of application of described bactericidal agent can increase by 3% on the basis of operation instructions consumption.
If the acidity of soil is too high, can also be in described forest land cleanup step, mu liming 9 ~ 11kg when applying agricultural chemicals or bactericidal agent, regulates acid-base value.
Too high pH value≤6.0 that refer to soil of described soil acidity.
In cultivation method of the present invention, golden cypress be Rutaceae Phellodendron plant Phellodendron sachalinense (
phellodendron chinenseschneid.); Paris polyphylla be Liliaceae paris plant Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis (
paris yunnanensisfranch.).
Described low mountain yellow earth thick-layer site type refers to height above sea level 900 ~ 1100m, 12 ~ 17 ° of year sammings, and under position, slope is, slope aspect is Schattenseite, 10 ~ 15 ° of the gradients, soil is yellow earth, thickness be in to thick-layer, parent rock is sandstone, quality is sandy loam, moistening loose, chad content 8 ~ 10%, pH value 5.6 ~ 7.8.
The golden cypress seedling quality classification standard that described golden cypress plantation step is used is as shown in the table
In described golden cypress plantation step, cave, the pool can be square, rectangle or isosceles triangle and arrange; Described Da Tanghoujiang composite fertilizer is backfilled in cave, the pool after mixing in proportion with soil, and backfill volume is 2/3 of cave, pool volume, and is covered with one deck soil; Described backfill soil height need be below golden cypress seedling collar; Described veil is any in straw or mulch film, and the thickness of described veil need reach and not reveal soil.
The Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem that cultivation method of the present invention is used refers to, and by within two to three years, having after the Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem airing of sprouting ability, admixes the band sprout tuber stem obtaining after ash.
The described ash of admixing refers to, and Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem and ash are mixed thoroughly by the weight ratio of 1:1 ~ 3.
Described Paris polyphylla plantation step need upwards be placed the terminal bud bud point of Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem; Described veil is any in pine needle or straw, and the thickness of described veil need reach and not reveal soil.
The fertilizer that cultivation method of the present invention is used is any one or several in farmyard manure, excrement of animals, oil cake, ash or the crops straw becoming thoroughly decomposed; Described fertilizer does not comprise night soil.
Described fertilizer is before using, preferably by fertilizer: after the weight ratio of phosphate fertilizer=8 ~ 12:1 is puddled evenly, stack retting more than 3 months, fully becomes thoroughly decomposed it.
Described phosphate fertilizer is any in superphosphate, double superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate.
Described field management need carry out weeding after golden cypress seedling and Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem are transplanted, and after this weeding in time in management process can not injure acrial part and the fibrous root of Paris polyphylla during weeding, can carry out with the combination of loosening the soil.
Described field management is preferably within 10 ~ 14 months golden cypress seedling replanting initial stage, according to fostering environmental quality not establish shade net canopy.
Described irrigation management preferably adopts the mode of sprinkling irrigation.
The described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises following measures:
(1) Phellodendron Chinense Rust: start 5 ~ June, the blade of causing harm.Prevent and treat method: 400 times of liquid of sulfonat or 700 times of liquid sprayings of 25% triadimefon for their early stage.
(3) golden cypress Chinese prickly ash swallowtail butterfly is caused harm: occur 5 ~ August, and seedling leaves causes harm.Prevent and treat method: utilize natural enemy, parasitic wasp suppresses swallowtail butterfly generation; At juvenile stage, with 800 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos or 300 times of liquid of Bt emulsion, spray.
(3) Paris polyphylla black spot: disease, from blade tip or phyllopodium, produces circle or subcircular scab, and disease spreads to floral axis sometimes, forms leaf withered withered with stem.Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: 1. note draining hydrofuge, reduce air humidity, alleviate morbidity; 2. their early stage sprays 5% octicin solution aqua or 50% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent.
(4) Paris polyphylla stem rot: how occurring in the seedbed phase, the harm of high temperature and rainy field period is even more serious.First at basal part of stem, produce yellowish-brown scab, after scab expands, blade tip dehydration is sagging, and when serious, seedling is fallen in stem foot web rot.Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: 1. with gramineous crop above crop rotation in 3 years; 2. transplant front seedbed and spray 50% carbendazol wettable powder, as " send and transfer medicine "; 3. between, remove sick seedling; 4. land for growing field crops their early stage is filled with the pool with 95% fenaminosulf wetting powder, every 10 days 1 time, connects and fills with 2-3 times.
Described " send and transfer medicine " refers to the medicament spraying in advance before transplanting, the damage by disease and insect after control is transplanted.
