CN104541648A - Slope improving method for planting fruits and vegetables - Google Patents
Slope improving method for planting fruits and vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541648A CN104541648A CN201510041301.3A CN201510041301A CN104541648A CN 104541648 A CN104541648 A CN 104541648A CN 201510041301 A CN201510041301 A CN 201510041301A CN 104541648 A CN104541648 A CN 104541648A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slope improving method for planting fruits and vegetables, namely planting the osmunda japonica thunb in slope and forest lands. The method includes slope and forest land optimization, Cunninghamia Lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook, osmunda japonica thunb and fig planting, Cunninghamia Lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook and fig trimming, osmunda japonica thunb seedling cultivation, osmunda japonica thunb fertilization, irrigation and cultivation, and ryegrass spreading. By the aid of the technical scheme, the yield of the osmunda japonica thunb can be increased significantly, the quality of the osmunda japonica thunb can be improved significantly, the osmunda japonica thunb can be picked each year after three years, and the yield of a single plant of fig is larger than that of fig planted in large area separately and traditionally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production, be specifically related to the method for a kind of hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits.
Background technology
Common vetch dish, the purple dustpan of formal name used at school, belongs to perennial pteridophyte, has exist widely in mountain area, Dabie Mountain.Containing the various trace elements such as rich in protein, vitamin and potassium, calcium, squama in common vetch dish, common vetch dish not only can be made into delicious dish, have more the effects such as anticancer, heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, fat-reducing, beauty treatment, to the virus such as influenza, encephalitis B, there is obvious inhibitory action simultaneously, be long-term outlet, be in great demand overseas vegetables, is particularly exported to Japan.
At present, common vetch dish is field acquisition mostly, although also there is local experiment artificial planting, it yields poorly, and the common vetch dish stem of collection is thin, poor quality, and to pluck after one, two year common vetch dish will withered or no longer bract bud.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide the method for a kind of hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits, and it can effectively solve the problem, and the output of common vetch dish is high, and common vetch dish is sturdy, and quality better can be plucked for a long time, can not the underproduction.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A method for hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits, refers to the method for improvement hillside interplanting in woodland common vetch dish, thorn China fir, fig, specifically comprises following operating procedure:
S1: become staged by whole for forest land, hillside, each planting site behind whole ground is offered along the contour on hillside respectively, domatic outside between adjacent planting site adopts stone to pile the ridge of building a dam, ditch is offered in the middle part of each planting site, ditch along the length direction of planting site offer and in ditch along its length interval compartment is set, ditch is separated into each tank by compartment, the two ends compartment of each tank arranges first respectively, the second-rate mouth of a river, cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth, the height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth on same tank, the height of flowing water mouth highly less in the second-rate mouth of a river is consistent, compartment on adjacent ditch and the 3rd flowing water mouth are arranged in interleaved shape respectively, the ditch, top in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation, the upper outside of Ba Geng is provided with the sparge pipe of horizontal shape layout, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying/shower nozzle, the sidewall of the oblique sensing in the water outlet direction Ba Geng of hole for water spraying/shower nozzle, planting site is divided into the first planting site be positioned at inside ditch and the second planting site be positioned at outside ditch by ditch, first planting site adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2 ~ 0.8:1:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of paddy field draining dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 ~ 3 with forest land soil,
S2: plant interval on the ground at second kind spring then and to plant the thorn Chinese fir seedling of life in 4 ~ 5 years, after thorn China fir seedling survives, the trunk of thorn Chinese fir seedling is clipped and carried out preservative treatment to truncated position, the tree stump place tufted of thorn China fir grows thorn China fir seedling, late April digs the dark planting pit of 50 ~ 55cm in the outside of thorn Chinese fir seedling, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 5 ~ 8kg is applied in planting pit, the fig cuttage seeding of band soil is planted in planting pit, water sufficient normal root water, fig spacing in the rows is 1.5 ~ 2.0m, along cuttage seeding height 20 ~ 22cm place, fig is cut off, three major branch natural open centre shape/Y shape training types are adopted to carry out shaping to fig, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 150 ~ 155 weight portion green manure, people and animals' urine of 30 ~ 35 weight portions, the process of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the lime of 5 ~ 8 weight portions and the dry land soil of 10 ~ 15 weight portions obtains, after cuttage, 20d waters and executes once rare rich water, containing 5% ammonium sulfate in rare rich water, in autumn in the same year the common vetch dish seedling of artificial propagation/wild planted at first kind and locate interval bottom the next-door neighbour ridge, dam on the ground and plant, and pour water in ditch, water surface elevation in ditch is lower than the ground level 12 ~ 17cm of the first planting site, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and at earth's surface bedding one deck leaf of the first planting site,
S3: Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish, thorn Chinese fir is pruned, retain a major branch, all the other thorn China fir seedling carry out plucking top makes its height between 1.4 ~ 1.6m; The major branch of fig is pruned, keep major branch length 50 ~ 55cm, 3 ~ 4 are retained newly slightly above each major branch, the prosperous long-term applying once composite fertilizer of young sprout growth, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 90 ~ 100kg, the urea mixed configuration that composite fertilizer is 20 weight portion nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 10 weight portion poultrys urinate excrement and 5 weight portions obtains, and carries out fruit after result; Second Year early August broadcasts sowing perennial ryegrass on first and second planting site, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid and 1.5g pak-chor 4 ~ 4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid be bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilute 10 times formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor
600be 0.8 ~ 1.0, after seed soaking, ryegrass seed and 8kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam are mixed and are all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth is to carrying out first time harvesting during plant height 40 ~ 45cm as farming animals herbage, toothing 5 ~ 8cm during first time harvesting, promote that perennial ryegrass tillers and regenerates, perennial ryegrass regrow to carry out aftercrop during plant height 35 ~ 40cm and by harvesting herbage and leaf bedding on the earth's surface of first and second planting site, toothing 1 ~ 3cm during aftercrop, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating;
S4: from the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile to common vetch dish, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish, the dwarf branch bar of thorn Chinese fir is pruned, makes it highly be no more than 1.5m, fig side shoot is pruned, its length is made to be 30 ~ 35cm, each side shoot retains 1 ~ 2 newly slightly, prune and make new length slightly be no more than 20cm, within 4th year, wipe out every year afterwards on side shoot less go out the branch of young sprout result, the young sprout of 1 ~ 2 growing way stalwartness of selecting and remain, it is for a long time prosperous that young sprout grows, fruit expanding period, composite fertilizer is applied once respectively before fallen leaves, the each applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 70 ~ 75kg, annual early August is first, two planting sites broadcast sowing perennial ryegrass, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid and 1.5g pak-chor 4 ~ 4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid be bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilute 10 times formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor
600be 0.8 ~ 1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth is to carrying out first time harvesting during plant height 40 ~ 45cm as farming animals herbage, toothing 5 ~ 8cm during first time harvesting, promote that perennial ryegrass tillers and regenerates, perennial ryegrass regrow to carry out aftercrop during plant height 35 ~ 40cm and by harvesting herbage and leaf bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1 ~ 3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating, bud fertilizer is helped to obtain for fiery loam and people's retention of urine liquid/urea mixed preparing.