(3) Paris polyphylla chafer is caused harm: with adult harm blade, with larva, sting food rhizome, affect Paris polyphylla growth.Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: torch trapping in night adult, is put in furrow face trapping larva with fresh vegetable foliar spray chlorophos.
embodiment 1
Interplanting plant used is:
Golden cypress: Phellodendron sachalinense (
phellodendron chinenseschneid.) annual seedling, height>=50cm, leading thread>=1cm, root length>=35cm, lateral root number>=20 of being longer than 5cm.
Paris polyphylla: Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis (
paris yunnanensisfranch.) within two to three years, there is the band sprout tuber stem of sprouting ability, after airing, admix ash.
Site type is: height above sea level 900 ~ 1100m, 12 ~ 17 ° of year sammings, under position, slope is, slope aspect is Schattenseite, 10 ~ 15 ° of the gradients, soil is yellow earth, thickness be in to thick-layer, parent rock is sandstone, quality is sandy loam, moistening loose, chad content 8 ~ 10%, pH value 5.6 ~ 7.8.
First carry out forest land cleaning, adopt along the banded manner of cleaning up of contour, bandwidth 4m, surgeries shrub weeds, and removal of contamination, residue after results preceding crop, and with burning only prevent or reduce damage by disease and insect; After cleaning, mu is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields; Then by the dose and method on operation instructions, spread fertilizer over the fields chlorophos; Then soil is deep ploughed to 30cm with the last time, kill insect and ovum in soil; Again soil is exposed to the sun one month, killing ova, bacterium; During the front whole ground of golden cypress seedling replanting, can apply tpn by the dose and method on operation instructions, further kill bacterium in soil; The last soil of raking in small, broken bits.
Golden cypress is planted in winter-spring season and carries out, and selects low mountain yellow earth thick-layer site type, adopts cave-shaped whole ground, and cave, the pool is of a size of 60cm * 60cm * 60cm, line-spacing 2.0m, and spacing in the rows 1.5m, is isosceles triangle and arranges; The consumption of beating pool Hou Mei Xue An composite fertilizer 0.20kg fully mixes with soil, and backfill enters in cave, the pool, and backfill volume is 2/3 of cave, pool volume, and is covered with one deck soil; After one month by golden cypress seedling replanting in whole good cave, the pool, the backfill soil 5 ~ 10m that is above the ground level, but height need irrigate normal root water below golden cypress seedling collar, and on soil dish mulching straw, until do not reveal soil.
Paris polyphylla plantation adopts level land bedding, and after golden cypress plantation 12nd month, by golden cypress soil intensive cultivation in the ranks, mu is executed well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg, and composite fertilizer 27kg, turns over after executing, after the thin leveling of rake, do furrow, furrow face width 1.1m, high 25cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 30cm, then opens the ditch of dark 4 ~ 6cm at furrow face, Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted on furrow, during transplanting, the terminal bud bud point of Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem upwards need be placed, spacing in the rows 15cm, irrigates normal root water, and cover pine needle on furrow face, until do not reveal soil.
Golden cypress and Paris polyphylla carry out plant in latter 2 months and 6 months in transplanting respectively and survive condition survey, the survival rate of golden cypress and Paris polyphylla is respectively 93% and 95%, there is the plot that does not survive plant to fill the gaps with seedlings in time, after transplanting, between 3 ~ 5 years, carry out plant and survive condition survey, the survival rate of golden cypress and Paris polyphylla all reaches more than 85%.
After golden cypress seedling and Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem are transplanted and in management process after this, all weedings in time, first remove Paris polyphylla plant Weeds Around with hand-lifting, then remove gently other weeds with special-purpose spud, during weeding, can not injure acrial part and the fibrous root of Paris polyphylla, can carry out with the combination of loosening the soil.
After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, when Phellodendron chinense Seedlings leaf amount increases, during shade density > 65%, golden cypress is pruned, beaten and pitch or intermediate cutting regulates shade density.
Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem applies fertilizer twice, the first every year inferior to season of growth mu sealing fertilizer 25kg after transplanting, second inferior to winter mu execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg.
In 12 months after golden cypress seedling replanting, meet arid season and answer Spray irrigation, keep rainy season draining unobstructed; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, every 10 ~ 15d sprinkling irrigation once, makes soil moisture conservation 30 ~ 40%, needs to manage ditch before rainy season set, keeps draining unobstructed, does not make furrow area water.