The plantation of common vetch dish, topmost is exactly the control of liquid manure, and the happiness of common vetch dish happiness water is cloudy, but also water funk flood, and very harsh to soil for growth.The present invention is by the transformation in forest land, above-mentioned hillside, the irrigation system that ditch is formed, forest land, the irrigation of uniform fluid flow whole hillside can be made, water lev el control simultaneously in ditch lower than first planting site earth's surface 12 ~ 17cm, ensure that the happiness water of common vetch dish is irrigated and there will not be waterlogging, common vetch dish is planted bottom the ridge, dam, to to get well more than level land planting effect, common vetch dish is by the impact of Ba Geng, the new cauline leaf sent out is grown to away from Ba Geng side, the plant hormone in it is made to stimulate root to sprout more gemma, improve output, the setting of Ba Geng simultaneously, first kind can be made to plant ground side's current does not penetrate in ditch from the trickling of the earth's surface of the first planting site from its underpart, prevent the waterlogging of common vetch dish, in addition, stone piles the Ba Geng built, fixation can be played at the initial stage of forest land transformation, preventing came down during rainy season causes forest land, hillside to be ruined, hole for water spraying/shower nozzle sprayed in short-term at night, Simulated rainwater sky, made the sparse spray of part rainwater on common vetch dish bud, promoted the growth of common vetch dish bud, made common vetch dish bud more sturdy, the improvement soil of above-mentioned preparation simultaneously, support in acidity and fertilizer the best demand more grown with common vetch dish to match, make common vetch dish more sturdy, perennial ryegrass can first in addition, the soil property of two planting sites is vegetated, the perennial ryegrass of first time harvesting can be used for herding as the herbage of herding and survive the winter, and the perennial ryegrass of aftercrop and leaf cover first, on two planting sites, common vetch dish can be survived the winter better, ensure that common vetch dish to germinate spore the coming year, perennial ryegrass, leaf rots as green manure and helps the applying of bud fertilizer can be good at the fertility of supplementary first planting site and regulate acidity, common vetch dish can both be plucked every year.The cost of thorn Chinese fir breeding is low, survival rate is high, growth is fast, after cutting down its major branch, a large amount of new talents can be gone out tree stump director, the fence sheltered from heat or light can be formed fast in the periphery of common vetch dish, ensure that common vetch dish is to the demand of growing environment, shortens the cycle of whole forest land transformation simultaneously.Certainly, independent the played Main Function of the above-mentioned just each factor of simple elaboration, by the mutual coordinative role of each factor, make common vetch dish all can carry out the harvesting of high yield every year, and the common vetch dish plucked is sturdy, quality better.
Detailed scheme is:
The height of Ba Geng is 60 ~ 80cm, and it is 30 ~ 35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and the downside that improvement soil fills out flood is provided with sandy soils, and dam extends in sandy soils bottom the ridge.Plant at second kind after Second Year and on the ground plant tea tree, tea tree is positioned at the inner side of thorn Chinese fir and interval-staggered with thorn Chinese fir.Improvement soil is that dry land soil, peat soil and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2, helps bud fertilizer to be that 50kg fire loam and the preparation of 10L people's retention of urine liquid obtain.After Second Year, dwarf branch bar that is comparatively large and tree stump place is also in great numbers for the trunk of thorn Chinese fir, just as forming a hedge hurdle in the outside in ditch, now plant larger tea seedling within it, tea tree happiness is cloudy, can be good at growth, if plantation tea tree, what the ground level of the second planting site can be arranged is comparatively greater than the first planting site ground level, and many crop interplantings, improve whole economic benefit.And thorn Chinese fir, common vetch dish are all the crops that insect pest can not occur, and by interplanting, can eliminate the phenomenon that damage by disease and insect easily occurs large stretch of Tea planting, improve the economic benefit of whole agricultural.
Fig can be interplanted with thorn China fir, common vetch dish very well, and improve the output of individual plant fig, the resistance to fertilizer of fig, can not produce damage by disease and insect, can draw branch between planting season to fig, avoids fig fruit tree too high.
Technique scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and the 3rd year can both pluck common vetch dish afterwards every year.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation in ditch is offered on Fig. 1 is domatic;
Fig. 2 is domatic sectional schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described.Should be appreciated that following word only in order to describe one or more concrete embodiments of the present invention, considered critical is not carried out to the protection domain that the present invention specifically asks.
Following embodiment 1 ~ 2 is carried out in the cool breeze farm of Yuexi County Hong Sheng agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd, gemma refers to and the common vetch dish root and stem of certain plants sends tender white gemma, gemma is plucked after growing up to common vetch dish, loose stool water behaviour retention of urine liquid and 2 times of water mixed preparing obtain, urea water is that 100 ~ 200g urea and the preparation of 1L water obtain, following embodiment 1, the concrete amount of application of the fertilizer do not clearly not stated in 2, those skilled in the art can use in right amount according to the effect of fertilizer and use age, ensure reliably planting of crops, in addition, in whole planting process, all need to carry out weeding every year, loosen the soil, the operations such as desinsection.In the present invention if no special instructions, the percentage of component is mass concentration.
Embodiment 1
Hold fire line successfully in forest land, selected hillside and carry out refining mountain, fine day is selected to grill thoroughly burned for ground, by tree root behind burning ground, the grass root and stem of certain plants is rooted out, staged is become by whole for forest land, hillside, each planting site 11 behind whole ground is offered along the contour on hillside respectively, domatic outside between adjacent planting site 11 adopts stone to pile the ridge 12 of building a dam, ditch 13 is offered in the middle part of each planting site 11, ditch 13 along the length direction of planting site 11 offer and in ditch 13 along its length interval compartment 131 is set, ditch 13 is separated into each tank by compartment 131, the two ends compartment 131 of each tank arranges first respectively, the second-rate mouth of a river 132, cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth 133, the height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on same tank, the height of flowing water mouth highly less in the second-rate mouth of a river 132 is consistent (if the height at the first-class mouth of a river is lower than the height at the second mouth of a river, then the height of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 is consistent with the height at the first-class mouth of a river), compartment 131 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the ditch, top 13 in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation, the upper outside on the ridge, dam 12 is provided with the sparge pipe 14 of horizontal shape layout, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 14 is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying, the sidewall on the ridge, oblique sensing dam, water outlet direction 12 of hole for water spraying, planting site 11 is divided into the first planting site 111 be positioned at inside ditch 13 and the second planting site 112 be positioned at outside ditch 13 by ditch 13, first planting site 111 adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of paddy field draining dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 with forest land soil, the height on the ridge, dam 12 is 60 ~ 80cm, it is 30 ~ 35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and the downside that improvement soil fills out flood is provided with sandy soils 15, extends in sandy soils 15 bottom the ridge, dam 12, the width of the first planting site 111 is 30 ~ 40cm, and the width of the second planting site 112 is 2 ~ 2.2m,
Spring plants the thorn China fir 11b sapling of life in 4 ~ 5 years in interval on the second planting site 112 then, spacing in the rows 1.5m, after thorn China fir 11b seedling survives, the trunk of thorn China fir 11b sapling is clipped and carried out preservative treatment to truncated position, the tree stump place tufted of thorn China fir 11b grows thorn China fir 11b seedling, the dark planting pit of 50 ~ 55cm is dug in the outside of thorn Chinese fir seedling, in planting pit, apply the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 5 ~ 8kg, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 150 weight portion green manure, the dry land soil of people and animals' urine of 35 weight portions, the lime of 5 weight portions and 15 weight portions becomes thoroughly decomposed, and process obtains.The fig cuttage seeding (station, nursery is bought and obtained) of band soil is planted in planting pit, water sufficient normal root water, fig spacing in the rows is 1.5 ~ 2.0m, along cuttage seeding height 20 ~ 22cm place, fig is cut off, three major branch natural open centre shape/Y shape training types are adopted to carry out shaping to fig, after cuttage, 20d waters and executes once rare rich water, containing 5% ammonium sulfate in rare rich water.In autumn in the same year the common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation is close on the first planting site 111 and locates interval bottom the ridge, dam 12 and plant, the width of planting plant hole is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, size is 20 × 20cm, plant by spacing in the rows 15cm, during transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, do not hinder root system, normal root water is watered after cultivation, and pour water in ditch 13, water surface elevation in ditch 13 is lower than the ground level 12 ~ 17cm of the first planting site 111, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and at earth's surface bedding one deck leaf of the first planting site 111, the leaf that Za Shu can be selected to descend slowly and lightly and pine needle carry out bedding,
Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma and after gemma, bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish, prune thorn Shan11bShu, retain a major branch, all the other thorn China fir seedling carry out plucking top makes its height between 1.4 ~ 1.6m; The major branch of fig is pruned, keep major branch length 50 ~ 55cm, 3 ~ 4 are retained newly slightly above each major branch, the prosperous long-term applying once composite fertilizer of young sprout growth, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 100kg, the urea mixed configuration that composite fertilizer is 20 weight portion nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 10 weight portion poultrys urinate excrement and 5 weight portions obtains, and carries out fruit after result; Second Year early August broadcasts sowing perennial ryegrass on first and second planting site, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid and 1.5g pak-chor 4 ~ 4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid be bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilute 10 times formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor
600be 0.8 ~ 1.0, after seed soaking, ryegrass seed and 8kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam are mixed and are all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth is to carrying out first time harvesting during plant height 40 ~ 45cm as farming animals herbage, toothing 5 ~ 8cm during first time harvesting, promote that perennial ryegrass tillers and regenerates, perennial ryegrass regrow to carry out aftercrop during plant height 35 ~ 40cm and by harvesting herbage and leaf bedding on the earth's surface of first and second planting site, toothing 1 ~ 3cm during aftercrop, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating.