Between whole interplanting period, pest control method is identical with conventional method, and the damage by disease and insect of golden cypress comprises that rust, Chinese prickly ash swallowtail butterfly cause harm; The damage by disease and insect of Paris polyphylla comprises that black spot, stem rot and chafer cause harm.
embodiment 2
Interplanting plant used is:
Golden cypress: Phellodendron sachalinense (
phellodendron chinenseschneid.) with embodiment 1.
Paris polyphylla: Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis (
paris yunnanensisfranch.) with embodiment 1.
Site type is with embodiment 1.
First carry out forest land cleaning, adopt along the banded manner of cleaning up of contour, bandwidth 3.5m, surgeries shrub weeds, and removal of contamination, residue after results preceding crop, and with burning only prevent or reduce damage by disease and insect; After cleaning, mu is executed the excrement of animals 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields; Then by the dose and method on operation instructions, spread fertilizer over the fields and poison cicada with poison; Then soil is deep ploughed to 30cm with the last time, kill insect and ovum in soil; Again soil is exposed to the sun one month, killing ova, bacterium; During the front whole ground of golden cypress seedling replanting, can apply zineb by the dose and method on operation instructions, further kill bacterium in soil; The last soil of raking in small, broken bits.
Golden cypress is planted in winter-spring season and carries out, and selects low mountain yellow earth thick-layer site type, adopts cave-shaped whole ground, and cave, the pool is of a size of 55cm * 55cm * 55cm, line-spacing 1.8m, and spacing in the rows 1.2m, is isosceles triangle and arranges; The consumption of beating pool Hou Mei Xue An composite fertilizer 0.15kg fully mixes with soil, and backfill enters in cave, the pool, and backfill volume is 2/3 of cave, pool volume, and is covered with one deck soil; After one month by golden cypress seedling replanting in whole good cave, the pool, the backfill soil 5 ~ 10m that is above the ground level, but height need irrigate normal root water below golden cypress seedling collar, and on soil dish covering with plastic film, until do not reveal soil.
Paris polyphylla plantation adopts level land bedding, and after golden cypress plantation 14th month, by golden cypress soil intensive cultivation in the ranks, mu is executed the excrement of animals 1800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and composite fertilizer 25kg, turns over after executing, after the thin leveling of rake, do furrow, furrow face width 1.0m, high 22cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 25cm, then opens the ditch of dark 4 ~ 6cm at furrow face, Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted on furrow, during transplanting, the terminal bud bud point of Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem upwards need be placed, spacing in the rows 12cm, irrigates normal root water, and on furrow face mulching straw, until do not reveal soil.
Golden cypress and Paris polyphylla carry out plant in latter 2 months and 6 months in transplanting respectively and survive condition survey, the survival rate of golden cypress and Paris polyphylla is respectively 90% and 92%, there is the plot that does not survive plant to fill the gaps with seedlings in time, after transplanting, between 3 ~ 5 years, carry out plant and survive condition survey, the survival rate of golden cypress and Paris polyphylla all reaches more than 86%.
After golden cypress seedling and Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem are transplanted and in management process after this, all weedings in time, first remove Paris polyphylla plant Weeds Around with hand-lifting, then remove gently other weeds with special-purpose spud, during weeding, can not injure acrial part and the fibrous root of Paris polyphylla, can carry out with the combination of loosening the soil.
After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, when Phellodendron chinense Seedlings leaf amount increases, during shade density > 65%, golden cypress is pruned, beaten and pitch or intermediate cutting regulates shade density.
Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem applies fertilizer twice, the first every year inferior to season of growth mu sealing fertilizer 24kg after transplanting, second inferior to winter mu execute farmyard manure 3000kg.
In 14 months after golden cypress seedling replanting, meet arid season and answer Spray irrigation, keep rainy season draining unobstructed; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, every 10 ~ 15d sprinkling irrigation once, makes soil moisture conservation 30 ~ 40%, needs to manage ditch before rainy season set, keeps draining unobstructed, does not make furrow area water.
Between whole interplanting period, pest control method is identical with conventional method, and the damage by disease and insect of golden cypress comprises that rust, Chinese prickly ash swallowtail butterfly cause harm; The damage by disease and insect of Paris polyphylla comprises that black spot, stem rot and chafer cause harm.
embodiment 3
Interplanting plant used is:
Golden cypress: Phellodendron sachalinense (
phellodendron chinenseschneid.) with embodiment 1.
Paris polyphylla: Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis (
paris yunnanensisfranch.) with embodiment 1.
Site type is with embodiment 1.