From the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile to common vetch dish, undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish, root is not injured during harvesting, loose stool water is executed once after each harvesting, the dwarf branch bar of thorn Shan11bShu is pruned, it is made highly to be no more than 1.5m, fig side shoot is pruned, its length is made to be 30 ~ 35cm, each side shoot retains 1 ~ 2 newly slightly, prune and make new length slightly be no more than 20cm, within 4th year, wipe out every year afterwards on side shoot less go out the branch of young sprout result, (on each branch) is selected and remain the young sprout of 1 ~ 2 growing way stalwartness, it is for a long time prosperous that young sprout grows, fruit expanding period, composite fertilizer is applied once respectively before fallen leaves, the each applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 70 ~ 75kg, in early August, the 3rd is first, two planting sites broadcast sowing perennial ryegrass, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid and 1.5g pak-chor 4 ~ 4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid be bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilute 10 times formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor
600be 0.8 ~ 1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth is to carrying out first time harvesting during plant height 40 ~ 45cm as farming animals herbage, toothing 5 ~ 8cm during first time harvesting, promote that perennial ryegrass tillers and regenerates, perennial ryegrass regrow to carry out aftercrop during plant height 35 ~ 40cm and by harvesting herbage and leaf bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1 ~ 3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating, help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid to obtain.
Embodiment 2
Hold fire line successfully in forest land, selected hillside and carry out refining mountain, fine day is selected to grill thoroughly burned for ground, by tree root behind burning ground, the grass root and stem of certain plants is rooted out, staged is become by whole for forest land, hillside, each planting site 11 behind whole ground is offered along the contour on hillside respectively, domatic outside between adjacent planting site 11 adopts stone to pile the ridge 12 of building a dam, ditch 13 is offered in the middle part of each planting site 11, ditch 13 along the length direction of planting site 11 offer and in ditch 13 along its length interval compartment 131 is set, ditch 13 is separated into each tank by compartment 131, the two ends compartment 131 of each tank arranges first respectively, the second-rate mouth of a river 132, cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth 133, the height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on same tank, the height of flowing water mouth highly less in the second-rate mouth of a river 132 is consistent (if the height at the first-class mouth of a river is lower than the height at the second mouth of a river, then the height of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 is consistent with the height at the first-class mouth of a river), compartment 131 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape respectively, the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape, the ditch, top 13 in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation, the upper outside on the ridge, dam 12 is provided with the sparge pipe 14 of horizontal shape layout, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe 14 is arranged at intervals with shower nozzle, the sidewall on the ridge, oblique sensing dam, water outlet direction 12 of shower nozzle, planting site 11 is divided into the first planting site 111 be positioned at inside ditch 13 and the second planting site 112 be positioned at outside ditch 13 by ditch 13, first planting site 111 adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.8:1:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of paddy field draining dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:3 with forest land soil (native country in forest land, hillside), the height on the ridge, dam 12 is 60 ~ 80cm, it is 30 ~ 35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and the downside that improvement soil fills out flood is provided with sandy soils, extends in sandy soils bottom the ridge, dam 12, the width of the first planting site 111 is 30 ~ 40cm, and the width of the second planting site 112 is 2 ~ 2.2m,
Spring plants the thorn China fir 11b sapling of life in 4 ~ 5 years in interval on the second planting site 112 then, spacing in the rows 1.5m, after thorn China fir 11b seedling survives, the trunk of thorn China fir 11b sapling is clipped and carried out preservative treatment to truncated position, the tree stump place tufted of thorn China fir 11b grows thorn China fir 11b seedling, the dark planting pit of 50 ~ 55cm is dug in the outside of thorn Chinese fir seedling, in planting pit, apply the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 5 ~ 8kg, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 155 weight portion green manure, the dry land soil of people and animals' urine of 30 weight portions, the lime of 8 weight portions and 10 weight portions becomes thoroughly decomposed, and process obtains.The fig cuttage seeding (station, nursery is bought and obtained) of band soil is planted in planting pit, water sufficient normal root water, fig spacing in the rows is 1.5 ~ 2.0m, along cuttage seeding height 20 ~ 22cm place, fig is cut off, three major branch natural open centre shape/Y shape training types are adopted to carry out shaping to fig, after cuttage, 20d waters and executes once rare rich water, containing 5% ammonium sulfate in rare rich water.In autumn in the same year the common vetch dish seedling 11a of artificial propagation is close on the first planting site 111 and locates interval bottom the ridge, dam 12 and plant, the width of planting plant hole is 20 ~ 25 centimetres, size is 20 × 20cm, plant by spacing in the rows 15cm, during transplanting, common vetch dish seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, do not hinder root system, normal root water is watered after cultivation, and pour water in ditch 13, water surface elevation in ditch 13 is lower than the ground level 12 ~ 17cm of the first planting site 111, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and at earth's surface bedding one deck leaf of the first planting site 111, the leaf that Za Shu can be selected to descend slowly and lightly and pine needle carry out bedding,
Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma and after gemma, bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish, prune thorn Shan11bShu, retain a major branch, all the other thorn China fir seedling carry out plucking top makes its height between 1.4 ~ 1.6m; The major branch of fig is pruned, keep major branch length 50 ~ 55cm, 3 ~ 4 are retained newly slightly above each major branch, the prosperous long-term applying once composite fertilizer of young sprout growth, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 90kg, the urea mixed configuration that composite fertilizer is 20 weight portion nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 10 weight portion poultrys urinate excrement and 5 weight portions obtains, and carries out fruit after result; Second Year early August broadcasts sowing perennial ryegrass on first and second planting site, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid and 1.5g pak-chor 4 ~ 4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid be bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilute 10 times formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor
600be 0.8 ~ 1.0, after seed soaking, ryegrass seed and 8kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam are mixed and are all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth is to carrying out first time harvesting during plant height 40 ~ 45cm as farming animals herbage, toothing 5 ~ 8cm during first time harvesting, promote that perennial ryegrass tillers and regenerates, perennial ryegrass regrow to carry out aftercrop during plant height 35 ~ 40cm and by harvesting herbage and leaf bedding on the earth's surface of first and second planting site, toothing 1 ~ 3cm during aftercrop, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating.