First carry out forest land cleaning, adopt along the banded manner of cleaning up of contour, bandwidth 4.5m, surgeries shrub weeds, and removal of contamination, residue after results preceding crop, and with burning only prevent or reduce damage by disease and insect; After cleaning, mu is executed the oil cake 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields; Then by the dose and method on operation instructions, spread fertilizer over the fields cypermethrin; Then soil is deep ploughed to 30cm with the last time, kill insect and ovum in soil; Again soil is exposed to the sun one month, killing ova, bacterium; During the front whole ground of golden cypress seedling replanting, can apply polyoxin by the dose and method on operation instructions, further kill bacterium in soil; The last soil of raking in small, broken bits.
Golden cypress is planted in winter-spring season and carries out, and selects low mountain yellow earth thick-layer site type, adopts cave-shaped whole ground, and cave, the pool is of a size of 65cm * 65cm * 65cm, line-spacing 2.2m, and spacing in the rows 1.8m, is isosceles triangle and arranges; The consumption of beating pool Hou Mei Xue An composite fertilizer 0.25kg fully mixes with soil, and backfill enters in cave, the pool, and backfill volume is 2/3 of cave, pool volume, and is covered with one deck soil; After one month by golden cypress seedling replanting in whole good cave, the pool, the backfill soil 5 ~ 10m that is above the ground level, but height need irrigate normal root water below golden cypress seedling collar, and on soil dish mulching straw, until do not reveal soil.
Paris polyphylla plantation adopts level land bedding, and after golden cypress plantation 10th month, by golden cypress soil intensive cultivation in the ranks, mu is executed the oil cake 2200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and composite fertilizer 30kg, turns over after executing, after the thin leveling of rake, do furrow, furrow face width 1.2m, high 28cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 35cm, then opens the ditch of dark 4 ~ 6cm at furrow face, Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted on furrow, during transplanting, the terminal bud bud point of Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem upwards need be placed, spacing in the rows 18cm, irrigates normal root water, and on furrow face mulching straw, until do not reveal soil.
Golden cypress and Paris polyphylla carry out plant in latter 2 months and 6 months in transplanting respectively and survive condition survey, the survival rate of golden cypress and Paris polyphylla is respectively 95% and 94%, there is the plot that does not survive plant to fill the gaps with seedlings in time, after transplanting, between 3 ~ 5 years, carry out plant and survive condition survey, the survival rate of golden cypress and Paris polyphylla all reaches more than 87%.
After golden cypress seedling and Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem are transplanted and in management process after this, all weedings in time, first remove Paris polyphylla plant Weeds Around with hand-lifting, then remove gently other weeds with special-purpose spud, during weeding, can not injure acrial part and the fibrous root of Paris polyphylla, can carry out with the combination of loosening the soil.
After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, when Phellodendron chinense Seedlings leaf amount increases, during shade density > 65%, golden cypress is pruned, beaten and pitch or intermediate cutting regulates shade density.
Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem applies fertilizer twice, the first every year inferior to season of growth mu sealing fertilizer 26kg after transplanting, second inferior to winter mu execute farmyard manure 2000kg.
In 10 months after golden cypress seedling replanting, meet arid season and answer Spray irrigation, keep rainy season draining unobstructed; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, every 10 ~ 15d sprinkling irrigation once, makes soil moisture conservation 30 ~ 40%, needs to manage ditch before rainy season set, keeps draining unobstructed, does not make furrow area water.
Between whole interplanting period, pest control method is identical with conventional method, and the damage by disease and insect of golden cypress comprises that rust, Chinese prickly ash swallowtail butterfly cause harm; The damage by disease and insect of Paris polyphylla comprises that black spot, stem rot and chafer cause harm.