From the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile to common vetch dish, undertaken topdressing carrying seedling by loose stool water or urea water before gemma or after gemma, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray, 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish, root is not injured during harvesting, loose stool water is executed once after each harvesting, the dwarf branch bar of thorn Shan11bShu is pruned, it is made highly to be no more than 1.5m, fig side shoot is pruned, its length is made to be 30 ~ 35cm, each side shoot retains 1 ~ 2 newly slightly, prune and make new length slightly be no more than 20cm, within 4th year, wipe out every year afterwards on side shoot less go out the branch of young sprout result, the young sprout of 1 ~ 2 growing way stalwartness of selecting and remain, it is for a long time prosperous that young sprout grows, fruit expanding period, composite fertilizer is applied once respectively before fallen leaves, the each applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 70 ~ 75kg, in early August, the 3rd is first, two planting sites broadcast sowing perennial ryegrass, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid and 1.5g pak-chor 4 ~ 4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid be bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilute 10 times formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor
600be 0.8 ~ 1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth is to carrying out first time harvesting during plant height 40 ~ 45cm as farming animals herbage, toothing 5 ~ 8cm during first time harvesting, promote that perennial ryegrass tillers and regenerates, perennial ryegrass regrow to carry out aftercrop during plant height 35 ~ 40cm and by harvesting herbage and leaf bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1 ~ 3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating, help bud fertilizer to prepare for 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid to obtain.
In above-described embodiment 1,2, the plantation amount of every mu of common vetch dish is 2000 ~ 2500 strains, and produce 350 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes per year for every mu, the length of plucking fresh common vetch dish is 15 ~ 20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.8 ~ 1.2cm, and the fibrosis of fresh common vetch dish is low.
The plantation of tradition level land, the plantation amount of mu common vetch dish is 4500 ~ 6000 strains, produce 300 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes per year for every mu, the length of plucking fresh common vetch dish is 15 ~ 20cm, the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.3 ~ 0.6cm, the fibrosis on fresh common vetch dish surface is high, and the black herbage cutting receipts for the first time may be used for herding and survives the winter, and forms circular agriculture.
After the 3rd year, every strain fig can tie the fig of 2.5 ~ 3.0kg, plants separately the output of the individual plant 2.0 ~ 2.5kg of fig higher than large stretch of area.In addition, agricultural planting economic benefit 4 ~ 5 times can be improved by interplanting.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; to know in the present invention after contents; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some equal conversion to it and substitute, these convert on an equal basis and substitute and also should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a method for hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits, refers to the method for improvement hillside interplanting in woodland common vetch dish, thorn China fir, fig, specifically comprises following operating procedure:
S1: become staged by whole for forest land, hillside, each planting site behind whole ground is offered along the contour on hillside respectively, domatic outside between adjacent planting site adopts stone to pile the ridge of building a dam, ditch is offered in the middle part of each planting site, ditch along the length direction of planting site offer and in ditch along its length interval compartment is set, ditch is separated into each tank by compartment, the two ends compartment of each tank arranges first respectively, the second-rate mouth of a river, cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth, the height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth on same tank, the height of flowing water mouth highly less in the second-rate mouth of a river is consistent, the 3rd flowing water mouth on adjacent ditch is that interleaved shape is arranged, the ditch, top in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation, the upper outside of Ba Geng is provided with the sparge pipe of horizontal shape layout, the pipe shaft of sparge pipe is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying/shower nozzle, the sidewall of the oblique sensing in the water outlet direction Ba Geng of hole for water spraying/shower nozzle, planting site is divided into the first planting site be positioned at inside ditch and the second planting site be positioned at outside ditch by ditch, first planting site adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming, improvement soil is dry land soil, peat soil and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2 ~ 0.8:1:0.4, the paddy soils of dry land soil for getting after 3 ~ June of paddy field draining dry field, do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2 ~ 3 times, fire loam is stalk, tree branches and leaves, the fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 ~ 3 with forest land soil,
S2: plant interval on the ground at second kind spring then and to plant the thorn Chinese fir seedling of life in 4 ~ 5 years, after thorn China fir seedling survives, the trunk of thorn Chinese fir seedling is clipped and carried out preservative treatment to truncated position, the tree stump place tufted of thorn China fir grows thorn China fir seedling, late April digs the dark planting pit of 50 ~ 55cm in the outside of thorn Chinese fir seedling, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 5 ~ 8kg is applied in planting pit, the fig cuttage seeding of band soil is planted in planting pit, water sufficient normal root water, fig spacing in the rows is 1.5 ~ 2.0m, along cuttage seeding height 20 ~ 22cm place, fig is cut off, three major branch natural open centre shape/Y shape training types are adopted to carry out shaping to fig, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 150 ~ 155 weight portion green manure, people and animals' urine of 30 ~ 35 weight portions, the process of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the lime of 5 ~ 8 weight portions and the dry land soil of 10 ~ 15 weight portions obtains, after cuttage, 20d waters and executes once rare rich water, containing 5% ammonium sulfate in rare rich water, in autumn in the same year the common vetch dish seedling of artificial propagation/wild planted at first kind and locate interval bottom the next-door neighbour ridge, dam on the ground and plant, and pour water in ditch, water surface elevation in ditch is lower than the ground level 12 ~ 17cm of the first planting site, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and at earth's surface bedding one deck leaf of the first planting site,
S3: Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, 4 ~ May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, bract bud First Year is not plucked common vetch dish, thorn Chinese fir is pruned, retain a major branch, all the other thorn China fir seedling carry out plucking top makes its height between 1.4 ~ 1.6m, the major branch of fig is pruned, keep major branch length 50 ~ 55cm, 3 ~ 4 are retained newly slightly above each major branch, the prosperous long-term applying once composite fertilizer of young sprout growth, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 90 ~ 100kg, the urea mixed configuration that composite fertilizer is 20 weight portion nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 10 weight portion poultrys urinate excrement and 5 weight portions obtains, and carries out fruit after result, Second Year early August is first, two planting sites broadcast sowing perennial ryegrass, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid and 1.5g pak-chor 4 ~ 4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid be bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilute 10 times formulated, in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor, OD600 is 0.8 ~ 1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth is to carrying out first time harvesting during plant height 40 ~ 45cm as farming animals herbage, toothing 5 ~ 8cm during first time harvesting, promote that perennial ryegrass tillers and regenerates, perennial ryegrass regrow to carry out aftercrop during plant height 35 ~ 40cm and by harvesting herbage and leaf bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1 ~ 3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating,
S4: from the 3rd year, be repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, April applies once to help bud fertile to common vetch dish, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3 ~ 5min spreads spray/spray painting, 4 ~ May plucks 3 ~ 4 times common vetch dish, the dwarf branch bar of thorn Chinese fir is pruned, makes it highly be no more than 1.5m, fig side shoot is pruned, its length is made to be 30 ~ 35cm, each side shoot retains 1 ~ 2 newly slightly, prune and make new length slightly be no more than 20cm, within 4th year, wipe out every year afterwards on side shoot less go out the branch of young sprout result, the young sprout of 1 ~ 2 growing way stalwartness of selecting and remain, it is for a long time prosperous that young sprout grows, fruit expanding period, composite fertilizer is applied once respectively before fallen leaves, the each applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 70 ~ 75kg, annual early August is first, two planting sites broadcast sowing perennial ryegrass, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid and 1.5g pak-chor 4 ~ 4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium liquid be bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor dilute 10 times formulated, in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother liquor, OD600 is 0.8 ~ 1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, Ryegrass Growth is to carrying out first time harvesting during plant height 40 ~ 45cm as farming animals herbage, toothing 5 ~ 8cm during first time harvesting, promote that perennial ryegrass tillers and regenerates, perennial ryegrass regrow to carry out aftercrop during plant height 35 ~ 40cm and by harvesting herbage and leaf bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1 ~ 3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating, bud fertilizer is helped to obtain for fiery loam and people's retention of urine liquid/urea mixed preparing.
2. the method for improvement plantation vegetables and fruits in hillside fields according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the height of Ba Geng is 60 ~ 80cm, it is 30 ~ 35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and the downside that improvement soil fills out flood is provided with sandy soils, and dam extends in sandy soils bottom the ridge.
3. the method for improvement plantation vegetables and fruits in hillside fields according to claim 1, is characterized in that: improvement soil is that dry land soil, peat soil and fiery loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2.
4. the method for improvement plantation vegetables and fruits in hillside fields according to claim 1, is characterized in that: help bud fertilizer to be that 50kg fire loam and the preparation of 10L people's retention of urine liquid obtain.
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