Claims (10)
1. a stereo cultivation method for golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting, is characterized in that comprising golden cypress plantation, Paris polyphylla plantation, field management, fertilizing management, irrigation management and extermination of disease and insect pest step, specifically comprises:
A, golden cypress plantation: golden cypress is planted in winter-spring season and carries out, and selects low mountain yellow earth thick-layer site type, adopt cave-shaped whole ground, and cave, the pool is of a size of 55 ~ 65cm * 55 ~ 65cm * 55 ~ 65cm, line-spacing 1.8 ~ 2.2m, spacing in the rows 1.2 ~ 1.8m; The consumption of beating pool Hou Mei Xue An composite fertilizer 0.15 ~ 0.25kg fully mixes with soil, and backfill enters in cave, the pool and earthing; After one month, by height >=50cm, the golden cypress seedling replanting of leading thread >=1cm is in whole good cave, the pool, and backfill soil height or be above the ground level 5 ~ 10m equal with ground, irrigates normal root water, and on soil dish overlay masking thing;
B, Paris polyphylla plantation: adopt level land bedding, after golden cypress plantation 10th ~ 14 months, by golden cypress soil intensive cultivation in the ranks, mu organic fertilizer 1800 ~ 2200kg, composite fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg, turns over after executing, after the thin leveling of rake, do furrow, furrow face width 1.0 ~ 1.2m, high 22 ~ 28cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 25 ~ 35cm, then at furrow face, open the ditch of dark 4 ~ 6cm, will have the Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem of sprouting ability to be transplanted on furrow, spacing in the rows 12 ~ 18cm, irrigate normal root water, and on furrow face overlay masking thing;
C, field management: golden cypress and Paris polyphylla carry out plant in latter 2 months and 6 months in transplanting respectively and survive condition survey, and fill the gaps with seedlings in time, weeding, loosen the soil; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, during Phellodendron chinense Seedlings shade density > 65%, golden cypress is pruned, beaten and pitch or intermediate cutting regulates shade density;
D, fertilizing management: Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem applies fertilizer twice, the first every year inferior to season of growth mu sealing fertilizer 24 ~ 26kg after transplanting, second inferior to winter mu execute farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg;
E, irrigation management: in 10 ~ 14 months after golden cypress seedling replanting, meeting arid season should water, keep draining unobstructed rainy season; After Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem is transplanted, every 10 ~ 15d waters once, makes soil moisture conservation 30 ~ 40%, needs to manage ditch before rainy season set, keeps draining unobstructed, does not make furrow area water;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the damage by disease and insect of golden cypress comprises that rust, Chinese prickly ash swallowtail butterfly cause harm; The damage by disease and insect of Paris polyphylla comprises that black spot, stem rot and chafer cause harm; Pest control method is identical with conventional method.
2. the stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla according to claim 1 interplanting, it is characterized in that described golden cypress be Rutaceae Phellodendron plant Phellodendron sachalinense (
phellodendron chinenseschneid.); Described Paris polyphylla be Liliaceae paris plant Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis (
paris yunnanensisfranch.).
3. the stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting according to claim 1, is characterized in that described low mountain yellow earth thick-layer site type is height above sea level 900 ~ 1100m, 12 ~ 17 ° of year sammings, under position, slope is, slope aspect is Schattenseite, 10 ~ 15 ° of the gradients, and soil is yellow earth, thickness be in to thick-layer, parent rock is sandstone, and quality is sandy loam, moistening loose, chad content 8 ~ 10%, pH value 5.6 ~ 7.8.
4. the stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla according to claim 1 interplanting, is characterized in that the golden cypress plantation described in steps A, and cave, the pool can be square, rectangle or isosceles triangle and arrange; Described Da Tanghoujiang composite fertilizer is backfilled in cave, the pool after mixing in proportion with soil, and backfill volume is 2/3 of cave, pool volume, and is covered with one deck soil; Described backfill soil height need be below golden cypress seedling collar; Described veil is any in straw or mulch film, and the thickness of described veil need reach and not reveal soil.
5. the stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem refers to, and by within two to three years, having after the Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem airing of sprouting ability, admixes the band sprout tuber stem obtaining after ash.
6. the stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla according to claim 1 interplanting, is characterized in that the Paris polyphylla plantation described in step B, the terminal bud bud point of Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem upwards need be placed; Described veil is any in pine needle or straw, and the thickness of described veil need reach and not reveal soil.
7. the stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla according to claim 1 interplanting, is characterized in that described fertilizer is any one or several in farmyard manure, excrement of animals, oil cake, ash or the crops straw becoming thoroughly decomposed; Described fertilizer does not comprise night soil.
8. according to the stereo cultivation method of the golden cypress Paris polyphylla interplanting described in claim 1 or 7 any one, it is characterized in that described fertilizer is before using, can puddle evenly rear stack retting more than 3 months by the weight ratio of fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer=8 ~ 12:1, it is fully become thoroughly decomposed.
9. the stereo cultivation method that golden cypress Paris polyphylla according to claim 1 is interplanted, it is characterized in that field management described in step C carry out weeding after golden cypress seedling and Paris polyphylla band sprout tuber stem are transplanted, after this weeding in time in management process, during weeding, can not injure acrial part and the fibrous root of Paris polyphylla, can carry out with the combination of loosening the soil.
10. the stereo cultivation method of golden cypress Paris polyphylla according to claim 1 interplanting, is characterized in that the irrigation management described in step e adopts sprinkling irrigation.
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